EP0054301B1 - Lighting circuit for a low-pressure discharge lamp - Google Patents

Lighting circuit for a low-pressure discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0054301B1
EP0054301B1 EP81110450A EP81110450A EP0054301B1 EP 0054301 B1 EP0054301 B1 EP 0054301B1 EP 81110450 A EP81110450 A EP 81110450A EP 81110450 A EP81110450 A EP 81110450A EP 0054301 B1 EP0054301 B1 EP 0054301B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistor
voltage divider
branch
starting circuit
capacitor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81110450A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0054301A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. Fähnrich
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Osram GmbH
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Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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Publication of EP0054301A1 publication Critical patent/EP0054301A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/02—Details
    • H05B41/04—Starting switches
    • H05B41/042—Starting switches using semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/044—Starting switches using semiconductor devices for lamp provided with pre-heating electrodes
    • H05B41/046—Starting switches using semiconductor devices for lamp provided with pre-heating electrodes using controlled semiconductor devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/05—Starting and operating circuit for fluorescent lamp

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ignition device for a low-pressure discharge lamp, in which a triac is connected in parallel with the low-pressure discharge lamp and in series with the heating electrodes contains a fixed resistor and at least one variable resistor and the other branch is formed by a capacitor.
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 All have a voltage divider parallel to the connections A 'and B' of the triac 10.
  • the second connection of the diac 11 arranged in the control circuit of the triac taps off the voltage drop across the capacitor 12, which forms the second branch of the voltage divider.
  • the variants are in the first branch of the voltage divider, with certain properties of the ignition device being intended to be achieved by connecting different functional groups in series.
  • the capacitor 14 in particular, has a special meaning, as is explained in detail in the above-mentioned document: To prevent the ignition process of the already ignited low-pressure discharge lamp from being repeated, the capacitor 14 must be of very narrow dimensions so that the Ignition voltage of the diacs 11 is not reached when the low-pressure discharge lamp has an operating voltage.
  • the capacitor 14 responsible for switching off the ignition pulses is bridged by a resistor 18, as a result of which the switch-off effect of the capacitor is further critically influenced.
  • a resistor 17 is connected in parallel in FIG. 4, which results in an asymmetrical one when using an inductive ballast. Load on the inductor 4 ( Figure 6) and thus an increased preheating current of the electrode coils 2 and 3 results. In the blocking direction of the diode 17, however, a certain countercurrent flows through the resistor 13, which in turn causes a certain re-magnetization of the inductor 4 and reduces the preheating current.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an ignition device with the aid of which a low-pressure discharge lamp is gently ignited with good and rapid preheating of the electrode filaments, in that at a high preheating current to avoid cold ignitions first low and with each period higher peak values of the voltage to the lamp be placed. After the lamp has been ignited, further attempts to ignite the ignition device are to be prevented with certainty. If the lamps are deactivated, the ignition device should continue to switch off after a series of unsuccessful ignition attempts.
  • the ignition device should also be used under different operating conditions, e.g. with different outside temperatures or different ballasts of the low-pressure discharge lamp. Furthermore, the number of electrical components used should be small in order to be able to accommodate the ignition device in a conventional starter housing for fluorescent lamps.
  • the ignition device with the features mentioned in the preamble of the main claim is characterized according to the invention in that some of the components in the first branch of the voltage divider and the capacitor in the second branch are bridged by a temperature-dependent resistor with a negative temperature coefficient, which changes the switching time of the triac due to its change in resistance and switches off the preheating current when the lamp is not igniting, the variable resistance in the first branch of the voltage divider having a low resistance compared to the fixed resistor.
  • the first variable resistor contained in the first branch of the voltage divider forms a series connection with the fixed resistor, the second connection of the fixed resistor being connected to the triac.
  • the temperature-dependent resistor with a negative temperature coefficient also bridges the fixed resistor from the first branch of the voltage divider.
  • the ballast preferably consisting of a series connection of an ohmic resistor and a capacitor.
  • a parallel connection of a second variable resistor and a diode is connected in series with the first branch of the voltage divider, one connection of which is connected to the connection point.
  • This circuit arrangement is designed to ignite conventional low-pressure discharge lamps, the ballast consisting of a choke or a choke with a series capacitor.
  • the diode causes a greatly increased preheating current and the hot conductor connected in parallel leads the preheating current back to normal values after the lamp has been ignited.
  • the first variable resistor in the first branch of the voltage divider is a frequency-dependent resistor which has a low resistance during the preheating of the electrode filaments and a high resistance after the low-pressure discharge lamp has been ignited.
  • the frequency-dependent resistor can be replaced by a voltage-dependent resistor in a further circuit configuration.
  • the condenser of the second branch and part of the first branch bridging temperature-dependent resistor with a negative temperature coefficient is advantageously connected in this case between the parallel circuit consisting of diode and second variable resistor and the fixed resistor.
  • the second variable resistor in the first branch of the voltage divider is a temperature-dependent resistor with a negative temperature coefficient.
  • the functions of the temperature-dependent resistors will be explained in more detail later.
  • An interference suppression capacitor is connected in parallel with the triac.
