EP0031092B1 - Method for manufacturing large numbers of ball-point pen refills - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing large numbers of ball-point pen refills Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0031092B1 EP0031092B1 EP80107824A EP80107824A EP0031092B1 EP 0031092 B1 EP0031092 B1 EP 0031092B1 EP 80107824 A EP80107824 A EP 80107824A EP 80107824 A EP80107824 A EP 80107824A EP 0031092 B1 EP0031092 B1 EP 0031092B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paste
- pressure
- refills
- column
- gas pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K7/00—Ball-point pens
- B43K7/02—Ink reservoirs; Ink cartridges
- B43K7/04—Arrangements for filling the reservoirs, e.g. arrangements at the ball-point ends
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K7/00—Ball-point pens
- B43K7/02—Ink reservoirs; Ink cartridges
- B43K7/03—Ink reservoirs; Ink cartridges pressurised, e.g. by gas
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a large amount of ballpoint refills, the paste column is constantly acted upon by gas pressure.
- a known method consists in bringing two substances which react with one another with gas separation onto the rear end of the paste column, the gas-separating reaction then starting after the paste tube has been completely closed. This process is cumbersome, expensive and inaccurate.
- Another known method is to insert a sealed, gas-containing capsule into the rear end of the paste tube and to provide a sealing plug provided with a needle, the user having to pierce the gas capsule by pressing the plug when the lead is used, in order to build up the gas pressure.
- This method is also imprecise and relatively complex, with the fact that the user still has to manipulate the mine.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing a large amount of ballpoint refills, the paste column is constantly pressurized by gas pressure, which ensures the generation and maintenance of the same gas pressure in all mines in a simple manner, and even in mass production a uniform Quality guaranteed.
- a non-return valve with a passage direction into the interior of the paste tube is first installed at the rear end of each paste tube at a distance from the end of the paste column and then the leads as a whole are introduced into a container in which a gas pressure is generated that corresponds to the desired gas pressure in the mine, and that the mines are then removed from the container after the pressure has been released.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage that when applying the gas pressure there is no need to take any structural details of the mine into account, and that neither chemical means nor mechanical measures or a complicated ultrasound device need to be used. It is sufficient to place a large quantity of the finished ballpoint pen refills in a pressure container and to apply the pressure desired in the refill, so that a corresponding pressure in the air space between the paste column and the valve body is established via the valve in all the mines in the pressure container which is then retained when the ballpoint pen refills are removed from the pressure container.
- the ballpoint pen refill contains a paste tube 1 which is closed on its front side with the spherical writing tip 2 and on its rear side with a stopper 3.
- the writing paste 8 is filled into the paste tube in the required amount and a valve plug is then inserted into the paste tube at a distance from the paste column.
- the valve plug contains a section 4 facing the outer end of the paste tube, the outside diameter of which corresponds approximately to the inside diameter of the paste tube, so that the valve plug can be fastened in a sealed manner in the paste tube.
- a bore 5 runs in the axial direction of the valve plug, which extends from the outer end of section 4 to section 9 and ends therein as a blind bore.
- a bore 10 runs in the radial direction through the section 9, which is connected to the axial bore 5 and together with this forms the inlet channel for the gas into the space 7 above the paste column 8.
- an elastic sealing sleeve is tightly applied, which closes the bore 10 and thus allows gas to enter the space 7, but prevents backflow.
- valve plug including the sealing sleeve, is inserted and fastened into the paste tube as a prefabricated element, whereupon the end plug 3, which is hollow, is attached, so that the gas can reach the valve plug unhindered.
- the application of the desired gas pressure to the room 7 takes place in that the finished ballpoint pen refill is simultaneously entered into a container together with a large number of other refills, in which gas is compressed to a pressure that corresponds to the pressure that also exists in the room 7 Mine is desired.
- the pressure in space 7 then adjusts to the pressure prevailing in the pressure vessel, which pressure is also maintained in space 7 when the pressure vessel is depressurized again.
Landscapes
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer grossen Menge von Kugelschreiberminen, deren Pastensäule ständig durch Gasdruck beaufschlagt ist.The invention relates to a method for producing a large amount of ballpoint refills, the paste column is constantly acted upon by gas pressure.
