EP0031920B1 - Soldering terminal for securing electrical conducting wires - Google Patents

Soldering terminal for securing electrical conducting wires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0031920B1
EP0031920B1 EP80107826A EP80107826A EP0031920B1 EP 0031920 B1 EP0031920 B1 EP 0031920B1 EP 80107826 A EP80107826 A EP 80107826A EP 80107826 A EP80107826 A EP 80107826A EP 0031920 B1 EP0031920 B1 EP 0031920B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaped
soldering
coil
wire
pair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80107826A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0031920A2 (en
EP0031920A3 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Ing. Grad. Meindl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0031920A2 publication Critical patent/EP0031920A2/en
Publication of EP0031920A3 publication Critical patent/EP0031920A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0031920B1 publication Critical patent/EP0031920B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F5/00Coils
    • H01F5/04Arrangements of electric connections to coils, e.g. leads
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/50Fixed connections
    • H01R12/51Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/55Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals
    • H01R12/58Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals terminals for insertion into holes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F5/00Coils
    • H01F5/04Arrangements of electric connections to coils, e.g. leads
    • H01F2005/046Details of formers and pin terminals related to mounting on printed circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a soldering lug formed by folding together the halves of an element made of spring sheet metal by 180 °, with a part which can be fixed in a coil-body flange (32) of an electrical coil and with a V-shaped free end, the legs of which resiliently hold a wire end of the coil winding ( 33).
  • soldering lugs inserted into the flanges of the coil bodies of electrical coils usually have to be wrapped with the coil wire in order to fix the winding wire ends.
  • Solder tails are also known, in which the ends of the winding wires are pinched by mechanical deformation of the solder tail and thereby fixed.
  • These known designs require a considerable amount of time to fix the ends of the winding wires, with additional, manually operable aids being required in some cases, which are difficult to automate.
  • the known platelet-shaped soldering lug (1) partially broken and shown in plan view in FIG. 1, has a notch-like open-edge recess (2) into which the end of the winding wire can be clamped.
  • the disadvantage of this soldering tag is its rigid design, which must be matched to the respective wire diameter.
  • a solder lug known from DE-A-1 490 729 has a V-shaped spread end which has resilient properties only in a short area and can therefore only exert limited clamping effects.
  • This well-known soldering lug is in general intended and suitable only for injection into a coil former flange and not for insertion into corresponding recesses in the coil former flange.
  • a solder lug known from US-A-3 663 914 has resilient properties over its entire length; it is also suitable for insertion into corresponding blind holes in a coil body flange, but does not have any pin-like legs oriented at right angles, by means of which insertion into rectangular openings in the coil body flange is only possible.
  • FR-A-2 349 198 shows soldering tags with legs oriented at right angles to one another; however, these solder tails are only designed in the usual way.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a fixable to a bobbin flange soldering lug, which offers a simple, non-destructive and fast way to fix differently strong electrical wires, especially winding wires, in place until the soldering process is completed
  • the soldering lug itself should be held on the coil former flange in a particularly reliable manner; in particular, this soldering tag should be suitable for use in electrical coils, which are wound automatically.
  • the invention provides for a soldering lug of the type mentioned at the outset that it consists of a T-shaped element made of spring sheet metal folded about its longitudinal central axis, one pair of legs (7, 14) having the V-shaped spread and the other pair of legs (8) designed as a pin and can be inserted into a rectangular opening (41) in the coil body flange (32).
  • a solder tail designed in this way not only supports the desired automatic winding of coil formers; it can also be produced in the simplest way. Only two operations are required for production, namely the punching out of T-shaped parts from spring sheet metal and a folding process in which the T-shaped parts are folded along their central axis by 180 °.
  • solder tags not only have resilient properties in their V-shaped spread ends, but also in their connecting pin-like legs, which results in an excellent, secure fit of these solder tags in the slot-like openings in the coil body flanges.
  • the wire With this soldering lug, the wire can be fixed quickly and securely even with different wire thicknesses. Only by pulling the wire between the spread leaf spring ends is it sufficient to hold the wire sufficiently for the subsequent soldering process. An additional wrapping of the wire with the wire, which is very complex, can be omitted. By pulling the electrically insulated wire ends into the soldering tab, the lacquer insulation is torn open at the points to be soldered, thereby achieving safe and quick soldering. When winding bobbins automatically, the winding machines can pull the winding wire ends directly into the soldering lug and fix them in place.
  • the pair of leaf springs is made in one piece from a T- folded around its longitudinal central axis by 180 °. shaped element made of spring steel.
  • the end of the solder lug facing away from the V-shaped spread end is designed as an electrical connecting pin, for example for printed circuits.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are particularly suitable for use in bobbin flanges, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • soldering lugs 6 have latching lugs 10 integrally formed on them.
  • embossments 13, 15 or 12, 16 With its pin-shaped part 8, the solder tail is guided through an opening in the circuit board and e.g. soldered to a conductor track 35.
  • the leaf spring ends 7, 14 are - as indicated at 9 - hook-shaped and thus allow the possibility of additional fixation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine durch Zusammenklappen der Hälften eines Elementes aus Federblech um 180° gebildete Lötfahne, mit einem in einem Spulenkörperflansch (32) einer elektrischen Spule verschiebungssicher fixierbaren Teil und mit einem V-förmig aufgespreizten freien Ende, dessen Schenkel federnd ein Drahtende des Spulenwickels (33) anliegen.The invention relates to a soldering lug formed by folding together the halves of an element made of spring sheet metal by 180 °, with a part which can be fixed in a coil-body flange (32) of an electrical coil and with a V-shaped free end, the legs of which resiliently hold a wire end of the coil winding ( 33).

