EP0039384A2 - Permanent shuttering for ring beams, floor edges and/or lintels - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Lost sheathing for ring beams, ceiling edges and/or lintels, with metal clips (2, 13, 22) having at least two substantially mutually perpendicular portions (5, 6; 14, 16; 23, 25) and multi-layer plates (1, 1a) which have an outer plaster-carrying layer and at least one heat barrier layer and mutually spaced bores (11) which are normal to their support surface and which are of such a size that the respective one portion (6, 14, 23 or 24) of one of the metal clips (2, 13, 22) can be completely inserted, characterised in that, in the region of the bores (11), on their support surface, the multi-layer plates (1, 1a) have recesses (12) which have the height of the thickness of the metal clips and which communicate with the bores (11), and that a respective other portion (5, 15, 25) of the metal clips has a means (7, 3; 17, 18; 26, 21) for securing said portion to a support.

Description

Ring beams or ring anchors on buildings, ceilings and window and door lintels are produced in the usual way with - wooden formwork, which is removed after the concrete has hardened and, if necessary, reused. In order to be able to clean these components on the façade side and to prevent heavy concrete from breaking through during plastering, it is already known to provide plaster beams in the form of plates in such wooden formwork on the facade side insert the concrete vertically. Such plaster base plates consist, for example, of cement-bound Wood wool. It is also already known to use plaster supports of this type which consist of multilayer boards, the layer facing the facade being capable of plastering, while the layer facing the concrete is a thermal barrier coating, such as polystyrene foam.

The production of such components with wooden formwork is extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive, among other things because the components mentioned usually connect to brick walls or door or window openings that do not require any formwork, so that the wooden formwork is used exclusively for the components mentioned, such as Ring beams or lintels must be attached.

The object on which the invention is based was now to obtain formwork for circular beams, ceiling edges and / or lintels, which can be installed much more easily and lead to a substantial saving in work and time. This problem is solved by the lost formwork according to the invention.

This lost formwork according to the invention for ring beams, ceiling edges and / or lintels with multi-layer panels, which have its outer layer of plaster base and at least one thermal insulation layer, is characterized in that it has metal brackets with at least two sections arranged essentially perpendicular to one another, that the multi-layer panels are spaced apart from them The bearing surface has essentially vertical bores or channels which are dimensioned such that in each case one section of one of the metal brackets is practically completely insertable and that another section of the metal bracket has a fastening device. 5

Such lost formwork can be installed quickly, since only the metal bracket with the help of the fastening device on the masonry underneath, roller shutter box or the like at intervals from each other and then the multilayer plates with their holes or channels must be pushed onto the vertical legs of the attached metal bracket. The multi-layer panels, which were also required in the previously used wooden formwork, but were only inserted there, thus serve at the same time as formwork, which is kept at the required distance by means of the easy-to-install metal bracket and fastened to the masonry, roller shutter box or the like underneath. The metal brackets required as the only additional means according to the invention save time and labor, wooden formwork and, if necessary, external scaffold structures.

In order to avoid measuring the distances between the metal brackets, they can be inserted into the holes in the multilayer panels before fastening, whereupon the formwork assembled in this way is then fastened to the masonry or the like underneath using the fastening devices on the metal brackets. If, on the other hand, you first want to attach the metal brackets and then slide on the multilayer plates, it is advisable to make the holes wider than the width of the metal brackets in order to get a game for inserting the metal brackets.

The multilayer boards are, for example, 2 m long in the usual way and for example 24.30 or 36 cm wide. The metal stirrups, which are usually made of steel, are fastened to the masonry or the like, for example, at intervals of 30 cm in accordance with the spacing of the holes in the multilayer panels. The multi-layer panels can only consist of an outer layer of plaster base, for example of cement-bound wood wool or the like, and a conventional thermal insulation layer, for example of polystyrene foam. However, since the thermal insulation layer usually has low strength, it is advisable to use the multilayer board to let ten consist of at least three layers, of which the outer layers have mechanical strength and consist, for example, of cement-bonded wood wool, while there is at least one thermal insulation layer inside between these solid plaster base outer layers. The bores spaced apart from one another are expediently provided in the middle thermal insulation layer. The holes or channels are usually subsequently milled into this layer.

