EP0036183B1 - Process and apparatus for the surface extension and drying of leather pieces, skins and similar materials - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for the surface extension and drying of leather pieces, skins and similar materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036183B1
EP0036183B1 EP81101832A EP81101832A EP0036183B1 EP 0036183 B1 EP0036183 B1 EP 0036183B1 EP 81101832 A EP81101832 A EP 81101832A EP 81101832 A EP81101832 A EP 81101832A EP 0036183 B1 EP0036183 B1 EP 0036183B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foils
lether
way
leather
drying
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81101832A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0036183A3 (en
EP0036183A2 (en
Inventor
Jiri Dipl. Ing. Dokoupil
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to AT81101832T priority Critical patent/ATE10209T1/en
Publication of EP0036183A2 publication Critical patent/EP0036183A2/en
Publication of EP0036183A3 publication Critical patent/EP0036183A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0036183B1 publication Critical patent/EP0036183B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
    • C14B1/00—Manufacture of leather; Machines or devices therefor
    • C14B1/58—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
    • C14B1/00—Manufacture of leather; Machines or devices therefor
    • C14B1/26—Leather tensioning or stretching frames; Stretching-machines; Setting-out boards; Pasting boards

Definitions

  • stenter dryers are most effective because the leather is pre-tensioned on the stenter before the drying process.
  • One of the major disadvantages is that the prestressing is carried out manually with the aid of a large number of so-called leather clips, since the leather has a geometrically undefined outline (US Pat. No. 2,125,223).
  • the invention eliminates this disadvantage in such a way that elastic air-impermeable foils are arranged from both sides of the leather, the space between the leather and the two foils is connected to vacuum, and then with forces which are predominantly in the plane of the two foils , the area of the foils is enlarged.
  • the leather, which is located between the foils is supplied with thermal energy, e.g. B. by infrared radiation of the films, by means of contact heat or the moist leather is heated by means of radio frequency energy.
  • the effect of the forces on the foils is variable during the treatment of the leather, e.g. B. repeated pulsating or oscillating actions.
  • FIGS. 1-3 Exemplary designs of the devices that work according to this method are shown in FIGS. 1-3.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 works with 2 foils 2 and 3, which have a round shape 10.
  • the leather 1 is placed between the two foils 2 and 3 (e.g. the entire upper part of the device is moved away with the foil 2 upwards or sideways). Then both slides 2 and 3 are moved together again.
  • the space 4 is sealed with the help of the seal 7, which is located near the edges 8 of the foils.
  • the room 4 is connected to a vacuum 5.
  • the atmospheric pressure now presses from the outside onto both foils 2 and 3 and thus onto the leather 1.
  • Ropes 15 are fastened to the edges 8 of the two foils 2 and 3 and are fed centrally to a hydraulic cylinder 14 via deflection rollers.
  • a rope system is used for both foils 2 and 3.
  • the foils 2 and 3 have a square shape 11.
  • the force itself is exerted on the foils by means of hydraulic cylinders 14 which act directly on the edges of the foils. Since the hydraulic cylinders 14 only act on the lower film 3, the upper film 2 is mechanically carried along with the film 3 at the edges 8 when the film is moved apart.
  • the workflow is the same as for the device in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement in which the foils 2 and 3 are designed as conveyor belts 12 and 13.
  • the leather 1 is placed on the conveyor belt 13 and spread out and then transported into the space 4 by means of the movement of both conveyor belts. In this position, the leather is sealed with the help of seals 7 between the two bands, the space 4 is connected to vacuum 5. With the help of hydraulic cylinders 14, both bands are stretched both in the longitudinal direction and increased in width by the action 6 on the edges 8.
  • the leather 1 is either transported back out of the space between the two conveyor belts or continuously transported forward. With this arrangement, too, it is possible to supply thermal energy to the leather by means of radiators 9 or the room 4 can lie in an electrical high-frequency field.

Abstract

An apparatus and process for expanding the area and for drying of leather pieces, felts and other similar flat materials. On both sides of the leather elastic foils impervious to air are disposed, a vacuum is connected to the space between the two foils and then forces are applied for enlarging the area of the foils, where the forces are predominantly disposed in the plane of the foils. Thermal energy can be fed to the flat material. The forces can be intermittently applied and they can be provided preferably by hydraulic or pneumatic means.