Bereits bekannte, in die Flansche der Spulenkörper elektrischer Spulen eingesetzte stift- oder hakenförmige Lötfahnen müssen zur Fixierung der Wickeldrahtenden meist mit dem Spulendraht umwickelt werden. Bekannt sind auch Lötfahnen, bei denen die Wickeldrahtenden durch mechanische Deformation der Lötfahne eingeklemmt und dadurch fixiert werden. Diese bekannten Ausführungen bedingen einen erheblichen Zeitaufwand für die Fixierung der Wickeldrahtenden, wobei zum Teil zusätzliche, von Hand betätigbare Hilfsmittel notwendig sind, die nur schwer automatisierbar sind.Already known pin-shaped or hook-shaped soldering lugs inserted into the flanges of the coil bodies of electrical coils usually have to be wrapped with the coil wire in order to fix the winding wire ends. Solder tails are also known, in which the ends of the winding wires are pinched by mechanical deformation of the solder tail and thereby fixed. These known designs require a considerable amount of time to fix the ends of the winding wires, with additional, manually operable aids being required in some cases, which are difficult to automate.

Die in Fig. 1 teilweise gebrochen und in Draufsicht dargestellte, bekannte plättchenförmige Lötfahne (1) besitzt eine kerbenartige randoffene Ausnehmung (2), in die das Wickeldrahtende einklemmbar ist. Der Nachteil dieser Lötfahne ist ihre starre Ausführung, die auf den jeweiligen Drahtdurchmesser abgestimmt sein muss.The known platelet-shaped soldering lug (1), partially broken and shown in plan view in FIG. 1, has a notch-like open-edge recess (2) into which the end of the winding wire can be clamped. The disadvantage of this soldering tag is its rigid design, which must be matched to the respective wire diameter.

Unterschiedliche Drahtstärken erfordern demzufolge jeweils eine andere Lötfahnenausführung. Ausserdem besteht hier stets die Gefahr, dass die Drähte beim Fixieren durch eine scharfkantige Kerbe durchgetrennt werden.Different wire sizes therefore require a different solder lug design. In addition, there is always the risk that the wires will be cut through by a sharp-edged notch when fixing.

Eine durch die DE-A-1 490 729 bekannte Lötfahne besitzt ein V-förmig aufgespreiztes Ende, das nur in einem kurzen Bereich federnde Eigenschaften aufweist und deshalb nur beschränkte Klemmwirkungen auszuüben vermag. Diese bekannte Lötfahne ist i.ü. nur zum Einspritzen in einen Spulenkörperflansch und nicht zum Einschieben in entsprechende Ausnehmungen im Spulenkörperflansch bestimmt und geeignet.A solder lug known from DE-A-1 490 729 has a V-shaped spread end which has resilient properties only in a short area and can therefore only exert limited clamping effects. This well-known soldering lug is in general intended and suitable only for injection into a coil former flange and not for insertion into corresponding recesses in the coil former flange.

