EP0035164B1 - Power wrench - Google Patents

Power wrench Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0035164B1
EP0035164B1 EP81101131A EP81101131A EP0035164B1 EP 0035164 B1 EP0035164 B1 EP 0035164B1 EP 81101131 A EP81101131 A EP 81101131A EP 81101131 A EP81101131 A EP 81101131A EP 0035164 B1 EP0035164 B1 EP 0035164B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
piston
wrench head
support element
wrench
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81101131A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0035164A1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Richard Hirtsiefer
Johann Müller
Kurt Walterscheid
Paul-Heinz Wagner
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT81101131T priority Critical patent/ATE11242T1/en
Publication of EP0035164A1 publication Critical patent/EP0035164A1/en
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Publication of EP0035164B1 publication Critical patent/EP0035164B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B25B21/004Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose of the ratchet type
    • B25B21/005Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose of the ratchet type driven by a radially acting hydraulic or pneumatic piston

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power screwdriver with a key head, in which a ring which can be connected to a screw head is mounted, a piston-cylinder unit, the cylinder of which is integrated into a fixed attachment of the key head and which presses against a support element which can be attached to a fixed abutment, and with a driving device driven by the piston-cylinder unit, which takes the ring only in one direction of rotation of the key head.
  • the key head In a known power wrench of this type (DE-A-2 916 497), the key head consists of a first part, which surrounds a ring for receiving the key nut, and a second part, which projects tangentially from the first part.
  • a power wrench has a design that is unfavorable in some applications because the piston-cylinder unit takes up considerable space.
  • it is often necessary to work in hard-to-reach places.
  • the cylinder In the known power screwdriver, in which the cylinder can be supported on a stationary abutment, the cylinder is subjected to considerable bending stresses, so that it has to be made thick-walled and heavy.
  • the cylinder would be optimally supported at its rear end, ie in the opposite direction to the extension movement of the piston rod. In fact, the support is on the side of the cylinder, which exerts a strong bending moment on the cylinder housing.
  • the piston-cylinder unit is between a rod pivotally mounted on the ring, which is coupled to the ring via a ratchet, and a support element which is also pivotally mounted on the ring and which is used for Attaching to a fixed abutment is used, arranged so that the two resulting lever arms are approximately the same length.
  • This power wrench has a separate piston-cylinder unit, the attachment of which requires a considerable length of the lever arms.
  • a power wrench is known (DE-A-2 631 852), in which the separately executed piston-cylinder unit is articulated at the outer end of a support arm, while the piston is articulated to an arm which in turn is attached to a ratchet attacks the ring that can be placed on the screw head.
  • the length ratio of the two lever arms is approximately 2: 1, so that the power wrench has relatively large dimensions and a high weight.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a power wrench of the type mentioned, which has small dimensions and can be carried out lightweight compared to the known devices.
  • the support element is fastened to a support ring mounted on the ring, that the support ring encloses the key head with the exception of the attachment, that the support element runs approximately tangentially to the ring or the key head and that the effective lengths the support element on the one hand and the approach of the key head on the other hand, each with respect to the center of the key head, differ from one another by less than a factor of 1.5 and in particular are essentially the same size.
  • the piston-cylinder unit forms the basis of an isosceles to some extent Triangle forms.
  • the piston-cylinder unit can be made relatively small.
  • the resulting small size of the entire power wrench results in better handling options. Due to the fact that the piston-cylinder unit engages the shoulder of the key head at a relatively large angle, additional side plates which absorb the tensile stresses between the rear end of the piston-cylinder unit and the key head are not necessary.
  • the length of the support element and the attachment of the key head need not be exactly the same. Rather, it is sufficient if both lengths are of the same order of magnitude, which can be limited approximately by the fact that the two lengths differ by less than the factor 1.5. However, the factor by which the two lengths differ is preferably less than 1.2.
  • a significant reduction in size and a simplification of manufacture results in an advantageous further development of the invention in that the cylinder of the piston-cylinder unit is rigidly connected to the shoulder of the key head and that the piston rod, which is articulated on the support element, is also articulated on the rear of the piston attacks. No separate piston-cylinder unit is required, but the cylinder is, so to speak, integrated into the attachment of the key head. The piston is thus moved directly out of the neck of the key head and pressed against the support element.
  • the piston-side end of the piston rod must be connected to the piston in an articulated manner, so that the piston rod has a first joint with the support element and above a second element is connected to the piston, and its angle can be freely adjusted according to the respective stroke position of the piston.
  • the piston rod is surrounded for a substantial part of its length by a jacket which is firmly connected to the piston and which leads out of the cylinder through a sealed opening.
  • the piston rod has sufficient freedom of movement within the jacket in order to be able to adjust to the different positions of the support element and of the key head relative to one another.
  • the piston itself has only a relatively short axial length and the pivotable piston rod engages on it, still inside the cylinder. This leads to a short overall length of the piston-cylinder unit because the required articulation point is located inside the cylinder directly on the piston or at the level of the piston head.
  • a relatively large piston force is required during the working movement of the piston, that is to say when the key head attachment and the support element are pressed apart.
  • the force required to return the piston is much smaller.
  • the cylinder is designed as a double-acting cylinder, the two fluid connections of which can be connected alternately to a pressure line and a return line, then the rear cylinder chamber has a relatively small volume due to the jacket surrounding the piston rod, and the rear piston area is also quite small.
  • the piston can therefore be brought back into the retracted position with a small amount of fluid, so that the return stroke is carried out at a higher speed and with a smaller amount of fluid than the working stroke.
  • the piston rod has at least one end a dome-shaped recess in which a ball is seated, which is supported in a corresponding recess in the support part or the piston.
  • a gearwheel is mounted on the key head, which has a toothing of the ring is engaged and can be rotated in one direction of rotation regardless of an actuation of the piston-cylinder unit.
  • the power wrench shown has a key head 10 which has a substantially circular recess 11 in which a ring 12 is rotatably mounted.
  • the ring 12 is cylindrical on its outer surface and there it has an outer toothing 13 in the central region of its length.
  • the ring 12 has cylindrical bearing surfaces 14 and 15 on both sides of the outer toothing 13.
  • the inside of the ring 12 is designed as a hexagonal channel 16 or as another non-circular inner profile. For example, a key socket can be inserted into the hexagon channel 16, which can be connected to the ring 12 in a rotationally fixed manner in this way.
  • the key head 10 which surrounds the ring 12 over a considerable part of the circumference, has a circumferential inner groove 17 which offers space for receiving the external toothing 13 of the ring 12.
  • the surfaces 11 on both sides of the annular groove 17 run on the bearing surfaces 14 and 15 of the ring 12, so that the key head 10 and the ring 12 are centered relative to one another.
  • the key head 10 has a radially projecting shoulder 18 which contains the cylinder bore 19 of the piston-cylinder unit 20 and a ratchet 21.
  • the key head 10 is, with the exception of the extension 18, enclosed by the support ring 22 of the support element 23.
  • the support ring 22 is U-shaped in cross section, the end faces of its legs sliding on the bearing surfaces 14, 15 of the ring 12.
  • the support ring 22 surrounds the key head 10, but has an opening for the passage of the extension 18.
  • the support element 23 consists of a plate which extends approximately tangentially to the key head 10 or to the ring 12 and which forms a U-shaped structure with the side plates 24. 1 shows, the extension 18 projects between the side plates 24 of the support element 23.
  • the piston 25 is displaceable in the cylinder bore 19 of the extension 18.
  • the piston is sealed with seals 26 against the cylinder wall tet and has on its back a dome-shaped recess 27 into which a suitable steel ball 28 is inserted.
  • the piston rod 29 presses against the steel ball 28 and also has a dome-shaped recess 30 at its front end. In this way, the steel ball 28, together with the dome-shaped recesses 27 and 30, forms a joint to be stressed.
  • a similar joint is located at the other end of the piston rod 29.
  • This joint consists of a ball 31, which is seated in a spherical recess 32 of the end of the piston rod 29 and a spherical recess 33 of the support element 23.
  • the piston rod 29 is surrounded by a cylindrical jacket 34 which is firmly connected to the piston 25.
  • the end of the cylinder bore 19 is closed by a bush 35 and sealed with seals 36 with respect to the jacket 34.
  • the cylinder of the piston-cylinder unit 20 is designed as a double-acting cylinder and is connected to a first connection line 37 and a second connection line 38. If pressure is applied to the first connection line 37, the second connection line 38 serves as a return line and vice versa.
  • the first connection line 37 leads into the rear end of the cylinder bore 19 and the second connection line 38 into the front end of the cylinder bore 19. The lines leading to the connections are not shown.
  • the jacket 34 is connected to the support element 23 by a spring (not shown) in order to prevent the extension 18 and the support element from being pivoted apart.
  • the distances between the balls 28 and 33 from the center of the ring 12 and the key head 10 are approximately the same.
  • the piston 25 is extended (to the left according to FIG. 2).
  • the shoulder 18 is rotated clockwise around the center of the ring 12.
  • the point of application of the pressure at the extension 18 lies in the center 40 of the end face of the cylinder bore.
  • the distance of the point 40 from the center of the ring 12 is not significantly greater than the distance of the ball 31 from the center of the ring 12, so that the piston-cylinder unit effectively pushes the support element 23 and the arm 18 apart.
  • It consists of a toothed segment 41, which is accommodated in a cavity 42 of the key head 10 and engages with its teeth in the external toothing 13 of the ring 12.
  • the toothing segment 41 has on its rear side along a sloping shoulder a dome-shaped recess 43 into which a ball 44 is inserted.
  • the ball also projects into a dome-shaped recess 45 on the end face of a pressure piece 46.
  • the rear end of the pressure piece 46 is also supported on a screw piece 50 by a ball 47, which is seated in two spherical caps 48, 49.
  • the pressure piece 46 is accommodated in a bore 51 of the extension 18. The outer end of this hole is threaded and closed with the screw 50.
  • the inner end of the bore 51 opens into the cavity 42.
  • the bore 51 extends so that the extension of its axis intersects the circle of the external teeth 13 of the ring 12 as a secant. This secant runs somewhat outside the center of the radius perpendicular to it.
  • the toothed segment 41 can be released from the engagement of the external toothing 13.
  • the pressure piece 46 with the joints formed by the balls 44 and 47 acts as a toggle lever mechanism by which the toothed segment 41 is pressed into the toothing 13. In this way, when the key head 10 is turned clockwise, the ring 12 is carried along via the ratchet 21.
  • a gear 55 is mounted inside the key head, which meshes with the external toothing 13 of the ring 12.
  • the gear 55 is freely rotatable on the key head 10 and is in engagement with a further gear 56, which is also mounted on the key head 10.
  • the second gear 56 has an inner square 57, into which a tool can be inserted in order to manually turn the ring 12. In this way it is possible to tighten screws with a low torque before the actual tightening takes place by the piston-cylinder unit 20.