Description

Was den Flächengewinn bei Ledertrocknung betrifft, so sind Spannrahmentrockner am wirkungsvollsten, weil das Leder vor dem Trocknungsprozeß auf den Spannrahmen vorgespannt wird. Einer der großen Nachteile ist, daß die Vorspannung manuell durchgeführt wird mit Hilfe einer großen Stückzahl von sogenannten Lederklammern, da das Leder einen geometrisch unbestimmten Umriß aufweist (US-A-2 125 223). Die Erfindung beseitigt diesen Nachteil auf die Weise, daß von beiden Seiten des Leders elastische für Luft undurchlässige Folien angeordnet werden, der Raum zwischen Leder und den beiden Folien an Vakuum angeschlossen wird, und danach mit Kräften, die vorwiegend in der Ebene der beiden Folien liegen, die Fläche der Folien vergrößert wird. Dem Leder, das sich zwischen den Folien befindet, wird Wärmeenergie zugeführt, z. B. durch Infrarotbestrahlung der Folien, mittels Kontaktwärme oder das feuchte Leder wird mittels Hochfrequenzenergie erhitzt.As far as the area gain in leather drying is concerned, stenter dryers are most effective because the leather is pre-tensioned on the stenter before the drying process. One of the major disadvantages is that the prestressing is carried out manually with the aid of a large number of so-called leather clips, since the leather has a geometrically undefined outline (US Pat. No. 2,125,223). The invention eliminates this disadvantage in such a way that elastic air-impermeable foils are arranged from both sides of the leather, the space between the leather and the two foils is connected to vacuum, and then with forces which are predominantly in the plane of the two foils , the area of the foils is enlarged. The leather, which is located between the foils, is supplied with thermal energy, e.g. B. by infrared radiation of the films, by means of contact heat or the moist leather is heated by means of radio frequency energy.

Die Einwirkung der Kräfte auf die Folien ist in der Zeit der Behandlung des Leders veränderlich, z. B. wiederholte pulsierende oder oszillierende Einwirkungen.The effect of the forces on the foils is variable during the treatment of the leather, e.g. B. repeated pulsating or oscillating actions.

Auf diese Weise ist es mittels dieses Verfahrens möglich, das Leder entweder zu trocknen und dabei die Fläche des Leders optimal zu vergrößern, oder schon ganz fertiges Leder zu behandeln, wobei seine Fläche um einen gewissen Prozentsatz bleibend vergrößert wird.In this way, it is possible by means of this method either to dry the leather and thereby optimally enlarge the area of the leather, or to treat leather that is already completely finished, its area being permanently increased by a certain percentage.

Beispielhafte Ausführungen der Vorrichtungen, die nach diesem Verfahren arbeiten, sind auf den Figuren 1-3 abgebildet.Exemplary designs of the devices that work according to this method are shown in FIGS. 1-3.

Die Ziffern auf den Figuren bedeuten :

Figure imgb0001
The numbers on the figures mean:
Figure imgb0001

Die auf Figur 1 abgebildete Vorrichtung arbeitet mit 2 Folien 2 und 3, die eine runde Form 10 ausweisen. Das Leder 1 wird zwischen beide Folien 2 und 3 hineingelegt (z. B. wird der ganze obere Teil der Vorrichtung mit der Folie 2 nach oben oder seitlich weggefahren). Dann werden beide Folien 2 und 3 wieder zusammengefahren. Der Raum 4 wird mit Hilfe der Dichtung 7, die sich in der Nähe der Ränder 8 der Folien befindet, abgedichtet. Der Raum 4 wird an ein Vakuum 5 angeschlossen. Der athmosphärische Druck drückt jetzt von außen auf beide Folien 2 und 3 und so auf das Leder 1. Zu den Rändern 8 der beiden Folien 2 und 3 werden Seile 15 befestigt, die über Umlenkrollen zentral zu einem hydraulischen Zylinder 14 zugeführt werden. Es wird ein Seilensystem für beide Folien 2 und 3 benutzt. Wenn die hydraulischen Zylinder 14 ausgefahren werden, wird mit Hilfe der Seile 15 auf die Ränder 8 der beiden Folien 2 und 3 so eine Kraftwirkung ausgeübt, daß die Fläche von beiden Folien vergrößert wird. Da gleichzeitig die Folien mit Hilfe von athmosphärischem Druck an das Leder 1 von beiden Seiten angedrückt werden, folgt das Leder der Ausdehnung der beiden Folien und die Fläche des Leders wächst. Es ist möglich, diesen Vorgang beliebig zu wiederholen. Bei Rückkehr der Folien in die Ausgangsposition wird das Vakuum aufgelöst. Bei wiederholtem Auseinanderziehen der Folien wird das Vakuum wieder neu aufgebaut. Bei Trocknung des Leders wird dem Leder 1 Wärmeenergie zugeführt, wie z. B. bei dieser Anordnung mit Hilfe von Bestrahlung mit Infrarotstrahler 9.The device shown in FIG. 1 works with 2 foils 2 and 3, which have a round shape 10. The leather 1 is placed between the two foils 2 and 3 (e.g. the entire upper part of the device is moved away with the foil 2 upwards or sideways). Then both slides 2 and 3 are moved together again. The space 4 is sealed with the help of the seal 7, which is located near the edges 8 of the foils. The room 4 is connected to a vacuum 5. The atmospheric pressure now presses from the outside onto both foils 2 and 3 and thus onto the leather 1. Ropes 15 are fastened to the edges 8 of the two foils 2 and 3 and are fed centrally to a hydraulic cylinder 14 via deflection rollers. A rope system is used for both foils 2 and 3. When the hydraulic cylinders 14 are extended, the ropes 15 exert a force on the edges 8 of the two foils 2 and 3 in such a way that the area of both foils is increased. Since at the same time the foils are pressed against the leather 1 from both sides with the aid of atmospheric pressure, the leather follows the expansion of the two foils and the area of the leather increases. It is possible to repeat this process as required. When the foils return to the starting position, the vacuum is released. If the films are pulled apart repeatedly, the vacuum is built up again. When the leather dries 1 heat energy is supplied to the leather, such as. B. in this arrangement with the help of radiation with infrared radiator 9th