Eine durch die US-A-3 663 914 bekannte Lötfahne besitzt zwar über ihre gesamte Länge federnde Eigenschaften; sie ist auch zum Einschieben in entsprechende Sacklöcher eines Spulenkörperflansches geeignet, besitzt jedoch keine hierzu rechtwinklig ausgerichteten anschlussstiftartigen Schenkel, mittels denen erst das Einschieben in rechtwinklige Durchbrechungen im Spulenkörperflansch möglich ist.A solder lug known from US-A-3 663 914 has resilient properties over its entire length; it is also suitable for insertion into corresponding blind holes in a coil body flange, but does not have any pin-like legs oriented at right angles, by means of which insertion into rectangular openings in the coil body flange is only possible.

Schliesslich zeigt die FR-A-2 349 198 im Unterschied zu den beiden vorgenannten Patentschriften zwar Lötfahnen mit rechtwinklig zueinander ausgerichteten Schenkeln; jedoch sind diese Lötfahnen nur in üblicher Weise ausgestaltet.Finally, in contrast to the two aforementioned patents, FR-A-2 349 198 shows soldering tags with legs oriented at right angles to one another; however, these solder tails are only designed in the usual way.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine an einem Spulenkörperflansch fixierbare Lötfahne zu schaffen, die auf einfache, zerstörungsfreie und schnelle Weise die Möglichkeit bietet, unterschiedlich starke elektrische Leitungsdrähte, insbesondere Wickeldrähte, bis zum Abschluss des Lötvorganges sicher in ihrer Lage zu fixieren wobei die Halterung der Lötfahne selbst am Spulenkörperflansch in besonders zuverlässiger Weise erfolgen soll; insbesondere soll diese Lötfahne zum Einsatz in elektrischen Spulen geeignet sein, deren Bewicklung automatisch erfolgt.The present invention has for its object to provide a fixable to a bobbin flange soldering lug, which offers a simple, non-destructive and fast way to fix differently strong electrical wires, especially winding wires, in place until the soldering process is completed The soldering lug itself should be held on the coil former flange in a particularly reliable manner; in particular, this soldering tag should be suitable for use in electrical coils, which are wound automatically.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung bei einer Lötfahne der eingangs genannten Art vor, dass diese aus einem um seine Längsmittelachse geklappten T-förmigen Element aus Federblech besteht, dessen eines Schenkelpaar (7, 14) die V-förmige Aufspreizung aufweist und dessen anderes Schenkelpaar (8) anschlussstiftförmig gestaltet und in eine rechtwinklige Durchbrechung (41) im Spulenkörperflansch (32) einsetzbar ist.To achieve this object, the invention provides for a soldering lug of the type mentioned at the outset that it consists of a T-shaped element made of spring sheet metal folded about its longitudinal central axis, one pair of legs (7, 14) having the V-shaped spread and the other pair of legs (8) designed as a pin and can be inserted into a rectangular opening (41) in the coil body flange (32).

Eine derart gestaltete Lötfahne unterstützt nicht nur die angestrebte automatische Bewicklung von Spulenkörpern; sie ist auch in einfachster Weise herstellbar. Zur Fertigung sind nur zwei Arbeitsgänge erforderlich, nämlich das Ausstanzen T-förmiger Teile aus Federblech und ein Klappvorgang, bei dem die T-förmigen Teile längs ihrer Mittelachse um 180° geklappt werden.A solder tail designed in this way not only supports the desired automatic winding of coil formers; it can also be produced in the simplest way. Only two operations are required for production, namely the punching out of T-shaped parts from spring sheet metal and a folding process in which the T-shaped parts are folded along their central axis by 180 °.

Diese Lötfahnen besitzen nicht nur in ihren V-förmig aufgespreizten Enden federnde Eigenschaften, sondern auch in ihren anschlussstiftartigen Schenkeln, was einen hervorragenden, verschiebesicheren Sitz dieser Lötfahnen in den schlitzartigen Durchbrechungen der Spulenkörperflansche bewirkt.These solder tags not only have resilient properties in their V-shaped spread ends, but also in their connecting pin-like legs, which results in an excellent, secure fit of these solder tags in the slot-like openings in the coil body flanges.

