EP0040911B1 - Compresseur à plateau oscillant - Google Patents

Compresseur à plateau oscillant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0040911B1
EP0040911B1 EP81301816A EP81301816A EP0040911B1 EP 0040911 B1 EP0040911 B1 EP 0040911B1 EP 81301816 A EP81301816 A EP 81301816A EP 81301816 A EP81301816 A EP 81301816A EP 0040911 B1 EP0040911 B1 EP 0040911B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston head
piston
cylinder bore
swash plate
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81301816A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0040911A1 (fr
Inventor
Byron Lester Brucken
Frank William Hodits, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motors Liquidation Co
Original Assignee
Motors Liquidation Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
Publication of EP0040911A1 publication Critical patent/EP0040911A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0040911B1 publication Critical patent/EP0040911B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0878—Pistons

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a multicylinder swash plate compressor having unitary double-ended piston pairs reciprocable by means of a rotary swash plate in respective aligned metallic cylinder bores located in a pair of metallic cylinder blocks, each piston pair comprising a longitudinally spaced pair of piston heads interconnected by a bridge therebetween, and a solid seal ring of polytetrafluorethylene or other low-friction material mounted in a respective circumferential groove in each said piston head to provide a fluid-tight seal between the respective piston head and the cylinder bore, each piston head having a diametral dimension less than the diametral dimension of the respective cylinder bore, for example as disclosed in our FR-A-2 220 020.
  • solid means non-split
  • the present invention is directed to reducing the size and weight of compressors of the aforesaid general kind, and avoiding compatibility problems arising from the relative sliding of similar materials.
  • a secondary objective is to reduce the criticality of alignment of cylinder bores, particularly where the cylinder block is formed of two end-to-end pieces.
  • the invention is characterised in that an annular clearance space is present between each piston head and its respective cylinder bore, with the seal ring of each piston head providing the sole support of the piston head with respect to the cylinder bore, and metal lands of the piston head on opposite sides of the circumferential groove being thereby prevented from touching the metal of the respective cylinder bore throughout reciprocation of the respective piston head in its bore, and that each seal ring has a thickness dimension at least as great as the clearance space between the respective piston head and its cylinder bore and a longitudinal dimension only slightly less than the longitudinal dimension of the piston head such that, with a relatively short longitudinal dimension of each piston head, the axis of the piston head may, during piston reciprocation, angle slightly with respect to the axis of its cylinder bore without metal-to-metal contact between the piston head lands and the cylinder bore.
  • each piston head Preferably the lands on opposite sides of the circumferential groove of each piston head each have a longitudinal dimension substantially less than the longitudinal dimension of the circumferential groove.
  • Each seal ring may advantageously have a thickness dimension substantially greater than the spacing between the bottom of the circumferential groove and the respective cylinder bore.
  • a useful result of the reduced criticality of the axial alignment of both bores is that the cylinder blocks may be bored individually rather than as assembled pairs.
  • the compressor assembly includes a plurality of die cast aluminum parts, namely a front head 10, a front cylinder block 12 with integral cylindrical case or shell 14, a rear cylinder block 16 with integral cylindrical case or shell 18, and a rear head 20.
  • the front head 10 has a cylindrical collar 21 which telescopically fits over the front end of the front cylinder block shell 14 with both a rigid circular front valve plate 22 of steel and a circular front valve disk 23 of spring steel sandwiched therebetween and with an O-ring seal 24 provided at their common juncture.
  • the rear head 20 has a cylindrical collar 25 which telescopically fits over the rear end of the rear cylinder block shell 18 with both a rigid circular rear valve plate 26 of steel and a circular rear valve disk 27 of spring steel sandwiched therebetween and with an 0-ring seal 28 providing sealing at their common juncture.
  • the rear cylinder block shell 18 has a cylindrical collar 29 at its front end which telescopically fits over the rear end of the front cylinder block shell 14 and there is provided an 0-ring seal 30 to seal this joint in the transversely split two- piece cylinder block thus formed.
  • All the above metal parts are clamped together and held by six (6) bolts at final assembly after the assembly therein of the internal compressor parts later described.
  • the bolts extend through aligned holes in the front head 10, valve plates 22, 26 and valve disks 23, 27 and either alignment bores and/or passages in the cylinder blocks 12, 16, and are threaded to bosses formed on the rear head 20.
  • the heads 10 and 20 and cylinder block shells 14 and 18 have generally cylindrical profiles and cooperate to provide the compressor with a generally cylindrical profile or outline of compact size and short length.
  • the front and rear cylinder blocks 12 and 16 each have a cluster of three equally angularly and radially spaced and parallel thin-wall cylinders 32(F) and 32(R), respectively (the suffixes F and R being used herein to denote front and rear counterparts in the compressor).