Bei der konstruktiven Ausführung auf Figur 2 haben die Folien 2 und 3 eine quadratische Form 11. Die Krafteinwirkung selbst wird auf die Folien mittels hydraulischen Zylindern 14 ausgeübt, die direkt auf die Ränder der Folien wirken. Da die hydraulischen Zylinder 14 nur auf die untere Folie 3 wirken, wird die obere Folie 2 bei dem Auseinanderfahren der Folie mechanisch mit der Folie 3 an den Rändern 8 mitgenommen. Der Ablauf der Arbeit ist gleich wie bei der Vorrichtung auf Figur 1.2, the foils 2 and 3 have a square shape 11. The force itself is exerted on the foils by means of hydraulic cylinders 14 which act directly on the edges of the foils. Since the hydraulic cylinders 14 only act on the lower film 3, the upper film 2 is mechanically carried along with the film 3 at the edges 8 when the film is moved apart. The workflow is the same as for the device in FIG. 1.

Die Figur 3 zeigt eine Anordnung, bei welcher die Folien 2 und 3 als Transportbänder 12 und 13 ausgebildet sind. Das Leder 1 wird auf das Transportband 13 aufgelegt und ausgebreitet und dann mit Hilfe der Bewegung von beiden Transportbändern in den Raum 4 hineintransportiert. In dieser Position wird das Leder mit Hilfe von Dichtungen 7 zwischen den beiden Bändern abgedichtet, der Raum 4 an Vakuum 5 angeschlossen. Mit Hilfe von hydraulischen Zylindern 14 werden beide Bänder sowohl in der Längsrichtung gespannt als auch in der Breite durch die Einwirkung 6 auf die Ränder 8 vergrößert.FIG. 3 shows an arrangement in which the foils 2 and 3 are designed as conveyor belts 12 and 13. The leather 1 is placed on the conveyor belt 13 and spread out and then transported into the space 4 by means of the movement of both conveyor belts. In this position, the leather is sealed with the help of seals 7 between the two bands, the space 4 is connected to vacuum 5. With the help of hydraulic cylinders 14, both bands are stretched both in the longitudinal direction and increased in width by the action 6 on the edges 8.

Das Leder 1 wird aus dem Raum zwischen den beiden Transportbändern entweder zurücktransportiert oder durchlaufend nach vorne befördert. Auch bei dieser Anordnung ist es möglich, dem Leder Wärmeenergie zuzuführen mittels Strahler 9 oder der Raum 4 kann in einem elektrischen Hochfrequenzfeld liegen.The leather 1 is either transported back out of the space between the two conveyor belts or continuously transported forward. With this arrangement, too, it is possible to supply thermal energy to the leather by means of radiators 9 or the room 4 can lie in an electrical high-frequency field.

Bei der wiederholten Kräfteeinwirkung auf das Leder bei dem Trocknungsprozess (dynamische Wirkung) ist auch eine Steigerung der Griffeigenschaften des Leders (das Leder wird weich) zu beobachten.With the repeated application of force to the leather during the drying process (dynamic effect), an increase in the grip properties of the leather (the leather becomes soft) can also be observed.