Bei solchen mit Gasdruck beaufschlagten Kugelschreiberminen besteht das Problem, den Gasdruck im rückwärtigen Teil des Pastenrohres vor dem endgültigen Verschluss des rückwärtigen Rohrendes zu erzeugen und auch sicherzustellen, dass der Gasdruck bei der Herstellung bei jeder Mine die gleiche Grösse besitzt und auch nach seiner Erzeugung erhalten bleibt. Da es sich bei Kugelschreiberminen um Massenartikel handelt, muss das Aufbringen des Gasdruckes auch in wirtschaftlicher Weise durchgeführt werden. Die bekannten Verfahren wurden diesen Ansprüchen nicht gerecht, und sie konnten bei der Massenfertigung keine gleichmässige Qualität gewährleisten.The problem with such ballpoint refills which are pressurized with gas is to generate the gas pressure in the rear part of the paste tube before the final closure of the rear tube end and also to ensure that the gas pressure is the same in the size of each lead and is maintained even after it has been generated . Since ballpoint refills are mass-produced items, the application of the gas pressure must also be carried out in an economical manner. The known methods did not meet these requirements, and they could not guarantee uniform quality in mass production.
Ein bekanntes Verfahren besteht darin, zwei miteinander unter Gasabscheidung reagierende Stoffe auf das rückwärtige Ende der Pastensäule zu bringen, wobei dann nach dem vollständigen Verschliessen des Pastenrohres die gasabscheidende Reaktion einsetzt. Dieses Verfahren ist umständlich, teuer und ungenau.A known method consists in bringing two substances which react with one another with gas separation onto the rear end of the paste column, the gas-separating reaction then starting after the paste tube has been completely closed. This process is cumbersome, expensive and inaccurate.
Ein anderes bekanntes Verfahren besteht darin, in das hintere Ende des Pastenrohres eine abgeschlossene, ein Gas enthaltende Kapsel einzufügen und einen mit einer Nadel versehenen Verschlussstopfen vorzusehen, wobei der Benutzer bei Ingebrauchnahme der Mine durch Druck auf den Stopfen mit der Nadel die Gaskapsel durchstossen muss, um den Gasdruck aufbauen zu können. Auch dieses Verfahren ist ungenau und verhältnismässig aufwendig, wobei noch hinzukommt, dass der Benutzer an der Mine noch eine Manipulation vornehmen muss.Another known method is to insert a sealed, gas-containing capsule into the rear end of the paste tube and to provide a sealing plug provided with a needle, the user having to pierce the gas capsule by pressing the plug when the lead is used, in order to build up the gas pressure. This method is also imprecise and relatively complex, with the fact that the user still has to manipulate the mine.
Weiterhin ist es bekannt, in das hintere Ende des Pastenrohres einen Stopfen einzuschieben, wobei die zwischen dem Ende der Pastensäule und dem Stopfen befindliche Luft komprimiert wird. Dieses Verfahren ist zwar verhältnismässig einfach, jedoch ergeben sich Dichtungsprobleme, und die Menge der im Pastenrohr unterzubringenden Paste ist begrenzt, weil ein Teil des Raumes, der zum Komprimieren der Luftsäule benötigt wird, als Speicherraum für die Paste verlorengeht.Furthermore, it is known to insert a stopper into the rear end of the paste tube, the air located between the end of the paste column and the stopper being compressed. Although this method is relatively simple, there are sealing problems and the amount of paste to be accommodated in the paste tube is limited because part of the space required to compress the air column is lost as a storage space for the paste.
Aus der DE-A-2153 579 ist es bekannt, erst in das Ende jeder Kugelschreibermine einen Stopfen einzusetzen, der mit Nuten versehen ist, worauf das mit dem Stopfen versehene Ende in eine Vorrichtung eingesteckt wird, in der durch die Nuten des Stopfens Druckluft in den Tintenraum einleitbar ist, worauf durch Ultraschallbehandlung die Nuten geschlossen werden, um den auf den Tintenraum ausgeübten Druck aufrechtzuerhalten. Auch hier handelt es sich um ein kompliziertes Verfahren, bei dem jede einzelne Mine für sich in mehreren Verfahrensschritten mit dem Druck beaufschlagt wird, so dass eine wirtschaftliche Fertigung nicht möglich ist.From DE-A-2153 579 it is known to insert a stopper which is provided with grooves only in the end of each ballpoint refill, whereupon the end provided with the stopper is inserted into a device in which compressed air flows in through the grooves of the stopper the ink space can be introduced, whereupon the grooves are closed by ultrasound treatment in order to maintain the pressure exerted on the ink space. Here, too, it is a complicated process in which each individual mine is subjected to pressure in several process steps, so that economical production is not possible.