  • the thin-wall cylinders 32(F) and 32(R) in each cluster are integrally joined along their length with each other both at the centre of their respective cylinder block 12 and 16 and at their respective cylinder block shell 14 and 18.
  • the respective front and rear cylinders 32(F) and 32(R) each have a cylinder bore 34(F) and 34(R) all of equal diameter and the bores in the two cylinder blocks are axially aligned with each other and closed at their outboard end by the respective front and rear valve disk 23 and 27 and valve plate 22 and 26.
  • the oppositely facing inboard ends of the aligned cylinders 32(F) and 32(R) are axially spaced from each other and together with the remaining inboard end details of the cylinder blocks 12 and 16 and the interior of their respective integral shell 14 and 18 form a central crankcase cavity 35 in the compressor.
  • the three pairs of aligned cylinders are located at or close to the two, six and ten o'clock positions with an upper cylinder in each cylinder block designated 32(A).
  • a symmetrical double-ended piston 36 of aluminum is reciprocably mounted in each pair of axially aligned cylinder bores 34(F), 34(R) with each piston having a short cylindrical front head 38(F) and a short cylindrical rear head 38(R) of like diameter which slides in the respective front cylinder bore 34(F) and rear cylinder bore 34(R).
  • the two heads 38(F) and 38(R) of each piston are joined by a bridge 39 spanning the cavity 35 but are absent any sled runners and instead are completely supported in each cylinder bore by a single solid (non-split) seal-support ring 40 mounted in a circumferential groove on each piston head as described in more detail later.
  • the three pistons 36 are driven in conventional manner by a rotary drive plate 41 located in the central cavity 35.
  • the drive plate 41 commonly called a swash plate, drives the pistons from each side through a ball 42 which fits in a socket 44 on the backside of the respective piston head 38 and in a socket 46 in a slipper 48 which slidably engages the respective side of the swash plate.
  • the swash plate 41 is fixed to and driven by a drive shaft 49 that is rotatably supported and axially contained on opposite sides of the swash plate in the two- piece cylinder block 12, 16 by a bearing arrangement including axially aligned front and rear needle-type journal bearings 50(F), 50(R) and front and rear needle-type thrust bearings 52(F), 52(R).
  • the mass of the swash plate 41 has the characteristic of dynamically balancing the reciprocation of the pistons during rotation of the swash plate.
  • the length of the double-ended pistons 36 has the characteristic of delimiting the minimum length of the compressor and thus the compactness thereof.
  • a commercial compressor of the swash plate type has piston heads with axially extending sled runners for taking the side loads which result from the piston's forced directions of movement by the cylinder bores while the conventional rings mounted thereon serve to seal rather than bear any substantial portion of the side loading.
  • Such sled runners not only contribute to the weight of the pistons and to the length of the pistons and cylinders, they also substantially limit the ability of the pistons to tilt to accommodate any misalignment between the cylinder bores.
  • the heads 38(F), 38(R) of the pistons 36 are made extremely short and without sled runners and are provided with a diametral dimension less than the diametral dimension of their cylinder bores 34(F), 34(R) to provide a space therebetween enabling the seal-support ring 40 between each piston head and its respective bore to be made sufficiently thick for it to provide full radial support of the piston head within its cylinder bore as well as sealing with the metal of the piston head, which is thus not allowed to touch the metal of its respective cylinder bore throughout its reciprocation therein.
  • Each piston head 38(F), 38(R) is provided with a sufficiently short longitudinal or axial dimension along its bore to produce a sufficient circumscribing area on the piston head in juxtaposition with the bore to permit the wear resistance of the seal-support rings 40 to approximate the life of the compressor, while the weight of the piston head is reduced.
  • the pistons have essentially only sufficient material in their bridge 39 to hold the piston heads together during reciprocation so that the weight of the piston is further reduced. With such piston weight reduction, the mass of the swash plate 41 is then reduced by thinning thereof in proportion to such reduction in the piston while still providing dynamic balancing thereof.
  • the above dimensional reductions in turn allow compacting of the compressor outline in the longitudinal (axial) direction.
  • the pistons' solid seal-support rings 40 are made of a slippery (that is, low-friction) material such as polytetrafluorethylene, and are each mounted in a circumferential groove 170(F), 170(R) in the respective piston head 38(F), 38(R) of each piston 36.
  • the piston seal-support rings 40 are provided with a nominal unstressed thickness dimension slightly greater than the width of the radial space between the piston head and its respective bore, and are provided with a nominal unstressed longitudinal (axial) dimension slightly less than the longitudinal (axial) dimension of the piston head.
  • each of the pistons 36 is free to tilt or angle slightly with respect to the paired-cylinder bores therefor. This reduces significantly the criticality of the axial alignment of these bores and thereby increases substantially their manufacturing tolerance, further enabling individual boring of the front and rear cylinder blocks rather than as an assembled pair.
  • each ring with an expanded fit over the end land 172 across substantially its entire width, after which the ring contracts within the piston ring groove 170, with its opposite annular sides or faces 40(A) and 40(B) then assuming inner and outer cylindrical surfaces and with substantial radial pressure existing between the bottom of the piston ring groove 170 and the opposing inner cylindrical side or face 40(B) of the ring.