Claims (7)

1. Method and apparatus for surface groth- and drying of pieces of lether, skins and other similar flat materials, are characterized in that way, that elastic foils (2) und (3), which are impervios to breath, are arranged on both sides of the lether (1), and the volume (4) between the lether (1) and the two foils (2) and (3) is connected to vacuum (5), afterwards, the surface of the foils (2) and (3) is expanded, by powers, which are mostly located in the plane of the two foils (2) and (3).
2. Method after claim 1, characterizes in that way, that heat energy is led to the lether (1) which is places between the two foils (2) and (3) (for example by infrared radiation of the foils with help of contact heat or high frequency energy).
3. Method after claim 1 and 2, characterized in that way that the influence of the powers on the foils is variable in the time of the lether treatment, for example, recurring pulsed or oscillating influences.
4. The apparatus for realisation of the method after claim 1 to 3 characterized by following indications : elastic foils, which are impervious to breath (2) and (3), volume (4) between lether (1) and both foils (2) and (3) is evacuated (5), sealings (7) at the borders of the foils (2) and (3), power influence (6) in the plane of the foils (2) and (3), which effect the groth of surfaces of the foils (2) and (3).
5. The apparatus after claim 4, characterized in that way, that power influence (6) on the borders (8) of the foils (2) and (3) is the result of pneumatic or hydraulic devices (14).
6. The apparatus after claim 4 and 5, characterized in that way, that, the foils (2) and (3) are formed like conveyor belts (12) and (13), which serve simultaneously for vinveying the lether (1) into the volume (4).
7. The apparatus after claim 4 to 6, characterized in that way, that, not less than one of the foils (2) and (3) is heated (for example, by radiation with infrared radiators (9) or contact heat).
EP81101832A 1980-03-15 1981-03-12 Process and apparatus for the surface extension and drying of leather pieces, skins and similar materials Expired EP0036183B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81101832T ATE10209T1 (en) 1980-03-15 1981-03-12 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INCREASE AND DRYING THE SURFACE OF LEATHER PIECES, SKINS AND SIMILAR MATERIALS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3010003 1980-03-15
DE3010003A DE3010003C2 (en) 1980-03-15 1980-03-15 Method and device for enlarging and drying areas of leather, hides and similar materials

Publications (3)

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EP0036183A2 EP0036183A2 (en) 1981-09-23
EP0036183A3 EP0036183A3 (en) 1982-07-14
EP0036183B1 true EP0036183B1 (en) 1984-11-07

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US (1) US4438570A (en)
EP (1) EP0036183B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS56166300A (en)
AT (1) ATE10209T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8101510A (en)
CA (1) CA1182655A (en)
CS (1) CS243458B2 (en)
DD (1) DD157203A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3010003C2 (en)
ES (1) ES500271A0 (en)
FI (1) FI66906C (en)
IT (1) IT1136814B (en)
MX (1) MX155060A (en)
NO (1) NO159293C (en)
SU (1) SU1264843A3 (en)
UA (1) UA5918A1 (en)
YU (1) YU42385B (en)

