EP0042101B1 - Roof-truss comprising a tension member - Google Patents

Roof-truss comprising a tension member Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0042101B1
EP0042101B1 EP81104254A EP81104254A EP0042101B1 EP 0042101 B1 EP0042101 B1 EP 0042101B1 EP 81104254 A EP81104254 A EP 81104254A EP 81104254 A EP81104254 A EP 81104254A EP 0042101 B1 EP0042101 B1 EP 0042101B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ridge
roof
truss
rafters
ridge beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81104254A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0042101A2 (en
EP0042101A3 (en
Inventor
Leif Urban Fraenki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FRAENKI, LEIF URBAN
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0042101A2 publication Critical patent/EP0042101A2/en
Publication of EP0042101A3 publication Critical patent/EP0042101A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0042101B1 publication Critical patent/EP0042101B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/17—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/18—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with metal or other reinforcements or tensioning members

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction art. More particularly, the invention relates to a roof-truss comprising a tension member between the two rafters of the roof-truss.
  • a construction in order to roof large spans, a construction is often used formed as a three-jount frame or arch, where the horizontal component of the bearing reaction is taken up by one or more tension members.
  • This construction is usual with frame members both of steel and of glued laminated timber but in its original form it cannot take up upwardly directed loads.
  • the British Patent Specification No. 593 422 discloses a triangulated frame or truss comprising three completely separate members held or braced together solely by a bolt in tension between the apex and the base or transverse member.
  • the side members are provided with pins or other abutments engaging the transverse member to prevent lateral separation of the side members from the transverse member when the bolt is tightened up.
  • the object of this previous invention is to provide a simple, strong and robust triangular frame or truss which may be simply and quickly assembled and dismantled but it does not solve the significant problems involved particularly in roofing large spans.
  • US Patent Specification 2 688 167 Another construction in this art is disclosed in US Patent Specification 2 688 167, according to which a pair of identical cheek plates are engaged under the ridge of the roof and secured to the rafters by means of bolts.
  • the US Patent Specification 2 688 167 aims to provide a frame structure the component parts of which may be standardised and which can be easily and quickly erected on the building site but does not aim at solving the significant problems involved in roofing large spans.
  • the object of the invention is to offer a ridge jointing which permits moment-rigid junction at the building site.
  • a ridge jointing bridges the ridge join between the two rafters by means of a transverse ridge beam which has a length amounting to 5 to 20% of the span of the roof truss and which is connected to the ridge by a substantially vertical tie, which comprises separate members which individually or in groups tie the ridge beam to the ridge at each side of a vertical plane through the ridge line.
  • the ridge beam which may appropriately have a length of up to 5-20%, preferably 10-15% of the span of the roof-truss, normally abut against the rafters without a statically effective connection in the unloaded state.
  • the ridge jointing gives the roof-truss substantially a rigidity corresponding to that which would have been obtained with a continuous frame construction.
  • Negative moments are thus transferred to the ridge beam and from there, via the abutment of the ridge beam against the rafters, to the rafters, as a result of which the positive field moment in the rafters is reduced.
  • negative moments are also obtained in the ridge beam, according to the invention, that is to say the same effect as with downwardly directed loading.
  • the favourable result of this feature is that, inter alia, there is only a minor horizontal component on the wall columns and that compressive forces can be transferred into the roof-truss as a result of which the building can be stabilized as a result of the fact that only the columns at one side need to be braced.
  • prestressed ridge jointing which is of interest primarily when upwardly directed wind forces determine the dimensions of the construction and it is desired to use a ridge jointing, which is over-strong for downwardly directed loads, to further reduce the dimensions or deformations of the rafters.
  • the building section shown in Fig. 1 may, for example, consist of a section in a sports stadium, warehouse or industrial building or the like. Similar constructions may be considered, however, for smaller buildings and for other building work than house buildings.
  • the roof-truss according to the invention is designated to general in Fig. 1 by the numeral 1. As can be seen from the Figure, it has a low profile. According to the form of embodiment, the incline of the roof is 14°.
  • the main parts of the roof-truss 1 consist of a pair of rafters 2, 3 which form the frame or arch of the construction, a tension member 4, and a ridge jointing generally designated by 5.
  • the rafters 2, 3 consist of glued laminated timber beams.
  • the tension member 4 hangs from the rafters 2, 3 from wires 6.
  • battens 7 Transversely to the incline of the roof there are laid battens 7 which, in conventional manner, connect the roof- trusses of the building while at the same time they constitute a support for the roof covering 8.
