EP0046046A1 - Convertisseur d'énergie - Google Patents

Convertisseur d'énergie Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0046046A1
EP0046046A1 EP81303546A EP81303546A EP0046046A1 EP 0046046 A1 EP0046046 A1 EP 0046046A1 EP 81303546 A EP81303546 A EP 81303546A EP 81303546 A EP81303546 A EP 81303546A EP 0046046 A1 EP0046046 A1 EP 0046046A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conversion unit
power conversion
pistons
primary
auxiliary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81303546A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Colin Richard Edwin Read
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Winder Controls Hydraulics Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Winder Controls Hydraulics Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Winder Controls Hydraulics Pty Ltd filed Critical Winder Controls Hydraulics Pty Ltd
Publication of EP0046046A1 publication Critical patent/EP0046046A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/02—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis with wobble-plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/0002—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F01B3/0005—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/06—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for pumps

Definitions

  • a power conversion unit which includes
  • first cylinder defining means may define a plurality of primary cylinders and each primary piston has one auxiliary piston associated therewith.
  • the primary pistons and auxiliary pistons may be aligned parallel with one another and in one configuration may be axially aligned with one another.
  • the primary pistons and their associated auxiliary pistons may be in one piece with one another or, alternatively, may be connected to one another by a connecting member.
  • the connecting member may be the constraining means to which both the primary pistons and their associated auxiliary pistons are connected.
  • the primary pistons and their associated auxiliary pistons may have the same cross-sectional dimensions or may have different cross-sectional dimensions.
  • the constraining means may be a wobble plate to which the primary pistons and their associated auxiliary pistons are connected.
  • the wobble plate may be non-rotationally mounted on a shaft extending centrally from the wobble plate and which is rotatable, in use, by the wobbling action of the wobble plate due to reciprocating displacement of the primary pistons.
  • the primary pistons and/or the auxiliary pistons may be connected to the wobble plate by universal joints.
  • the power conversion unit may include restraining means to restrain rotation of the wobble plate.
  • the restraining means may be a restraining arm secured to the wobble plate and fixed relative to the wobble plate.
  • the wobble plate may define gear formations and the restraining means is a restraining gear which is fixed relative to the wobble plate and can engage the gear formations on the wobble plate to restrain rotation thereof.
  • the restraining gear may have a solid body which defines the second cylinder defining means.
  • the rotatable shaft of the wobble plate may be supported in bearings located relative to the first and second cylinder defining means and may serve as a mechanical power take-off.
  • the power conversion unit may include a flywheel mounted on the rotatable shaft. Also, the power conversion unit may include a valve inlet arrangement and a valve outlet arrangement for controlling the passage of an expanding fluid into and out of the primary cylinders.
  • the expanding fluid may be a combustible fuel
  • the unit may include means to initiate the combustion of the fuel within the primary cylinders.
  • the means to initiate the combustion of fuel may be a spark ignition means.
  • the primary pistons and the primary cylinders may accordingly form an effective internal combustion engine.
  • the valve arrangements may be operable by a camshafi which is rotatably connected to the rotatable shaft.
  • the camshaft may be connected to the rotatable shaft via a gear arrangement and may operate the valve arrangements via a rocke arrangement.
  • the power conversion unit may further include a distributor to control operation of the spark ignition means, the distributor being operable from the rotatable shaft.
  • the constraining means may be a swashplate rotatable about its owr axis and may be engaged by the primary and the auxiliary pistons.
  • the swashplate may be mounted on a shaft, which shaf may be parallel to the axis of the pistons.
  • the primary pistons and their associated auxiliary pistons may be connected together by a connecting member and the connecting member may have a groove therein defined between two opposing slipper pads which slippe pads engage opposing peripheral edges of the swashplate.
  • the shaft of the swashplate may include balancing weights to reduc energy losses resulting from constraining of the motion of the pistons by the swashplate as well as a flywheel for the same purpose.
  • the power conversion unit may include a conduit arrangement through which hydraulic fluid can be conveyed in a controlled manner to and from the cylinders in which the auxiliary pistons are displaceable.
  • the conduit arrangement may include connector means for connection to a hydraulic fluid supply and to a hydraulic power take-off.
  • conduit arrangement may form a part of a hydraulic circuit which hydraulic circuit may be a closed circuit.
