EP0031763B1 - Dispositif de commande d'un réacteur nucléaire par déplacement vertical d'un ensemble absorbant les neutrons - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande d'un réacteur nucléaire par déplacement vertical d'un ensemble absorbant les neutrons Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0031763B1
EP0031763B1 EP80401818A EP80401818A EP0031763B1 EP 0031763 B1 EP0031763 B1 EP 0031763B1 EP 80401818 A EP80401818 A EP 80401818A EP 80401818 A EP80401818 A EP 80401818A EP 0031763 B1 EP0031763 B1 EP 0031763B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inductor
enclosure
magnetic
vertical
leakproof
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80401818A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0031763A3 (en
EP0031763A2 (fr
Inventor
Jacques Defaucheux
Gilbert Pasqualini
Albert Wiart
Jean Martin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Areva NP SAS
Original Assignee
Framatome SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Framatome SA filed Critical Framatome SA
Publication of EP0031763A2 publication Critical patent/EP0031763A2/fr
Publication of EP0031763A3 publication Critical patent/EP0031763A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0031763B1 publication Critical patent/EP0031763B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
    • G21C7/06—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section
    • G21C7/08—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section by displacement of solid control elements, e.g. control rods
    • G21C7/12—Means for moving control elements to desired position
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling a nuclear reactor by vertical displacement of a neutron absorbing assembly inside the reactor core and dropping the absorbing assembly into the maximum insertion position under the effect of its own weight for emergency stop.
  • absorbent assemblies constituted by tubes containing a material strongly absorbing neutrons are moved inside the core, between the combustible elements and in the direction vertical.
  • control rods are introduced by the upper end of the core, so that a vertical and downward movement corresponds to a reduction in the power supplied by the reactor and that a vertical and upward movement corresponds to an increase of the power supplied by the reactor.
  • control rods In addition, if any accident requires an emergency stop, the control rods must be able to fall under the effect of their weight very quickly in the position of maximum insertion into the reactor core.
  • Any device for controlling a nuclear reactor using the vertical displacement of absorbent assemblies such as control rods must therefore be capable of achieving on the one hand the precise displacement of the rods inside the core with possible stopping in one position. determined and on the other hand the instant and extremely safe release of these control bars, for emergency stop.
  • control bars are generally connected at their upper part to a control rod which is moved by a mechanism arranged inside a sealed enclosure in communication with the interior of the reactor and containing the reactor exchange fluid, for example pressurized water in the case of pressurized water nuclear reactors.
  • control rod is connected at its upper part to a magnetic part comprising annular projections, the displacement of which is ensured by a set of electromagnets supplied with electric current so as to create a magnetic field sliding in the axial direction.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a device for controlling a nuclear reactor by vertical displacement of an assembly absorbing the neutrons inside the core of the reactor and dropping the absorbing assembly in the maximum insertion position.
  • the absorbent assembly being fixed to the lower end of a vertical control rod, movable inside a sealed cylindrical enclosure with vertical axis in communication with the interior of the reactor at its upper part to a piece of magnetic material of generally cylindrical shape arranged coaxially inside the sealed enclosure, movable vertically in this enclosure, guided in its movements and comprising a plurality of annular projections also spaced in the axial direction of the cylindrical part, the diameter of which is slightly less than the internal diameter of the sealed enclosure, the device further comprising at least one inductor located é outside the sealed enclosure, provided with at least two polar masses spaced in the axial direction by a distance equal to the distance separating two successive annular projections from the cylindrical part, these polar masses being at a distance of the enclosure, in the radial direction, sufficiently
  • control rod 3 which is connected to its lower part not shown in the absorbent element and to its upper part, by means of a device 4 which will be described in more detail detail, to a magnetic part 6 having parts 7 projecting in the radial direction relative to the body of the part 6.
  • This magnetic piece 6 is constituted by a hollow central rod on which are successively threaded annular pieces of large diameter made of magnetic steel constituting the radial projections 7 and tubular pieces of smaller diameter constituting the body of the piece 6.
  • the radial projections are spaced a constant length along the axial direction of the part 6.
  • annular guide parts 8 are also threaded on the central rod, all the parts threaded on this rod being kept in axial position by a system clamp 9 at the upper end of the rod.
  • the lower end of this central rod is welded to an end piece forming part of the fixing device 4.
  • the annular parts 8 allow precise guiding of the part 6 inside the sealed enclosure 1 while the annular parts 7 have a diameter slightly less than the inside diameter of the enclosure 1, these parts providing very little play in the radial direction between their outer surface and the surface of enclosure 1.
  • the enclosure 1 is made of a magnetic material.
  • control rod 3 and the part 6 are entirely disposed inside the enclosure 1.
  • a movable inductor 10 which will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • This inductor is constituted by a cylindrical jacket 11 inside which are stacked magnetic circuits, one above the other in the axial direction of the device.
  • each of these circuits comprises two parts 12 and 13 in the portion of a ring constituted by permanent magnets, for example made of Ticonal and two protruding pole pieces 14 and 15 made of magnetic material.
  • All the magnetic circuits are held inside the cylindrical casing 11 by two end plates 17 and 18 and by three rods 19, 20 and 21 fixed at their end passing through the plates 17 and 18.
  • the inductor guide devices 22 and 3 are fixed to the end plates 17 and 18 respectively, however a third guide device 24 is interposed, at the central part of the inductor, between two magnetic circuits.
  • the guiding devices 22, 23 and 24 comprise rollers rolling on the external surface of the sealed enclosure 1.
