EP0046114B1 - Dispositif de perforation pour sondages - Google Patents

Dispositif de perforation pour sondages Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0046114B1
EP0046114B1 EP81401265A EP81401265A EP0046114B1 EP 0046114 B1 EP0046114 B1 EP 0046114B1 EP 81401265 A EP81401265 A EP 81401265A EP 81401265 A EP81401265 A EP 81401265A EP 0046114 B1 EP0046114 B1 EP 0046114B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
charge
charges
perforation apparatus
carrier
perforation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81401265A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0046114A1 (fr
Inventor
Alain Pottier
Pierre Chesnel
Bernard Chaintreau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Schlumberger NV
Schlumberger Ltd USA
Original Assignee
Societe de Prospection Electrique Schlumberger SA
Schlumberger NV
Schlumberger Ltd USA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8017723A external-priority patent/FR2488648A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8102547A external-priority patent/FR2499621A2/fr
Application filed by Societe de Prospection Electrique Schlumberger SA, Schlumberger NV, Schlumberger Ltd USA filed Critical Societe de Prospection Electrique Schlumberger SA
Publication of EP0046114A1 publication Critical patent/EP0046114A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0046114B1 publication Critical patent/EP0046114B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to perforation devices for the production of boreholes and more particularly to a hollow charge device of the semi-recoverable type.
  • the semi-recoverable perforating devices comprise an elongated support along which fixed encapsulated hollow charges directed radially are fixed.
  • the assembly is lowered in a borehole to the depth where it is desired to perforate the casing and, after firing, the support and, if necessary, the parts of envelopes of charges which have remained fixed to the support, are brought up to the surface.
  • the parts of the envelopes broken by the explosion constitute debris which remains in the borehole but this quantity of debris is limited thanks to the recovery of the support.
  • the supports used are often in the form of an elongated bar comprising fixing holes intended to receive the loads.
  • Such devices are described, for example, in United States Patent No. 2,756,677 (J.J. McCullough).
  • J.J. McCullough For certain applications it is desirable to make perforations of large diameter and in large numbers.
  • Such an application is for example the preparation of a tubing producing area for the constitution of a gravel screen (gravel pack).
  • the object of the invention relates to a perforation device in a borehole which is particularly desirable for producing a high density of perforations of large diameter with regular distribution.
  • the object of the invention also relates to a perforation device whose load carrier is particularly simple and robust.
  • a disadvantage of known devices of the semi-recoverable type is the large amount of debris left in the borehole after firing. Indeed, the explosion breaks into fragments almost all of the envelopes of charges leaving on the support only the part of these envelopes, fixed in the support. This drawback is particularly troublesome in the case of devices with a high charge density.
  • Another object of the invention is to reduce the amount of debris obtained with such a perforating device.
  • a perforation device for soundings comprises: an elongated support formed by a series of sections with planar faces angularly offset around the longitudinal direction and pierced with longitudinally spaced fixing holes and explosive charges having sealed envelopes fixed in the fixing holes with their axes substantially perpendicular to the planar faces. Electrically controlled detonation means are connected to the charges for their ignition.
  • Each support section has two fixing holes spaced, longitudinally, by a distance less than the maximum diameter of a load perpendicular to its axis, and the envelopes of the loads have rear parts of reduced diameter adapted to engage in the holes of fixing for mounting two loads in opposite radial directions on each of said sections.
  • the support is formed by a tube which is successively crushed edge to edge in predetermined radial directions to form the sections with planar faces.
  • the detonation means comprise an electrically controlled detonator to detonate two detonating cords respectively connected one to a first series comprising a charge from each section and the other to a second series comprising the other charge from each section.
  • the two cords are ignited simultaneously thanks to an explosive relay and possibly synchronized by other explosive relays.
  • each load comprises a metal body offering sufficient resistance for fixing and a cover made of a brittle material, for example ceramic.
  • the rear part of the body of the charges has a slot for the passage of the ignition cord.
  • each load envelope is made of spun steel having sufficient resistance in the direction of the axis of the load and less resistance perpendicular to this axis so that for the most part the bodies of the loads open under the effect of the detonation while remaining attached to said support by their rear part after firing.
  • each spacer comprises a reinforced annular part adapted to receive this rear part.
  • the spacer comprises a transverse part adapted to be inserted in the passage passage of the cord when the rear part of a load envelope is placed in the spacer, in order to reduce the volume. of sounding fluid inside the annular part while ensuring a suitable transmission of the explosion of the cord to the load thanks to a good application of this cord against the envelope of the load.
  • a perforation device 11 suspended from the end of a cable 12 is shown in a borehole 13 coated with a casing 14 which passes through formations 15.
  • a perforation device 11 produced for this result is fixed to a conventional cable head 16 by means of a detector 17 of casing joints making it possible to pinpoint the depths.
  • the perforation device comprises an upper head 18, an adapter 20, one (or more) connection member 21, one (or more) support 22 for loads 23 and a lower end piece 24.
  • the upper head 18 of cylindrical shape carries a thread 26 allowing its attachment to the lower end of the detector 17 of casing joints.
  • An electrical connector 27 mounted in an isolated and sealed manner in the axis of the head is connected at its lower part to an insulated conductor 28.
  • the head 18 is fixed for example by screws 30 to the adapter 20 formed by a sleeve 31 eccentrically welded to a plate 32. Lateral reinforcements 33 are welded between the sleeve 31 and the plate 32. It is preferable that the head 18 is eccentric in the borehole so that the joint detector 17 is close to the wall of the casing 14 and thus provide a better signal.
  • the plate 32 is connected to the support 22 by the connection member 21.
  • connection member 21 shown in more detail in FIG. 3, is formed of two half-shells 35 and 36 fixed to each other by screws 37.
  • Each half-shell (for example 35) is formed by a segment of angle iron whose wings are rounded and on which is welded a spar 40 of square section so that the two half-shells after mounting allow angular movement limited between the head 18 and the support 22.
  • Each half-shell further comprises a transverse projection 41 on which can be fixed a detonating cord or an explosive relay and the electrical conductors.
  • the support 22 also shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, comprises a series of sections with planar faces angularly offset by 90 ° around the longitudinal direction AA '.
