EP0048190B1 - Antenne réseau non dispersive, et son application à la réalisation d'une antenne à balayage électronique - Google Patents

Antenne réseau non dispersive, et son application à la réalisation d'une antenne à balayage électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0048190B1
EP0048190B1 EP81401310A EP81401310A EP0048190B1 EP 0048190 B1 EP0048190 B1 EP 0048190B1 EP 81401310 A EP81401310 A EP 81401310A EP 81401310 A EP81401310 A EP 81401310A EP 0048190 B1 EP0048190 B1 EP 0048190B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
array
primary
antenna
network
dispersive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81401310A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0048190A1 (fr
Inventor
Michel Dudome
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0048190A1 publication Critical patent/EP0048190A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0048190B1 publication Critical patent/EP0048190B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0018—Space- fed arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a network antenna and more particularly to an antenna of this type which is non-dispersive and has a small footprint.
  • non-dispersive array antenna is meant an antenna for which the direction of maximum radiation is practically independent of the frequency.
  • the present invention also relates to the application of such an antenna to the production of an electronic scanning antenna.
  • Network antennas are known which meet the characteristic of non-dispersivity and we can cite a so-called candlestick network antenna for which the feed path divides and each new feed path thus obtained is connected to radiating elements capable of constitute basic sources according to the terminology used in network antennas.
  • Such an antenna structure which includes a certain number of magic Tees or dividers, is complex to say the least, cumbersome, and risks being heavy and of a high cost price.
  • Another non-dispersive antenna structure which comprises a supply guide to which are coupled, by means of directional couplers, guides supplying elementary sources, the assembly being such that the electrical lengths of each circuit of supply from an elementary source are equal.
  • This antenna structure although less bulky than the first cited, has the defect of being complicated from the point of view of its mechanical production which, from a large number of elementary sources, of the order of a hundred , again results in some annoying bulk.
  • non-dispersive antennas can also be cited, in particular active lenses and reflective arrays which are supplied with free space by means of a simple primary source.
  • these antennas have the disadvantage of a longitudinal bulk equal to the focal length of the system which is large; on the other hand, there is a risk of overflow of the primary radiation on the periphery of the network which can produce annoying diffuse radiation.
  • Non-dispersive network antenna Another embodiment of a non-dispersive network antenna has been proposed by the Applicant in its French patent application No. EN 77 073 31 which consists of a first dispersive network supplying a second network whose general direction makes a certain angle with the first, feeding the second network by the first by propagation in free space.
  • FIG. 1 represents this prism array antenna of the prior art in which 1 is the linear dispersive primary array, a simple slotted guide supplied by its end 2 with its other end closed on an absorbent load 3.
  • An absorbent panel 8 can be provided on the third side of the triangle, absorbing the reflected radiation linked to the active coefficient of the networks.
  • the secondary network 4 also linear, makes an angle a with the primary network.
  • this secondary network is a double-sided network, the faces of which consist of radiating elements of the horn 5 and 6 type. Between the two faces of the secondary network are phase-shifters 7, which for the example described, have a fixed value each, the set of phase shifts according to a linear law from the first phase shifter to the last.
  • This law is such that the wave radiated by the secondary network has a direction of radiation perpendicular to said network. It follows that the phase shift to which the wave supplying the secondary network is subjected has the effect of compensating for the phase law produced by the oblique incidence on the secondary network of the primary radiated wave, thus determining a law on the secondary network. stationary phase.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of this antenna also falling within the prior art.
  • the network is formed by a number of slot guides 91 to 9n similar to guide 1 in FIG. 1, each comprising the same number of slots 10. All of these guides are fed in parallel by one of their ends, by a channel 11 Phase shifters 12 of the electronic type, for example, are provided to allow electronic scanning with this antenna, in elevation, in a vertical plane perpendicular to the plane of the figure.
  • the secondary network IV is constituted by a panel 13 comprising a certain number of radiating elements which are, in the described case, rotary propellers 14 powered by dipoles 15.
  • the use of rotary propellers makes it unnecessary to interpose phase shifters between the two sides of the network IV.
  • the third face of the trihedron is an absorbent panel 16.
  • An electronic scanning antenna such as that which has been described has the advantages of being aperiodic at first order and to present no mask effect or overflow.
  • the optimization of the non-dispersivity of the pointing as a function of the frequency is not carried out for all the sites scanned. Indeed, during a site depointing, the propagation of the wave between the primary network 1 and the secondary network IV no longer takes place rigorously in the site reference plane, which corresponds to a plane perpendicular to both the plane formed by the primary network I, in the plane formed by the secondary network IV and in the plane formed by the panel 16, but in an inclined plane of the value of the angle of elevation considered.
  • differences in electrical length are created for the waves propagating between the two networks, differences which are no longer compensated for by the secondary network.
  • An object of the invention is to remedy this drawback.
  • a non-dispersive array antenna comprising a directional primary array constituted by a superposition of one-dimensional primary arrays, each supplied through a phase shifter, a secondary array in the form of a panel comprising elementary sources on the internal faces and external of the panel, with passive phase shifters introduced between the two faces, the secondary network making an angle a with the primary network, and an absorbing panel closing the defined angle between the two networks, is characterized in that the wave propagation between the primary and secondary networks are carried out in space guided by parallel planes arranged in such a way that they materialize the antenna as a stack of a plurality of elementary non-dispersive one-dimensional antennas, for each of which the propagation between the primary network and the secondary network is guided.