  • the ends of the rafters 2, 3 rest against wall columns 9, 10 and are secured against lifting forces in the vertical direction and against horizontal forces in the lateral direction by plates 11, Fig. 4.
  • a supporting beam 12 for a stand is shown in Fig. 1 to illustrate the use of the roof-truss for example for sports stadiums where the supporting beam 12 stabilizes the whole building via the column 9 and roof-truss 1.
  • the ground level is designated by 13.
  • the tension member 4 consists of four steel bars 4a-d arranged as the corners in a rectangle, Fig. 3.
  • the bars 4a-d are surrounded by a bracket, the ends of which are united to the supporting wire 6.
  • a bolt to support the upper steel bars passes through the bracket.
  • the tension bars 4a-d extend, at the ends, past the foot portions of the two rafters 2,3 and through an end plate 15 which is disposed at each end and which bears against the short end of the respective rafter 2, 3.
  • the ends of the tension bars 4a-d are threaded and nuts 16 complete the bolting.
  • the ridge jointing 5 shown in detail in Fig. 2 comprises a horizontal ridge beam 17 which is very short in comparison with the span of the roof-truss 1.
  • the length of the ridge beam 17 is only 12% of the span of the roof-truss 1.
  • the two upper edges of the ridge beam 17 are bevelled so that contact surfaces 18 are obtained which abut against the under side of the rafters 2, 3.
  • mounting aids are provided in form of long bolts 19 which extend through each end portion of the ridge beam 17 at right angles to the contact surfaces 18 and up through the rafters 2 or 3 respectively.
  • the parts can be screwed together by means of nuts 20.
  • a loose steel pin 22 in the ridge portion also has a temporary purpose in connection with the assembly.
  • the pin 22 is disposed loosely in horizontal holes 23 which extend into each rafter in the region in front of the contact surface 24 of the rafter in the ridge.
  • the end surface of one rafter 3 is recessed at 25 below and above the contact surface 24.
  • the ridge jointing 5 is further held together mainly by a vertical tie 26 close to the ridge line of the roof-truss. More specifically, the tie 26 consists, according to the form of embodiment, of a bolt connection consisting of six ridge bolts 26a-f with associated nuts 27 as well as one lower 28 and two upper horizontal washer plates 29, 30. The last two ones are associated with the rafters 2 and 3 respectively and can be displaced in relation to one another.
  • the ridge bolts 26a-f extend through vertical holes through the ridge beam 17 disposed symmetrically in relation to a vertical plane through the ridge line.
  • the left-hand ridge bolts 26a-c extend further through vertical through holes in the left-hand rafter 2 adjacent to the end surface of said left rafter 2 facing the end surface of the right-hand rafter 3 and further through the left-hand upper washer plate 29.
  • the three right-hand ridge bolts 26d-f extend in a corresponding manner through the right-hand rafter 3 and the right-hand washer plate 30.
  • a ridge support 31 is also provided as a spacing element between the under side of the roof ridge and the ridge bolt 17.
  • the ridge support 31 has the form of a symmetrical prism with a plane under side and an angled upper side with angles of inclination coinciding with the incline of the roof.
  • the two centre ridge bolts 26c-d extend through vertical holes in the ridge support 31.
  • the holes 32 are so wide that they permit movements of the ridge bolts 26c, 26d as a result of minor angular movements in the ridge members.
  • the roof-truss 1 thus described works in the following manner.
  • the rafters 2, 3 abut without any effective connection against the ends of the ridge beam 17 which is held firmly by the ridge bolts 26a-f secured to the ridge.
  • the moment forces are taken up by the ridge beam 17 via the vertical ridge bolts 26a-f and the contact surfaces 18. This eliminates the joint function in the ridge.
  • the positive field moments in the rafters are reduced, which renders possible a more slender construction.
  • the ridge support 31 serves the purpose of transmitting transverse forces into the system. It thus replaces the ridge securing means previously necessary to take up transverse forces.
  • the roof-truss comprising a tension member according to the invention can be varied within the scope of the idea of the invention as defined in the following claims.
  • the ridge jointing 5 need not necessarily consist of a horizontal ridge beam of glued laminated timber in combination with vertical ridge bolts through the ridge which press the ridge beam against the rafters, and a spacing element in between forming the ridge support.
  • these parts may be replaced, for example, by a welded construction in which the bolts, if desired, may remain as in the illustrated form of embodiment or, for example, be replaced by rod- or plate-members embracing the rafters at each side of the ridge line or are secured by other means, for example by transverse horizontal bolts through the rafters near the end surfaces in the region of the ridge starting from vertical iron members between the ridge beam and the ridge at the outside of the ridge beam and rafters.
  • the frame and the roof-truss 1 are symmetrical. It is also conceivable that one rafter may be longer than the other. In this case, the ridge beam can be disposed inclined whereas in the symmetrical case it may appropriately be horizontal.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
EP81104254A 1980-06-12 1981-06-03 Roof-truss comprising a tension member Expired EP0042101B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8004373 1980-06-12
SE8004373A SE438697B (sv) 1980-06-12 1980-06-12 Takstol med dragband