  • the interference suppression capacitor is designed as a capacitive voltage divider, a self-switching four-layer diode being connected to the center of the same, the other connection of which is led to one of the end points of the voltage divider.
  • the electrode filaments are well preheated by first applying low peak values, which increase with each period, to avoid cold ignitions, until the ignition takes place reliably, which is decisive for the lamp life. If the lamp is non-igniting, the preheating current is switched off within approx. One second and further ignition attempts are prevented, which protects the ballast and the lamp.
  • the ignition device can be adapted to a variety of ballasts and low-pressure discharge lamps with different ignition voltages with only a few minor extensions or modifications.
  • the few electronic components can easily be installed in a conventional housing for starters or can be arranged within the lamp itself with or without a ballast, making the ignition device also suitable for compact low-pressure discharge lamps.
  • a triac 2 is connected in parallel to a fluorescent lamp 1, the control connection of which is connected via a diac 3 to a connection point 4 of a voltage divider which is also connected in parallel to the fluorescent lamp 1.
  • the voltage divider has two branches, the first branch of which has a series connection of a charging resistor 5 and a frequency-dependent resistor in the form of a control capacitor 6, and the other branch of which is formed by a trigger capacitor 7.
  • the trigger capacitor 7 and the charging resistor 5 are bridged by a cut-off thermistor 8.
  • An interference suppression capacitor 9 is also connected in parallel with the triac 2.
  • a fuse resistor 10 is arranged in one of the leads of the ignition device.
  • the ballast for limiting the current of the fluorescent lamp 1 is formed by the series connection of an operating capacitor 11 and a damping resistor 12.
  • a discharge resistor 13 is connected in parallel with the operating capacitor 11.
  • the function of the ignition device can be described in the following way.
  • the trigger capacitor 7 is charged via the charging resistor 5 and additionally via the control capacitor 6.
  • the triac 2 is controlled via the diac 3 by partially discharging the trigger capacitor 7, the size of the charging resistor 5 determining the charging time of the trigger capacitor 7 and thus the moment when the triac 2 is switched through.
  • the charging time of the trigger capacitor 7 is also influenced by the shutdown thermistor 8.
  • the shutdown thermistor 8 has two tasks: firstly, its resistance change changes the switching instant of the Triac 2. This results in the possibility of providing a small peak value when the mains voltage is applied in order to avoid cold ignition of the fluorescent lamp 1 and then increasing it after the lamp electrodes have already been heated so that the ignition takes place safely.
  • the shutdown thermistor 8 is designed such that if the fluorescent lamp 1 is not ignited, it shuts down the preheating current within one second due to its reduction in resistance.
  • the cut-off thermistor 8 is heated with the aid of the control capacitor 6.
  • the frequency-dependent resistance of capacitors is used. As long as the preheating current flows through the electrode filaments of the fluorescent lamp 1, narrow voltage pulses of higher frequency result. The low resistance of the control capacitor 6 at a higher frequency results in a rapid heating of the cut-off thermistor 8.
  • a further advantage of this ignition device is that the half-wave operation of fluorescent lamps on the cut-off hot conductor 8 1 by preventing the circuit from heating up in such a way that the triac 2 is blocked.
  • the same ignition device can be used.
  • the ignition device can also be expanded to a quick start ignition device with a slight extension.
  • the parallel connection of a bridging hot conductor 15 and a diode 16 is additionally connected in series between the connection point 4 and the charging resistor 5, the polarity of the diode 16 being arbitrary.
  • the diode causes the triac 2 to be actuated on one side and thus a greatly increased preheating current of the electrode filaments.
  • the bridging hot conductor 15 returns the excessive preheating current to normal values within half a second. It also enables normal preheating of the electrode coils in capacitive ballasts.
  • control capacitor can also be replaced by a voltage-dependent resistor 17. Its size is selected so that on the one hand a reliable response of the ignition device before the lamp ignition is guaranteed and on the other hand the ignition device remains switched off after the lamp ignition.
  • connection of the cut-off hot conductor 8 is arranged between the charging resistor 5 and the parallel circuit consisting of bridging hot conductor 15 and diode 16, as a result of which overloading of the bridging hot conductor 15 after a change to low resistance values is avoided in a simple manner.
  • the level of the voltage available for the lamp ignition in inductive and capacitive ballasts depends only on the capacitance of the interference suppression capacitor 9. With a capacity of e.g. _ ⁇ 10 nF the peak value of the mains voltage is reached. If the capacitance of the interference suppression capacitor is increased to e.g. 47 nF, the peak value of the open circuit voltage is approx. 400 V, which is sufficient for the ignition of lamps that ignite normally.
  • the interference suppression capacitor is embodied therein as a capacitive voltage divider and consists of the partial capacitors 18 and 19. At the center of this voltage divider, a self-switching four-layer diode 20 is connected, the other connection of which is connected to any end point of the voltage divider. With such a circuit arrangement according to FIG. 4, peak values of around 600 V can be achieved.
  • Voltages with peak values around 800 V are e.g. achievable with a circuit according to FIG. 5.
  • a small inductance 21 is connected in series with the self-switching four-layer diode 20, which enables the partial capacitor 19 assigned to it to be recharged.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zündvorrichtung für eine Niederdruckentladungslampe, bei der parallel zur Niederdruckentladungslampe und in Reihe zu den Heizelektroden ein Triac angeschlossen ist, der mit seinem Steueranschluss über einen Diac an dem Verbindungspunkt eines ebenfalls parallel zu der Niederdruckentladungslampe angeschlossenen Spannungsteilers liegt, dessen erster Zweig als Bauelemente einen Festwiderstand sowie mindestens einen veränderlichen Widerstand enthält und dessen anderer Zweig durch einen Kondensator gebildet wird.The invention relates to an ignition device for a low-pressure discharge lamp, in which a triac is connected in parallel with the low-pressure discharge lamp and in series with the heating electrodes contains a fixed resistor and at least one variable resistor and the other branch is formed by a capacitor.

