EP0035444B1 - Procédé et installation de réchauffement d'un fluide froid - Google Patents

Procédé et installation de réchauffement d'un fluide froid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0035444B1
EP0035444B1 EP81400294A EP81400294A EP0035444B1 EP 0035444 B1 EP0035444 B1 EP 0035444B1 EP 81400294 A EP81400294 A EP 81400294A EP 81400294 A EP81400294 A EP 81400294A EP 0035444 B1 EP0035444 B1 EP 0035444B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
installation
tube element
upstream
reheating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81400294A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0035444A1 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Gauthier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of EP0035444A1 publication Critical patent/EP0035444A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0035444B1 publication Critical patent/EP0035444B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
    • F28D3/04—Distributing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0138—Shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an installation for heating a cryogenic fluid by heat exchange with a circulating fluid, the solidification temperature of which is higher than the temperature of the cryogenic fluid before its final heating, and firstly a method for heating d a cryogenic fluid, such as liquefied natural gas, by heat exchange with a circulating fluid, such as water, the solidification temperature of which is higher than the temperature of said cryogenic fluid, according to which said cryogenic fluid is led into the at least one module comprising two vertical tube elements with fins connected in series, and the circulating fluid is made to flow by gravity in the form of a free sheet along the periphery of said tube elements.
  • a cryogenic fluid such as liquefied natural gas
  • FR-A-2 096 919 describes a process for heating natural gas by countercurrent exchange in a plurality of elements of vertical tubes mounted in parallel, the natural gas always circulating in an upward direction inside the elements of tubes and circulating water naturally flowing by gravity outside these tube elements, which are provided with longitudinal fins.
  • an internal section of tube is provided for the passage natural gas which is increasingly reduced, which leads to successive increases in the speed of natural gas flowing in the tubes.
  • JP-A-54-7403 describes the heating of natural gas by first co-current exchange with the natural gas flowing from bottom to top in a tube bundle and the water flowing from bottom to top in a calender according to a forced flow, then an exchange against the current with the gas circulating from top to bottom in another tube bundle and the water circulating from bottom to top in the corresponding grille. This way of doing things is quite complex and leads to significant deterioration, in particular calenders in the event of accidental freezing of the heating water.
  • JP-A-52-144 006 describes a process of the type indicated above.
  • a heating is carried out comprising a first stage in countercurrent exchange with the natural gas flowing from bottom to top in a first plurality of upstream tube elements and the water naturally flowing outside, then a second stage in countercurrent exchange also, the natural gas flowing from bottom to top in a second plurality of downstream tube elements and the water flowing naturally outside, with the particularity that the second plurality of elements tubes offers a smaller cross section for natural gas than the first plurality.
  • This arrangement does not allow the objective of the present invention to be fulfilled either, because the icing around the upstream tube elements cannot be avoided.
  • the object of the invention is to ensure that water or other fluid at relatively cold temperature can be used as circulating fluid while avoiding any risk of solidification of this fluid.
  • the essential characteristic of the invention resides in the fact that, in a heating process of the aforementioned type, the cryogenic fluid is made to circulate firstly co-current with said circulating fluid and then counter-current with said circulating fluid, the element upstream tube being supplied with cryogenic fluid at its upper end, and in that the heat exchange between the cryogenic fluid and the circulating fluid at this end is slowed down by means of an insulating sleeve.
  • the intermediate temperature between the upstream and downstream tube elements is close to the critical temperature, it is therefore preferable to provide for an upward circulation of natural gas in the downstream tube element in order to ensure a final heating of the natural gas. without untimely irreversibilities, which should then be compensated for by a noticeable increase in the exchange surface.
  • the present invention also relates to an installation for heating a cryogenic fluid, such as liquefied natural gas, by heat exchange with a circulating fluid, such as water, the solidification temperature of which is higher than the temperature of said cryogenic fluid, of the type comprising at least one heat exchange module comprising two vertical tube elements with fins connected in series and in which the cryogenic fluid circulates, and means for causing the circulating fluid to flow by gravity in the form of a free ply along the periphery of said tube elements, characterized in that the two tube elements are connected by their lower ends, and in that said means comprise a runoff liquid distributor disposed at the upper end of each element of tube and an insulating sleeve disposed at the upper end of the single element of upstream tube and interposed between the two fluids.
  • a cryogenic fluid such as liquefied natural gas
  • an installation comprises a plurality of heating tubes 1 forming heat exchange passages, made of aluminum, each consisting of a tube element "upstream 2 2 and a downstream tube element 3, connected by a lower bend 4.
