EP0026449B1 - Multiple pressure-switch - Google Patents

Multiple pressure-switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026449B1
EP0026449B1 EP80105745A EP80105745A EP0026449B1 EP 0026449 B1 EP0026449 B1 EP 0026449B1 EP 80105745 A EP80105745 A EP 80105745A EP 80105745 A EP80105745 A EP 80105745A EP 0026449 B1 EP0026449 B1 EP 0026449B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
point
engagement
snap
switch
starting
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80105745A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0026449A1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Dr. Dipl.-Phys Baader
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Elektromanufaktur Zangenstein Hanauer GmbH and Co KGaA
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Elektromanufaktur Zangenstein Hanauer GmbH and Co KGaA
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Priority to AT80105745T priority Critical patent/ATE3794T1/en
Publication of EP0026449A1 publication Critical patent/EP0026449A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/24Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
    • H01H35/26Details
    • H01H35/2657Details with different switches operated at substantially different pressures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multiple pressure switch with a first and a second snap switch, which each assume a starting position under spring preload and have a first and a second point of attack for an actuator which is supported at a total of three points of attack lying at the corners of an imaginary triangle and that with a gradual increase in an external force acting on the actuator within the triangle, the first and then the second snap switch can snap into an end position.
  • Such multiple pressure switches generally have a housing which is divided into two chambers by a membrane.
  • a pressure acts on one side of the membrane and is to be monitored; on the other side of the membrane there is a pressure plate to which the membrane transmits the pressure and which in turn is supported on the actuator.
  • the actuator is generally designed as a three-armed lever and extends with each of its three arms to one of the points of attack, which are at the corners of a triangle, preferably an equilateral triangle.
  • the pressure plate is preferably supported in the center of this triangle on the actuator.
  • At least two of the points of attack for the actuator are each formed on a snap switch; the third point of attack is either stationary or, if a triple switchover option is required, is formed on a third snap switch.
  • the first snap switch As corresponds to the nature of a snap switch, suddenly snaps from its starting position into its end position.
  • the actuator follows the first point of attack by pivoting about an imaginary axis which is determined by the second and third points of attack.
  • the point of the actuating element that originally lay on the first point of application moves during this pivoting of the actuating element on a circular arc.
  • a multiple pressure switch of the type described above is known (DE-B2-2 311 498), in which there are three displaceably arranged switching rods on a three-armed circuit board provided as an actuator, which connect the three arms of the circuit board with a snap switch and on their ends facing away from the circuit board are articulated with a leaf spring.
  • the leaf springs are each supported on an adjustable abutment, so that they each counter the adjustable forces exerted by the circuit board with an adjustable counterforce. Together with the switching plate, the leaf springs each form approximately a parallelogram link arrangement, which guides the associated switching rod approximately parallel to itself.
  • Another known multiple pressure switch differs from the type described in the introduction in that instead of snap switches on a housing three fixed contacts are arranged in a common plane and at equal distances from one another. Above the fixed contacts, a three-armed lever is arranged as an actuating member, which has a movable contact at the ends of its arms, above each of the fixed contacts. The three-armed lever is supported on a substantially circular resilient plate which is bent through shaped slots divided into several mutually independent segments and is supported in areas between the arms of the actuator on the housing. By arranging the movable contacts directly on the arms of the actuator, friction losses are avoided; the arrangement is also relatively simple and takes up little space. A snap effect, without which a multiple pressure switch is not usable for most purposes, can only be achieved by assigning a magnet to each of the fixed contacts.
  • the invention has for its object to keep the influence that the friction between the actuator and the individual snap switches exerts on the switching accuracy low with simple and space-saving means in a multiple pressure switch of the type described.
  • the object is achieved in that the first point of attack in its starting position is higher and lower in its end position than the second point of attack in its starting position in relation to a base plane normal to the direction of action of the external force, and in that the second point of attack in its starting position is higher and in its end position is lower than the third point of attack.
  • the lowest possible relative displacement when the second snap switch is snapped is achieved under otherwise unchanged conditions if the first point of attack in its end position is halfway between the starting and end positions of the second point of attack.
