EP0044783B1 - Procédé de fabrication des essieux-axes - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication des essieux-axes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0044783B1
EP0044783B1 EP81401142A EP81401142A EP0044783B1 EP 0044783 B1 EP0044783 B1 EP 0044783B1 EP 81401142 A EP81401142 A EP 81401142A EP 81401142 A EP81401142 A EP 81401142A EP 0044783 B1 EP0044783 B1 EP 0044783B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axle
blank
forging
producing
heated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81401142A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0044783A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean Cambuzat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FRANCAISE DES ACIERS SPECIAUX Cie
Original Assignee
FRANCAISE DES ACIERS SPECIAUX Cie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FRANCAISE DES ACIERS SPECIAUX Cie filed Critical FRANCAISE DES ACIERS SPECIAUX Cie
Priority to AT81401142T priority Critical patent/ATE4293T1/de
Publication of EP0044783A1 publication Critical patent/EP0044783A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0044783B1 publication Critical patent/EP0044783B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/10—Making machine elements axles or shafts of cylindrical form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K7/00—Making railway appurtenances; Making vehicle parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the manufacture of axle-axles, in particular of railway rolling stock, by forging in a die, in all cases where these axle-axles terminate at each of their two ends by cylindrical or conical parts, called rockets, the average diameter of which is less than the largest diameter of the axle or axis under consideration.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid all of these drawbacks of the known methods by using a hot forging process by pushing back, which no longer proceeds at all by drawing, but on the contrary by pushing back the middle parts and sumultaneous spinning of the end parts of a heated blank, so that this process results in a single operation of compressing the blank in a closed die.
  • the subject of the present invention is a method of manufacturing the axle-axles, in particular of railway rolling stock, by forging in a matrix a heated blank with a diameter less than the largest diameter of the axle to be manufactured, characterized in that at least part of the blank is heated to a temperature between 1100 ° and 1300 ° C, and preferably close to 1260 ° C, in that the axle-axle has two spindles, and in that the forging comprises a simultaneous operation of pushing back the middle parts of the axle-axle and spinning of at least one of the two spindles, this simultaneous operation being carried out by a movement towards the center of the axle-axis of at least one ring forming part of the matrix, this movement being produced by a single press stroke.
  • the forging by discharge-spinning is carried out in a matrix of which all the parts are fixed, in two successive press strokes, at the rate of one press stroke for each of the two transverse halves of the axle-axle, the two press strokes being separated by intermediate heating and handling.
  • the forging by discharge-spinning of a complete axle-axle is carried out in a single press stroke, the body of the axle-axle remaining fixed, while the die has two rings of mobile rockets, which shape by spinning the two rockets and the two deflector staves, and by simultaneous repression the setting staves.
  • the blank is heated as a whole to the same temperature, preferably between 1,100 ° and 1,300 ° C, and more particularly close to 1,260 ° C.
  • the blank undergoes a differential differential heating.
  • the parts of the blank intended to form the intermediate stave bearings receiving or the brake discs or the gear wheels are heated to a temperature between 1,200 ° C and 1,300 ° C, and preferably close to preferably close to 1,260 ° C.
  • induction heating To heat the blank in the process according to the invention, and especially if it is a differential differential heating, it is preferable to use induction heating.
  • the blank is constituted by a laminated and peeled round bar before heating.
  • It can also consist of a square bar with rounded angles, or a bar with an ogival cross section, that is to say a square bar with curved faces, and peeled before heating.