Eine Zündvorrichtung dieser Art ist im Dokument DE-B-1 952697 beschrieben. Die Schaltungsvarianten der Figuren 2, 3 und 4 weisen alle einen Spannungsteiler parallel zu den Anschlüssen A' und B' des Triacs 10 auf. Der im Steuerkreis des Triacs angeordnete Diac 11 greift mit seinem zweiten Anschluss den Spannungsabfall am Kondensator 12 ab, der den zweiten Zweig des Spannungsteilers bildet. Die Varianten liegen im ersten Zweig des Spannungsteilers, wobei jeweils durch eine Reihenschaltung von unterschiedlichen Funktionsgruppen bestimmte Eigenschaften der Zündvorrichtung erreicht werden sollen. Dabei kommt insbesondere dem Kondensator 14, wie in der oben angegebenen Schrift ausführlich ausgeführt wird, eine besondere Bedeutung zu: Um zu verhindern, dass keine Wiederholung des Zündvorgangs der bereits gezündeten Niederdruckentladungslampe erfolgt, muss der Kondensator.14 sehr eng bemessen sein, so dass die Zündspannung des Diacs 11 bei vorhandener Brennspannung der Niederdruckentladungslampe gerade nicht erreicht wird.An ignition device of this type is described in document DE-B-1 952697. The circuit variants of FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 all have a voltage divider parallel to the connections A 'and B' of the triac 10. The second connection of the diac 11 arranged in the control circuit of the triac taps off the voltage drop across the capacitor 12, which forms the second branch of the voltage divider. The variants are in the first branch of the voltage divider, with certain properties of the ignition device being intended to be achieved by connecting different functional groups in series. The capacitor 14, in particular, has a special meaning, as is explained in detail in the above-mentioned document: To prevent the ignition process of the already ignited low-pressure discharge lamp from being repeated, the capacitor 14 must be of very narrow dimensions so that the Ignition voltage of the diacs 11 is not reached when the low-pressure discharge lamp has an operating voltage.

Im Schaltungsbeispiel der Figur 4 ist der für die Abschaltung der Zündimpulse zuständige Kondensator 14 von einem Widerstand 18 überbrückt, wodurch die Abschaltwirkung des Kondensators weiter kritisch beeinflusst wird. Dem Widerstand 13 ist in der Figur 4 eine Diode 17 parallelgeschaltet, woraus sich bei Verwendung eines induktiven Vorschaltgerätes eine asymmetrische. Belastung der Drosselspule 4 (Figur 6) und damit ein erhöhter Vorheizstrom der Elektrodenwendeln 2 und 3 ergibt. In der Sperrichtung der Diode 17 fliesst allerdings ein bestimmter Gegenstrom über den Widerstand 13, der wiederum eine gewisse Um-, magnetisierung der Drosselspule 4 bewirkt und den Vorheizstrom reduziert.In the circuit example in FIG. 4, the capacitor 14 responsible for switching off the ignition pulses is bridged by a resistor 18, as a result of which the switch-off effect of the capacitor is further critically influenced. A resistor 17 is connected in parallel in FIG. 4, which results in an asymmetrical one when using an inductive ballast. Load on the inductor 4 (Figure 6) and thus an increased preheating current of the electrode coils 2 and 3 results. In the blocking direction of the diode 17, however, a certain countercurrent flows through the resistor 13, which in turn causes a certain re-magnetization of the inductor 4 and reduces the preheating current.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Zündvorrichtung zu schaffen, mit Hilfe derer eine Niederdruckentladungslampe bei einer guten und schnellen Vorheizung der Elektrodenwendeln schonend gezündet wird, indem bei einem hohen Vorheizstrom zur Vermeidung von Kaltzündungen zuerst niedrige und mit jeder Periode höhere Scheitelwerte der Spannung an die Lampe gelegt werden. Nach erfolgter Zündung der Lampe sollen weitere Zündversuche der Zündvorrichtung mit Sicherheit unterbunden werden. Bei deaktivierten Lampen soll sich die Zündvorrichtung weiterhin nach einer Reihe erfolgloser Zündversuche abschalten. Die Zündvorrichtung soll darüber hinaus auch bei unterschiedlichen Betriebsbedingungen, wie z.B. bei unterschiedlichen Aussentemperaturen oder unterschiedlichen Vorschaltgeräten der Niederdruckentladungslampe, einsatzfähig sein. Des weiteren soll die Anzahl der verwendeten elektrischen Bauteile klein sein, um die Zündvorrichtung in einem herkömmlichen Startergehäuse für Leuchtstofflampen unterbringen zu können.The object of the invention is to provide an ignition device with the aid of which a low-pressure discharge lamp is gently ignited with good and rapid preheating of the electrode filaments, in that at a high preheating current to avoid cold ignitions first low and with each period higher peak values of the voltage to the lamp be placed. After the lamp has been ignited, further attempts to ignite the ignition device are to be prevented with certainty. If the lamps are deactivated, the ignition device should continue to switch off after a series of unsuccessful ignition attempts. The ignition device should also be used under different operating conditions, e.g. with different outside temperatures or different ballasts of the low-pressure discharge lamp. Furthermore, the number of electrical components used should be small in order to be able to accommodate the ignition device in a conventional starter housing for fluorescent lamps.