Abstract

1. Power wrench comprising a wrench head (10) in which a ring (12) connectible to a bolt head is pivoted, a piston-cylinder unit (20) whose cylinder is integrated into a fixed attachment (18) of the wrench head (10) and which presses against a support element (23) adaptable to a stationary abutment, and an entrainment system (21) driven by the piston-cylinder unit (20) and entraining the ring (12) only in one sense of rotation of the wrench head (10) characterized in that the support element (23) is fixed to a support ring (22) positioned on ring (12), that the support ring (22) encloses the wrench head except for the attachment (18), the support element (23) extending approximately tangentially relative to ring (12) or to the wrench head (10) and the effective lengths of the support element (23), on the one hand, and of the attachment (18) of the wrench head, on the other hand, each with respect to the center of the wrench head (10) differing from one another by less than a factor 1.5 and, in particular, being substantially of the same size.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kraftschrauber mit einem Schlüsselkopf, -in welchem ein mit einem Schraubenkopf verbindbarer Ring gelagert ist, einer Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit, deren Zylinder in einen festen Ansatz des Schlüsselkopfes integriert ist und die gegen ein an ein ortsfestes Widerlager ansetzbares Stützelement drückt, und mit einer von der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit angetriebenen Mitnahmevorrichtung, die den Ring nur in der einen Drehrichtung des Schlüsselkopfes mitnimmt.The invention relates to a power screwdriver with a key head, in which a ring which can be connected to a screw head is mounted, a piston-cylinder unit, the cylinder of which is integrated into a fixed attachment of the key head and which presses against a support element which can be attached to a fixed abutment, and with a driving device driven by the piston-cylinder unit, which takes the ring only in one direction of rotation of the key head.