Aus der DE-C-857 772 ist es ferner bekannt, am Ende der Kugelschreibermine eine Kappe vorzusehen, die einen Schlitz besitzt, durch den der Tintenraum mit der Aussenatmosphäre in Verbindung steht. Hier wird die Tintensäule nicht mit einem Überdruck beaufschlagt, sondern die Kappe besitzt lediglich die Funktion eines Druckausgleichskörpers.From DE-C-857 772 it is also known to provide a cap at the end of the ballpoint pen refill which has a slot through which the ink space communicates with the outside atmosphere. Here, the ink column is not pressurized, but the cap only has the function of a pressure compensation body.
Aus der DE-A-900 909 ist es schliesslich bekannt, den Tintenvorratsbehälter eines Kugelschreibers mit einem Ventil mit Durchlassrichtung ins Innere abzuschliessen, so dass der Vorratsbehälter bei Verbrauch der Tintenflüssigkeit erneut gefüllt werden kann.Finally, it is known from DE-A-900 909 to close the ink reservoir of a ballpoint pen with a valve with a flow direction inside, so that the reservoir can be refilled when the ink liquid is used up.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer grossen Menge von Kugelschreiberminen aufzuzeigen, deren Pastensäule ständig durch Gasdruck beaufschlagt ist, das auf einfache Weise die Erzeugung und Aufrechterhaltung eines gleichen Gasdruckes in allen Minen gewährleistet, und das auch in der Massenfertigung eine gleichmässige Qualität garantiert.The invention has for its object to provide a method for producing a large amount of ballpoint refills, the paste column is constantly pressurized by gas pressure, which ensures the generation and maintenance of the same gas pressure in all mines in a simple manner, and even in mass production a uniform Quality guaranteed.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird gemäss der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass zuerst am hinteren Ende jedes Pastenrohres mit Abstand vom Ende der Pastensäule ein Rückschlagventil mit Durchlassrichtung ins Innere des Pastenrohres angebracht wird und anschliessend die Minen als Ganzes in einen Behälter eingebracht werden, in dem ein Gasdruck erzeugt wird, der dem gewünschten Gasdruck in der Mine entspricht, und dass dann nach Druckentlastung die Minen aus dem Behälter herausgenommen werden.The object is achieved according to the invention in that a non-return valve with a passage direction into the interior of the paste tube is first installed at the rear end of each paste tube at a distance from the end of the paste column and then the leads as a whole are introduced into a container in which a gas pressure is generated that corresponds to the desired gas pressure in the mine, and that the mines are then removed from the container after the pressure has been released.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren hat den Vorteil, dass bei der Aufbringung des Gasdruckes keinerlei Rücksicht auf konstruktive Einzelheiten der Mine genommen zu werden braucht, und dass auch weder chemische Mittel noch mechanische Massnahmen oder eine komplizierte Ultraschalleinrichtung eingesetzt zu werden brauchen. Es genügt, eine grosse Menge der fertig fabrizierten Kugelschreiberminen in einen Druckbehälter zu legen und diesen mit dem in der Mine gewünschten Druck zu beaufschlagen, wodurch sich über das Ventil in allen im Druckbehälter befindlichen Minen ein entsprechender Druck im Luftraum zwischen der Pastensäule und dem Ventilkörper einstellt, der beim Herausnehmen der Kugelschreiberminen aus dem Druckbehälter dann auch erhalten bleibt.The method according to the invention has the advantage that when applying the gas pressure there is no need to take any structural details of the mine into account, and that neither chemical means nor mechanical measures or a complicated ultrasound device need to be used. It is sufficient to place a large quantity of the finished ballpoint pen refills in a pressure container and to apply the pressure desired in the refill, so that a corresponding pressure in the air space between the paste column and the valve body is established via the valve in all the mines in the pressure container which is then retained when the ballpoint pen refills are removed from the pressure container.
Es ist zwar bei Kugelschreiberminen, bei denen die Pastensäule nicht ständig unter Gasdruck steht bekannt (DE-OS-2 309 738), einen ventilartigen Klappenverschluss vorzusehen, über den mit Hilfe eines- eindrückbaren Ballons durch mehr oder weniger häufige Pumpvorgänge vom Benutzer ein gewisser Druck auf die Pastensäule ausgeübtwerden kann. Hierbei handelt es sich jedoch um eine andere Gattung von Kugelschreiberminen als bei der Erfindung.It is indeed known in ballpoint pen refills in which the paste column is not constantly under gas pressure (DE-OS-2 309 738) to provide a valve-like flap closure, via which a certain pressure can be exerted by the user with the aid of a push-in balloon through more or less frequent pumping operations can be applied to the paste column. However, this is a different type of ballpoint pen refills than in the invention.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, in der eine Kugelschreibermine im Querschnitt dargestellt ist.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which a ballpoint pen refill is shown in cross section.