Durch diese Lötfahne ist der Draht selbst bei unterschiedlicher Drahtstärke rasch und sicher fixierbar. Allein durch das Einziehen des Drahtes zwischen die gespreizten Blattfederenden ist bereits eine für den anschliessenden Lötvorgang ausreichende Halterung des Drahtes gewährleistet. Ein zusätzliches Umwickeln der Lötfahne mit dem Draht, das sehr aufwendig ist, kann entfallen. Durch das Einziehen der elektrisch isolierten Wikkeldrahtenden in die Lötfahne wird die Lackisolierung an der zu lötenden Stellen aufgerissen und dadurch eine sichere und schnelle Lötung erreicht. Beim automatischen Bewickeln von Spulenkörpern können die Wickelautomaten die Wikkeldrahtenden unmittelbar in die Lötfahne einziehen und fixieren.With this soldering lug, the wire can be fixed quickly and securely even with different wire thicknesses. Only by pulling the wire between the spread leaf spring ends is it sufficient to hold the wire sufficiently for the subsequent soldering process. An additional wrapping of the wire with the wire, which is very complex, can be omitted. By pulling the electrically insulated wire ends into the soldering tab, the lacquer insulation is torn open at the points to be soldered, thereby achieving safe and quick soldering. When winding bobbins automatically, the winding machines can pull the winding wire ends directly into the soldering lug and fix them in place.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 2, 3 in Seitenansicht bzw. Draufsicht ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel des Gegenstandes nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 4 eine für den Einsatz von Lötfahnen nach Fig. 2 und 3 geeignete elektrische Spule mit Lötfahnen nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 5 einen in Fig. 4 mit A angedeuteten Ausschnitt in vergrössertem Massstab.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. It shows:
  • 2, 3 in side view and plan view of a first embodiment of the object according to the invention,
  • 4 is an electrical coil with soldering lugs according to the invention suitable for the use of soldering lugs according to FIGS. 2 and 3,
  • 5 shows a detail indicated in FIG. 4 with A on an enlarged scale.

Die Lötfahne 6 gemäss Fig. 2, 3 besteht aus einem geschichteten Blattfedernpaar, wobei die Blattfedern im Bereich des zueinander parallelen einen Schenkelpaares 7, 14 V-förmig gespreizt und im Bereich des anderen Schenkelpaares 8 anschlussstiftförmig ausgebildet sind. Nach Fig. 3 ist das Blattfedernpaar einstückig aus einem um seine Längsmittelachse um 180° geklappten T-förmigen Element aus Federblech gefertigt. Das zum V-förmig gespreizten Ende abgekehrte Ende der Lötfahne ist als elektrischer Anschlussstift z.B. für gedruckte Schaltungen ausgebildet.2, 3 consists of a layered pair of leaf springs, the leaf springs being spread out in a V-shape in the region of a pair of legs 7, 14 parallel to one another and being designed in the form of a connecting pin in the region of the other pair of legs 8. According to FIG. 3, the pair of leaf springs is made in one piece from a T- folded around its longitudinal central axis by 180 °. shaped element made of spring steel. The end of the solder lug facing away from the V-shaped spread end is designed as an electrical connecting pin, for example for printed circuits.

Die Lötfahne nach Fig. 2 und 3 ist insbesondere zum Einsatz in Spulenkörperflansche geeignet, wie sie in Fig. 4 und 5 dargestellt sind.2 and 3 is particularly suitable for use in bobbin flanges, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt dabei eine auf einer Leiterplatte 34 befestigte, mit einer Wicklung 33 bewickelte Spule mit einem mit seiner Längsmittelachse zur Leiterplatte parallelen Spulenkörper 31 mit Spulenkörperflanschen 32. Die Spulenkörperflansche 32 weisen gemäss Fig. 5 rechtwinkelige Durchbrechungen 41 auf, in welche die Lötfahnen 6 eingeschoben sind. Die Lötfahnen 6 tragen zu ihrer Fixierung in den Durchbrechungen 41 einstückig angeformte Rastnasen 10. Zur zusätzlichen Fixierung der Lötfahnen in den Durchbrechungen können diese mit Prägungen 13, 15 bzw. 12, 16 ausgerüstet sein. Mit ihrem stiftförmigen Teil 8 ist die Lötfahne durch eine Durchbrechung in der Leiterplatte geführt und z.B. mit einer Leiterbahn 35 verlötet. Die Blattfederenden 7, 14 sind - wie dies bei 9 angedeutet ist - hakenförmig geformt und gewähren so die Möglichkeit einer zusätzlichen Fixierung.4 shows a coil fastened to a printed circuit board 34, wound with a winding 33, with a coil former 31 with coil former flanges 32 with its longitudinal central axis parallel to the circuit board. The coil former flanges 32 have, according to FIG 6 are inserted. To fix them in the openings 41, the soldering lugs 6 have latching lugs 10 integrally formed on them. For additional fixing of the soldering lugs in the openings, these can be equipped with embossments 13, 15 or 12, 16. With its pin-shaped part 8, the solder tail is guided through an opening in the circuit board and e.g. soldered to a conductor track 35. The leaf spring ends 7, 14 are - as indicated at 9 - hook-shaped and thus allow the possibility of additional fixation.

