EP0034277B1 - Method and apparatus for the electrostatic powder coating of articles - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the electrostatic powder coating of articles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034277B1
EP0034277B1 EP81100608A EP81100608A EP0034277B1 EP 0034277 B1 EP0034277 B1 EP 0034277B1 EP 81100608 A EP81100608 A EP 81100608A EP 81100608 A EP81100608 A EP 81100608A EP 0034277 B1 EP0034277 B1 EP 0034277B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spray head
powder
air mixture
air
external rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81100608A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0034277A3 (en
EP0034277A2 (en
Inventor
Roland Andreas Dipl.-Ing. Meisner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF Farben und Fasern AG
Original Assignee
BASF Farben und Fasern AG
BASF Lacke und Farben AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF Farben und Fasern AG, BASF Lacke und Farben AG filed Critical BASF Farben und Fasern AG
Priority to AT81100608T priority Critical patent/ATE9547T1/en
Publication of EP0034277A2 publication Critical patent/EP0034277A2/en
Publication of EP0034277A3 publication Critical patent/EP0034277A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0034277B1 publication Critical patent/EP0034277B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B3/1064—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces the liquid or other fluent material to be sprayed being axially supplied to the rotating member through a hollow rotating shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0403—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0415—Driving means; Parts thereof, e.g. turbine, shaft, bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0418—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces designed for spraying particulate material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for electrostatically powder coating objects by supplying a powder-air mixture to a spray head, fanning out the powder-air mixture stream and throwing off the powder particles from the spray head, conveying the powder particles onto the object to be coated by applying an electric field between the spray head and subject.
  • Spray systems are known (BE-A-766966), in which powder is fed to a baffle with the aid of compressed air as a powder-air mixture, which fans out the powder-air mixture, in which case partly due to the residual pulse of the powder grain present partly due to the electrical forces, which act on a charged powder grain in the electric field, the powder-air mixture is transported to the object to be coated.
  • the powder grain is charged either inside the spray system or outside it. As the powder particles hit the baffle plate with high energy, signs of wear and sintering occur here.
  • DE-A-2416 081 describes a spraying device for electrostatic powder coating systems in which a fluidized powder stream strikes a rotating, almost horizontal disc with blade-shaped webs at a certain angle and is then centrifugally centrifugally thrown off.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the powder particles are sintered onto the disk or the webs due to the concentric supply of the powder particles at a distance from the axis of rotation and that considerable wear and tear occurs due to the high speed of the powder particles.
  • the invention has for its object to eliminate the wear and sintering problems that have occurred so far, to achieve easy process controllability and to solve the problems of undefined friction charging that occur at the same time in the known methods.
  • This object on which the invention is based is achieved in that the powder-air mixture, which is fluidized in a manner known per se, is freely supplied to the interior of the spray head in the axial center of the rotating spray head in the axial direction, the vacuum generated by the spray head being blown into the conveying path by air of the powder-air mixture is controlled in such a way that the conveying speed is decelerated and then the powder-air mixture is positively accelerated to the bell rim and transported to the rim of the bell with the spray head and spun off.
  • This measure completely avoids the wear and sintering problems that have previously occurred and at the same time eliminates the undefined friction charges.
  • a device for carrying out the method is based on a coating device with a spray head rotating around a central axis and a central feed of the powder-air mixture, as described in BE-A-766 966.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that a number of radial compressed air nozzles are provided in the central feed line.
  • the device has a nozzle ring arranged in the rear area of the spray head, which creates an annular air jacket, so that the air balance around the rotating spray head is ensured and the sprayed powder cone is given a defined axial thrust by the circular, rotating air curtain.
  • the fluidized powder stream is fed to the spray head through the fixed hollow axis in the region of the lowest relative speed and the lowest centrifugal acceleration.
  • the pitch circle diameter and the bore geometry of the nozzle ring are chosen accordingly in relation to the air flow.
  • 1 denotes a feed line designed as a hollow shaft, which supports bearings 10, 10 ', a spray head 2 with a rotor 5, a stator 11 of the drive motor and a dynamic seal 15.
  • An electrical feed line 8 for the stator 11 is guided in a groove 14 on the feed line 1 through the bearing 10 '.
  • the feed line 1 ends in a diffuser 12 which carries the fluidized powder directly to the suction edge feeds a rotor blade 3 of the compressor.
  • a disc 4 prevents the compressor from flowing into the half space located in front of the spray head 2.
  • the ratio of air to fluidized powder can be influenced by a radial ring of compressed air nozzles 7 in such a way that the powder feed can be interrupted.
  • Nozzle bores 9 of a compressed air nozzle ring 6 produce an annular air curtain which imparts an axial thrust to the powder curtain which is thrown off at an edge 13.
  • the device is driven by a turbine drive with a rotor 16 and a nozzle ring 17 instead of by an electric drive.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for electrostatically coating an object using electrostatically charged powder grains. The invention improves upon the spray bell sprayer by having a fixed hollow shaft providing a central supply line for the powder grains, the spray bell rotates about the hollow shaft and a plurality of compressed air nozzles pass radially into the hollow shaft.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum elektrostatischen Pulverbeschichten von Gegenständen durch Zuführen eines Pulver-Luftgemisches zu einem Sprühkopf, Auffächern des Pulver-Luftgemischstromes und Abschleudern der Pulverteilchen vom Sprühkopf, Fördern der Pulverteilchen auf den zu beschichtenden Gegenstand hin durch Anlegen eines elektrischen Feldes zwischen Sprühkopf und Gegenstand.The invention relates to a method for electrostatically powder coating objects by supplying a powder-air mixture to a spray head, fanning out the powder-air mixture stream and throwing off the powder particles from the spray head, conveying the powder particles onto the object to be coated by applying an electric field between the spray head and subject.