  • the hydraulic circuit may further incorporate a hydraulic motor operable by hydraulic power provided by the operation of the auxiliary pistons on a hydraulic fluid to provide mechanical power.
  • the hydraulic motor may be a variable displacement type motor and more particularly may be a swashplate motor in which the angle of the swashplate is adjustable.
  • the power conversion unit may include control means for controlling the hydraulic power output of the auxiliary pistons.
  • the control means may be adapted to control the flow of hydraulic fluid displaced by the auxiliary pistons to thereby control the hydraulic power output of the auxiliary pistons.
  • a power conversion unit which includes a first cylinder defining means defining primary cylinder;
  • the invention also extends to a power unit which includes a power conversion unit in accordance with the invention and which is associated with a hydraulic circuit an ⁇ a hydraulic motor included in the hydraulic circuit for providing mechanical power.
  • a power conversion unit in accordance with the invention, is generally indicated by the reference numeral 10.
  • the unit 10 includes a main body 12 within which cylinders 14 are defined.
  • Primary pistons 16 are reciprocably displaceable within the cylinders 14, displacement of the pistons 16 taking place in accordance with the internal combustion principle by burning a combustible fuel in the cylinders 14.
  • Each piston 16 is connected to a wobble plate 18, the wobble plate 18 being mounted on a shaft 20 in a non-rotational manner.
  • the pistons 16 are peripherally spaced on the wobble plate 18, the pistons 16 being spaced an equal radial distance from the centre of the wobble plate 18 and the peripheral spacing between adjacent pistons 16 also being equal.
  • the connection of the pistons 16 to the wobble plate 18 is effected via piston rods 21, the rods 21 being connected to the piston heads 22 by means of a gudgeon pin 24 and universal joint as shown and to the wobble plate 18 via universal spherical joints 26.
  • auxiliary pistons 28 On the opposite side of the wobble plate 18, directly opposing each primary piston 16 in an axially aligned manner, there are provided auxiliary pistons 28.
  • the pistons 28 are reciprocably displaceable in auxiliary cylinders 30 defined in an auxiliary body 32, forming a part of the power conversion unit 10 and which may form an integral part of the main body 12.
  • the auxiliary pistons 28 are connected to the primary pistons 16 via the wobble plate 18, universal joints 34 at opposite ends of piston rods 36 connecting the piston heads 38 of the pistons 28 to the wobble plate 18.
  • the auxiliary pistons 28 are adapted to act on an hydraulic fluid such as oil, when being reciprocably displaced as is hereinafter described.
  • the shaft 20, onto which the wobble plate 18 is mounted is rotatably mounted via two sets of bearings 40 within the main body 12. It will thus be understood that by the reciprocal displacement of the primary pistons 16, and with the wobble plate 18 secured against rotation, the plate 18 will be forced to wobble about the axis of the shaft 20, the wobbling action of the plate 18 then causing rotation of the shaft 20. As is shown in Figure 2 the wobble plate 18 is mounted onto the shaft 20 by means of bearings 42, permitting the shaft 20 to rotate while the wobble plate 18 cannot rotate. To provide an even wobbling action of the plate 18, the reciprocating action of the pistons 16 are regulated so that their reciprocating strokes occur in an alternate order which enhances the wobbling action of the plate.
  • the shaft 20 extends through the body 12 and has a gear arrangement 44 mounted thereon whereby a camshaft 46 is rendered rotatable for operating a valve arrangement 48 whereby the fuel supply to the cylinders 14 can be controlled as well as the exhaust of combusted fuel from the cylinders.
  • the actual operation of the valve arrangement 48 is equivalent to that of conventional internal combustion engines, opening and closing of the valves being controlled by rockers 50 which are actuated by the rotation of the camshaft 46.
  • the speed of rotation of the camshaft 46 is controlled by the gear arrangement 44 which includes a pair of bevel gears 52 and a set of mitre gears 54 as shown to provide.the required rotation of the camshaft 46.
  • the shaft 20 further has a flywheel 56 mounted thereon to enhance the regular rotation of the shaft 20 and to minimize the shock effects which the reciprocating motion of the pistons 16 have on the wobble plate 18.
  • a distributor 58 is further mounted on the shaft 20 from which spark plugs 61 are actuated to ignite fuel in the cylinders 14 when required.
  • the pistons 28 can thus be made to act on a hydraulic fluid, such as oil, thus providing hydraulic fluid under pressure and, in effect, hydraulic energy.
  • a hydraulic fluid such as oil
  • the cylinders 30 can thus be connected to a hydraul circuit for use of the hydraulic energy, such a circuit being described with reference to Figure 5.
  • th unit 66 shown therein and its parts are the same as for the unit described above with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
  • the gear arrangement 68 comprises involute gear formations 70 defined on the wobble plate 18, and a restraining gear 72, which is fixed relative to the wobble plate 18 and which can engage the formations 70 upon wobbling of the plate 18 to restrain rotation thereof.
  • the restraining gear 72 may also define the auxiliary body 32 within which the auxiliary cylinders 30 are defined.