Bei einem bekannten Kraftschrauber dieser Art (DE-A-2 916 497) besteht der Schlüsselkopf aus einem ersten Teil, der einen Ring zur Aufnahme der Schlüsselnuss umschliesst, und einem zweiten Teil, der tangential von dem ersten Teil absteht. Ein solcher Kraftschrauber hat eine Bauform, die bei manchen Anwendungen ungünstig ist, weil die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit erheblichen Platz beansprucht. Beim Drehen von Schrauben ist es häufig erforderlich, an schwer zugänglichen Stellen zu arbeiten. Insbesondere können sich in der Nähe der zu drehenden Schraube Hindernisse befinden, die die Bewegungen des Kraftschraubers einschränken. In solchen Fällen ist es wichtig, über einen Kraftschrauber zu verfügen, der möglichst geringe Abmessungen in radialer Richtung hat und einen möglichst kleinen Bewegungsraum in Umfangsrichtung erfordert. Bei dem bekannten Kraftschrauber, bei dem der Zylinder sich an einem ortsfesten Widerlager abstützen kann, ist der Zylinder erheblichen Biegebeanspruchungen unterworfen, so dass er dickwandig und schwergewichtig ausgeführt werden muss. Eine optimale Abstützung des Zylinders würde an seinem rückwärtigen Ende erfolgen, also in Gegenrichtung zur Ausfahrbewegung der Kolbenstange. Tatsächlich geschieht die Abstützung aber seitlich am Zylinder, wodurch auf das Zylindergehäuse ein starkes Biegemoment ausgeübt wird.In a known power wrench of this type (DE-A-2 916 497), the key head consists of a first part, which surrounds a ring for receiving the key nut, and a second part, which projects tangentially from the first part. Such a power wrench has a design that is unfavorable in some applications because the piston-cylinder unit takes up considerable space. When turning screws, it is often necessary to work in hard-to-reach places. In particular, there may be obstacles in the vicinity of the screw to be rotated, which restrict the movements of the power wrench. In such cases, it is important to have a power wrench that has the smallest possible dimensions in the radial direction and requires the smallest possible movement space in the circumferential direction. In the known power screwdriver, in which the cylinder can be supported on a stationary abutment, the cylinder is subjected to considerable bending stresses, so that it has to be made thick-walled and heavy. The cylinder would be optimally supported at its rear end, ie in the opposite direction to the extension movement of the piston rod. In fact, the support is on the side of the cylinder, which exerts a strong bending moment on the cylinder housing.

Bei einem weiteren bekannten Kraftschrauber (FR-A-2256803) ist die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit zwischen einer auf dem Ring schwenkbar gelagerten Stange, die über eine Ratsche mit dem Ring gekoppelt ist, und einem ebenfalls auf dem Ring schwenkbar gelagerten Stützelement, das zum Ansetzen an ein ortsfestes Widerlager dient, so angeordnet, dass die beiden sich ergebenden Hebelarme etwa gleich lang sind. Dieser Kraftschrauber weist eine separate Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit auf, deren Anbringung eine erhebliche Länge der Hebelarme erfordert.In another known power wrench (FR-A-2256803), the piston-cylinder unit is between a rod pivotally mounted on the ring, which is coupled to the ring via a ratchet, and a support element which is also pivotally mounted on the ring and which is used for Attaching to a fixed abutment is used, arranged so that the two resulting lever arms are approximately the same length. This power wrench has a separate piston-cylinder unit, the attachment of which requires a considerable length of the lever arms.

Bekannt ist schliesslich ein Kraftschrauber (DE-A-2 631 852), bei dem die separat ausgeführte Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit am äusseren Ende eines Stützarmes gelenkig angebracht ist, während der Kolben gelenkig mit einem Arm verbunden ist, der seinerseits über eine Ratsche auf den Ring, der auf den Schraubenkopf aufgesetzt werden kann, angreift. Das Längenverhältnis der beiden Hebelarme beträgt ungefähr 2: 1, so dass der Kraftschrauber relativ grosse Abmessungen und ein hohes Gewicht hat.Finally, a power wrench is known (DE-A-2 631 852), in which the separately executed piston-cylinder unit is articulated at the outer end of a support arm, while the piston is articulated to an arm which in turn is attached to a ratchet attacks the ring that can be placed on the screw head. The length ratio of the two lever arms is approximately 2: 1, so that the power wrench has relatively large dimensions and a high weight.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kraftschrauber der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, der kleine Abmessungen hat und gegenüber den bekannten Geräten leichtgewichtig ausgeführt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a power wrench of the type mentioned, which has small dimensions and can be carried out lightweight compared to the known devices.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäss vorgesehen, dass das Stützelement an einem auf dem Ring gelagerten Stützring befestigt ist, dass der Stützring den Schlüsselkopf mit Ausnahme des Ansatzes umschliesst, dass das Stützelement etwa tangential zu dem Ring bzw. dem Schlüsselkopf verläuft und dass die wirksamen Längen des Stützelementes einerseits und des Ansatzes des Schlüsselkopfes anderseits, jeweils bezogen auf den Mittelpunkt des Schlüsselkopfes, sich um weniger als den Faktor 1,5 voneinander unterscheiden und insbesondere im wesentlichen gleichgross sind.To achieve this object, it is provided according to the invention that the support element is fastened to a support ring mounted on the ring, that the support ring encloses the key head with the exception of the attachment, that the support element runs approximately tangentially to the ring or the key head and that the effective lengths the support element on the one hand and the approach of the key head on the other hand, each with respect to the center of the key head, differ from one another by less than a factor of 1.5 and in particular are essentially the same size.