  • a so-called prism antenna can be produced in a one-dimensional form and in a two-dimensional form, the latter making it possible to carry out an electronic scanning of the space.
  • the main characteristic of these antennas is that the direction of the maximum radiation is practically independent of the frequency, this characteristic being linked to the fact that the primary and secondary networks which constitute this antenna form between them an angle a which can be chosen and determined optimally. so that the phase of the wave supplying the secondary network is stationary, the propagation between the primary network and the secondary network taking place in free space.
  • This value of the angle a as a function of the direction of radiation 0 0 of the primary network at the frequency fo is given by the formula in which for the frequency fo, Ko (Z) is the propagation constant in the space between the networks, whether this propagation is free or guided, that is to say that in free space, Ko (Z) takes a value Ko and in guided space, Ko (Z) takes the value Kgo, except in the case where the polarization vector is vertical and then Ko (Z) is equal to Ko, and Ko (R1) is the propagation constant in the guide that constitutes the primary network.
  • This formula is identical to that given for the embodiment according to the prior art for which the propagation takes place in free space.
  • FIG. 3 represents a one-dimensional array antenna according to the invention. This figure is not very different from that of Figure 1 so that the elements common to the two figures have the same references.
  • the primary network 1 supplied by its end 2, the other end being closed by an absorbent load 3, the secondary network 4 with for radiating sources in the case of the figure, propellers 6 supplied on the internal face of the network 4 by the dipoles 5.
  • propellers 6 supplied on the internal face of the network 4 by the dipoles 5.
  • the use of propellers makes it possible to suppress the stage of phase shifters between the internal face and the external face of the secondary network 4.
  • An identical plate is located on the side of the lower opening which is not visible in FIG. 3.
  • a compact module has been produced, usable as such as a one-dimensional non-dispersive array antenna.
  • such a module is used to constitute an element of a two-dimensional array antenna, such an antenna being constituted by a stack of a plurality of these elements. Produced in this way, such an antenna no longer exhibits the drawback indicated in the case of electronic scanning.
  • the two-dimensional antenna by a stack of modules, as they have been defined previously and described in support of FIG. 3, modules in which the propagation is guided, it can be seen that at level of each module, that is to say at the level of the elementary horizontal array antennas in the example described that they constitute, the phase shift introduced by the phase shifter, disposed at the input of the feed guides of an antenna elementary, is fully retransmitted to the secondary network so that for the entire antenna the phase law applied to these phase shifters is fully transmitted in the site map at the output of the secondary network.
  • FIG. 4 represents a two-dimensional array antenna according to the invention, a representation which does not differ much from the representation of FIG. 2 where the propagation between the primary or input and the secondary or output linear networks takes place in free space. Under these conditions, the parts common to the two figures bear the same references.
  • panel I a network consisting of a certain number of slot guides 91 to 9n each with the same number of slots 10.
  • the input of each of these guides comprises a phase shifter, the assembly of which is identified by 12 and power is supplied by a guide 11.
  • the electronic phase shifters 12 allow electronic scanning to be carried out in a vertical plane perpendicular to the plane of the figure.
  • the secondary IV network is constituted by a panel 13 comprising a certain number of radiating elements, rotary propellers for example 14 supplied by dipoles 15.
  • An absorbent panel 16 is provided to complete the trihedron that constitutes this two-dimensional network antenna.
  • This antenna structure is completed by parallel planes 18 which materialize, inside the two-dimensional array antenna, the elementary array antennas or modules conforming to FIG. 3, in which the propagation is guided.
  • the polarization of the transmitted waves is of horizontal or vertical type; on the other hand, the polarization of the wave leaving the secondary network can be arbitrary, depending only on the radiating elements.
  • the primary network has been considered as a slotted guide supplied by a traveling wave.
  • the slots are arranged on the short or the long side of the guide.
  • the primary network can equally well be a network composed of radiating elements coupled in some way with a supply line.
  • This line can be a guide but also a line produced by any photogravure process, that is to say deposited on a dielectric substrate, as in the slit line, two-wire line, microstrip, triplate technologies.
  • the radiating elements if they have a plane geometry, can also be etched on this same dielectric. These elements can be quarter-wave strands, dipoles, half or whole wave, yagis, zigzag, periodic log, lines with flared radiating slits.
  • FIG. 5 represents an embodiment in slot line technology with couplers 19 and flared lines 20 and FIG. 6 an embodiment in microstrip technology with couplers 19 and dipoles 21.
  • the elements internal and external to the output network can be made up of any type of radiating elements photograved or not.
  • the polarization emitted on the two faces of the secondary network remains the same, all of the radiating elements of this secondary network with passive phase shifters interposed between them can be achieved by metallization of a single dielectric plate.
  • the photo-etched elements are the same as those designated for the primary network.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP81401310A 1980-09-09 1981-08-17 Antenne réseau non dispersive, et son application à la réalisation d'une antenne à balayage électronique Expired EP0048190B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8019413 1980-09-09
FR8019413A FR2490026A1 (fr) 1980-09-09 1980-09-09 Antenne reseau non dispersive et son application a la realisation d'une antenne a balayage electronique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0048190A1 EP0048190A1 (fr) 1982-03-24
EP0048190B1 true EP0048190B1 (fr) 1985-01-30