  • the auxiliary pistons 28 are not aligned with the primary pistons 16 but are positioned closer to the centre of the wobble plate 18. In this manner, the stroke of the auxiliary pistons 28 are reduced to a more acceptable stroke with a view to generating hydraulic power. By the positioning of the pistons 28, the hydraulic power output is thus controllable. In this configuration, the pistons 28 are secured directly to the wobble plate 18, again by universal joints (not shown clearly in the drawing).
  • a unit 66 with a gear arrangement 68 is again provided to restrain rotation of the wobble plate 18 and the auxiliary pistons 28 are again placed nearer the centre of the wobble plate 18 than the pistons 16.
  • a rotatable port plate 74 is provided at the outlet ends of the cylinders 30. By different positioning of the plate 74, different sized apertures 76 can be aligned with the outlet openings (not shown) from the cylinders 30 and in this way the hydraulic fluid output from the cylinders can'be restrained and thus the hydraulic power output controlled.
  • a power conversion unit 78 is shown which is equivalent to that shown in Figures 1 and 2 except that the wobble plate 18 is replaced by a rotatably mounted swash plate 80.
  • the swash plate 80 is disposed between opposing slipper pads 82 defining the free ends of the piston rods 21 and 36 of the pistons 16 and 28 respectively.
  • the slipper pads 82 further form a part of a connecting membe l 84 joining together the pistons 16 and 28.
  • Such rotation of the swash plate 80 occurs as a result of the displacement of the pistons 16 whicl acts upon the swash plate 80 and forces it to be slidably displaced in a rotational manner between the slipper pads 82.
  • the shaft 84 is equivalent to the shaft 20 onto which the above described wobble plate 18 is mounted.
  • the shaft 84 further has balancing weights 83 and a flywheel 85 mounted thereon to reduce energy losses resulting from constraining of the motion of the pistons by the swash plate 80.
  • the conversion units 10, 66, 78 provides hydraulic power and can be associated with a hydraulic circuit in which such hydraulic power is employed.
  • the hydraulic circuit 90 includes a hydraulic fluid distributor 92 which includes control means for controlling the supply of hydraulic fluid to the cylinders 30. Fluid supplied to these cylinders is hence pumped under pressure again via the distributor 92 to a hydraulic motor 94 forming part of the hydraulic circuit 90.
  • the hydraulic motor 94 has a mechanical energy take-off in the form of, for example, a drive shaft 96 thus providing mechanical energy, while the hydraulic fluid is again returned to the distributor 92.
  • the mechanical energy from the drive shaft 96 may be used for driving a vehicle or for any other suitable purpose.
  • the distributor 92 may be rotatably mounted and may have an inlet 98 for receiving hydraulic fluid and outlets 100 for supplying hydraulic fluid to the fluid inlets 60 of the cylinders 30.
  • the distributor may also include a suitable drain port for draining hydraulic fluid from the circuit when necessary. The distributor.92 can thus effectively replace the , port plate 74 described with reference to Fiaure 4.
  • the hydraulic motor 94 may be a swash plate motor in which the angle of its swash plate is adjustable.
  • the mechanical energy output from the motor 94 can hence be adjusted by the operation of the distributor 92 to control fluid flow and by adjustment of the angle of the swash plate of the hydraulic motor 94.
  • the above adjustments thus permit an infinite output variation from the motor 94 in terms of the drive shaft speed of rotation and the torque supplied by the shaft within design limits of the hydraulic motor. Additional adjustment can also be provided by adjustment of the swash plate angle of the swash plate 80 described with reference to Figure 5.
  • the power conversion unit 10 and hydraulic circuit 90 thus provide a complete power unit which applicant believes can be operated very economically and efficiently due to relatively few moving parts and the infinite adjustment thereof so that it can always be operated under optimum conditions for specific requirements.
  • the conversion unit 10, 66, 78 provides a very compact unit for providing hydraulic power. Also, in all the above embodiments, it will be noted that the same principle of reducing side forces on the pistons 16, 28 applies, the pistons being either axially aligned or acting along parallel lines. It is thus the axial displacement of these pistons that provide for the wobbling action of the wobble plate 18 or rotation of the swash plate 80, whereby the displacements of the pistons 16 , 28 are constrained.
  • the above effective reduction in side forces significantly reduce friction and permit weight saving designs of the pistons, and the applicant believes that the overall efficiency of the unit 10, 66, 78 can thus be beneficially effected.
  • the circular arrangement of the pistons 16 of the effective internal combustion engine also permits a compact and weight saving design which may be beneficial.
  • the number of pistons can be increased for additional power output. It will further be understood that the invention can be performed in various other configurations still employing the basic principles defined in this specification.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
EP81303546A 1980-08-01 1981-08-03 Convertisseur d'énergie Withdrawn EP0046046A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA804699 1980-08-01
ZA804699 1980-08-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0046046A1 true EP0046046A1 (fr) 1982-02-17