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0042101A2 EP0042101A2 (en) 1981-12-23
EP0042101A3 EP0042101A3 (en) 1982-01-13
EP0042101B1 true EP0042101B1 (en) 1984-03-21

Family

ID=20341204

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81104254A Expired EP0042101B1 (en) 1980-06-12 1981-06-03 Roof-truss comprising a tension member

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0042101B1 (sv)
DE (1) DE3162771D1 (sv)
DK (1) DK151111C (sv)
FI (1) FI70067C (sv)
NO (1) NO159870C (sv)
SE (1) SE438697B (sv)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2627210A1 (fr) * 1988-02-11 1989-08-18 Antignac Paul Joint de continuite precontraint pour poutres en bois lamelle-colle
FR2677387B1 (fr) * 1991-06-10 1993-10-15 Pascal Waringo Procede de pose d'une toiture et dispositif de levage mis en óoeuvre dans ce procede.
EP3489340A1 (en) 2017-11-28 2019-05-29 Clariant International Ltd Renewably sourced soil release polyesters

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB593422A (en) * 1944-12-19 1947-10-16 Percy Alfred Smith Improved frames or trusses for structures such as roofs of buildings or cloches and cold frames
US2688167A (en) * 1948-12-06 1954-09-07 Win E Wilson Construction of kneed bents
US2637421A (en) * 1949-11-25 1953-05-05 Merl R Wolfard Stabilized beam construction
SE304591B (sv) * 1966-09-16 1968-09-30 S Barkeling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3162771D1 (en) 1984-04-26
FI811805L (fi) 1981-12-13
FI70067C (fi) 1986-09-12
SE8004373L (sv) 1981-12-13
NO159870C (no) 1989-02-15
FI70067B (fi) 1986-01-31
NO159870B (no) 1988-11-07
SE438697B (sv) 1985-04-29
EP0042101A2 (en) 1981-12-23
EP0042101A3 (en) 1982-01-13
DK151111C (da) 1988-03-21
DK151111B (da) 1987-11-02
NO811937L (no) 1981-12-14
DK255381A (da) 1981-12-13

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