  • the third point of attack can be fixed in a known manner if only two snap switches are required.
  • the invention can also be used with particular advantage on triple pressure switches, that is to say those pressure switches which, in addition to the first and second snap switches, have a third snap switch at which the third point of application for the actuating member is formed and which gradually increases the external force snapped after the second snap switch.
  • triple pressure switches that is to say those pressure switches which, in addition to the first and second snap switches, have a third snap switch at which the third point of application for the actuating member is formed and which gradually increases the external force snapped after the second snap switch.
  • such a multiple pressure switch is further developed in that the third point of attack in its end position is lower than the second point of attack in its end position.
  • the triple pressure switch shown has a pot-shaped housing 2 with a substantially flat bottom 4 and a circular cylindrical outer wall 6.
  • the housing 2 is closed by a membrane 8 which, in the fully assembled triple pressure switch, is covered by a housing cover (not shown) and between the latter and the housing 2 is tightly clamped.
  • the housing 2 contains three snap switches 10, 10 'and 10 "which are completely identical in their design and differ from one another only in their arrangement within the housing 2. Therefore, only the snap switch 10 is described in detail below; components of the other two Snap-action switches 10 and 10 ", which are mentioned in the following, are provided with the same reference numerals as the corresponding components of the snap-action switch 10 and are distinguished from them by a single or a double index line, depending on whether they belong to the snap-action switch 10 'or 10".
  • the snap switch 10 has a snap spring 12 in the form of a rectangular leaf spring.
  • the snap spring 12 has two parallel longitudinal slots 14 which delimit a pair of outer legs 16 in such a way that they are connected to one another and to a central part of the snap spring 12 only at their two ends.
  • the middle part consists of two middle legs 18, which were separated from one another when the snap spring 12 was punched out. These two middle legs 18 are welded to a spring support 24 such that the total length of the middle legs 18 and the section of the spring support 24 connecting them is greater than the length of each of the two outer legs 16.
  • the two middle legs 18 cannot lie in a common plane with the outer legs 16, but either form one with respect to the outer leg 16 first upward, then downward and finally upward curved serpentine line (FIG. 4) or an arch curved upward with respect to the two outer legs 16.
  • the snap spring 12 attached to the spring support 24 is thus bistable; it can only jump between a first switching position (FIG. 4) and a second switching position under the action of an external force.
  • the spring support 24 is fastened to the housing base 4 and has a soldering tab 26 which projects through it to the outside.
  • Further electrically conductive components of the snap switch 10 are two stationary contacts 28 and 30, which are attached to a contact carrier 34 and 36, respectively, opposite one another on both sides of a double-sided switching contact 32 attached to the snap spring 12.
  • the contact carriers 34 and 36 are fastened to the housing base 4 and each likewise have a soldering lug 38 and 40, respectively, which protrudes through the latter
  • the snap switch 10 thus connects the solder lugs 26 and 38 to one another when the snap spring assumes its switching position, which is referred to below as the starting position.
  • the snap switch 10 can be seen in its initial position in FIG. 4 and partly also in FIG. 5a.
  • the snap switch 10 connects the solder lugs 26 and 40 to one another.
  • the snap switch 10 is partially shown in its end position in Fig. 5b, c and d.
  • a bearing block 42 is arranged, which is formed in one piece with the housing 2.
  • a lever 50 is pivotally mounted about an axis A parallel to the plane of the membrane 8 and approximately radial with respect to the housing 2.
  • the lever 50 engages around the spring support 24 with ample play, so that it can be pivoted about the axis A in a wide angular range.
  • an adjusting member 52 in the form of a cap screw is provided, which engages at the end of the lever 50 remote from the axis A and is screwed into the housing base 4.
  • the lever 50 has an approximately U-shaped cross section with two flanges 54 which project laterally in a plane parallel to the axis A.
  • Two leaf springs 56 are welded to the two flanges 54 and extend in the same longitudinal direction as the snap spring 12 on both sides thereof. While the snap spring 12 extends between the two bearing blocks 42, the two leaf springs 56 are arranged outside the bearing blocks.