  • the upper plate 17 carries on the other hand a suspension device 25 itself connected to two chains such as 26 for driving the inductor in a movement of vertical displacement by means of drive devices 27 and 28 arranged on either side of the inductor.
  • Each of the drive devices 27 or 28 of the chains comprises a drive chain pulley such as 30 and a deflection chain pulley such as 31 disposed respectively in the upper part and in the lower part of the casing 2.
  • the driving pulleys such as 30 are driven by a motor 32, by means of bevel gears such as 33.
  • the motor 32 is fixed to the upper part of the enclosure 2 around the sealed enclosure 1.
  • the movement of the motor is transmitted by means of a jacket 34, the lower part of which constitutes a bevel gear meshing with the two pinions such as 33.
  • the two chains move synchronously in the vertical direction, driving the inductor when the motor 32 is started.
  • the motor 32 is an asynchronous motor equipped with a brake for lack of current which allows precise movements of the inductor to be made with possible stopping in a position determined by cutting the current.
  • the inductor comprises a number of magnetic circuits equal to the number of radial projections 7 of the magnetic part 6 and on the other hand each of the pole pieces such as 14 and 15, as can be seen in FIG. 1 on the right side of which these pole pieces have been shown in section by a vertical plane, has a radial projection directed towards the outer surface of the enclosure 1 constituting a polar mass 16 providing a very small clearance between the pole piece and the sealed enclosure.
  • Each of the pole masses 16 has a dimension, in the vertical direction, equal to the height of the annular parts 7 constituting the radial projections of the magnetic part 6.
  • the spacing of the pole masses 16 in the vertical direction is equal to the spacing in the vertical direction of the radial projections 7 of the part 6.
  • Each of the sets of pole pieces 14 and 15 thus houses protruding parts constituting a kind of toothing just like the projections of the magnetic piece 6.
  • connection device 4 comprising a part 36 connected to the end part of the magnetic assembly 6 extended downwards by a jacket 37, the assembly 36-37 having the shape of a bell covering a part 35 integral with the control rod 3.
  • connection device also comprises an electromagnet 38 fixed to the lower plate 18 of the inductor and surrounding the sealed enclosure 1 at the connection device 35-36-37.
  • the electromagnet 38 makes it possible to make the connection between the control rod and the magnetic part when it is supplied or, on the contrary, the release of the control rod and of the absorbent assembly which can fall under the effect of their own weight. when the current of the electromagnet 38 is cut off.
  • the electromagnet 38 constitutes the electromagnetic control of the connection device between the control rod and the magnetic part.
  • the control rod 3 has a diameter much smaller than the internal diameter of the sealed enclosure, so that when the rod falls with the absorbent assembly, in the event of an emergency stop, there is no of resistance to the fall of the absorbent assembly at the level of the control rod, since a large section of water passage is provided around this control rod in the sealed enclosure. The bars are therefore dropped extremely safely and extremely quickly.
  • the main advantages of the invention are that they allow extremely precise and easy-to-control displacements of the absorbent assembly for controlling the reactor, thanks to a mechanism placed outside the sealed enclosure, the transmission of the movement to the control rod and to the absorbent assembly being done by magnetic coupling through the sealed enclosure and also making it possible to cause the fall of the absorbent assembly for the emergency stop in an extremely safe way and extremely fast.
  • the inductor comprises a set of magnetic circuits with permanent magnets comprising two poles but it is also possible to use magnetic circuits with three or four poles, the configuration must be chosen to allow the best coupling between the inductor and the magnetic part.
  • the inductor which has been described included magnetic circuits with radial flux but it is also possible to imagine an inductor comprising a succession of annular pole pieces laires having radial projections towards the sealed enclosure and annular permanent magnets interposed between the pole pieces, this magnetic circuits developing a flow of axial direction allowing the magnetic coupling of the inductor and the central magnetic piece with radial projections.
  • an inductor comprising a pair of coils arranged in saddle around the enclosure and an annular pole piece surrounding the coils on the inner face of which annular recesses have been provided so as to produce projections constituting the polar masses of the inductor.
  • an inductor constituted by a solenoid arranged around the sealed enclosure in a piece of material. magnetic forming two polar masses of the same width and the same spacing as the radial projections of the magnetic piece disposed in the sealed enclosure.
  • the inductor comprises a winding
  • the inductor comprises one or more windings
  • connection between the control rod and the magnetic part resulted from the magnetic forces developed in corresponding parts connected respectively to the control rod and to the magnetic part, but it is also possible to produce this connection by mounting at the lower end of the magnetic part a device with pivoting fingers which can be controlled from outside the enclosure by an electromagnet. The upper end of the control rod is then machined so as to provide a groove to allow the pivoting fingers to engage on this rod.
  • the inductor is driven by mechanical chains and chain pulleys driven by an asynchronous motor, but it is also possible to use other drive devices such as welded or wired link chains and other motor devices such as stepper motors.
  • the number of polar masses and of annular radial projections of the magnetic piece are obviously determined by the characteristics of the material used, but in all cases the axial distribution of several polar masses arranged in front of radial projections of the rod promotes the transverse stability of the magnetic mass during its movements.
  • the invention applies not only to the case of pressurized water nuclear reactors but also in the case of all nuclear reactors the control of which is carried out by displacement of an assembly absorbing the neutrons inside the core of the reactor, the emergency stop being obtained by dropping the absorbent assembly under the effect of its weight in the maximum insertion position.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
EP80401818A 1979-12-19 1980-12-18 Dispositif de commande d'un réacteur nucléaire par déplacement vertical d'un ensemble absorbant les neutrons Expired EP0031763B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7931073 1979-12-19
FR7931073A FR2472248A1 (fr) 1979-12-19 1979-12-19 Dispositif de commande d'un reacteur nucleaire par deplacement vertical d'un ensemble absorbant les neutrons