Die Zündvorrichtung mit den im Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs genannten Merkmalen ist erfindungsgemäss dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil der Bauelemente im ersten Zweig des Spannungsteilers und der Kondensator im zweiten Zweig von einem temperaturabhängigen Widerstand mit negativem Temperaturkoeffizient überbrückt sind, der durch seine Widerstandsänderung den Schaltzeitpunkt des Triacs verändert und bei nicht zündender Lampe den Vorheizstrom abschaltet, wobei der veränderliche Widerstand im ersten Zweig des Spannungsteilers einen im Vergleich zum Festwiderstand niedrigen Widerstand aufweist. Dabei bildet der im ersten Zweig des Spannungsteilers enthaltene erste veränderliche Widerstand mit dem Festwiderstand eine Reihenschaltung, wobei der zweite Anschluss des Festwiderstandes mit dem Triac verbunden ist. Der temperaturabhängige Widerstand mit negativem Temperaturkoeffizient überbrückt ausser dem durch den Kondensator gebildeten zweiten Zweig des Spannungsteilers auch den Festwiderstand aus dem ersten Zweig des Spannungsteilers. Eine derartige Schaltungsanordnung ist zum Beispiel für Kompakt-Niederdruckentladungslampen mit kurzen Entladungsbögen und Brennspannungen von weniger als 60 V besonders geeignet, wobei das Vorschaltgerät vorzugsweise aus einer Reihenschaltung eines ohmschen Widerstandes und eines Kondensators besteht.The ignition device with the features mentioned in the preamble of the main claim is characterized according to the invention in that some of the components in the first branch of the voltage divider and the capacitor in the second branch are bridged by a temperature-dependent resistor with a negative temperature coefficient, which changes the switching time of the triac due to its change in resistance and switches off the preheating current when the lamp is not igniting, the variable resistance in the first branch of the voltage divider having a low resistance compared to the fixed resistor. The first variable resistor contained in the first branch of the voltage divider forms a series connection with the fixed resistor, the second connection of the fixed resistor being connected to the triac. In addition to the second branch of the voltage divider formed by the capacitor, the temperature-dependent resistor with a negative temperature coefficient also bridges the fixed resistor from the first branch of the voltage divider. Such a circuit arrangement is particularly suitable, for example, for compact, low-pressure discharge lamps with short discharge arcs and operating voltages of less than 60 V, the ballast preferably consisting of a series connection of an ohmic resistor and a capacitor.

In einer Erweiterung der Schaltung für die Zündvorrichtung ist zu dem ersten Zweig des Spannungsteilers eine Parallelschaltung von einem zweiten veränderlichen Widerstand und einer Diode in Reihe geschaltet, wobei deren einer Anschluss an dem Verbindungspunkt angeschlossen ist. Diese Schaltungsanordnung ist zum Zünden von herkömmlichen Niederdruckentladungslampen ausgelegt, wobei das Vorschaltgerät aus einer Drossel bzw. aus einer Drossel mit einem Reihenkondensator besteht. Die Diode bewirkt einen stark überhöhten Vorheizstrom und der dazu parallelgeschaltete Heissleiter führt den Vorheizstrom nach Zünden der Lampe auf normale Werte zurück.In an extension of the circuit for the ignition device, a parallel connection of a second variable resistor and a diode is connected in series with the first branch of the voltage divider, one connection of which is connected to the connection point. This circuit arrangement is designed to ignite conventional low-pressure discharge lamps, the ballast consisting of a choke or a choke with a series capacitor. The diode causes a greatly increased preheating current and the hot conductor connected in parallel leads the preheating current back to normal values after the lamp has been ignited.

In den vorbeschriebenen Zündschaltungen mit zugehörigem Vorschaltgerät ist der erste veränderliche Widerstand im ersten Zweig des Spannungsteilers ein frequenzabhängiger Widerstand, der während des Vorheizens der Elektrodenwendeln einen niedrigen Widerstand und nach Zünden der Niederdruckentladungslampe einen hohen Widerstand aufweist. Der frequenzabhängige Widerstand kann in einer weiteren Schaltungsausführung durch einen spannungsabhängigen Widerstand ersetzt werden. Der den Kondensator des zweiten Zweiges und einen Teil des ersten Zweiges überbrückende temperaturabhängige Widerstand mit negativem Temperaturkoeffizient ist in diesem Fall vorteilhaft zwischen der aus Diode und zweitem veränderlichen Widerstand bestehenden Parallelschaltung und dem Festwiderstand angeschlossen.In the above-described ignition circuits with associated ballast, the first variable resistor in the first branch of the voltage divider is a frequency-dependent resistor which has a low resistance during the preheating of the electrode filaments and a high resistance after the low-pressure discharge lamp has been ignited. The frequency-dependent resistor can be replaced by a voltage-dependent resistor in a further circuit configuration. The condenser of the second branch and part of the first branch bridging temperature-dependent resistor with a negative temperature coefficient is advantageously connected in this case between the parallel circuit consisting of diode and second variable resistor and the fixed resistor.

Der zweite veränderliche Widerstand im ersten Zweig des Spannungsteilers ist ein temperaturabhängiger Widerstand mit negativem Temperaturkoeffizient. Die Funktionen der temperaturabhängigen Widerstände werden später näher erläutert.The second variable resistor in the first branch of the voltage divider is a temperature-dependent resistor with a negative temperature coefficient. The functions of the temperature-dependent resistors will be explained in more detail later.