  • the process of forging by pushing-spinning of the axle-axles according to the invention can be carried out either on a vertical forging press or on a horizontal forging press. Strictly speaking, the direction of forging could even be oblique, but this has no practical advantage.
  • each part of the die is effectively lubricated individually, whatever the direction of forging.
  • the present invention has major advantages over known methods of forging or rolling axles.
  • the quality of the result obtained is independent of a greater or lesser reliability of a control system, since it is the geometric profile of the parts of the matrix, which is predetermined with great precision, which imposes the dimensions of the axle thus produced.
  • the blank can be cylindrical, which simplifies the preparation.
  • the axle manufactured by the process according to the invention does not require deburring, since it has no burrs.
  • the variants of the method according to the invention which use a differential differential heating, for example by induction, make it possible to achieve a significant energy saving compared to the complete heating of the blank.
  • the invention therefore has multiple advantages.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show differential heating temperature curves stepped for each of the two halves of the axle C.
  • axles A, B, C shown in the figures can be manufactured according to the invention under identical forging-forging conditions, the only differences being of a geometrical order, in particular for the parts constituting the body and the number of axle setting spans.
  • the induction heating of the second half of the blank 1 is carried out after having surrounded the first half already forged by a protective envelope 6.
  • the applied thermal profile is shown at 7 in FIG. 5. It is symmetrical to that of FIG. 4. After which the second press stroke is carried out.
  • the middle part of the blank 8 is clamped between the two semi-cylindrical halves 9 and 10 of the matrix, which on the other hand have two recesses at 11 and 12, of diameter adapted to the dimensions to be obtained for the two stalls.
  • two mobile rocket rings 13 and 14, of suitable profile are arranged at each end of the blank.
  • the forging by discharge-spinning according to the invention consists in pushing the mobile rocket rings 13 and 14 (FIG. 6) up to 13 'and 14' (FIG. 7) in two successive press operations, or in a single operation, so that the two rockets are obtained by spinning, while the two setting ranges are obtained by delivery, spinning and delivery occurring simultaneously.
  • Figures 9, 10 and 11 show schematically the same operations for the forging by discharge-spinning of an axle with cylindrical-biconical body, type B.
  • the only difference with the above is that the two halves 16 and 17 of the matrix have, in their middle part, a cylindro-biconical profile, and no longer a cylindrical profile.
  • Figures 12, 13 and 14 also schematize the same operations for the forging by discharge-spinning of an axle with 4 type C chock spans. The only difference lies in the fact that the two halves 18 and 19 of the matrix comprise two additional setting spans and no longer a cylindrical or cylindro-binonic profile.
  • table I gives the dimensions, in diameter and in length, of the completely finished axle, of the raw forging axle before machining according to known forging methods, and of the 'gross forging axle according to the invention before machining.
  • Table II gives the same dimensions for a type B axle.
  • Table III gives the same dimensions for a type C axle.
  • the blank has a core of suitable diameter made of silica, or any other poor refractory product, whose coefficient of expansion relative to that of the axle steel is such that, at 1260 ° C, its adhesion with the blank is good without being excessive, and that, at ambient temperature, its elimination presents no difficulty.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
EP81401142A 1980-07-22 1981-07-20 Procédé de fabrication des essieux-axes Expired EP0044783B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81401142T ATE4293T1 (de) 1980-07-22 1981-07-20 Verfahren zur herstellung von achsen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8016107A FR2487232A1 (fr) 1980-07-22 1980-07-22 Procede de fabrication des essieux-axes
FR8016107 1980-07-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0044783A1 EP0044783A1 (fr) 1982-01-27
EP0044783B1 true EP0044783B1 (fr) 1983-07-27