Family

ID=25574851

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81303546A Withdrawn EP0046046A1 (fr) 1980-08-01 1981-08-03 Convertisseur d'énergie

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0046046A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5762901A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2711189A1 (fr) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-21 Peugeot Ensemble moteur-variateur hydraulique pour véhicule automobile.
WO2011054333A1 (fr) * 2009-11-03 2011-05-12 Franz Forster Ensemble d'entraînement comportant un moteur à combustion interne à pistons axiaux et un mécanisme d'entraînement hydrostatique dans une construction d'axe autoportante
CH703399A1 (de) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-13 Suter Racing Technology Ag Taumelscheibenmotor.
DE102010027001A1 (de) 2010-07-13 2012-01-19 Franz Forster Antriebseinheit mit Axialkolbenbrennkraftmotor, Verdrängerpumpe und innerhalb der Motorkolben angeordneten Verdrängerkolben
DE102010051299A1 (de) 2010-11-12 2012-05-16 Franz Forster Axialkolbenbrennkraftmotor mit als Tandemkolben ausgebildeten Motorkolben und damit verbundenen Verdrängerkolben
CN107524519A (zh) * 2017-10-24 2017-12-29 青岛大学 一种斜盘飞轮机构机械‑电力双元动力发动机

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20020066374A (ko) * 2001-02-09 2002-08-16 윤진목 사판 엔진

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE187256C (fr) *
FR542789A (fr) * 1922-08-21
GB223555A (en) * 1923-10-15 1925-10-01 Crankless Engines Ltd Improvements in engines using swash plate driving gear
GB355384A (en) * 1930-05-30 1931-08-27 Bramson Mogens Louis Improvements in internal combustion engines using wobbler or swash-plate driving gear
FR1228588A (fr) * 1958-06-03 1960-08-31 Electraulic Presses Ltd Pompe ou moteur hydraulique à pistons axiaux
GB852552A (en) * 1958-03-14 1960-10-26 United Engines Ltd Fluid pressure power transmission units embodying internal combustion engines
FR1256064A (fr) * 1960-02-03 1961-03-17 Hispano Suiza Lallemant Soc Perfectionnements apportés aux machines à pistons, notamment aux pompes, du type à barillet
US3263513A (en) * 1962-10-31 1966-08-02 Girodin Marius Georges Henri Wabbler mechanism
FR2131241A5 (fr) * 1971-10-25 1972-11-10 Renould Christian
FR2390581A1 (fr) * 1977-05-12 1978-12-08 Seca Generateur de debit de fluide sous pression