Dadurch, dass die wirksamen Längen der beiden Teile, an denen die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit angreift, im wesentlichen gleich gross sind, wird die Kraft der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit gut ausgenutzt, da die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit gewissermassen die Basis eines gleichschenkligen Dreiecks bildet. Infolge des günstigen Kräfteverlaufs kann die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit relativ klein ausgebildet werden. Durch das sich ergebende kleine Format des gesamten Kraftschraubers ergibt sich eine bessere Handhabungsmöglichkeit. Dadurch, dass die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit unter einem relativ grossen Winkel an dem Ansatz des Schlüsselkopfes angreift, sind zusätzliche Seitenbleche, die die Zugspannungen zwischen dem rückwärtigen Ende der Kolbenzylindereinheit und dem Schlüsselkopf aufnehmen, nicht erforderlich.Because the effective lengths of the two parts on which the piston-cylinder unit acts are essentially the same, the force of the piston-cylinder unit is well utilized, since the piston-cylinder unit forms the basis of an isosceles to some extent Triangle forms. As a result of the favorable course of forces, the piston-cylinder unit can be made relatively small. The resulting small size of the entire power wrench results in better handling options. Due to the fact that the piston-cylinder unit engages the shoulder of the key head at a relatively large angle, additional side plates which absorb the tensile stresses between the rear end of the piston-cylinder unit and the key head are not necessary.

Die Länge des Stützelementes und des Ansatzes des Schlüsselkopfes müssen nicht genau gleich sein. Es reicht vielmehr aus, wenn beide Längen in der gleichen Grössenordnung sind, die ungefähr dadurch begrenzt werden kann, dass sich beide Längen um weniger als den Faktor 1,5 unterscheiden. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Faktor, um den sich die beiden Längen unterscheiden, jedoch weniger als 1,2.The length of the support element and the attachment of the key head need not be exactly the same. Rather, it is sufficient if both lengths are of the same order of magnitude, which can be limited approximately by the fact that the two lengths differ by less than the factor 1.5. However, the factor by which the two lengths differ is preferably less than 1.2.

Eine erhebliche Verringerung der Baugrösse und eine Vereinfachung der Herstellung ergibt sich in vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung dadurch, dass der Zylinder der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit starr mit dem Ansatz des Schlüsselkopfes verbunden ist und dass die an dem Stützelement gelenkig angreifende Kolbenstange ebenfalls gelenkig an der Rückseite des Kolbens angreift. Dabei wird keine separate Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit benötigt, sondern der Zylinder ist gewissermassen in den Ansatz des Schlüsselkopfes integriert. Der Kolben wird somit unmittelbar aus dem Ansatz des Schlüsselkopfes ausgefahren und gegen das Stützelement gedrückt.A significant reduction in size and a simplification of manufacture results in an advantageous further development of the invention in that the cylinder of the piston-cylinder unit is rigidly connected to the shoulder of the key head and that the piston rod, which is articulated on the support element, is also articulated on the rear of the piston attacks. No separate piston-cylinder unit is required, but the cylinder is, so to speak, integrated into the attachment of the key head. The piston is thus moved directly out of the neck of the key head and pressed against the support element.

Da bei fester Verbindung oder einstückiger Ausbildung von Schlüsselkopf und Zylinder der Zylinder keine Verschwenkung relativ zu dem Schlüsselkopf ausführen kann, muss das kolbenseitige Ende der Kolbenstange gelenkig mit dem Kolben verbunden sein, so dass die Kolbenstange über ein erstes Gelenk mit dem Stützelement und über ein zweites Element mit dem Kolben verbunden ist, und sich entsprechend der jeweiligen Hubposition des Kolbens in ihrem Winkel frei einstellen kann.Since the cylinder cannot execute a pivoting movement relative to the key head when the key head and cylinder are firmly connected or in one piece, the piston-side end of the piston rod must be connected to the piston in an articulated manner, so that the piston rod has a first joint with the support element and above a second element is connected to the piston, and its angle can be freely adjusted according to the respective stroke position of the piston.

Um die erforderlichen Schwenkbewegungen der Kolbenstange zu ermöglichen, ist in vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung die Kolbenstange auf einem wesentlichen Teil ihrer Länge von einem fest mit dem Kolben verbundenen Mantel mit Abstand umgeben, der durch eine abgedichtete Öffnung aus dem Zylinder herausführt. Innerhalb des Mantels hat die Kolbenstange genügend Bewegungsfreiheit, um sich auf die verschiedenen Stellungen des Stützelementes und des Schlüsselkopfes relativ zueinander einstellen zu können. Der Kolben selbst hat nur eine relativ kurze axiale Länge und an ihm greift, noch im Inneren der Zylinders, die verschwenkbare Kolbenstange an. Dies führt zu einer kurzen Baulänge der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit, weil der erforderliche Gelenkpunkt sich im Inneren des Zylinders unmittelbar am Kolben oder in Höhe des Kolbenbodens befindet.In order to enable the necessary pivoting movements of the piston rod, in an advantageous further development of the invention, the piston rod is surrounded for a substantial part of its length by a jacket which is firmly connected to the piston and which leads out of the cylinder through a sealed opening. The piston rod has sufficient freedom of movement within the jacket in order to be able to adjust to the different positions of the support element and of the key head relative to one another. The piston itself has only a relatively short axial length and the pivotable piston rod engages on it, still inside the cylinder. This leads to a short overall length of the piston-cylinder unit because the required articulation point is located inside the cylinder directly on the piston or at the level of the piston head.