  • Each section (see Figure 4) is pierced with two fixing holes 44-45 longitudinally spaced to receive the rear of the loads.
  • Each fixing hole such as 44 has two transverse flats 46, 47 and two oblique flats 48, 49 to prevent the corresponding load from rotating about its axis.
  • the distance d between the centers of the two fixing holes 44 and 45 of a section is much less than the maximum diameter of a load taken perpendicular to its axis in order to allow a high density of loads.
  • the loads are then mounted with opposite directions on either side of each section.
  • the holes 44 and 45 are as close together as possible, while leaving between them a minimum metal strip sufficient to allow good fixing of the loads.
  • the distance d was approximately 2 cm for charges of diameter approximately 5 cm, the metal strip left between the two holes being 8 mm wide.
  • the support 22 ( Figure 5) is made from a steel tube of suitable diameter (4 cm in the example above) crushed in two radial directions so as to form the sections successive planar faces. To do this, place the tube under a press to crush a section with a force of about 100 tonnes and then advance the tube a section length, by rotating it 90 ° around its axis before crushing the next section. The fixing holes are then cut by punching.
  • a first detonating cord 62 is placed (FIG. 2A) in the slots 60 of a first series of charges formed by the upper charge of each section, and a second detonating cord 63 in the slots 60 of a second series of loads comprising the other (lower) load of each section.
  • Each detonating cord (62-63) is arranged helically around the support and extends downward to an explosive relay 64.
  • the explosive relay 64 connected via another detonating cord 65 to a detonator 66 a for the purpose of simultaneously firing the two cords 62 and 63.
  • the detonator 66 has two electrical firing wires 67 and 68 connected upwards along the support 22, one to the insulated conductor 28 and the other to a second conductor 70 connected to ground.
  • the detonator 66, the detonating cords, and consequently all of the charges 23 are ignited by sending a suitable electric current between the connector 27 and the ground via the cable 12.
  • the firing takes place from the bottom up. Indeed, with a reverse firing direction, a partial failure of the device would result in a stack of debris on the lower loads not pulled, which could jam the device in the casing when it is brought to the surface.
  • connection members 21 In order to obtain perforations over a long length, several supports 22 can be fixed end to end by connection members 21. In order for the detonation of the two cords 62 and 63 to remain simultaneous, there is interposed at each connection member 21 a explosive relay which, at the start of each support 22, synchronizes the detonation of these two cords.
  • the support 22 is fixed to the lower end piece 24 by a connecting member 71 identical to the member 21 of FIG. 3.
  • the end piece 24 is constituted by a tube 72 crushed at its upper part to present a flat connecting section 73 adapted to be placed in the connecting member 71.
  • Windows 74 are cut from the tube and a plug 75 is welded at its lower end.
  • Three rods 76 are welded at their ends to the top and bottom of the tube 72 so that their middle parts are distant from the axis and center the bottom of the device in the casing.
  • the detonator 66 is placed inside the tube 72.
  • Each load 23 shown in more detail in Figures 6 and 7 comprises a metal body 52 and a ceramic cover 53 mounted in leaktight manner on the body.
  • the body is made of metal to be securely attached to the support.
  • the cover is made of sintered alumina to be split into small debris by explosion.
  • the body 52 of axis B.B 'contains an explosive bar 50, the front face of which is hollowed out in the shape of a cone covered with a metallic coating 51.
  • the body 52 comprises a rear part 56 (or foot) of reduced section connected to a cylindrical front part 55 by a frustoconical part 54.
  • the foot 56 whose section is complementary to that of the fixing holes, has two opposite flats 57, 58
  • In the foot 56 are cut a slot 60 for the passage of a detonating cord and a transverse hole 61 adapted to receive a locking pin.
  • the slot 60 which extends as far as the frustoconical part 54 is inclined at approximately 45 ° relative to the plane of the flats 57, 58.
  • the body is produced by spinning, that is to say by plastic deformation of a steel cylinder under the action of a punch moved by a suitable force in the direction of the axis of the body.
  • This spinning is carried out so as to produce a body having an anisotropic mechanical resistance, that is to say a better resistance in the direction of the axis B.B 'of the load than perpendicular to this axis.
  • the body 52 breaks along longitudinal lines and expands while deviating from the axis but remains attached to the foot 56 as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the steel used must have sufficient strength and malleability so as not to break into pieces under the effect of the explosion. Good results have been obtained with slightly brittle steels such as XC 32F, XC 18F and 20 MB5. Appropriate heat treatments can improve the desired qualities of the steel chosen.
  • a perforation device as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B is suitable for a given series of casings such as, for example, casings with an outside diameter of 17.8 cm (7 inches).
  • casings such as, for example, casings with an outside diameter of 17.8 cm (7 inches).
  • the same support 22 is used but the loads 23 are mounted on this support by means of spacers to reduce the distance between the casing and the front side of the loads.
  • Such a spacer 80 represented in FIGS. 8 and 9 comprises an annular part 81 reinforced in thickness, in which the foot 56 fits with a load envelope, and a rear part 82 of reduced cross section complementary to that of the holes fixing 44 or 45 of the support 22.
  • the annular part 81 has a transverse hole 83 adapted to receive a locking pin 85 (FIG. 10) for fixing the foot 56 of a load in the spacer.
  • the rear part 82 has a transverse hole 84 adapted to receive a locking pin 86 for fixing the spacer on the support 22.
  • a transverse part 87 is produced which is adapted to be inserted in the slot 60 for passage of the detonating cord, when the foot of an envelope is placed in the spacer 80.
  • the face before this part transverse maintains the detonating cord over its entire length at the bottom of the slot 60, thus ensuring proper transmission of the detonation of the cord to the charge explosive bread.
  • the presence of this transverse part 87 minimizes the volume of fluid inside the spacer. Without this transverse part, the spacer would contain a large volume of fluid filling the slot 60 for passage of the cord. This fluid would then transmit the explosion to the walls of the spacer at the risk of bursting the latter and losing in the borehole the foot of the load envelope. In large boreholes, where these spacers are necessary, the above embodiment therefore makes it possible to considerably reduce the amount of debris left in the borehole.
  • the embodiment which has just been described can obviously be the subject of numerous variants without however departing from the scope of the invention.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
EP81401265A 1980-08-12 1981-08-06 Dispositif de perforation pour sondages Expired EP0046114B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8017723 1980-08-12
FR8017723A FR2488648A1 (fr) 1980-08-12 1980-08-12 Dispositif de perforation pour sondages
FR8102547 1981-02-10
FR8102547A FR2499621A2 (fr) 1981-02-10 1981-02-10 Dispositif de perforation pour sondages