Die Kugelschreibermine enthält ein Pastenrohr 1, das an seiner Vorderseite mit der kugelförmigen Schreibspitze 2 und an seiner Rückseite mit einem Abschlusspfropfen 3 verschlossen ist. Vor dem Aufbringen des Abschlusspfropfens 3 wird die Schreibpaste 8 in das Pastenrohr in der erforderlichen Menge eingefüllt und im Abstand von der Pastensäule dann ein Ventilstopfen in das Pastenrohr eingesetzt. Der Ventilstopfen enthält einen dem äusseren Ende des Pastenrohrs zugekehrten Abschnitt 4, dessen Aussendurchmesser dem Innendurchmesser des Pastenrohrs etwa entspricht, so dass der Ventilstopfen dichtend im Pastenrohr befestigt werden kann. An den Abschnitt 4 schliesst sich in Richtung zur Schreibspitze 2 ein Abschnitt 9 an, der einen kleineren Durchmesser als der Abschnitt 4 besitzt. In Achsrichtung des Ventilstopfens verläuft eine Bohrung 5, die sich von dem äusseren Ende des Abschnittes 4 bis in den Abschnitt 9 erstreckt und darin als Sackbohrung endet. In radialer Richtung verläuft durch den Abschnitt 9 eine Bohrung 10, die mit der axialen Bohrung 5 in Verbindung steht und mit dieser gemeinsam den Einlasskanal für das Gas in den Raum 7 über der Pastensäule 8 bildet. Auf dem zylindrischen Abschnitt 9 ist eine elastische Dichtmanschette stramm aufgebracht, die die Bohrung 10 verschliesst und damit einen Gaseintritt in den Raum 7 zulässt, einen Rückstrom jedoch verhindert.The ballpoint pen refill contains a paste tube 1 which is closed on its front side with the spherical writing tip 2 and on its rear side with a stopper 3. Before the end plug 3 is applied, the
Der Ventilstopfen wird einschliesslich der Dichtmanschette als vorgefertigtes Element in das Pastenrohr eingeschoben und darin befestigt, worauf der Abschlusspfropfen 3 angebracht wird, der hohl ausgebildet ist, so dass das Gas ungehindert zum Ventilstopfen gelangen kann. Die Beaufschlagung des Raums 7 mit dem gewünschten Gasdruck erfolgt dadurch, dass die fertig fabrizierte Kugelschreibermine zugleich mit einer Vielzahl anderer Minen gemeinsam in einen Behälter eingegeben wird, in dem Gas auf einen Druck komprimiert wird, der dem Druck entspricht, der auch im Raum 7 der Mine erwünscht ist. Über den Ventilverschluss gleicht sich dann der Druck im Raum 7 dem im Druckbehälter herrschenden Druck an, der in dem Raum 7 auch erhalten bleibt, wenn der Druckbehälter wieder drucklos gemacht wird.The valve plug, including the sealing sleeve, is inserted and fastened into the paste tube as a prefabricated element, whereupon the end plug 3, which is hollow, is attached, so that the gas can reach the valve plug unhindered. The application of the desired gas pressure to the room 7 takes place in that the finished ballpoint pen refill is simultaneously entered into a container together with a large number of other refills, in which gas is compressed to a pressure that corresponds to the pressure that also exists in the room 7 Mine is desired. Via the valve closure, the pressure in space 7 then adjusts to the pressure prevailing in the pressure vessel, which pressure is also maintained in space 7 when the pressure vessel is depressurized again.