Bei der Arbeitsbewegung des Kolbens, also wenn der Ansatz des Schlüsselkopfes und das Stützelement auseinandergedrückt werden, wird eine relativ grosse Kolbenkraft benötigt. Die für den Rückhub des Kolbens erforderliche Kraft ist dagegen viel kleiner. Wenn der Zylinder als doppelt wirkender Zylinder ausgebildet ist, dessen beide Fluidanschlüsse wechselweise mit einer Druckleitung und einer Rücklaufleitung verbindbar sind, dann hat durch den die Kolbenstange umgebenden Mantel die rückwärtige Zylinderkammer ein relativ kleines Volumen und auch die rückwärtige Kolbenfläche ist ziemlich klein. Der Kolben kann daher mit einer geringen Fluidmenge wieder in die Rückzugsstellung gebracht werden, so dass der Rückhub mit grösserer Geschwindigkeit und geringerer Fluidmenge durchgeführt wird als der Arbeitshub.A relatively large piston force is required during the working movement of the piston, that is to say when the key head attachment and the support element are pressed apart. The force required to return the piston is much smaller. If the cylinder is designed as a double-acting cylinder, the two fluid connections of which can be connected alternately to a pressure line and a return line, then the rear cylinder chamber has a relatively small volume due to the jacket surrounding the piston rod, and the rear piston area is also quite small. The piston can therefore be brought back into the retracted position with a small amount of fluid, so that the return stroke is carried out at a higher speed and with a smaller amount of fluid than the working stroke.

Wenn die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit nahe an dem Ring angeordnet ist, ergeben sich kurze Hebelwege und zur Aufbringung des erforderlichen Drehmomentes ist eine grosse Kraft erforderlich. Die Gelenke der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit müssen daher einer hohen Beanspruchung standhalten. Um dies zu erreichen, weist die Kolbenstange an mindestens einem Ende eine kalottenförmige Ausnehmung auf, in der eine Kugel sitzt, die in einer entsprechenden Ausnehmung des Stützteiles bzw. des Kolbens abgestützt ist. Überraschenderweise hat sich herausgestellt, dass bei einer Abstützung mittels einer Kugel, die in zwei Kalotten liegt, ein Gelenk, das einer bestimmten Belastung standhalten muss, mit wesentlich kleineren Abmessungen realisiert werden kann als bei üblichen Gelenkkonstruktionen. Dies wird darauf zurückgeführt, dass bei einer Kugel nach anfänglicher Deformierung eine vollflächige Anlage der betreffenden Teile erfolgt, so dass die zu übertragende Last sich besser verteilt als beispielsweise bei einem zylindrischen Bolzen einer Gelenkverbindung. Auch die Anpassung an die kraftübernehmenden bzw. die die Kraft weiterleitenden Bauteile ist ausgezeichnet, da eine perfekte Anpassung in jeder Richtung erfolgt und keine Schwerwirkungen auftreten.If the piston-cylinder unit is arranged close to the ring, there are short lever distances and a large force is required to apply the required torque. The joints of the piston-cylinder unit must therefore withstand high loads. In order to achieve this, the piston rod has at least one end a dome-shaped recess in which a ball is seated, which is supported in a corresponding recess in the support part or the piston. Surprisingly, it has been found that with a support by means of a ball that lies in two spherical caps, a joint that has to withstand a certain load can be realized with considerably smaller dimensions than with conventional joint designs. This is attributed to the fact that in the case of a ball, after the initial deformation, the parts concerned are in full contact, so that the load to be transmitted is distributed better than, for example, in the case of a cylindrical bolt of an articulated connection. The adaptation to the force-transmitting or the force-transmitting components is also excellent, since there is a perfect adaptation in every direction and there are no serious effects.

Um eine Schraube, die kein grosses Widerstandsmoment aufbringt, nicht durch zahlreiche Hübe der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit bewegen zu müssen, sondern kontinuierlich drehen zu können, ist gemäss einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung an dem Schlüsselkopf ein Zahnrad gelagert, das mit einer Verzahnung des Ringes in Eingriff ist und unabhängig von einer Betätigung der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit in der einen Drehrichtung gedreht werden kann.In order to be able to continuously rotate a screw that does not have a large moment of resistance, instead of having to move it through numerous strokes of the piston-cylinder unit, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a gearwheel is mounted on the key head, which has a toothing of the ring is engaged and can be rotated in one direction of rotation regardless of an actuation of the piston-cylinder unit.

Im folgenden wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren näher erläutert.A preferred embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen Kraftschrauber und
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie 11-11 der Fig. 1.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a power screwdriver and
  • 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1st

Der dargestellte Kraftschrauber weist einen Schlüsselkopf 10 auf, der eine im wesentlichen kreisrunde Ausnehmung 11 besitzt, in der ein Ring 12 drehbar gelagert ist. Der Ring 12 ist an seiner Aussenfläche zylindrisch ausgebildet und er trägt dort im Mittelbereich seiner Länge eine Aussenverzahnung 13. Zu beiden Seiten der Aussenverzahnung 13 weist der Ring 12 zylindrische Lagerflächen 14 und 15 auf. Das Innere des Ringes 12 ist als Sechskant-Kanal 16 oder als ein anderes unrundes Innenprofil ausgebildet. In den Sechskant-Kanal 16 kann beispielsweise eine Schlüsselnuss eingesteckt werden, die auf diese Weise drehfest mit dem Ring 12 verbunden werden kann.The power wrench shown has a key head 10 which has a substantially circular recess 11 in which a ring 12 is rotatably mounted. The ring 12 is cylindrical on its outer surface and there it has an outer toothing 13 in the central region of its length. The ring 12 has cylindrical bearing surfaces 14 and 15 on both sides of the outer toothing 13. The inside of the ring 12 is designed as a hexagonal channel 16 or as another non-circular inner profile. For example, a key socket can be inserted into the hexagon channel 16, which can be connected to the ring 12 in a rotationally fixed manner in this way.