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US4477981A (en) * 1983-06-10 1984-10-23 Royal E. Bright Dynamic drying simulator
FI68656C (en) * 1984-01-25 1985-10-10 Leena Viljanmaa FOERFARANDE OCH ANORDNING FOER SPAENNING AV HUDAR
NL8500151A (en) * 1985-01-22 1986-08-18 Skf Ind Trading & Dev DEVICE FOR GENERATING A BI-AXIAL VOLTAGE CONDITION.
US4767584A (en) * 1985-04-03 1988-08-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Process of and apparatus for producing design patterns in materials
DE3521061A1 (en) * 1985-06-12 1986-12-18 Dokoupil, Jiří, Dipl-Ing., 6251 Gückingen METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONDITIONING LEATHER, FURS, FURS AND THE LIKE.
FR2602795A1 (en) * 1986-08-18 1988-02-19 Mercier Freres Process for stretching and preglazing a skin or a wet leather and preglazer-stretcher making use thereof
US5096553A (en) * 1986-09-11 1992-03-17 Ionizing Energy Company Of Canada Limited Treatment of raw animal hides and skins
US4935083A (en) * 1988-09-21 1990-06-19 Massachusetts Inst Technology Process for producing design patterns on materials
DE3833068A1 (en) * 1988-09-29 1990-04-05 Dokoupil Jiri METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STRETCHING LEATHER
US5291759A (en) * 1988-09-29 1994-03-08 Jiri Dokoupil Process and equipment for stretching of leather
DE3838370C2 (en) * 1988-11-11 1993-10-07 Joachim Spahrmann Device for drying leather or the like
DE3915042A1 (en) * 1989-05-08 1990-11-15 Dokoupil Jiri METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MACHINING SOFT-FLEXIBLE FLAT MATERIAL PIECES
DE3928095A1 (en) * 1989-08-25 1991-02-28 Dynavac Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MACHINING SOFT-FLEXIBLE FLAT MATERIAL PIECES
DE4131262A1 (en) * 1991-09-20 1993-04-01 Dokoupil Jiri Elastic membrane stretching and drying leather - extracts water vapour by vacuum via. channel network in surface
AUPM761094A0 (en) * 1994-08-23 1994-09-15 Tanning Technologies Pty Ltd Treatment of hides
DE19608094A1 (en) * 1996-03-02 1997-09-04 Dokoupilova Magdalena Quickly replaceable membrane for vacuum stretching and drying machines for leather
US6038785A (en) * 1998-01-16 2000-03-21 Lawson; Richard R. Vacuum drying screen
DE19826181A1 (en) * 1998-06-14 1999-12-16 Bohumil Stupecky Device for silting, stretching and drying leather and similar flat materials such as furs, furs and the like. the like
ITVI980127A1 (en) * 1998-06-29 1999-12-29 Cartigliano Off Spa HIGH BALANCED VACUUM DRYING PLANT FOR INDUSTRIAL LEATHER AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS
CH694463A5 (en) * 1999-12-10 2005-01-31 Mario Ciucani Procedure and installation for the treatment of animal skins.
US6786067B2 (en) * 2001-03-09 2004-09-07 Bohumil Stupecky Device for the slicking, stretching and drying of leather or similar flat materials such as hides, skins and the like
ITVI20010220A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2003-04-23 Cartigliano Off Spa METHOD AND LINE FOR CONTINUOUS ENLARGEMENT OF LEATHER AND OTHER SIMILAR PRODUCTS
ITVI20020050A1 (en) * 2002-03-20 2003-09-22 Cartigliano Off Spa METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS WIDING AND GRADUAL DRYING OF INDUSTRIAL LEATHER AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS
US8543365B1 (en) 2004-10-25 2013-09-24 Novatorque, Inc. Computer-readable medium, a method and an apparatus for designing and simulating electrodynamic machines implementing conical and cylindrical magnets
CN102839231B (en) * 2012-09-05 2015-04-29 叶壮林 Toggling connection structure for leather toggling dryer
CN104865120B (en) * 2015-06-01 2018-07-06 东莞市闻誉实业有限公司 For the sheet metal fatigue tester of LED radiator
CN104931347B (en) * 2015-06-01 2018-02-02 东莞市闻誉实业有限公司 The multi tension test machine of thin material in being adornd for LED
CN104865125B (en) * 2015-06-01 2017-09-01 东莞市闻誉实业有限公司 For thin material dynamic characteristic test apparatus in LED decorations
US20170051366A1 (en) * 2015-08-17 2017-02-23 Eikon Technologies Holding S.À.R.L. Pelt board for drying tubular pelts

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GB138930A (en) * 1919-02-13 1920-09-09 Erberto Durio Improved process of and apparatus for stretching skins or the like
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1136814B (en) 1986-09-03
CA1182655A (en) 1985-02-19
ES8205511A1 (en) 1982-07-01
JPS6121600B2 (en) 1986-05-28
NO810783L (en) 1981-09-16
FI810791L (en) 1981-09-16
UA5918A1 (en) 1994-12-29
EP0036183A3 (en) 1982-07-14
DE3010003C2 (en) 1986-02-13
FI66906C (en) 1984-12-10
FI66906B (en) 1984-08-31
SU1264843A3 (en) 1986-10-15
MX155060A (en) 1988-01-22
DD157203A5 (en) 1982-10-20
CS243458B2 (en) 1986-06-12
YU42385B (en) 1988-08-31
IT8120336A0 (en) 1981-03-13
NO159293B (en) 1988-09-05
ATE10209T1 (en) 1984-11-15
NO159293C (en) 1988-12-14
US4438570A (en) 1984-03-27
ES500271A0 (en) 1982-07-01
YU63881A (en) 1983-10-31
EP0036183A2 (en) 1981-09-23
JPS56166300A (en) 1981-12-21
BR8101510A (en) 1981-09-15
DE3010003A1 (en) 1981-09-24

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