The fastening devices on the metal brackets can be designed differently. They expediently consist of at least one hole in the relevant leg of the metal bracket and a nail to be passed through this hole or a screw or rivet to be passed through the hole, the size of the holes being dimensioned such that the nails, screws or rivets do not slip through them can.

If the lost formwork according to the invention is placed on a brick wall, it is easiest to nail the metal brackets to the masonry through said holes, while expediently screwing or riveting on a roller shutter box or the like.

The metal brackets can have different lengths, widths and thicknesses. The length of the entire metal bracket and the individual legs results from the usual construction standards. The width and thickness of the metal brackets are chosen so that they give the formwork sufficient stability before concreting. For example, the metal bracket can be 2 to 10 mm thick and 20 to 100, such as 40 mm wide. The shape of the metal bracket may vary slightly depending on the specific application within the scope of the features defined above. The metal bracket can consist of solid material or thin-walled metal sheet stabilized by deformation, which saves material.

If the lost formwork according to the invention is intended, for example, for ring beams or lintels or window lintels, the metal brackets expediently have a U-shape with a substantially right-angled transition from the U-legs to the U-web which runs without a curvature, the fastening device being located in the U- Jetty is located. The length of the U-web corresponds to the width of the wall minus twice the distance between the outer surface of the multi-layer panels and the holes in the multi-layer panels. If the multi-layer panels are now pushed onto the metal bracket, their outer surfaces are flush with the wall surfaces.

If, on the other hand, the lost formwork constructed according to the same principle is used for ceiling edges, i.e. H. the edge areas of a room ceiling resting on a building wall, the metal bracket suitably has a Z-shape with an essentially right-angled transition from the Z-legs to the Z-web, the Z-web and the two Z-legs being non-curved. In this case, the fastening devices can be located in the Z-web and / or one of the Z-legs, since in this case a multilayer plate is only placed on the facade side of the wall and the metal bracket is therefore on the top of the masonry and / or on the Side of the masonry attached as can be nailed.

A special version of the U-shaped metal bracket is used for lost formwork, which is also used for the production of lintels or ring beams and ceiling edges arranged above them. For example, such combinations are required above doors, windows or roller shutter boxes where the ceiling is to be made from reinforced concrete at a distance from the door opening or window opening or the roller shutter box, but as an integral unit with the lintels located under these openings or roller shutter boxes.

Metal brackets for this purpose have two U-legs underneath different lengths, wherein the length of the one U-leg substantially to the height of the lintel or the ring beam and the length of the other U-leg beam substantially to the combined height of the lintel or Rin ^g and corresponds to the room ceiling above it.

Since there is a risk that the formwork according to the invention will be bent apart in the upper region due to the required height of the concrete molding, it is expedient in this embodiment to provide an additional stabilizing agent. This is expediently provided in parallel to the U-web with an additional web which is detachably connected to the free end of the shorter U-leg and to the longer U-leg in its central region. This additional web thus stabilizes the formwork by acting as a spacer between the free end of the shorter U-web and the longer U-web. After concreting, it can remain in the concrete or be removable and reusable. It is delivered as a separate part to make it easier to insert the reinforcement into the formwork.

A simple embodiment of this additional web is that it has a preferably hook-shaped pin at one end and a hole at the other end and that the shorter U-leg has a pin that can be inserted into the hole at its free end and the longer U-leg has a hole in its central area, into which the preferably hook-shaped pin of the additional web can be inserted and can be attached by pressing it down.

Such additional webs can also be used in the formwork according to FIG. 1a if the U-legs are longer, such as. B. from 24 cm to make additional stabilization appear appropriate.

In this case, of course, special more must Layered plates are used, which have side openings through which the additional webs can be pushed into the vertical holes. In the case of a hook-like design of the pins on the additional webs, the lateral bores of the multilayer boards must extend beyond the vertical bores in order to enable the additional webs to be hooked into the holes of the longer U-leg, as the following drawing shows.

The multilayer boards can have different structures and consist of different materials, but this is part of the prior art.