  • the two leaf springs 56 are welded to a flange 58 of a link 60, which is also parallel to the axis A, and together form a bearing for the link 60, which enables this pivoting about the axis A, but no other movement.
  • a hook 62 is formed on the handlebar 60, on which the one end of the snap spring 12, which is remote from the switching contact 32 and from the lever 50, is fastened.
  • the end 64 of the handlebar itself, which is remote from the lever 50, projects into a recess 66 in the housing wall 6, the upper and lower limits of which each form a stop for the handlebar 60.
  • a conical engagement point 68 for an arm 70 of an actuator 72 is formed on the handlebar 60.
  • the snap spring 12 jumps around suddenly, so that its switching contact 32, which has applied to the upper fixed contact 28 in the starting position, suddenly detaches from it and contacts the lower fixed contact 30, thus the end position of the snap switch 10 is reached.
  • the snap switch 10 remains in its end position until the force exerted by the arm 70 on the point of application 68 again becomes smaller than the pretension generated by the setting element 52 in connection with the leaf springs 56.
  • a mandrel 76 engages in the pan 74, which tapers downward like the pan 74, but at a smaller angle, so that it can tip on all sides within the pan.
  • the mandrel 76 is formed on a pressure plate 78 on which the membrane 8 rests.
  • Fig. 1 the housing 2 is shown without membrane 8 and pressure plate 78; the uppermost components shown here are the contact carriers 34, 34 'and 34 "and the actuator 72 with its three arms 70, 70' and 70". These components, which are highlighted in FIG. 1 by thick lines, are omitted in FIG. 2, so that the snap springs 12, 12 'and 12 "lie at the top. The snap springs 12, 12' and 12 "are omitted in Fig.
  • the arm 70 is pan-shaped at its end which presses on the point of application 58, while the arm 70' interacting with the point of attack 68 'has on the other
  • the underside of its end has the shape of a notch which is approximately radial with respect to the housing 2, while the arm 70 which cooperates with the point of engagement 68 "is flat on the underside of its end.
  • the actuating member 70 is at the three points of attack 68, 68 ' and 68 "supported in a statically clear manner without play.
  • the points of attack 68, 68 'and 68 "in the starting position of the associated snap switch 10 or 10' or 10" lie at different heights above an arbitrarily selected base plane E, which extends normally to the line of action of the pressure force D.
  • the point 68 of the first snap switch 10 has the greatest height H above the base plane E
  • the point 68 'of the second snap switch 10' has the second greatest height H 'and the point 68 "of the third snap switch 10" has the lowest height H "
  • the height ratios change according to FIG. 5b in such a way that the point of application 68 now assumes a height which lies between the heights H 'and H ".
  • Corresponding changes in height take place when, according to FIG. 5c, the second snap switch 10 'and, according to FIG. 5d, the third snap switch 10 "snaps from its initial position into its end position.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Mehrfach-Druckschalter mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Schnappschalter, die unter Federvorspannung je eine Ausgangsstellung einnehmen und einen ersten und einen zweiten Angriffspunkt für ein Betätigungsglied aufweisen, das sich an insgesamt drei an den Ecken eines gedachten Dreiecks liegenden Angriffspunkten abstützt und das bei allmählicher Zunahme einer innerhalb des Dreiecks auf das Betätigungsglied einwirkenden äußeren Kraft zuerst den ersten und danach den zweiten Schnappschalter in eine Endstellung umschnappen läßt.The invention relates to a multiple pressure switch with a first and a second snap switch, which each assume a starting position under spring preload and have a first and a second point of attack for an actuator which is supported at a total of three points of attack lying at the corners of an imaginary triangle and that with a gradual increase in an external force acting on the actuator within the triangle, the first and then the second snap switch can snap into an end position.