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0046114A1 EP0046114A1 (fr) 1982-02-17
EP0046114B1 true EP0046114B1 (fr) 1984-05-02

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ID=26221947

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81401265A Expired EP0046114B1 (fr) 1980-08-12 1981-08-06 Dispositif de perforation pour sondages

Country Status (14)

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US (2) US4393946A (xx)
EP (1) EP0046114B1 (xx)
AR (1) AR230478A1 (xx)
AU (1) AU542939B2 (xx)
BR (1) BR8105085A (xx)
CA (2) CA1166564A (xx)
DE (1) DE3163394D1 (xx)
EG (1) EG15404A (xx)
ES (1) ES504589A0 (xx)
IE (1) IE51385B1 (xx)
MX (1) MX150909A (xx)
NO (1) NO158825C (xx)
OA (1) OA06881A (xx)
SU (1) SU1195915A3 (xx)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU542939B2 (en) 1985-03-28
EG15404A (en) 1988-03-30
US4393946A (en) 1983-07-19
ES8206737A1 (es) 1982-08-16
NO158825C (no) 1988-11-02
IE51385B1 (en) 1986-12-10
BR8105085A (pt) 1982-04-20
US4496008A (en) 1985-01-29
SU1195915A3 (ru) 1985-11-30
AU7361781A (en) 1982-02-18
DE3163394D1 (en) 1984-06-07
IE811712L (en) 1982-02-12
ES504589A0 (es) 1982-08-16
MX150909A (es) 1984-08-15
EP0046114A1 (fr) 1982-02-17
NO158825B (no) 1988-07-25
OA06881A (fr) 1983-04-30
NO812604L (no) 1982-02-15
AR230478A1 (es) 1984-04-30
CA1166954A (en) 1984-05-08
CA1166564A (en) 1984-05-01

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