• Fig. 1a einen senkrechten Schnitt durch eine verlorene Schalung nach der Erfindung für einen Ringbalken oder Sturz,
• Fig. 1b eine Seitenansicht des in der Schalung gemäß Fig. 1a verwendeten Metallbügels,
• Fig. 1c eine Draufsicht auf den in Fig. 1b dargestellten Metallbügel,
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf einen Teil einer in den erfindungsgemäßen Schalungen verwendeten Mehrschichtplatte,
• Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Mehrschichtplatte,
• Fig. 4a einen senkrechten Schnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform einer verlorenen Schalung nach der Erfindung, und zwar zur Schalung von Raumdeckenrändern,
• Fig. 4b eine seitliche Darstellung des in der Schalung gemäß Fig. 4a verwendeten Metallbügels,
• Fig. 4c eine Seitenansicht des in Fig. 4b gezeigten Metallbügels, von rechts gesehen,
• Fig. 5a einen senkrechten Schnitt durch noch eine andere Ausführungsform einer Schalung nach der Erfindung zur kombinierten Herstellung eines Fenstersturzes und einer Raumdecke,
• Fig. 5b eine Seitenansicht des in der Schalung gemäß Fig. ₁5a verwendeten Metallbügels mit zusätzlichem Steg,
• Fig. 5c eine Seitenansicht des in Fig. 5b dargestellten Metallbügels, von links gesehen,
• Fig. 5d eine Seitenansicht des in Fig. 5b dargestellten Metallbügels, von rechts gesehen,
• Fig. 5e eine Draufsicht auf den in Fig. 5b dargestellten zusätzlichen Steg und
• Fig. 5f eine Seitenansicht des in Fig. 5b dargestellten zusätzlichen Steges.

The drawing shows in

• 1a is a vertical section through a lost formwork according to the invention for a ring beam or lintel,
• 1b is a side view of the metal bracket used in the formwork according to FIG. 1a,
• 1c is a plan view of the metal bracket shown in Fig. 1b,
• 2 is a plan view of part of a multi-layer board used in the formwork according to the invention,
• 3 is a side view of the multilayer board shown in FIG. 2,
• 4a is a vertical section through another embodiment of a lost formwork according to the invention, namely for formwork of room ceiling edges,
• 4b is a side view of the metal bracket used in the formwork according to FIG. 4a,
• 4c is a side view of the metal bracket shown in FIG. 4b, seen from the right,
• 5a is a vertical section through yet another embodiment of a formwork according to the invention for the combined production of a lintel and a ceiling,
• 5b is a side view of the metal bracket used in the formwork according to FIG. ₁ 5a with an additional web,
• 5c is a side view of the metal bracket shown in Fig. 5b, seen from the left,
• 5d is a side view of the metal bracket shown in Fig. 5b, seen from the right,
• Fig. 5e is a plan view of the additional web shown in Fig. 5b and
• Fig. 5f is a side view of the additional web shown in Fig. 5b.

The lost formwork according to the invention shown in Fig. 1a consists of the three-layer multi-layer panels 1 and the U-shaped metal brackets 2, which are attached to the masonry 4 with the aid of a nail 3. The U-shaped metal brackets, which are shown in Fig. 1b and 1c, each have an uncurved U-web 5 and two also non-curved U-legs 6. In the middle of the U-web 5 there is a hole 7 through which the Nail 3 is passed through.

2 and 3, the structure of a preferred embodiment of the multi-layer panels 1 used in the lost formwork according to the invention is shown. These consist of a plaster base outer layer 8, for example of cement-bound wood wool, from a medium heat Insulation layer 9, for example made of rigid polystyrene foam, and an inner stabilizing layer 10, for example again made of cement-bound wood wool.

Bores 11 are provided in the middle layer 9 and have been expediently milled into this layer. At the lower end of the bores, the insulation layer 10 and the middle layer 9 have a recess 12 corresponding to the thickness of the metal bracket 5, each opening in the bore 11. In this way it is achieved that the outside of the multilayer board 1 sits flush on the masonry 4.