Claims (1)

  1. A soldering tag which is formed by folding the halves of an element made of spring sheet-metal, through 180°, having a part which can be fixed so as to be secure against movement in a coil former flange (32) of an electrical coil, and having a V-shaped splayed free end, the limbs of which abut resiliently against a wire end of the coil winding (33), characterised in that a T-shaped element, which is made of spring sheet-metal and folded about its longitudinal central axis, and one pair of limbs (7, 14) of which has the V-shaped spread, and the other pair of limbs (8) of which is shaped like a connecting pin and can be inserted into a rectangular opening (41) in the coil former flange, serves as a soldering tag (6).
EP80107826A 1979-12-14 1980-12-11 Soldering terminal for securing electrical conducting wires Expired EP0031920B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2950415 1979-12-14
DE2950415A DE2950415C2 (en) 1979-12-14 1979-12-14 Solder lug for attaching electrical wires

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0031920A2 EP0031920A2 (en) 1981-07-15
EP0031920A3 EP0031920A3 (en) 1981-07-22
EP0031920B1 true EP0031920B1 (en) 1984-12-05

Family

ID=6088532

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80107826A Expired EP0031920B1 (en) 1979-12-14 1980-12-11 Soldering terminal for securing electrical conducting wires

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4466681A (en)
EP (1) EP0031920B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5693271A (en)
DE (1) DE2950415C2 (en)
ES (1) ES265067Y (en)
PT (1) PT72189B (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58107579U (en) * 1982-01-18 1983-07-22 クラリオン株式会社 Connecting terminal
US4662698A (en) * 1985-02-22 1987-05-05 Amp Incorporated Electrical terminal having wire-receiving slot formed from two plate-like members
US4600259A (en) * 1985-02-22 1986-07-15 Amp Incorporated Electrical terminal having wire-receiving slot for relatively small diameter wires and connectors containing such terminals
US6491553B2 (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-12-10 Berg Technology, Inc. Electrical connector having an electrical contact with a formed solder cup

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734177A (en) * 1956-02-07 gilbert
FR1100973A (en) * 1954-03-11 1955-09-27 Cie Ind Des Telephones Improvement in electric coil casings
US3027536A (en) * 1958-12-05 1962-03-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Insulation stripping wire connector
US3054027A (en) * 1959-07-30 1962-09-11 Cons Electronics Ind Winding terminal
US3181107A (en) * 1962-07-11 1965-04-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Contact clamp
DE1490729A1 (en) * 1964-12-30 1969-06-26 Siemens Ag Solder lug for insulating body
US3368114A (en) * 1965-07-06 1968-02-06 Radiation Inc Microelectronic circuit packages with improved connection structure
US3663914A (en) * 1971-06-14 1972-05-16 Western Electric Co Bobbin wound coil assembly and electrical terminals therefor
US3845455A (en) * 1973-10-12 1974-10-29 Amp Inc Tubular conductor-in-slot connecting device
US4036546A (en) * 1973-11-26 1977-07-19 Thompson John T Parts comprising a metal strap, U-shaped metal clip, and adjustable clamping means, for making an electrical terminal assembly
DE2617466A1 (en) * 1976-04-21 1977-11-03 Siemens Ag REEL BODY

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2950415A1 (en) 1981-06-19
PT72189A (en) 1981-01-01
ES265067U (en) 1983-02-16
JPS5693271A (en) 1981-07-28
ES265067Y (en) 1983-08-01
PT72189B (en) 1982-01-05
EP0031920A2 (en) 1981-07-15
DE2950415C2 (en) 1986-05-22
EP0031920A3 (en) 1981-07-22
US4466681A (en) 1984-08-21

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