Family

ID=9245766

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81401310A Expired EP0048190B1 (fr) 1980-09-09 1981-08-17 Antenne réseau non dispersive, et son application à la réalisation d'une antenne à balayage électronique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4356497A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0048190B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3168637D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2490026A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3224545A1 (de) * 1982-07-01 1984-01-05 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Gruppenantenne
GB8317938D0 (en) * 1983-07-01 1983-08-03 Emi Ltd Antenna
EP0186455A3 (en) * 1984-12-20 1987-11-25 The Marconi Company Limited A dipole array
GB2171257A (en) * 1984-12-20 1986-08-20 Marconi Co Ltd A dipole array
US4939527A (en) * 1989-01-23 1990-07-03 The Boeing Company Distribution network for phased array antennas
FR2667198B1 (fr) * 1990-09-21 1993-08-13 Applic Rech Electro Ste Reseau directif pour radiocommunications, a elements rayonnants adjacents et ensemble de tels reseaux directifs.
US5488380A (en) * 1991-05-24 1996-01-30 The Boeing Company Packaging architecture for phased arrays
US5276455A (en) * 1991-05-24 1994-01-04 The Boeing Company Packaging architecture for phased arrays
US10297924B2 (en) * 2015-08-27 2019-05-21 Nidec Corporation Radar antenna unit and radar device

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3045237A (en) * 1958-12-17 1962-07-17 Arthur E Marston Antenna system having beam control members consisting of array of spiral elements
US3524188A (en) * 1967-08-24 1970-08-11 Rca Corp Antenna arrays with elements aperiodically arranged to reduce grating lobes
US3631503A (en) * 1969-05-02 1971-12-28 Hughes Aircraft Co High-performance distributionally integrated subarray antenna
US3803621A (en) * 1971-12-20 1974-04-09 Gen Electric Antenna element including means for providing zero-error 180{20 {11 phase shift
US3978484A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-31 Collier Donald C Waveguide-tuned phased array antenna
US4010474A (en) * 1975-05-05 1977-03-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Two dimensional array antenna
US4044360A (en) * 1975-12-19 1977-08-23 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Two-mode RF phase shifter particularly for phase scanner array
IE45198B1 (en) * 1976-06-05 1982-07-14 Wyeth John & Brother Ltd Guanidine derivatives
FR2383530A1 (fr) * 1977-03-11 1978-10-06 Thomson Csf Antenne reseau non dispersive et son application a la realisation d'une antenne a balayage electronique
FR2400781A1 (fr) * 1977-06-24 1979-03-16 Radant Etudes Antenne hyperfrequence, plate, non dispersive, a balayage electronique
US4187507A (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-02-05 Sperry Rand Corporation Multiple beam antenna array

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4356497A (en) 1982-10-26
DE3168637D1 (en) 1985-03-14
FR2490026B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-10-01
FR2490026A1 (fr) 1982-03-12
EP0048190A1 (fr) 1982-03-24

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