  • the upstream tube element 2 2 is connected to a pipe 5 to a source of cryogenic fluid to be heated via a connection box 10, while that the downstream tube element 3 is connected directly to a pipe 6 for withdrawing heated fluid: the tube elements 2 and 3 are suspended so as to extend substantially vertically, and all around and along these tube elements, which have external fins 7, flow streams of heating liquid in the form of sheets 8 and 9 which are previously formed by upper distribution devices 11.
  • connection box 10 here comprises (see FIG. 2) welded as an extension of the upstream element 2, an envelope tube 12 having a constant wall thickness in a lower section 12 ′ and increasing radially in a middle part 12 ′′, with constant internal diameter, at the upper end, this casing 12 extends at 13 to a connection end 14 of the pipe 5 for the cryogenic fluid All of these parts are made of aluminum to be suitably welded between them and with the heat exchange tube element 1.
  • the end piece 14 has an internal bore of small diameter 16 in which is welded a conduit element 17 leading- largely inside the upstream tube element 2 Between the conduit element 17 on the one hand and on the other hand the envelope-tube 13-12 and the upper part of the tube element 2 is placed a thermal insulation product 18.
  • the assembly which comes to be described is housed inside a repair well rtition 20 having a ring of perforations 21.
  • This well 20 is fixed to the distribution device 11 enveloping at a short distance the tube element 2 with its fins 7 and the perforations 21 are located at the upper level of the part 12 "thick oversized.
  • the runoff caloric liquid which is intended to flow in layers such as 8 and 9 along the tube elements "upstream 2 2 and" downstream 3, comes from a general liquid reserve 25, which itself is supplied by a source 25 '.
  • the circulating circulating liquid is transferred into a lower part of the distribution well 20 in the form of a plurality of veins or liquid jets 26 coming from the reserve 25 and formed from the perforations 21.
  • the cryogenic fluid which circulates inside the pipe 5 and the tube 17 to reach the upstream tube element 2 is radially isolated from the outside by the insulating body 18.
  • the flow significant longitudinal refrigeration, which essentially arises, on the "upstream" side, at the end piece 14 and which propagates downstream along the casing-tube 13-12 towards the tube element 2 is substantially derived radially outwards at the location of the wall thickness of the envelope tube 12 progresses sively increasing upstream.
  • This arrangement therefore allows a diversion towards the liquid jets 26 of a substantial part of the refrigerating flow with longitudinal propagation, which thereby alleviates the residual refrigerating flow thereby continuing its longitudinal propagation in the weaker walled portion 12 ′ and especially towards the upper part 2 ′ of the upstream tube element 2 which is immersed in an individual reserve of distribution water 29 of a substantially stagnant nature, therefore with a low coefficient of heat exchange with the wall of the tube element 2.
  • the runoff water forms in a runoff layer on the finned external wall of the upstream tube element 2 and gradually cools down to the lower end of this tube element.
  • "Upstream 2 where the runoff water is then evacuated at 30 with besides that which comes from the runoff against the current on the tube element” downstream 3.
  • the risks of freezing of the runoff liquid are significantly reduced, the fluid being heated circulating in the tube 1 has seen its temperature increase until it is close to that of the runoff liquid. so that the evacuation of the heated fluid from the “downstream” tube element 3 can be carried out, without using a connection box as described with reference to FIG. 2, by a simple pipe of racking 6, however, of course, the distribution device 11 allowing the formation of a uniform run-off ply 9, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a plurality of tube elements "upstream 42a, 42b, ... 42n are all connected between an upper distribution manifold 50 and a lower connection manifold 51 supplying another plurality 43a, 43b ... 43n of downstream tube elements thus forming a first multi-tubular module whose upper end is connected by a manifold 52 to a second multi-tubular module consisting of another plurality of elements "upstream” tube 44a, 44b ... 44q, the final module having a plurality of "upstream” tube elements 45a, 45b ... 45r and a plurality of "downstream” tube elements 46a, 46b ... 46s, delivering the heated liquid to a 52 "final manifold.
  • a bundle of tube elements is formed of a first set of lines 81a, 81b, 81c (for example three in number). killed by a multi-tubular module (or several multi-tubular modules in series) between a supply collector 83 and an intermediate collector 84 which supplies a second set of lines 82a and 82b (for example two) between this intermediate collector 84 and the final withdrawal manifold 85.
  • a first set of a plurality of lines 91 a, 91 b, 91 c (for example three) supplied by a supply collector 93 and withdrawn by a withdrawal collector 95a is connected via a pipe 96 with expansion valve 97 to a second set of another plurality of lines 92a, 92b connected between a supply manifold 95b and a withdrawal manifold 94.
  • This arrangement can be used for example if the network is 40 bars and the gas available under higher pressure, for example 80 bars, and it is noted that this delayed expansion which causes a refrigeration release is not detrimental to the pipes, since the natural gas is then in a state already partially warmed up.
  • a separator can be placed at the outlet of the expansion valve 97 for withdrawing and removing the heaviest condensates, such as ethane, propane or butane, while the gaseous fraction is only warmed up.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
EP81400294A 1980-02-29 1981-02-26 Procédé et installation de réchauffement d'un fluide froid Expired EP0035444B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8004509A FR2477276A1 (fr) 1980-02-29 1980-02-29 Procede et installation de rechauffement d'un fluide froid
FR8004509 1980-02-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0035444A1 EP0035444A1 (fr) 1981-09-09
EP0035444B1 true EP0035444B1 (fr) 1985-06-26