Dem Triac ist ein Entstörkondensator parallelgeschaltet. In besonderen Fällen - z.B. bei schwer zündenden Niederdruckentladungslampen - ist der Entstörkondensator als ein kapazitiver Spannungsteiler ausgeführt, wobei am Mittenpunkt desselben eine selbstschaltende Vierschichtdiode angeschlossen ist, deren anderer Anschluss an einen der Endpunkte des Spannungsteilers geführt ist. Durch Hinzufügen einer kleinen Induktivität in Reihe zu der selbstschaltenden Vierschichtdiode ist eine noch höhere Zündspannung erreichbar.An interference suppression capacitor is connected in parallel with the triac. In special cases - e.g. in the case of difficult-to-ignite low-pressure discharge lamps - the interference suppression capacitor is designed as a capacitive voltage divider, a self-switching four-layer diode being connected to the center of the same, the other connection of which is led to one of the end points of the voltage divider. By adding a small inductance in series to the self-switching four-layer diode, an even higher ignition voltage can be achieved.

Mit der erfindungsgemässen Zündvorrichtung für Niederdruckentladungslampen sind kurze Zündzeiten erreichbar. Die Elektrodenwendeln werden dabei gut vorgeheizt, indem zur Vermeidung von Kaltzündungen zuerst niedrige und mit jeder Periode höhere Scheitelwerte angelegt werden, bis die Zündung sicher erfolgt, was für die Lampenlebensdauer entscheidend ist. Bei nichtzündender Lampe wird der Vorheizstrom innerhalb von ca. einer Sekunde abgeschaltet und weitere Zündversuche werden unterbunden, wodurch das Vorschaltgerät und die Lampe geschont werden.Short ignition times can be achieved with the inventive ignition device for low-pressure discharge lamps. The electrode filaments are well preheated by first applying low peak values, which increase with each period, to avoid cold ignitions, until the ignition takes place reliably, which is decisive for the lamp life. If the lamp is non-igniting, the preheating current is switched off within approx. One second and further ignition attempts are prevented, which protects the ballast and the lamp.

Die Zündvorrichtung ist mit wenigen, geringen Erweiterungen bzw. Abwandlungen an verschiedenartige Vorschaltgeräte und Niederdruckentladungslampen mit unterschiedlicher Zündspannung anpassbar. Die wenigen elektronischen Bauteile sind leicht in ein übliches Gehäuse für Starter einbaubar oder lassen sich - mit oder ohne Vorschaltgerät- innerhalb der Lampe selbst anordnen, womit die Zündvorrichtung auch für Kompakt-Niederdruckentladungslampen geeignet ist.The ignition device can be adapted to a variety of ballasts and low-pressure discharge lamps with different ignition voltages with only a few minor extensions or modifications. The few electronic components can easily be installed in a conventional housing for starters or can be arranged within the lamp itself with or without a ballast, making the ignition device also suitable for compact low-pressure discharge lamps.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einiger Schaltungsbeispiele näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt eine Grundschaltung einer erfindungsgemässen Zündvorrichtung;
  • Figur 2 zeigt eine Erweiterung der Schaltung von Figur 1;
  • Figur 3 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform der Schaltung von Figur 2;
  • Figur 4 zeigt eine Erweiterung der Schaltung von Figur 3;
  • Figur 5 zeigt eine Erweiterung der Schaltung von Figur 2.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of a few circuit examples.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic circuit of an ignition device according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 shows an extension of the circuit of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the circuit of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 shows an extension of the circuit of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 shows an extension of the circuit from FIG. 2.

In der Figur 1 ist parallel zu einer Leuchtstofflampe 1 ein Triac 2 geschaltet, dessen Steueranschluss über einen Diac 3 an einen Verbindungspunkt 4 eines ebenfalls parallel zu der Leuchtstofflampe 1 geschalteten Spannungsteilers liegt. Der Spannungsteiler weist zwei Zweige auf, wobei dessen erster Zweig eine Reihenschaltung eines Ladewiderstandes 5 und eines frequenzabhängigen Widerstandes in Form eines Steuerkondensators 6 aufweist und dessen anderer Zweig durch einen Triggerkondensator 7 gebildet wird. Der Triggerkondensator 7 und der Ladewiderstand 5 sind von einem Abschaltheissleiter 8 überbrückt. Parallel zum Triac 2 ist weiterhin ein Entstörkondensator 9 geschaltet. In einer der Zuleitungen der Zündvorrichtung ist ein Sicherungswiderstand 10 angeordnet. Das Vorschaltgerät zur Strombegrenzung der Leuchtstofflampe 1 wird durch die Reihenschaltung eines Betriebskondensators 11 und eines Dämpfungswiderstandes 12 gebildet. Dem Betriebskondensator 11 ist ein Entladewiderstand 13 parallelgeschaltet.In FIG. 1, a triac 2 is connected in parallel to a fluorescent lamp 1, the control connection of which is connected via a diac 3 to a connection point 4 of a voltage divider which is also connected in parallel to the fluorescent lamp 1. The voltage divider has two branches, the first branch of which has a series connection of a charging resistor 5 and a frequency-dependent resistor in the form of a control capacitor 6, and the other branch of which is formed by a trigger capacitor 7. The trigger capacitor 7 and the charging resistor 5 are bridged by a cut-off thermistor 8. An interference suppression capacitor 9 is also connected in parallel with the triac 2. A fuse resistor 10 is arranged in one of the leads of the ignition device. The ballast for limiting the current of the fluorescent lamp 1 is formed by the series connection of an operating capacitor 11 and a damping resistor 12. A discharge resistor 13 is connected in parallel with the operating capacitor 11.