The formwork for room ceiling edge areas shown in FIG. 4a consists of Z-shaped metal brackets 13, the Z-legs 14 and 15 of which are connected to one another by the uncurved Z-web 16. In the Z-leg 15 there is a hole 17 as a fastening device, through which a nail 18 is passed and driven into the masonry 19. As in the embodiment described above, the multilayer plates 1 are placed on the Z-legs 14. In addition to the attachment by means of the Z-leg 15 or instead, a hole can also be provided in the Z-web 16 through which a nail or a screw or the like is likewise passed for attachment to the masonry 19.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 5a to 5f is a modification of a lost formwork with U-shaped metal brackets of special design and for a special application. This formwork is used to create a lintel with a ceiling above.

The U-shaped metal bracket 22, the shorter U-leg 23 of which is connected to the longer U-leg 24 via the U-web 25, is fastened on the roller shutter box 20 with the aid of a rivet 21. In the U-web 25 there is a hole 26 through which the rivet 21 is passed.

[At the upper end, the U-leg 23 has a pin 27 which fits into a hole 28 in the additional web 29. This web 29 has at its other end a hook-like pin 30 which can be inserted into a recess 31 of the longer U-leg 24 and can be locked behind the lower edge of the recess 31. For this purpose, the higher multilayer plates 1 a in the area of the vertical bores 11 have lateral bores 32 which extend through the inner layer and the middle layer through to the vertical bores 11 and enlarge in the outer layer 8 such that the hook-like pin 30 behind the lower edge of the recess 31 can be hung.

After hanging, the additional web 29 stabilizes the formwork, which is used in its lower part to produce the lintel, in its part lying above the additional webs 29 to produce the ceiling.

Claims (9)

1. Lost formwork for circular beams, ceiling edges and / or lintels with multi-layer panels which have a plaster base outer layer and at least one thermal insulation layer, characterized in that they have metal brackets (2, 13, 22) with at least two sections (5, 6) arranged essentially perpendicular to one another ; 14, 16; 23, 25) has that the multilayer plates (1) spaced apart from each other, substantially perpendicular to their bearing surface (11), which are dimensioned such that one section (6, 14, 23 or . 24) one of the metal brackets (2, 13, 22) is practically completely insertable, and that another section (5, 15, 25) of the metal bracket has a fastening device (7, 3; 17, 18; 26, 21). 2. Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-layer panels (1, 1a) consist of three layers, of which the middle (9) is the thermal insulation layer and the spaced bores (11). 3. Formwork according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fastening devices (7, 3; 17, 18;, 26,21) of the metal bracket (2, 13, 22) from holes (7, 17, 26) in the relevant Section (5, 15, 25) and nails, screws or rivets (3, 18, 21) that can be passed through the holes. 4. Formwork according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the multilayer panels (1, 1a) in the region of the bores (11) have recesses (12) on their bearing surface, which have essentially the height of the metal bracket thickness and in the bores (11 ) lead to. 5. Formwork according to claim 1 to 4 for ring beams or falls, characterized in that the metal bracket (2; 22) have a U-shape with a substantially right-angled transition from the U-legs (6; 23, 24) to the U-web (5, 25) and the fastening device (7, 3; 26, 21) is in the U-bridge. Formwork according to claims 1 to 4 for ceiling edges, characterized in that the metal brackets (13) have a Z-shape with an essentially right-angled transition from the Z-legs (14, 15) to the Z-web (16) and the fastening device ( 17, 18) is located in the Z-web (16) and / or one of the Z-legs (15). 7. Formwork according to claim 5 for ceiling edges and lintels or ring beams, characterized in that the U-legs (23, 24) have different lengths, the length of a U-leg (23) substantially the height of the lintel or ring beam and the length of the other U-leg (24) corresponds essentially to the combined height of the stub or ring beam and the ceiling. 8. Formwork according to claim 7, characterized in that pa-. parallel to the U-web (25) with the free end of the shorter U-leg (23) and with the longer U-leg (24) in the central region releasably connected additional web (29) is provided. 9. Formwork according to claim 8, characterized in that the additional web (29) with a hole (28) in a pin (27) at the upper end of the shorter U-leg (23) and with a preferably hook-shaped pin (30) can be hung in a hole (31) in the central region of the longer U-leg (24).

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