Solche Mehrfach-Druckschalter weisen im allgemeinen ein Gehäuse auf, das durch eine Membran in zwei Kammern unterteilt ist. Auf die eine Seite der Membran wirkt ein Druck ein, der überwacht werden soll; an der anderen Seite der Membran ist eine Druckplatte angeordnet, auf welche die Membran den Druck überträgt und die sich ihrerseits an dem Betätigungsglied abstützt. Das Betätigungsglied ist im allgemeinen als dreiarmiger Hebel ausgebildet und erstreckt sich mit jedem seiner drei Arme zu einem der Angriffspunkte, die an den Ecken eines Dreiecks, vorzugsweise eines gleichseitigen Dreiecks, liegen. Die Druckplatte stützt sich vorzugsweise im Mittelpunkt dieses Dreiecks am Betätigungsglied ab. Mindestens zwei der Angriffspunkte für das Betätigungsglied sind an je einem Schnappschalter ausgebildet; der dritte Angriffspunkt ist entweder ortsfest oder, wenn eine dreifache Umschaltmöglichkeit gefordert wird, an einem dritten Schnappschalter ausgebildet.Such multiple pressure switches generally have a housing which is divided into two chambers by a membrane. A pressure acts on one side of the membrane and is to be monitored; on the other side of the membrane there is a pressure plate to which the membrane transmits the pressure and which in turn is supported on the actuator. The actuator is generally designed as a three-armed lever and extends with each of its three arms to one of the points of attack, which are at the corners of a triangle, preferably an equilateral triangle. The pressure plate is preferably supported in the center of this triangle on the actuator. At least two of the points of attack for the actuator are each formed on a snap switch; the third point of attack is either stationary or, if a triple switchover option is required, is formed on a third snap switch.

Wenn, ausgehend von einem Ruhezustand, in dem die Membran nicht mit Druck belastet ist, der auf die Membran einwirkende äußere Druck, und damit die auf das Betätigungsglied einwirkende äußere Kraft, allmählich zunimmt und schließlich einen durch die Vorspannung am ersten Schnappschalter vorbestimmten Betrag erreicht, dann schnappt der erste Schnappschalter, wie es dem Wesen eines Schnappschalters entspricht, aus seiner Ausgangsstellung schlagartig in seine Endstellung um. Dabei folgt das Betätigungsglied dem ersten Angriffspunkt, indem es um eine gedachte Achse schwenkt, die durch den zweiten und den dritten Angriffspunkt bestimmt ist. Derjenige Punkt des Betätigungsgliedes, der ursprünglich auf dem ersten Angriffspunkt aufgelegen hat, bewegt sich bei dieser Schwenkung des Betätigungsgliedes auf einem Kreisbogen. Es ist aus Platzgründen im allgemeinen nicht möglich, den ersten Schnappschalter so anzuordnen, daß sich dessen Angriffspunkt beim Umschnappen auf demselben Kreisbogen bewegt. Infolgedessen findet zwischen dem ersten Angriffspunkt und dem Betätigungsglied beim Umschnappen des ersten Schnappschalters eine Relativverschiebung statt, bei der ein Reibungswiderstand überwunden werden muß. Dieser Reibungswiderstand läßt sich in einer Serienfertigung nicht hinreichend genau konstant halten und ändert sich im Laufe der Zeit auch dadurch, daß die aufeinandergleitenden, meist sehr kleinen Flächen entweder glatter werden, wenn der betreffende Schnappschalter häufig umschnappt, oder durch Korrosion allmählich rauher werden. Bei gegebener Größe der Reibungskraft ist die durch Reibung aufgezehrte Energie um so größer, je größer die Relativverschiebung zwischen dem Angriffspunkt und dem Betätigungsglied ist.If, starting from an idle state in which the membrane is not loaded with pressure, the external pressure acting on the membrane, and thus the external force acting on the actuating element, gradually increases and finally reaches an amount predetermined by the preload on the first snap switch, then the first snap switch, as corresponds to the nature of a snap switch, suddenly snaps from its starting position into its end position. The actuator follows the first point of attack by pivoting about an imaginary axis which is determined by the second and third points of attack. The point of the actuating element that originally lay on the first point of application moves during this pivoting of the actuating element on a circular arc. For reasons of space, it is generally not possible to arrange the first snap switch in such a way that its point of engagement moves on the same circular arc when it is snapped. As a result, a relative displacement takes place between the first point of attack and the actuator when the first snap switch is snapped, in which a frictional resistance must be overcome. This frictional resistance cannot be kept sufficiently constant in series production and changes over time because the sliding, usually very small surfaces either become smoother if the snap switch in question frequently snaps or gradually become rougher due to corrosion. Given the magnitude of the frictional force, the greater the relative displacement between the point of application and the actuator, the greater the energy consumed by friction.