Family

ID=9239137

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81400294A Expired EP0035444B1 (fr) 1980-02-29 1981-02-26 Procédé et installation de réchauffement d'un fluide froid

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4343156A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0035444B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS56137084A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU533661B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1154432A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3171087D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES8201302A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2477276A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
PT (1) PT72581B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0676871B2 (ja) * 1988-03-25 1994-09-28 サンエンジニアリング株式会社 熱交換器
US5163303A (en) * 1990-03-30 1992-11-17 Tokyo Gas Co. Ltd. Double-walled tube type open rack evaporating device
US5251452A (en) * 1992-03-16 1993-10-12 Cryoquip, Inc. Ambient air vaporizer and heater for cryogenic fluids
US5390500A (en) * 1992-12-29 1995-02-21 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic fluid vaporizer system and process
US5473905A (en) * 1994-07-29 1995-12-12 Cryoquip, Inc. Surge dampening device for cryogenic vaporizers and heater elements
US5937656A (en) * 1997-05-07 1999-08-17 Praxair Technology, Inc. Nonfreezing heat exchanger
EP1202012B1 (en) 2000-10-30 2005-12-07 L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Process and installation for cryogenic air separation integrated with an associated process
US6799429B2 (en) * 2001-11-29 2004-10-05 Chart Inc. High flow pressurized cryogenic fluid dispensing system
CN102620137B (zh) * 2006-07-25 2015-02-04 国际壳牌研究有限公司 使液体流气化的方法和设备
KR102066309B1 (ko) 2012-06-12 2020-01-14 쉘 인터내셔날 리써취 마트샤피지 비.브이. 액화 스트림을 가열하기 위한 장치 및 방법
CN105605950B (zh) * 2015-12-24 2017-06-23 浙江东氟塑料科技有限公司 烟气水换热器及其清洗方法
EP3710743B1 (en) * 2017-11-15 2023-06-07 Taylor-Wharton Malaysia Sdn. Bhd Cryogenic fluid vaporizer

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB911847A (en) * 1960-04-06 1962-11-28 North Thames Gas Board Improvements relating to the vaporisation of liquefied methane
FR1393641A (fr) * 1963-03-14 1965-03-26 Brown Fintube Co Procédé et appareil pour convertir les liquides en gaz
FR2096919A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-07-16 1972-03-03 Air Liquide
DE2052154A1 (en) * 1970-10-23 1972-04-27 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Low temp gas evaporator - with low conductivity tube facing to prevent frosting

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2348601A (en) * 1941-12-17 1944-05-09 Kellogg M W Co Heat exchanger
JPS5427788B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-08-28 1979-09-12
FR2353035A1 (fr) * 1976-05-26 1977-12-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur a tubes souples verticaux du type a descendage
JPS52144006A (en) * 1976-05-27 1977-12-01 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Vaporizer for liquefied natural gas
JPS5924317B2 (ja) * 1977-06-20 1984-06-08 大阪瓦斯株式会社 液化天然ガス気化器
JPS54101539A (en) 1978-01-27 1979-08-10 Kobe Steel Ltd Heat exchange pipe for use with water-sprinkling type, panel-shaped, liquefied natural gas evaporator and combination of such pipes and their manufacturing method
US4226605A (en) * 1978-10-23 1980-10-07 Airco, Inc. Flameless vaporizer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB911847A (en) * 1960-04-06 1962-11-28 North Thames Gas Board Improvements relating to the vaporisation of liquefied methane
FR1393641A (fr) * 1963-03-14 1965-03-26 Brown Fintube Co Procédé et appareil pour convertir les liquides en gaz
FR2096919A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-07-16 1972-03-03 Air Liquide
DE2052154A1 (en) * 1970-10-23 1972-04-27 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Low temp gas evaporator - with low conductivity tube facing to prevent frosting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU533661B2 (en) 1983-12-01
ES499734A0 (es) 1981-12-01
US4343156A (en) 1982-08-10
JPS56137084A (en) 1981-10-26
JPH042876B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-01-21
EP0035444A1 (fr) 1981-09-09
FR2477276A1 (fr) 1981-09-04
DE3171087D1 (en) 1985-08-01
AU6763281A (en) 1981-09-03
FR2477276B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-07-30
ES8201302A1 (es) 1981-12-01
CA1154432A (fr) 1983-09-27
PT72581B (fr) 1982-03-11
PT72581A (fr) 1981-03-01

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