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE187256C (fr) *
FR542789A (fr) * 1922-08-21
GB223555A (en) * 1923-10-15 1925-10-01 Crankless Engines Ltd Improvements in engines using swash plate driving gear
GB355384A (en) * 1930-05-30 1931-08-27 Bramson Mogens Louis Improvements in internal combustion engines using wobbler or swash-plate driving gear
GB852552A (en) * 1958-03-14 1960-10-26 United Engines Ltd Fluid pressure power transmission units embodying internal combustion engines
FR1228588A (fr) * 1958-06-03 1960-08-31 Electraulic Presses Ltd Pompe ou moteur hydraulique à pistons axiaux
FR1256064A (fr) * 1960-02-03 1961-03-17 Hispano Suiza Lallemant Soc Perfectionnements apportés aux machines à pistons, notamment aux pompes, du type à barillet
US3263513A (en) * 1962-10-31 1966-08-02 Girodin Marius Georges Henri Wabbler mechanism
FR2131241A5 (fr) * 1971-10-25 1972-11-10 Renould Christian
FR2390581A1 (fr) * 1977-05-12 1978-12-08 Seca Generateur de debit de fluide sous pression

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2711189A1 (fr) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-21 Peugeot Ensemble moteur-variateur hydraulique pour véhicule automobile.
WO2011054333A1 (fr) * 2009-11-03 2011-05-12 Franz Forster Ensemble d'entraînement comportant un moteur à combustion interne à pistons axiaux et un mécanisme d'entraînement hydrostatique dans une construction d'axe autoportante
CH703399A1 (de) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-13 Suter Racing Technology Ag Taumelscheibenmotor.
DE102010027001A1 (de) 2010-07-13 2012-01-19 Franz Forster Antriebseinheit mit Axialkolbenbrennkraftmotor, Verdrängerpumpe und innerhalb der Motorkolben angeordneten Verdrängerkolben
DE102010051299A1 (de) 2010-11-12 2012-05-16 Franz Forster Axialkolbenbrennkraftmotor mit als Tandemkolben ausgebildeten Motorkolben und damit verbundenen Verdrängerkolben
CN107524519A (zh) * 2017-10-24 2017-12-29 青岛大学 一种斜盘飞轮机构机械‑电力双元动力发动机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5762901A (en) 1982-04-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4174684A (en) Variable stroke internal combustion engine
EP0676009B1 (fr) Machine volumetrique pour fluides equipee de pistons sans bielles
US7040263B2 (en) Piston engine assembly
US5165368A (en) Internal combustion engine with variable compression ratio
US7185578B2 (en) Piston assembly
RU2293186C2 (ru) Поршневая машина с вращающимся цилиндром
EP2066889B1 (fr) Moteur à combustion interne à pistons opposés amélioré
US10240525B2 (en) Variable compression ratio connecting rod system with rotary actuator
US6460450B1 (en) Piston engine balancing
SI9520149A (en) Axial piston rotary engine
US7219631B1 (en) High torque, low velocity, internal combustion engine
US6837141B1 (en) Polyphase hydraulic drive system
EP0046046A1 (fr) Convertisseur d'énergie
US4966109A (en) Hydraulic connecting rod
US3301244A (en) Piston stroke control mechanism
US4796514A (en) Rotary/linear convertor
US3695146A (en) Hydrostatic motor or pump and hydrostatic transmissions
US5133306A (en) Horizontally opposed internal combustion engine
US6637313B1 (en) Rotary pump
US2379119A (en) Internal-combustion engine
CA2161794A1 (fr) Moteur a combustion interne et pistons connexes
WO1994010442A1 (fr) Machine volumetrique pour fluides equipee de pistons sans bielles
DE3207344A1 (de) Sternmotorkompressor mit x und dreieckhubkolbenstangenfuehrungen am gekoppelten planetentriebwerk
US3353493A (en) Continuously variable hydraulic transmissions
RU2187665C2 (ru) Двигатель внутреннего сгорания

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19820730

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19831025

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: READ, COLIN RICHARD EDWIN