Die Funktion der Zündvorrichtung ist auf folgende Weise zu beschreiben. DerTriggerkondensator 7 wird über den Ladewiderstand 5 und zusätzlich über den Steuerkondensator 6 aufgeladen. Der Triac 2 wird über den Diac 3 durch teilweise Entladung des Triggerkondensators 7 angesteuert, wobei die Grösse des Ladewiderstandes 5 die Ladezeit des Triggerkondensators 7 und damit den Augenblick des Durchschaltens des Triacs 2 bestimmt. Die Ladezeit des Triggerkondensators 7 wird darüber hinaus auch durch den Abschaltheissleiter 8 beeinflusst. Der Abschaltheissleiter 8 hat zwei Aufgaben: Zum einen wird durch seine Widerstandsänderung der Schaltaugenblick des Triacs 2 verändert. Hierdurch ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, beim Anlegen der Netzspannung zur Vermeidung von Kaltzündungen der Leuchtstofflampe 1 einen kleinen Scheitelwert vorzusehen und diesen anschliessend nach bereits erfolgter Aufheizung der Lampenelektroden so zu erhöhen, dass die Zündung sicher erfolgt. Zum anderen ist der Abschaltheissleiter 8 so ausgelegt, dass er im Falle des Nichtzündens der Leuchtstofflampe 1 durch seine Widerstandsverminderung den Vorheizstrom innerhalb einer Sekunde abschaltet. Die Aufheizung des Abschaltheissleiters 8 erfolgt mit Hilfe des Steuerkondensators 6. Hierbei wird der von der Frequenz abhängige Widerstand von Kondensatoren ausgenutzt. Solange die Elektrodenwendeln der Leuchtstofflampe 1 vom Vorheizstrom durchflossen werden, ergeben sich schmale Spannungsimpulse höherer Frequenz. Durch den niedrigen Widerstand des Steuerkondensators 6 bei höherer Frequenz ergibt sich eine schnelle Aufheizung des Abschaltheissleiters 8.The function of the ignition device can be described in the following way. The trigger capacitor 7 is charged via the charging resistor 5 and additionally via the control capacitor 6. The triac 2 is controlled via the diac 3 by partially discharging the trigger capacitor 7, the size of the charging resistor 5 determining the charging time of the trigger capacitor 7 and thus the moment when the triac 2 is switched through. The charging time of the trigger capacitor 7 is also influenced by the shutdown thermistor 8. The shutdown thermistor 8 has two tasks: firstly, its resistance change changes the switching instant of the Triac 2. This results in the possibility of providing a small peak value when the mains voltage is applied in order to avoid cold ignition of the fluorescent lamp 1 and then increasing it after the lamp electrodes have already been heated so that the ignition takes place safely. On the other hand, the shutdown thermistor 8 is designed such that if the fluorescent lamp 1 is not ignited, it shuts down the preheating current within one second due to its reduction in resistance. The cut-off thermistor 8 is heated with the aid of the control capacitor 6. Here, the frequency-dependent resistance of capacitors is used. As long as the preheating current flows through the electrode filaments of the fluorescent lamp 1, narrow voltage pulses of higher frequency result. The low resistance of the control capacitor 6 at a higher frequency results in a rapid heating of the cut-off thermistor 8.

Nach Abschaltung des Vorheizstromes im Falle des Nichtzündens der Leuchtstofflampe - z. B. am Ende der Lampenlebensdauer - liegt die 50 Hz-Netzspannung am Steuerkondensator 6. Dieser ist so dimensioniert, dass der ihn durchfliessende Strom ausreicht, den aufgeheizten Abschaltheissleiter 8 niederohmig zu halten. Nach Abschalten der Netzspannung und Abkühlen des Abschaltheissleiters 8 wird die Zündvorrichtung wieder funktionsfähig.After switching off the preheating current in the event of non-ignition of the fluorescent lamp - z. B. at the end of the lamp life - is the 50 Hz mains voltage at the control capacitor 6. This is dimensioned so that the current flowing through it is sufficient to keep the heated shutdown thermistor 8 low. After switching off the mains voltage and cooling of the shutdown thermistor 8, the ignition device becomes functional again.

Als weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich bei dieser Zündvorrichtung, dass durch den Abschaltheissleiter 8 der Halbwellenbetrieb von Leuchtstofflampen am Ende ihrer Lebensdauer bei Schaltungen gemäss Fig. 1 verhindert wird, indem dieser so aufgeheizt wird, dass der Triac 2 gesperrt wird.A further advantage of this ignition device is that the half-wave operation of fluorescent lamps on the cut-off hot conductor 8 1 by preventing the circuit from heating up in such a way that the triac 2 is blocked.

Bei Verwendung von induktiven bzw. kapazitiven Vorschaltgeräten - bestehend aus einer Reihenschaltung von Betriebskondensator 11 und Drossel 14 - gemäss der Figuren 2 bis 5 ist die gleiche Zündvorrichtung verwendbar. Für ausschliesslich induktive Vorschaltgeräte mit einer normalen Drossel 14 ist die Zündvorrichtung mit einer geringen Erweiterung auch zu einer Schnellstart-Zündvorrichtung zu ergänzen. In den ersten Zweig des Spannungsteilers ist zusätzlich die Parallelschaltung eines Überbrückungsheissleiters 15 und einer Diode 16 in Reihe zwischen den Verbindungspunkt 4 und den Ladewiderstand 5 geschaltet, wobei die Polung der Diode 16 beliebig sein kann. Die Diode bewirkt eine einseitige Ansteuerung des Triacs 2 und damit einen stark überhöhten Vorheizstrom der Elektrodenwendeln. Der Überbrückungsheissleiter 15 führt den überhöhten Vorheizstrom innerhalb einer halben Sekunde auf normale Werte zurück. Er ermöglicht dadurch auch eine normale Vorheizung der Elektrodenwendeln bei kapazitiven Vorschaltgeräten.When using inductive or capacitive ballasts - consisting of a series connection of operating capacitor 11 and choke 14 - according to Figures 2 to 5, the same ignition device can be used. For exclusively inductive ballasts with a normal choke 14, the ignition device can also be expanded to a quick start ignition device with a slight extension. In the first branch of the voltage divider, the parallel connection of a bridging hot conductor 15 and a diode 16 is additionally connected in series between the connection point 4 and the charging resistor 5, the polarity of the diode 16 being arbitrary. The diode causes the triac 2 to be actuated on one side and thus a greatly increased preheating current of the electrode filaments. The bridging hot conductor 15 returns the excessive preheating current to normal values within half a second. It also enables normal preheating of the electrode coils in capacitive ballasts.