Family

ID=9244382

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81401142A Expired EP0044783B1 (fr) 1980-07-22 1981-07-20 Procédé de fabrication des essieux-axes

Country Status (15)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0044783B1 (ko)
JP (1) JPS5752543A (ko)
KR (1) KR850000296B1 (ko)
AT (1) ATE4293T1 (ko)
AU (1) AU555552B2 (ko)
BR (1) BR8104551A (ko)
CA (1) CA1170024A (ko)
DD (1) DD201981A5 (ko)
DE (1) DE3160703D1 (ko)
ES (1) ES503804A0 (ko)
FR (1) FR2487232A1 (ko)
HU (1) HU189985B (ko)
MX (1) MX155937A (ko)
PL (1) PL232305A1 (ko)
ZA (1) ZA814381B (ko)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0272067A3 (en) * 1986-12-18 1990-05-09 Stelco Inc. Process and apparatus for upset forging of long stands of metal bar stock
KR20040027238A (ko) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-01 (주)동양레어메탈 차축 하우징 주강품 제작방법
NL1031425C2 (nl) * 2006-03-22 2007-09-25 Weweler Nv Optrompen van een aslichaam.
BRPI0704944A8 (pt) * 2007-11-30 2017-08-15 V & M Do Brasil S/A Eixo forjado de tubo sem costura para veículos ferroviários e processo de fabricação de eixo forjado de tubo sem costura para veículos ferroviários
FR2926739B1 (fr) * 2008-01-24 2010-08-20 Vallourec & Mannesmann Tubes Essieu forge a partir de tube sans soudure pour des vehicules de chemin de fer et du procede de fabrication d'essieu forge a partir de tube sans soudure pour des vehicules de chemin de fer
CN101314202B (zh) * 2008-06-02 2010-04-21 江阴振宏重型锻造有限公司 局部镦粗全纤维镦锻生产风电主轴的方法
CN103878289A (zh) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-25 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 一种卧工字形台阶轴的模锻方法
CN106216964B (zh) * 2016-08-24 2018-08-24 江苏金源高端装备股份有限公司 一种锤杆锻造工艺
CN109396749B (zh) * 2017-08-16 2021-04-27 苏州扬坤电子有限公司 一种吸尘器驱动轴包胶组件镦挤工艺
EP3778967B1 (en) * 2018-04-04 2023-05-03 Nippon Steel Corporation Railway axle
EP3778969B1 (en) * 2018-04-04 2023-05-03 Nippon Steel Corporation Railway axle
CN109985910B (zh) * 2019-04-12 2020-07-03 安徽马钢和菱实业有限公司 一种薄壁挂车车轴增厚轴肩区域轧前加热方法
CN111167986B (zh) * 2020-02-26 2022-02-01 建龙北满特殊钢有限责任公司 一种利用径锻机改善辊坯网状的锻造方法
CN114749876B (zh) * 2022-05-20 2022-10-28 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 一种Ti2AlNb合金大型异形机匣环件的制备方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2273931A (en) * 1939-07-27 1942-02-24 Clarence P Byrnes Forging
US2313116A (en) * 1940-09-12 1943-03-09 Pittsburgh Steel Co Method of making tubular axles
FR1016457A (fr) * 1950-04-19 1952-11-13 Forges De Collonges Procédé de forgeage centré en particulier pour axes de pédaliers et moyeux de cycles et similaires
FR1026688A (fr) * 1950-10-30 1953-04-30 Procédé d'obtention d'axes de pédalier de cycle
FR2382288A1 (fr) * 1977-03-03 1978-09-29 Sofomec Procede de forgeage a froid d'axes de pedaliers, les moyens de mise en oeuvre et les axes executes selon ce procede

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU555552B2 (en) 1986-10-02
EP0044783A1 (fr) 1982-01-27
KR850000296B1 (ko) 1985-03-18
ES8300530A1 (es) 1982-11-01
ES503804A0 (es) 1982-11-01
JPS5752543A (en) 1982-03-29
HU189985B (en) 1986-08-28
ATE4293T1 (de) 1983-08-15
BR8104551A (pt) 1982-04-06
MX155937A (es) 1988-05-25
FR2487232A1 (fr) 1982-01-29
KR830005927A (ko) 1983-09-14
DE3160703D1 (en) 1983-09-01
PL232305A1 (ko) 1982-03-15
ZA814381B (en) 1982-07-28
AU7311781A (en) 1982-01-28
DD201981A5 (de) 1983-08-24
FR2487232B1 (ko) 1983-05-27
CA1170024A (fr) 1984-07-03

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