  • the rings 40 With such rings 40 thus assembled on a piston 36, the rings are then compressed radially inwardly, such as by passing such piston and ring assembly through a cone, so that their outer diameter at side 40(A) is reduced to a dimension equal to or slightly less than the diameter of the cylinder bores 34.
  • the piston 36 with the rings 40 thus squeezed thereon is assembled in its cylinder bores 34(F), 34(R) before the memory of the ring material causes the rings to recover to their original thickness. Then with their memory recovering in the cylinder bores, the rings 40 thereby expand to effect tight sealing engagement therewith as well as prevent relative radial movement between the annular shoulders of the piston ring grooves 170 and the annular edges of the rings in support of the piston head in its cylinder bore.
  • each piston ring groove and ring relationship and assembly in the cylinder bores causes the raised projections 176 on the bottom of each piston ring groove 170 to bite or embed into the inner cylindrical face 40(B) of the rings 40 mounted thereon under the contraction force of the ring and the retained compression thereof by its respective cylinder bore.
  • This bite or embedment is determined to a degree sufficient to anchor the piston against both rotational and longitudinal sliding movement relative to the ring, as maintained by the radial containment of the ring by the cylinder bore in which it slides.
  • the pistons 36 and their rings 40 are positively prevented from rotating or sliding relative to each other, and thereby causing rubbing wear therebetween, for the life of the compressor.
  • a multicylinder swash plate compressor comprising a metallic double-ended piston with pistons heads reciprocatable in aligned metallic cylinder bores, and a solid seal ring of polytetrafluoroethylene or other low-friction material manufactured in the shape of a slightly concave washer and mounted in a respective circumferential groove in each said piston, whereby the seal ring provides a seal between the piston and the cylinder bore, each piston head having a diametral dimension less than the diametral dimension of its respective cylinder bore, and each piston ring groove being romed with a plurality of projections which are spaced about and project outwardly from the bottom of the groove and bite or embed themselves in the underside of the ring mounted thereover, characterised in that the projections formed in each said groove comprise a plurality of raised bars or ridges which are angled to the centerline of the piston and are effective during compressor operation to positively prevent both rotary and longitudinal rubbing movement of the piston in its rings and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Compresseur multicylindres à plateau oscillant comportant des paires de pistons unitaires à deux extrémités (36) déplaçables selon un mouvement de va-et-vient au moyen d'un plateau oscillant rotatif (41) dans des alésages de cylindres métalliques alignés respectifs (34) situés dans une paire de blocs-cylindres métalliques (12, 16), chaque paire de pistons (36) comprenant une paire de têtes de piston (38) longitudinalement espacées reliées par un étrier (39) s'étendant entre elles et une bague d'étanchéité pleine (40) en polytétrafluoréthylène ou autre matériau à faible frottement montée dans un gorge circonférentielle (170) correspondante ménagée dans chaque tête de piston (38) pour procurer une étanchéité aux fluides entre la tête de piston correspondante (38) et l'alésage de cylindre (34), chaque tête de piston (38) ayant un diamètre inférieur au diamètre de l'alésage de cylindre correspondant (34), caractérisé en ce qu'un espacement annulaire est présent entre chaque tête de piston (38) et son alésage de cylindre correspondant (34), la bague d'étanchéité (40) de chaque tête de piston formant le seul support de la tète de piston par rapport à l'alésage de cylindre, des rebords métalliques (172, 174) de la tête de piston de part et d'autre de la gorge circonférentielle (170) étant ainsi empêchés de toucher le métal de l'alésage de cylindre correspondant (34) sur toute la course de la tête de piston correspondante dans son alésage, et en ce que chaque bague d'étanchéité (40) a une épaisseur au moins égale à l'espacement entre la tête de piston correspondante et son alésage de cylindre, et une dimension longitudinale seulement légèrement inférieure à la dimension longitudinale de la tête de piston de sorte que, avec une dimension longitudinale relativement courte de chaque tête de piston, l'axe de la tête de piston puisse, pendant le mouvement de va-et-vient du piston, s'incliner légèrement par rapport à l'axe de son alésage de cylindre sans qu'il y ait contact de métal à métal entre les rebords (172, 174) de la tête de piston et l'alésage de cylindre (34).
2. Compresseur multicylindres à plateau oscillant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les rebords (172, 174) situés de part et d'autre de la gorge circonférentielle (170) ménagée dans chaque tête de piston (38) onto chacun une dimension longitudinale sensiblement inférieure à la dimension longitudinale de la gorge circonférentielle.
3. Compresseur multicylindres à plateau oscillant selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque bague d'étanchéité (40) a une épaisseur sensiblement supérieure à l'espacement entre le fond de la gorge circonférentielle (170) et l'alésage de cylindre correspondant (34).
EP81301816A 1980-05-20 1981-04-24 Compresseur à plateau oscillant Expired EP0040911B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15171180A 1980-05-20 1980-05-20
US151711 1980-05-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0040911A1 EP0040911A1 (fr) 1981-12-02
EP0040911B1 true EP0040911B1 (fr) 1983-09-28