Wie insbesondere Fig. 2 zeigt, weist der Schlüsselkopf 10, der den Ring 12 auf einem erheblichen Teil des Umfangs umschliesst, eine umlaufende innere Nut 17 auf, die Raum zur Aufnahme der Aussenverzahnung 13 des Ringes 12 bietet. Die beidseitig der Ringnut 17 befindlichen Flächen 11 laufen auf den Lagerflächen 14 und 15 des Ringes 12, so dass der Schlüsselkopf 10 und der Ring 12 relativ zueinander zentriert sind.As shown in FIG. 2 in particular, the key head 10, which surrounds the ring 12 over a considerable part of the circumference, has a circumferential inner groove 17 which offers space for receiving the external toothing 13 of the ring 12. The surfaces 11 on both sides of the annular groove 17 run on the bearing surfaces 14 and 15 of the ring 12, so that the key head 10 and the ring 12 are centered relative to one another.

Der Schlüsselkopf 10 weist einen radial abstehenden Ansatz 18 auf, der die Zylinderbohrung 19 der Kolbenzylindereinheit 20 sowie eine Ratsche 21 enthält.The key head 10 has a radially projecting shoulder 18 which contains the cylinder bore 19 of the piston-cylinder unit 20 and a ratchet 21.

Der Schlüsselkopf 10 ist, mit Ausnahme des Ansatzes 18, von dem Stützring 22 des Stützelementes 23 umschlossen. Der Stützring 22 ist im Querschnitt U-förmig gestaltet, wobei die Stirnseiten seiner Schenkel auf den Lagerflächen 14, 15 des Ringes 12 gleiten. Der Stützring 22 umschliesst den Schlüsselkopf 10, weist jedoch eine Öffnung zum Durchtritt des Ansatzes 18 auf. Das Stützelement 23 besteht aus einer Platte, die etwa tangential zu dem Schlüsselkopf 10 bzw., zu dem Ring 12 verläuft und die mit den seitlichen Platten 24 eine U-förmige Struktur bildet. Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, ragt der Ansatz 18 zwischen die seitlichen Platten 24 des Stützelementes 23.The key head 10 is, with the exception of the extension 18, enclosed by the support ring 22 of the support element 23. The support ring 22 is U-shaped in cross section, the end faces of its legs sliding on the bearing surfaces 14, 15 of the ring 12. The support ring 22 surrounds the key head 10, but has an opening for the passage of the extension 18. The support element 23 consists of a plate which extends approximately tangentially to the key head 10 or to the ring 12 and which forms a U-shaped structure with the side plates 24. 1 shows, the extension 18 projects between the side plates 24 of the support element 23.

In der Zylinderbohrung 19 des Ansatzes 18 ist der Kolben 25 verschiebbar. Der Kolben ist mit Dichtungen 26 gegen die Zylinderwand abgedichtet und weist an seiner Rückseite eine kalottenförmige Ausnehmung 27 auf, in die eine passende Stahlkugel 28 eingesetzt ist. Gegen die Stahlkugel 28 drückt die Kolbenstange 29, die an ihrem stirnseitigen Ende ebenfalls eine kalottenförmige Ausnehmung 30 aufweist. Die Stahlkugel 28 bildet auf diese Weise zusammen mit den kalottenförmigen Ausnehmungen 27 und 30 ein auf Druck zu beanspruchendes Gelenk.The piston 25 is displaceable in the cylinder bore 19 of the extension 18. The piston is sealed with seals 26 against the cylinder wall tet and has on its back a dome-shaped recess 27 into which a suitable steel ball 28 is inserted. The piston rod 29 presses against the steel ball 28 and also has a dome-shaped recess 30 at its front end. In this way, the steel ball 28, together with the dome-shaped recesses 27 and 30, forms a joint to be stressed.

Ein ähnliches Gelenk befindet sich am anderen Ende der Kolbenstange 29. Dieses Gelenk besteht aus einer Kugel 31, die in einer kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung 32 des Endes der Kolbenstange 29 und einer kalottenförmigen Ausnehmung 33 des Stützelementes 23 sitzt.A similar joint is located at the other end of the piston rod 29. This joint consists of a ball 31, which is seated in a spherical recess 32 of the end of the piston rod 29 and a spherical recess 33 of the support element 23.

Die Kolbenstange 29 ist von einem zylindrischen Mantel 34 umgeben, der fest mit dem Kolben 25 verbunden ist. Das Ende der Zylinderbohrung 19 ist durch eine Buchse 35 verschlossen und gegenüber dem Mantel 34 mit Dichtungen 36 abgedichtet. Der Zylinder der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 20 ist als doppelt wirkender Zylinder ausgebildet und mit einer ersten Anschlussleitung 37 und einer zweiten Anschlussleitung 38 verbunden. Wenn die erste Anschlussleitung 37 mit Druck beaufschlagt wird, dient die zweite Anschlussleitung 38 als Rücklaufleitung und umgekehrt. Die erste Anschlussleitung 37 führt in das rückwärtige Ende der Zylinderbohrung 19 und die zweite Anschlussleitung 38 in das vordere Ende der Zylinderbohrung 19 hinein. Die zu den Anschlüssen führenden Leitungen sind nicht dargestellt. Der Mantel 34 ist mit dem Stützelement 23 durch eine (nichtdargestellte) Feder verbunden, um zu verhindern, dass der Ansatz 18 und das Stützelement auseinandergeschwenkt werden.The piston rod 29 is surrounded by a cylindrical jacket 34 which is firmly connected to the piston 25. The end of the cylinder bore 19 is closed by a bush 35 and sealed with seals 36 with respect to the jacket 34. The cylinder of the piston-cylinder unit 20 is designed as a double-acting cylinder and is connected to a first connection line 37 and a second connection line 38. If pressure is applied to the first connection line 37, the second connection line 38 serves as a return line and vice versa. The first connection line 37 leads into the rear end of the cylinder bore 19 and the second connection line 38 into the front end of the cylinder bore 19. The lines leading to the connections are not shown. The jacket 34 is connected to the support element 23 by a spring (not shown) in order to prevent the extension 18 and the support element from being pivoted apart.

Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, sind die Abstände der Kugeln 28 und 33 vom Mittelpunkt des Ringes 12 bzw. des Schlüsselkopfes 10 ungefähr gleich. Wenn durch den Einlass 37 Druck in die Zylinderbohrung 19 eingeleitet wird, wird der Kolben 25 (gemäss Fig. 2 nach links) ausgefahren. Wenn das Stützelement 23 gegen ein (nichtdargestelltes) festes Widerlager gelegt wird, wird der Ansatz 18 im Uhrzeigersinn um den Mittelpunkt des Ringes 12 herum gedreht. Der Angriffspunkt des Druckes an dem Ansatz 18 liegt im Mittelpunkt 40 der Stirnfläche der Zylinderbohrung. Der Abstand des Punktes 40 vom Mittelpunkt des Ringes 12 ist nicht wesentlich grösser als der Abstand der Kugel 31 vom Mittelpunkt des Ringes 12, so dass die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit das Stützelement 23 und den Arm 18 wirksam auseinanderdrückt.1 shows, the distances between the balls 28 and 33 from the center of the ring 12 and the key head 10 are approximately the same. When pressure is introduced into the cylinder bore 19 through the inlet 37, the piston 25 is extended (to the left according to FIG. 2). When the support member 23 is placed against a fixed abutment (not shown), the shoulder 18 is rotated clockwise around the center of the ring 12. The point of application of the pressure at the extension 18 lies in the center 40 of the end face of the cylinder bore. The distance of the point 40 from the center of the ring 12 is not significantly greater than the distance of the ball 31 from the center of the ring 12, so that the piston-cylinder unit effectively pushes the support element 23 and the arm 18 apart.

Die Ratsche 21, die bei einer Schwenkbewegung des Schlüsselkopfes 10 den Ring 12 nur in einer Richtung (im Uhrzeigersinn) mitnimmt, in der Gegenrichtung aber einen freien Rücklauf des Schlüsselkopfes ermöglicht, ist bei dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls in dem abstehenden Ansatz 18 des Schlüsselkopfes 10 untergebracht. Sie besteht aus einem Verzahnungssegment 41, das in einem Hohlraum 42 des Schlüsselkopfes 10 untergebracht ist und mit seinen Zähnen in die Aussenverzahnung 13 des Ringes 12 eingreift. Das Verzahnungssegment 41 weist an seiner Rückseite entlang einer Schrägschulter eine kalottenförmige Ausnehmung 43 auf, in die eine Kugel 44 eingesetzt ist. Die Kugel ragt ferner in eine kalottenförmige Ausnehmung 45 an der Stirnseite eines Druckstückes 46 hinein. Das rückwärtige Ende des Druckstückes 46 ist ebenfalls mit einer Kugel 47, die in zwei Kalottenschalen 48, 49 sitzt, an einem Schraubstück 50 abgestützt. Das Druckstück 46 ist in einer Bohrung 51 des Ansatzes 18 untergebracht. Das äussere Ende dieser Bohrung ist mit einem Gewinde versehen und mit dem Schraubstück 50 verschlossen. Das innere Ende der Bohrung 51 mündet in den Hohlraum 42. Die Bohrung 51 verläuft so, dass die Verlängerung ihrer Achse den Kreis der Aussenverzahnung 13 des Ringes 12 als Sekante schneidet. Diese Sekante verläuft etwas ausserhalb der Mitte des senkrecht auf ihr stehenden Radius.The ratchet 21, which takes the ring 12 only in one direction (clockwise) when the key head 10 is pivoted, but enables the key head to return freely in the opposite direction, is also accommodated in the protruding projection 18 of the key head 10 in the exemplary embodiment described . It consists of a toothed segment 41, which is accommodated in a cavity 42 of the key head 10 and engages with its teeth in the external toothing 13 of the ring 12. The toothing segment 41 has on its rear side along a sloping shoulder a dome-shaped recess 43 into which a ball 44 is inserted. The ball also projects into a dome-shaped recess 45 on the end face of a pressure piece 46. The rear end of the pressure piece 46 is also supported on a screw piece 50 by a ball 47, which is seated in two spherical caps 48, 49. The pressure piece 46 is accommodated in a bore 51 of the extension 18. The outer end of this hole is threaded and closed with the screw 50. The inner end of the bore 51 opens into the cavity 42. The bore 51 extends so that the extension of its axis intersects the circle of the external teeth 13 of the ring 12 as a secant. This secant runs somewhat outside the center of the radius perpendicular to it.

Da der Durchmesser der Bohrung 51 so gross ist, dass das Druckstück 46 Pendelbewegungen in der Bohrung 51 ausführen kann, kann das Verzahnungssegment 41 sich aus dem Eingriff der Aussenverzahnung 13 lösen. Wird der Ansatz 18 jedoch im Uhrzeigersinn verschwenkt, dann wirkt das Druckstück 46 mit den durch die Kugeln 44 und 47 gebildeten Gelenken als Kniehebelmechanismus, durch den das Verzahnungssegment 41 in die Verzahnung 13 hineingepresst wird. Auf diese Weise erfolgt bei einer Drehung des Schlüsselkopfes 10 im Uhrzeigersinn eine Mitnahme des Ringes 12 über die Ratsche 21.Since the diameter of the bore 51 is so large that the pressure piece 46 can perform oscillating movements in the bore 51, the toothed segment 41 can be released from the engagement of the external toothing 13. However, if the shoulder 18 is pivoted clockwise, the pressure piece 46 with the joints formed by the balls 44 and 47 acts as a toggle lever mechanism by which the toothed segment 41 is pressed into the toothing 13. In this way, when the key head 10 is turned clockwise, the ring 12 is carried along via the ratchet 21.

Bei einer Drehung des Schlüsselkopfes 10 im Gegenuhrzeigersinn löst sich dagegen das Verzahnungssegment 41 aus seinem Eingriff mit der Verzahnung 13, so dass bei dieser Bewegung keine Mitnahme erfolgt.On the other hand, when the key head 10 is turned counterclockwise, the toothed segment 41 is released from its engagement with the toothed part 13, so that there is no entrainment during this movement.