Es sind Sprühsysteme bekannt (BE-A-766966), bei denen Pulver mit Hilfe von Druckluft als Pulver-Luftgemisch einem Prallkörper zugeführt wird, der das Pulver-Luftgemisch auffächert, wobei dann teils durch den vorhandenen Restimpuls des Pulverkorns teils durch die elektrischen Kräfte, die im elektrischen Feld auf ein geladenes Pulverkorn wirken, das Pulver-Luftgemisch zum zu überziehenden Gegenstand transportiert wird. Die Aufladung des Pulverkorns erfolgt entweder innerhalb des Sprühsystems oder außerhalb desselben. Da die Pulverteilchen mit hoher Energie auf die Prallplatte treffen, treten hier Verschleißerscheinungen und Ansinterungen auf.Spray systems are known (BE-A-766966), in which powder is fed to a baffle with the aid of compressed air as a powder-air mixture, which fans out the powder-air mixture, in which case partly due to the residual pulse of the powder grain present partly due to the electrical forces, which act on a charged powder grain in the electric field, the powder-air mixture is transported to the object to be coated. The powder grain is charged either inside the spray system or outside it. As the powder particles hit the baffle plate with high energy, signs of wear and sintering occur here.

Es sind auch Systeme bekanntgeworden (US-A-29 80 338), bei denen dem Pulver-Luftstrom noch im Sprühsystem ein Drall aufgeprägt wird. Nach Verlassen des Sprühsystems fächert dieser Drall dann den Partikelstrom auf.Systems have also become known (US Pat. No. 2,980,338), in which a swirl is imparted to the powder air flow even in the spray system. After leaving the spray system, this swirl fans out the particle flow.

In der DE-A-2416 081 wird eine Sprühvorrichtung für elektrostatische Pulverbeschichtungsanlagen beschrieben, bei der auf eine rotierende, nahezu horizontal stehende, mit schaufelförmigen Stegen versehene Scheibe ein fluidisierter Pulverstrom unter bestimmtem Winkel auftrifft und dann durch die Zentrifugalkraft radial abgeschleudert wird. Der Nachteil dieses Verfahrens besteht darin, daß durch die konzentrische aber im Abstand von der Drehachse erfolgende Zuführung der Pulverteilchen ein Ansintern der Pulverteilchen an der Scheibe bzw. den Stegen erfolgt und daß aufgrund der den Pulverteilchen schon eigenen hohen Geschwindigkeit erhebliche Verschleißerscheinungen auftreten.DE-A-2416 081 describes a spraying device for electrostatic powder coating systems in which a fluidized powder stream strikes a rotating, almost horizontal disc with blade-shaped webs at a certain angle and is then centrifugally centrifugally thrown off. The disadvantage of this method is that the powder particles are sintered onto the disk or the webs due to the concentric supply of the powder particles at a distance from the axis of rotation and that considerable wear and tear occurs due to the high speed of the powder particles.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bisher auftretenden Verschleiß- und Ansinterprobleme zu beseitigen, eine leichte Prozeßsteuerbarkeit zu erreichen und die gleichzeitig bei den bekannten Verfahrensweisen auftretenden Probleme der undefinierten Reibungsaufladung zu lösen.The invention has for its object to eliminate the wear and sintering problems that have occurred so far, to achieve easy process controllability and to solve the problems of undefined friction charging that occur at the same time in the known methods.