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0031763A2 EP0031763A2 (fr) 1981-07-08
EP0031763A3 EP0031763A3 (en) 1981-07-22
EP0031763B1 true EP0031763B1 (fr) 1984-03-14

Family

ID=9232932

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80401818A Expired EP0031763B1 (fr) 1979-12-19 1980-12-18 Dispositif de commande d'un réacteur nucléaire par déplacement vertical d'un ensemble absorbant les neutrons

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0031763B1 (show.php)
DE (1) DE3067061D1 (show.php)
FR (1) FR2472248A1 (show.php)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2730338A1 (fr) * 1995-02-03 1996-08-09 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif electromagnetique pour le deplacement d'un ensemble absorbant de reacteur nucleaire
RU2217821C1 (ru) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-27 Опытное Конструкторское Бюро "Гидропресс" Привод регулирующего органа ядерного реактора

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB795565A (en) * 1956-02-02 1958-05-28 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Improvements in or relating to control mechanisms for nuclear reactors
US2952802A (en) * 1957-12-10 1960-09-13 Michelson Carlyle Electromagnetic release mechanism
GB857059A (en) * 1958-06-02 1960-12-29 Asea Ab Electromagnetic displacing means for neutron absorbing control rods
GB940438A (en) * 1961-02-01 1963-10-30 Rolls Royce Magnetic coupling
DE1286638B (de) * 1961-06-06 1969-01-09 Siemens Ag Elektromagnetischer Schrittantrieb zur geradlinigen Bewegung von stangen- oder rohrfoermigen Bauteilen, insbesondere von Regel- oder Abschaltstaeben eines Atomkernreaktors
US3280002A (en) * 1965-03-23 1966-10-18 Hutter Ernest Seal for a control rod apparatus
FR1501050A (fr) * 1966-09-23 1967-11-10 Schlumberger Instrumentation Dispositif d'entraînement magnétique
DE1917169A1 (de) * 1969-04-03 1971-01-07 Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Zweignie Elektromagnetisch arbeitende Vorrichtung,insbesondere zur Bewegung von Regelstaeben fuer Kernreaktoren
DE2263058A1 (de) * 1972-12-22 1974-06-27 Klaus Union Armaturen Stopfbuechsloser antrieb, insbesondere fuer armaturen
GB1489055A (en) * 1973-08-17 1977-10-19 Pont Res & Investment Services Magnetic coupling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2472248B1 (show.php) 1984-09-07
FR2472248A1 (fr) 1981-06-26
EP0031763A3 (en) 1981-07-22
EP0031763A2 (fr) 1981-07-08
DE3067061D1 (en) 1984-04-19

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