Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
  • D04H13/02—Production of non-woven fabrics by partial defibrillation of oriented thermoplastics films
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
  • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
  • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
  • A41D13/1107—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape
  • A41D13/1138—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape with a cup configuration
  • A41D13/1146—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape with a cup configuration obtained by moulding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
  • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
  • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
  • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
  • B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
  • D04H1/06—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
  • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
  • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
  • D04H1/482—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with shrinkage
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
  • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
  • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
  • D04H1/485—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with weld-bonding
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics

Definitions

• the invention relates to a new filtration material, to respiratory masks comprising this filtering material and more particularly to respiratory masks -extremely light made of non-woven material and which are used during work in either a vitiated or aseptic atmosphere.
• the nonwovens used for this purpose are felts formed of fibers, or even linear or wavy synthetic microfibers, of circular section, assembled together in a mat, generally by means of a binder, for example by impregnation, by spraying, by padding etc.
• the mattresses of these nonwovens are formed from thermo-retractable fibers (PVC for example) and subjected to a heat treatment. It is taught that the diameter of the pores is substantially equal to that of the fibers making up the mattress. This theory led to the use of microfibers of circular section whose diameter is less than one micron.
• German utility model n ° 7600278 cited above proposes to constitute masks by means of a minimum of three layers, where the intermediate layers being produced in a sheet of extremely fine fibers (polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride or mixtures thereof) obtained by an electrostatic process.
• the filtering material is a non-woven mattress made of fibers having the particularity of being of rec tangular sections whose average titer is of the order of 10 dtex.
• fiber will be reserved for those of circular section while the word “fibril” will identify macrofibers with rectangular section like those obtained by a fibrillation process (for example according to the patent SHELL No. 1545.908 or French patent IT-.F. No. 2,306,818) from a laminated film with two different olefinic components (for example a pair: polypropylene / high density polyethylene homopolymer, or a pair: polypropylene homopolymer / propylene-ethylene random copolymer).
• olefinic components for example a pair: polypropylene / high density polyethylene homopolymer, or a pair: polypropylene homopolymer / propylene-ethylene random copolymer.
• the complex film is divided into a network (of structure analogous to that of expanded metal) by the action of a needle cylinder and that this process leads to fi ⁇ shines of approximately rectangular sections of which the edges are irregular and bearded.
• the heat treatment will initially produce three-dimensional crimping and, secondly, the self-agglomeration of the fibers, without 'it is necessary to use a binder.
• the pore diameters of a traditional nonwoven are therefore necessarily equivalent to the diameter of the fibers of the intermediate bed with, as a corollary, the obligation to use micro-fibers to obtain micropores which can stop micro-particles.
• the pores de ⁇ come from real cells whose dimensions are incomparable with the pores of traditional nonwovens.
• the helical crimp sometimes thwarted for the same fibril, causes totally anarchic intervals to be created, therefore according to a completely random distribution, a cell which can differ from its neighbors depending on the position of the macro-fibrillum sepa- rant those of the "layers" immediately above and below from the case where the macro-fibril is flat, to the case where it is field through all the intermediate orientations.
• the shape and dimensions of the cells are further influenced on the one hand by the fact that helical crimping prohibits the stratification proper to nonwovens of micro-fibers, due to the Timber of the helices in each other ; and on the other hand by the barbs of the edges of the macro-fibrils.
• the acrobatic mattress fibr llaire behaves like a succession of sieves separated by a multitude of relaxation chambers.
• the present invention therefore provides a satisfactory solution to the effectiveness of respiratory masks in order to reach the threshold of 85% and in particular by giving the macro-fibrillar material characteristics suitable for the intended use and in particular by reading , with this material, a mattress intended to be interposed between two shells of traditional nonwoven.
• FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a mask with three shells described as a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• Figure Z is a view similar to Figure 2 showing an improvement.
• the invention is aimed firstly at a filtering material consisting of a felt of three-dimensional curly synthetic macro-fibrils, having an approximately rectangular section and a title of approximately 10 dtex.
• This felt is produced by ai mistletoe 11 stage of fibrils obtained by fibrillation of a laminated film with two constituents such as a homopolymer couple of propylene / high density polyethylene or of a homopolymer couple of propylene / propylene-ethylene random copolymer.
• the fibrils whose thermal behavior is highlighted in the preceding table are obtained from a laminated film, the fiber No.
• the heat treatment is applied to the felt after needling, it begins by revealing the three-dimensional helical crimp accompanied by the shrinkage. Above 130 ° C while this continues, the thermal inter-fi bonding which in turn stabilizes the mattress by melting the most fusible constituent.
• a mattress of macro-fibrils may contain, by addition at the time of coating, 20% of textile fibers or microfibers.
• this double-shell mask therefore behaved exactly like a single-shell mask.
• the outer shell CE can be made of a fabric with large mail ⁇ and serve as a support as in the case of patent No. 1,503,573. It can also be made from a traditional nonwoven felt.
• the inner shell is constituted by such a nonwoven, on the other hand the intermediate shell MF is made of felt of macro-fibrils, as previously described. .
• the different shells are thermoformed in dif ⁇ ferent molds so that their curvilinear profiles have dif ⁇ ferent arrows, so that they have only local contacts between them, for example at A and B so that 'They delimit enclosures such as VA1 and VA2 forming expansion chambers.
• CE and CI shells are welded together at their periphery
• the shell MF is wedged between CE and CI.
• these shells CE and CI are molded in a veil of 300g / m 2 .
• the MF shell is made from a mat of fibrils like those referred to in the preceding table, with a final weight per m 2 of 420 g and a thickness of 4 mm before thermoforming.
• a permeable but filtering seal is thus obtained which, contrary to known seals (for example French patent n ° 1.590.090) does not prevent the mask to be taseptic and does not soak up sweat like a sponge. .
• groove G02 can be formed at the same time as the shell CI.
• the constitution of the bead BR does not require any additional intervention to the operations necessary to obtain the mask without bead like that visible in FIG. 2.
• the material which is the subject of the present invention can find application in all fields of filtration of gases loaded with solid particles.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
• Filtering Materials (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26221387

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Families Citing this family (15)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1979
  • 1979-11-30 WO PCT/FR1979/000118 patent/WO1981001019A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1980
  • 1980-10-06 IT IT68536/80A patent/IT1129291B/it active
• 1981
  • 1981-04-21 EP EP80900041A patent/EP0036855A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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