Da die Drehung des Ringes 12 durch zahlreiche Hübe des Kolbens 25 relativ langsam vor sich geht, ist im Inneren des Schlüsselkopfes ein Zahnrad 55 gelagert, das mit der Aussenverzahnung 13 des Ringes 12 in Eingriff steht. Das Zahnrad 55 ist frei drehbar an dem Schlüsselkopf 10 gelagert und steht in Eingriff mit einem weiteren Zahnrad 56, das ebenfalls an dem Schlüsselkopf 10 gelagert ist. Das zweite Zahnrad 56 weist einen Innenvierkant 57 auf, in den ein Werkzeug eingesteckt werden kann, um den Ring 12 manuell zu drehen. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, Schrauben mit geringem Drehmoment anzuziehen, bevor das eigentliche Festziehen durch die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 20 erfolgt.Since the rotation of the ring 12 is relatively slow due to numerous strokes of the piston 25, a gear 55 is mounted inside the key head, which meshes with the external toothing 13 of the ring 12. The gear 55 is freely rotatable on the key head 10 and is in engagement with a further gear 56, which is also mounted on the key head 10. The second gear 56 has an inner square 57, into which a tool can be inserted in order to manually turn the ring 12. In this way it is possible to tighten screws with a low torque before the actual tightening takes place by the piston-cylinder unit 20.

Claims (6)

1. Power wrench comprising a wrench head (10) in which a ring (12) connectible to a bolt head is pivoted, a piston-cylinder unit (20) whose cylinder is integrated into a fixed attachment (18) of the wrench head (10) and which presses against a support element (23) adaptable to a stationary abutment, and an entrainment system (21) driven by the piston-cylinder unit (20) and entraining the ring (12) only in one sense of rotation of the wrench head (10) characterized in that the support element (23) is fixed to a support ring (22) positioned on ring (12), that the support ring (22) encloses the wrench head except for the attachment (18), the support element (23) extending approximately tangentially relative to ring (12) or to the wrench head (10) and the effective lengths of the support element (23), on the one hand, and of the attachment (18) of the wrench head, on the other hand, each with respect to the center of the wrench head (10) differing from one another by less than a factor 1.5 and, in particular, being substantially of the same size.
2. Power wrench according to claim 1, characterized in that over a substantial portion of its length, the piston rod (29) is enclosed by a jacket (34) spaced thereof and fixed to the piston (25), the jacket extending out of the cylinder (19) through a sealed aperture.
3. Power wrench according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cylinder (19) is of the double acting type whose two fluid connections (37, 38) can be connected alternatingly to a pressure line and a return line.
4. Power wrench according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one end of the piston rod (29) comprises a concave recess (30, 32) in which a ball (28, 31) is seated which is supported by a corresponding recess (27, 33) of the support element (23) or of the piston (25).
5. Power wrench according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that, with a specific piston position, the two hinge points of the piston rod (29) are equidistant from the center of the wrench head (10).
6. Power wrench according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cogwheel (55) positioned at the wrench head (10) is meshing with a toothing (13) of ring (12) and is able to be turned in one sense of rotation independently of an operation of the piston cylinder unit (20).
EP81101131A 1980-03-05 1981-02-17 Power wrench Expired EP0035164B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81101131T ATE11242T1 (en) 1980-03-05 1981-02-17 IMPACT WRENCH.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3008332 1980-03-05
DE3008332A DE3008332C2 (en) 1980-03-05 1980-03-05 Power operated turning tool

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0035164A1 EP0035164A1 (en) 1981-09-09
EP0035164B1 true EP0035164B1 (en) 1985-01-16

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ID=6096271

Family Applications (1)

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EP81101131A Expired EP0035164B1 (en) 1980-03-05 1981-02-17 Power wrench

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EP (1) EP0035164B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE11242T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3008332C2 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3113481A1 (en) * 1981-04-03 1982-10-28 Wagner, Paul-Heinz, 5203 Much "POWER SCREWDRIVER"
DE3113482A1 (en) * 1981-04-03 1982-10-28 Wagner, Paul-Heinz, 5203 Much "POWER SCREWDRIVER"
DE3413202A1 (en) * 1984-04-07 1985-10-17 Wagner, Paul-Heinz, 5203 Much POWER SCREWDRIVER
DE8435272U1 (en) * 1984-12-01 1985-02-28 Wagner, Paul-Heinz, 5203 Much HYDRAULIC SCREWDRIVER
GB8525983D0 (en) * 1985-10-22 1985-11-27 Hydra Tight Ltd Power tools
DE3811776A1 (en) * 1988-01-23 1989-08-03 Wagner Paul Heinz Hydraulic power screwing device

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD62789A (en) *
US2752810A (en) * 1954-09-21 1956-07-03 Ingersoll Rand Co Power operated ratchet wrench
FR2256803A1 (en) * 1974-01-03 1975-08-01 Abdellatif Ala Tool for turning car wheel nuts - has socket spanner in pinned triangle with hydraulic jack as one arm
DE2529818C3 (en) * 1975-07-04 1977-12-22 Wagner Paul Heinz MOTOR DRIVEN FREEWHEELING WRENCH
DE2631852C2 (en) * 1976-07-15 1984-02-02 Dymax Maschinenbau- und Handelsgesellschaft mbH, 5300 Bonn Power driven ratchet wrench
GB1584068A (en) * 1976-10-19 1981-02-04 Junkers J Hydraulic wrench
CA1060238A (en) * 1976-11-22 1979-08-14 Glenn F. Depagter Drive mechanism for power ratchet wrench

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3168221D1 (en) 1985-02-28
DE3008332C2 (en) 1982-12-16
EP0035164A1 (en) 1981-09-09
DE3008332A1 (en) 1981-09-24
ATE11242T1 (en) 1985-02-15

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