Diese der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß das in an sich bekannter Weise fluidisierte Pulver-Luftgemisch im axialen Zentrum des umlaufenden Sprühkopfes in axialer Richtung desselben frei dem Sprühkopfinnenraum zugeführt wird, wobei der von dem Sprühkopf erzeugte Unterdruck durch Einblasen von Luft in den Förderweg des Pulver-Luftgemisches so gesteuert wird, daß die Fördergeschwindigkeit verzögert und dann das Pulver-Luftgemisch mit dem Sprühkopf formschlüssig auf 500 bis 6000 UPM beschleunigt zum Glockenrand transportiert und abgeschleudert wird. Durch diese Maßnahme werden die bisher auftretenden Verschleiß- und Ansinterprobleme vollständig vermieden und gleichzeitig die undefinierten Reibungsaufladungen ausgeschaltet.This object on which the invention is based is achieved in that the powder-air mixture, which is fluidized in a manner known per se, is freely supplied to the interior of the spray head in the axial center of the rotating spray head in the axial direction, the vacuum generated by the spray head being blown into the conveying path by air of the powder-air mixture is controlled in such a way that the conveying speed is decelerated and then the powder-air mixture is positively accelerated to the bell rim and transported to the rim of the bell with the spray head and spun off. This measure completely avoids the wear and sintering problems that have previously occurred and at the same time eliminates the undefined friction charges.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geht aus von einer Beschichtungsvorrichtung mit einem um eine zentrale Achse umlaufenden Sprühkopf und zentraler Zuführung des Pulver-Luftgemisches, wie es in der BE-A-766 966 beschrieben wird.A device for carrying out the method is based on a coating device with a spray head rotating around a central axis and a central feed of the powder-air mixture, as described in BE-A-766 966.

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung kennzeichnet sich dadurch, daß in der zentrischen Zuführleitung eine Anzahl von radialen Druckluftdüsen vorgesehen ist.The device according to the invention is characterized in that a number of radial compressed air nozzles are provided in the central feed line.

Hierdurch wird eine kontrollierte Prozeßsteuerbarkeit erreicht, da die Nachförderung des fluidisierten Pulvers durch die Saugwirkung des Sprühkopfes bewirkt wird und der von dem Kopf erzeugte Unterdruck durch Einblasen von Luft in den Förderweg des Pulverluftgemisches steuerbar ist. Zusätzlich weist die Vorrichtung einen im rückwärtigen Bereich des Sprühkopfes angeordneten Düsenkranz auf, der einen ringförmigen Luftmantel erzeugt, so daß einmal der Lufthaushalt um den rotierenden Sprühkopf sichergestellt wird und zum andern der abgesprühte Pulverkegel durch den kreisförmigen, rotierenden Luftschleier einen definierten Axialschub erhält.In this way, controlled process controllability is achieved since the subsequent conveying of the fluidized powder is brought about by the suction effect of the spray head and the negative pressure generated by the head can be controlled by blowing air into the conveying path of the powder air mixture. In addition, the device has a nozzle ring arranged in the rear area of the spray head, which creates an annular air jacket, so that the air balance around the rotating spray head is ensured and the sprayed powder cone is given a defined axial thrust by the circular, rotating air curtain.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensweise und Vorrichtung wird der fluidisierte Pulverstrom dem Sprühkopf durch die feststehende Hohlachse im Bereich der geringsten Reiativgeschwindigkeit und der geringsten Zentrifugalbeschleunigung zugeführt. Der Teilkreisdurchmesser und die Bohrungsgeometrie des Düsenkranzes werden in Relation zum Luftdurchsatz entsprechend gewählt.In the procedure and device according to the invention, the fluidized powder stream is fed to the spray head through the fixed hollow axis in the region of the lowest relative speed and the lowest centrifugal acceleration. The pitch circle diameter and the bore geometry of the nozzle ring are chosen accordingly in relation to the air flow.

Im Fall eines Elektromotors als Antrieb für den Sprühkopf liegt dieser zweckmäßigerweise an Hochspannung und wird über einen Trenntransformator betrieben.In the case of an electric motor as a drive for the spray head, this is expediently connected to high voltage and is operated via an isolating transformer.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen definiert.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the subclaims.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings.

Die Zeichnungen zeigen dabei in

  • Figur 1 einen Schnitt durch eine elektrisch angetriebene Ausführungsform und in
  • Figur 2 einen Schnitt durch eine pneumatisch angetriebene Ausführungsform.
The drawings show in
  • 1 shows a section through an electrically driven embodiment and in
  • Figure 2 shows a section through a pneumatically driven embodiment.