Wie in den Schaltungsbeispielen der Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellt, kann der Steuerkondensator auch durch einen spannungsabhängigen Widerstand 17 ersetzt werden. Seine Grösse ist so gewählt, dass einerseits ein sicheres Ansprechen der Zündvorrichtung vor der Lampenzündung gewährleistet wird und andererseits die Zündvorrichtung nach der Lampenzündung ausgeschaltet bleibt. Der Anschluss des Abschaltheissleiters 8 ist in diesem Fall zwischen dem Ladewiderstand 5 und der aus Überbrückungsheissleiter 15 und Diode 16 bestehenden Parallelschaltung angeordnet, wodurch auf einfache Weise eine Überlastung des Überbrückungsheissleiters 15 nach Änderung zu niedrigen Widerstandswerten vermieden wird.As shown in the circuit examples in FIGS. 3 and 4, the control capacitor can also be replaced by a voltage-dependent resistor 17. Its size is selected so that on the one hand a reliable response of the ignition device before the lamp ignition is guaranteed and on the other hand the ignition device remains switched off after the lamp ignition. In this case, the connection of the cut-off hot conductor 8 is arranged between the charging resistor 5 and the parallel circuit consisting of bridging hot conductor 15 and diode 16, as a result of which overloading of the bridging hot conductor 15 after a change to low resistance values is avoided in a simple manner.

Die Höhe der für die Lampenzündung bei induktiven und kapazitiven Vorschaltgeräten zur Verfügung stehenden Spannung hängt bei den Schaltungsbeispielen der Figuren 2 und 3 nur von der Kapazität des Entstörkondensators 9 ab. Bei einer Kapazität von z.B. _< 10 nF wird der Scheitelwert der Netzspannung erreicht. Wird die Kapazität des Entstörkondensators auf z.B- 47 nF erhöht, ergibt sich ein Scheitelwert der Leerlaufspannung von ca. 400 V, was für die Zündung normal zündender Lampen ausreicht.In the circuit examples of FIGS. 2 and 3, the level of the voltage available for the lamp ignition in inductive and capacitive ballasts depends only on the capacitance of the interference suppression capacitor 9. With a capacity of e.g. _ <10 nF the peak value of the mains voltage is reached. If the capacitance of the interference suppression capacitor is increased to e.g. 47 nF, the peak value of the open circuit voltage is approx. 400 V, which is sufficient for the ignition of lamps that ignite normally.

Für schwer zündende Leuchtstofflampen ist die Schaltung gemäss der Figuren 4 oder 5 zu erweitern. Darin ist der Entstörkondensator als ein kapazitiver Spannungsteiler ausgeführt und besteht aus den Teilkondensatoren 18 und 19. Im Mittenpunkt dieses Spannungsteilers ist eine selbstschaltende Vierschichtdiode 20 angeschlossen, deren anderer Anschluss an einen beliebigen Endpunkt des Spannungsteilers gelegt ist. Mit einer solchen Schaltungsanordnung nach Figur 4 sind Scheitelwerte um 600 V erreichbar.For fluorescent lamps that are difficult to ignite, the circuit according to FIGS. 4 or 5 must be expanded. The interference suppression capacitor is embodied therein as a capacitive voltage divider and consists of the partial capacitors 18 and 19. At the center of this voltage divider, a self-switching four-layer diode 20 is connected, the other connection of which is connected to any end point of the voltage divider. With such a circuit arrangement according to FIG. 4, peak values of around 600 V can be achieved.

Spannungen mit Scheitelwerten um 800 V sind z.B. mit einer Schaltung entsprechend der Figur 5 erreichbar. Hier ist in Reihe zu der selbstschaltenden Vierschichtdiode 20 eine kleine Induktivität 21 geschaltet, die eine Umladung des ihr zugeordneten Teilkondensators 19 ermöglicht.Voltages with peak values around 800 V are e.g. achievable with a circuit according to FIG. 5. Here, a small inductance 21 is connected in series with the self-switching four-layer diode 20, which enables the partial capacitor 19 assigned to it to be recharged.