Claims (1)
- Method for manufacturing a large quantity of ball-point pen refills, each comprising a paste tube with a paste column in its front end said paste column being permanently under gas pressure during operation, characterized in that at first at the rear end of each paste tube in a distance from the end of the paste column a relief valve is provided allowing passage into the interior of the paste tube, and that thereafter the refills as a whole are placed into a pressure container, in which a gas pressure is established which corresponds to the desired gas pressure in the refill, and that then after pressure relief the refills are removed from the container.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2951611 | 1979-12-21 | ||
| DE2951611 | 1979-12-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0031092A1 EP0031092A1 (en) | 1981-07-01 |
| EP0031092B1 true EP0031092B1 (en) | 1985-09-04 |
Family
ID=6089195
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80107824A Expired EP0031092B1 (en) | 1979-12-21 | 1980-12-11 | Method for manufacturing large numbers of ball-point pen refills |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4587999A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0031092B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU542356B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3071063D1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI70181C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO152927C (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4716945A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1988-01-05 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Recording instrument ink-path treatment process |
| US5738459A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1998-04-14 | Eversharp Pen Company | "Pressurized refill with multiple seal valve core plug and a method for pressurizing a refill" |
| US5628576A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1997-05-13 | Eversharp Pen Company | Pressurized refill with double seal valve core plug and a method for pressurizing a refill |
| US5924810A (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-07-20 | Bic Corporation | Double seal system for pressurized writing device |
| US5975151A (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 1999-11-02 | Ipg Corporation | Charging a refrigerator with non-volatile liquid |
| US6539987B1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2003-04-01 | Louis Dischler | Method of pressure processing enclosures having bi-stable valves |
| US6345649B1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-12 | Louis Dischler | Bi-stable valve especially useful for pressurizing pen refills |
| US7661121B2 (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2010-02-09 | Tivo, Inc. | In-band data recognition and synchronization system |
| CN103085533A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-05-08 | 四川大学 | Pen core capable of being recycled |
| CN110667281A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-01-10 | 汪江 | Pen |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US744750A (en) * | 1902-04-17 | 1903-11-24 | James William Green | Process of preserving eggs. |
| US722505A (en) * | 1902-05-03 | 1903-03-10 | Louis Hanson | Apparatus for preserving and creosoting wood. |
| US2519341A (en) * | 1947-02-17 | 1950-08-22 | Carl A Barstow | Fountain pen |
| FR58110E (en) * | 1948-03-25 | 1953-09-21 | Process for supplying ink to a stylograph and stylograph for carrying out this process | |
| GB681163A (en) * | 1949-06-23 | 1952-10-22 | Compania Uruguaya De Fomento Industrial Sa | Improvements in and relating to reservoir writing instruments of the ball tip type |
| BE501844A (en) * | 1950-03-22 | |||
| US2938499A (en) * | 1956-07-20 | 1960-05-31 | Lindenbaum Bernard | Combination pen and pressurized filling means |
| US3115868A (en) * | 1958-03-05 | 1963-12-31 | Molin Arrigo Varettoni De | Pressurized stopper construction |
| US3094152A (en) * | 1962-01-26 | 1963-06-18 | Power Spray Company Inc | Liquid dispensing device for floor machines |
| US3286741A (en) * | 1963-06-24 | 1966-11-22 | Elgin American International I | Fuel valve |
| US3282306A (en) * | 1964-04-02 | 1966-11-01 | Pastemaster Inc | Process and apparatus for the charging of containers |
| DE2153579C3 (en) * | 1970-11-06 | 1980-07-17 | Mitsubishi Pencil Co. Ltd., Tokio | Process for producing a ballpoint pen refill and device for carrying out this process |
| US3799218A (en) * | 1972-03-27 | 1974-03-26 | M Douglass | Apparatus for dispensing compressed gas at programmed pressure and volume |
| US3850136A (en) * | 1972-05-24 | 1974-11-26 | Gen Electric | Positive pressure coating device |
| US3863686A (en) * | 1972-10-16 | 1975-02-04 | V Mark Automation Ltd | Apparatus and process for article filling under reduced pressure |
| US3854826A (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1974-12-17 | Artex Hobby | Fluid applicator pressure control device |
| FR2298444A1 (en) * | 1975-01-21 | 1976-08-20 | Intrama Sa | MARKING DEVICE ASSOCIATED WITH A FLEXIBLE TUBE CONTAINING A MARKING SUBSTANCE |
| GB2035147A (en) * | 1978-11-16 | 1980-06-18 | Composite Applic Inc | Fluid dispensing |
-
1980
- 1980-12-11 EP EP80107824A patent/EP0031092B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-11 DE DE8080107824T patent/DE3071063D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-15 FI FI803911A patent/FI70181C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-19 NO NO803888A patent/NO152927C/en unknown
- 1980-12-22 AU AU65663/80A patent/AU542356B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-12-22 US US06/219,284 patent/US4587999A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0031092A1 (en) | 1981-07-01 |
| NO803888L (en) | 1981-06-23 |
| AU542356B2 (en) | 1985-02-21 |
| AU6566380A (en) | 1981-06-25 |
| NO152927B (en) | 1985-09-09 |
| NO152927C (en) | 1985-12-18 |
| FI803911L (en) | 1981-06-22 |
| DE3071063D1 (en) | 1985-10-10 |
| FI70181B (en) | 1986-02-28 |
| US4587999A (en) | 1986-05-13 |
| FI70181C (en) | 1986-09-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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