Family

ID=22539938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81301816A Expired EP0040911B1 (fr) 1980-05-20 1981-04-24 Compresseur à plateau oscillant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0040911B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5724471A (fr)
BR (1) BR8103101A (fr)
DE (1) DE3161011D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4790727A (en) * 1987-09-25 1988-12-13 Ford Motor Company Swashplate compressor for air conditioning systems
DE8801897U1 (fr) * 1988-02-13 1988-03-24 Gretsch-Unitas Gmbh Baubeschlaege, 7257 Ditzingen, De
JPH10148180A (ja) * 1996-11-20 1998-06-02 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd 圧縮機におけるハウジングの連結構造
JPH10153170A (ja) * 1996-11-25 1998-06-09 Sanden Corp 斜板式圧縮機のピストン

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135862A (en) * 1975-12-15 1979-01-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB504063A (en) * 1938-02-15 1939-04-19 Automaotive Products Company L Improvements in or relating to piston and like packing devices
US2801139A (en) * 1955-02-07 1957-07-30 Ingersoll Rand Co Piston
US3039834A (en) * 1961-02-27 1962-06-19 Ingersoll Rand Co Piston wear device
DE2122939A1 (de) * 1971-05-10 1972-11-23 Mikuni Jukogyo K.K., Osaka (Japan) Schmiermittelfreier Kolben mit Kolbenring für einen Gaskompressor
US3885460A (en) * 1973-03-02 1975-05-27 Gen Motors Corp Piston ring groove for fluorocarbon seal rings
JPS49129048A (fr) * 1973-04-23 1974-12-10
DD105291A1 (fr) * 1973-06-26 1974-04-12

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135862A (en) * 1975-12-15 1979-01-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0040911A1 (fr) 1981-12-02
BR8103101A (pt) 1982-02-09
DE3161011D1 (en) 1983-11-03
JPS5724471A (en) 1982-02-09

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