Claims (12)

1. A starting circuit for a low-pressure discharge lamp comprising a triac (2) connected in parallel with the discharge lamp (1) and in series with the heater electrodes of the lamp, the gate terminal of the triac being connected via a diac (3) to the tap (4) of a voltage divider likewise connected in parallel with the lamp (1), whereby the first branch of the voltage divider comprises as components a fixed resistor (5) and at least one variable resistor (6) and the second branch is formed by a capacitor (7), characterized in that a portion of the components (5; 15, 16) in the first branch of the voltage divider and the capacitor (7) in the second branch is bridged by a temperature-dependent resistor (8) having a negative temperature coefficient which due to its resistance variation alters the moment of energization of the triac (2) and disconnects the preheating current when the lamp (1) fails to start, with the variable resistor (6) in the first branch of the voltage divider having a resistance that is low compared to the resistance of the fixed resistor (5).
2. A starting circuit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the variable resistor (6, 17) contained in the first branch of the voltage divider forms a series circuit with the fixed resistor (5) and the other terminal of the fixed resistor (5) is connected to the triac (3).
3. A starting circuit as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a parallel circuit composed of a second variable resistor (15) and of a diode (16), whose one terminal is connected to the tap (4), is connected in series with the first branch of the voltage divider.
4. A starting circuit as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the temperature-dependent resistor (8) having the negative temperature coefficient bridges, apart from the capacitor (7), the parallel circuit of second variable resistor (15) and diode (16) as well as the fixed resistor (5) from the first branch of the voltage divider.
5. A starting circuit as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the temperature-dependent resistor (8) having the negative temperature coefficient bridges, apart from the capacitor (7), only the parallel circuit of second variable resistor (15) and diode (16) from the first branch of the voltage divider.
6. A starting circuit as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first variable resistor is a frequency-dependent resistor (6).
7. A starting circuit as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first variable resistor is a voltage-dependent resistor (17).
8. A starting circuit as claimed in any one of the claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the second variable resistor is a temperature-dependent resistor (15) having a negative temperature coefficient.
9. A starting circuit as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an anti-interference capacitor (9) is connected in parallel with the triac (2).
10. A starting circuit as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the anti-interference capac- itorisformed by a capacitive voltage divider (18,19) to whose tap is connected a self-switching four-layer diode (20) whose second terminal is connected to one of the terminal points of the capacitive voltage divider.
11. A starting circuit as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that an inductor (21) is connected in series with the self-switching four-layer diode (20).
12. A starting circuit as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a fuse (10) is connected in one of the supply lines.
EP81110450A 1980-12-16 1981-12-15 Lighting circuit for a low-pressure discharge lamp Expired EP0054301B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3047289 1980-12-16
DE19803047289 DE3047289A1 (en) 1980-12-16 1980-12-16 IGNITION DEVICE FOR A LOW-PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP

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EP0054301A1 EP0054301A1 (en) 1982-06-23
EP0054301B1 true EP0054301B1 (en) 1986-02-19

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EP81110450A Expired EP0054301B1 (en) 1980-12-16 1981-12-15 Lighting circuit for a low-pressure discharge lamp

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US (1) US4460848A (en)
EP (1) EP0054301B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57124895A (en)
DE (2) DE3047289A1 (en)

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DE3311215A1 (en) * 1983-03-28 1984-10-04 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München IGNITION DEVICE FOR A LOW-PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP
JPS60102875A (en) * 1983-11-09 1985-06-07 Toichi Chikuma Phase controller
DE3417794A1 (en) * 1984-05-14 1985-11-14 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTROLLING THE BURN VOLTAGE OF HIGH PRESSURE GAS DISCHARGE LAMPS
US4649319A (en) * 1984-10-03 1987-03-10 Duro-Test Corporation Gas discharge lamp starter
DE3603084A1 (en) * 1986-02-01 1987-08-06 Korte Licht Circuit for operating a fluorescent lamp
US4777410A (en) * 1987-06-22 1988-10-11 Innovative Controls, Inc. Ballast striker circuit
US4866347A (en) * 1987-09-28 1989-09-12 Hubbell Incorporated Compact fluorescent lamp circuit
US4900986A (en) * 1988-09-06 1990-02-13 General Electric Company Ballast circuit for starting fluorescent lamps
US5023521A (en) * 1989-12-18 1991-06-11 Radionic Industries, Inc. Lamp ballast system
US5387849A (en) * 1992-12-14 1995-02-07 Radionic Technology Incorporated Lamp ballast system characterized by a power factor correction of greater than or equal to 90%
WO1996022007A1 (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-07-18 Yeong Choon Chung Electronic starter for fluorescent lamp
DE19522675A1 (en) * 1995-06-22 1997-01-02 Eckerle Ind Elektronik Gmbh Circuit arrangement for igniting a fluorescent lamp
US5736817A (en) * 1995-09-19 1998-04-07 Beacon Light Products, Inc. Preheating and starting circuit and method for a fluorescent lamp
CA2300351A1 (en) * 1999-04-21 2000-10-21 Eric Ngo Fluorescent lamp ballast combined with electronic starter and resonant capacitor for reducing input current

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FR2223932B1 (en) * 1973-03-30 1978-03-10 Radiotechnique Compelec
NL179622C (en) * 1978-06-27 1986-10-01 Philips Nv DEVICE FOR IGNITION AND POWERING AT LEAST A GAS AND / OR VAPOR DISCHARGE TUBE.
DE2924069C2 (en) * 1979-06-15 1982-05-13 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Circuit arrangement for igniting and operating a gas and / or vapor discharge lamp

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DE1952697B2 (en) * 1968-10-21 1972-07-20 N.V. Auco, Wijchen (Niederlande) DEVICE FOR ELECTRONIC IGNITION OF GAS DISCHARGE LAMPS

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DE3173854D1 (en) 1986-03-27
EP0054301A1 (en) 1982-06-23
US4460848A (en) 1984-07-17
DE3047289A1 (en) 1982-07-29
JPS57124895A (en) 1982-08-03

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