In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 eine als Hohlwelle ausgebildete Zuführleitung bezeichnet, die Lagerungen 10, 10' einen Sprühkopf 2 mit einem Rotor 5, einen Stator 11 des Antriebsmotors und eine dynamische Dichtung 15 trägt. Eine elektrische Zuleitung 8 für den Stator 11 wird in einer Nut 14 auf der Zuführleitung 1 durch das Lager 10' geführt. Die Zuführleitung 1 endet in einem Diffusor 12, der das fluidisierte Pulver direkt der Saugkante einer Laufschaufel 3 des Verdichters zuführt. Eine Scheibe 4 verhindert ein Anströmen des Verdichters aus dem vor den Sprühkopf 2 liegenden Halbraum. Durch einen radialen Ring von Druckluftdüsen 7 läßt sich das Verhältnis von Luft zu fluidisiertem Pulver so beeinflussen, daß die Pulverförderung unterbrochen werden kann. Düsenbohrungen 9 eines Druckluftdüsenkranzes 6 erzeugen einen kreisringförmigen Luftschleier, der dem an einer Kante 13 abgeschleuderten Pulverschleier einen Axialschub aufprägt.In FIG. 1, 1 denotes a feed line designed as a hollow shaft, which supports bearings 10, 10 ', a spray head 2 with a rotor 5, a stator 11 of the drive motor and a dynamic seal 15. An electrical feed line 8 for the stator 11 is guided in a groove 14 on the feed line 1 through the bearing 10 '. The feed line 1 ends in a diffuser 12 which carries the fluidized powder directly to the suction edge feeds a rotor blade 3 of the compressor. A disc 4 prevents the compressor from flowing into the half space located in front of the spray head 2. The ratio of air to fluidized powder can be influenced by a radial ring of compressed air nozzles 7 in such a way that the powder feed can be interrupted. Nozzle bores 9 of a compressed air nozzle ring 6 produce an annular air curtain which imparts an axial thrust to the powder curtain which is thrown off at an edge 13.

In Fig. 2 wird die Vorrichtung anstelle durch einen elektrischen Antrieb durch einen Turbinenantrieb mit einem Rotor 16 und einem Düsenring 17 angetrieben.2, the device is driven by a turbine drive with a rotor 16 and a nozzle ring 17 instead of by an electric drive.

Claims (8)

1. Process for the electrostatic powder coating of articles by feeding a powder/air mixture to a spray head, fanning-out the stream of powder/air mixture and throwing off the powder particles from the spray head, and conveying the powder particles in the direction of the article to be coated by applying an electric field between the spray head and the article, characterised in that the powder/air mixture, which has been fluidised . in a manner known per se, in the axial centre of the rotating spray head is fed freely to the internal cavity of the spray head, in the axial direction of the said head, the suction created by the spray head being so controlled by blowing air into the conveying path of the powder/air mixture that the conveying speed is retarded and that then the powder/air mixture, accelerated positively together with the spray head to 500-6,000 rpm, is transported to the bell rim and thrown off.
2. Device for the electrostatic powder coating of articles by means of a spray head (2) which rotates about a central axis and has a central feed of the powder/air mixture, characterised in that a plurality of radial compressed air nozzles (7) are provided in the centric feed line (1).
3. Device according to Claim 2, characterised by a ring of nozzles (6), located in the rear zone of the bell-shaped spray head (2), the ring of nozzles creating an annular air jacket.
4. Device according to Claim 2, characterised by an external rotor motor (5, 11), constructed as an electric motor, for driving the spray head (2).
5. Device according to Claim 2, characterised by an external rotor motor (5, 11), constructed as a compressed air turbine (16, 17), for driving the spray head (2).
6. Device according to Claim 2, characterised in that the internal contour of the spray head (2) is provided with continuous rotor blades.
7. Device according to Claims 2 and 4, characterised in that the electrical external rotor motor (5, 11) is connected to a high voltage and is operated via an isolating transformer.
8. Device according to Claim 7, characterised in that the speed of rotation of the electric external rotor motor (5, 11) can be varied by varying the synchronous frequency.
EP81100608A 1980-02-15 1981-01-28 Method and apparatus for the electrostatic powder coating of articles Expired EP0034277B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81100608T ATE9547T1 (en) 1980-02-15 1981-01-28 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELECTROSTATIC POWDER COATING OF OBJECTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3005678 1980-02-15
DE3005678A DE3005678C2 (en) 1980-02-15 1980-02-15 Method and device for electrostatic powder coating of objects

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0034277A2 EP0034277A2 (en) 1981-08-26
EP0034277A3 EP0034277A3 (en) 1981-12-16
EP0034277B1 true EP0034277B1 (en) 1984-09-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81100608A Expired EP0034277B1 (en) 1980-02-15 1981-01-28 Method and apparatus for the electrostatic powder coating of articles

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US (2) US4430359A (en)
EP (1) EP0034277B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE9547T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3005678C2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0034277A3 (en) 1981-12-16
US4450785A (en) 1984-05-29
US4430359A (en) 1984-02-07
DE3166227D1 (en) 1984-10-31
EP0034277A2 (en) 1981-08-26
DE3005678A1 (en) 1981-08-20
DE3005678C2 (en) 1982-06-24
ATE9547T1 (en) 1984-10-15

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