Das im Vorstehenden im Zusammenhang mit dem ersten Schnappschalter Gesagte gilt sinngemäß auch für den zweiten Schnappschalter, wenn dieser umschnappt, sowie für den dritten Schnappschalter, sofern dieser vorhanden ist. Je größer aber die Reibungsenergie ist, die beim Umschnappen der einzelnen Schnappschalter durch eine Relativverschiebung zwischen deren Angriffspunkt und dem Betätigungsglied aufgezehrt wird, desto geringer ist die Genauigkeit, mit der sich ein bestimmter Umschaltdruck für jeden Schnappschalter durch Einstellen der Federvorspannung des betreffenden Schnappschalters vorherbestimmen läßt.What has been said above in connection with the first snap switch also applies mutatis mutandis to the second snap switch if it snaps over, and to the third snap switch if it is present. However, the greater the frictional energy that is consumed when the individual snap switches are snapped by a relative displacement between their point of application and the actuator, the lower the accuracy with which a certain switching pressure can be predetermined for each snap switch by adjusting the spring preload of the snap switch in question.

Es ist allerdings ein Mehrfach-Druckschalter der eingangs beschriebenen Gattung bekannt (DE-B2-2 311 498), bei der auf einer als Betätigungsglied vorgesehenen dreiarmigen Schaltplatte drei verschiebbar angeordnete Schaltstangen aufliegen, welche die drei Arme der Schaltplatte mit je einem Schnappschalter verbinden und an ihren von der Schaltplatte abgewandten Ende gelenkig mit je einer Blattfeder verbunden sind. Die Blattfedern sind an je einem einstellbaren Widerlager abgestützt, so daß sie den von der Schaltplatte ausgeübten Stellkräften je eine einstellbare Gegenkraft entgegensetzen. Zusammen mit der Schaltplatte bilden die Blattfedern näherungsweise je eine Parallelogrammlenkeranordnung, welche die zugehörige Schaltstange annähernd parallel zu sich selbst verschiebbar führt. Diese Anordnung hält zwar die Reibungsverluste der Bewegungsübertragung von der Schaltplatte auf die Schnappschalter gering, ist aber teuer und beansprucht einen großen Bauraum.However, a multiple pressure switch of the type described above is known (DE-B2-2 311 498), in which there are three displaceably arranged switching rods on a three-armed circuit board provided as an actuator, which connect the three arms of the circuit board with a snap switch and on their ends facing away from the circuit board are articulated with a leaf spring. The leaf springs are each supported on an adjustable abutment, so that they each counter the adjustable forces exerted by the circuit board with an adjustable counterforce. Together with the switching plate, the leaf springs each form approximately a parallelogram link arrangement, which guides the associated switching rod approximately parallel to itself. Although this arrangement keeps the frictional losses of the movement transmission from the circuit board to the snap switch low, it is expensive and takes up a large amount of space.

Ein anderer bekannter Mehrfach-Druckschalter (US-A-3 210 486) unterscheidet sich von der eingangs beschriebenen Gattung dadurch, daß anstelle von Schnappschaltern an einem Gehäuse drei ortsfeste Kontakte in einer gemeinsamen Ebene und in gleichen Abständen voneinander angeordnet sind. Über den ortsfesten Kontakten ist als Betätigungsglied ein dreiarmiger Hebel angeordnet, der an den Enden seiner Arme, oberhalb je eines der ortsfesten Kontakte, einen beweglichen Kontakt aufweist. Der dreiarmige Hebel ist an einer im wesentlichen kreisförmigen federnden Platte abgestützt, die durch bogenförmige Schlitze in mehrere voneinander unabhängig nachgiebige Segmente unterteilt und in Bereichen zwischen den Armen des Betätigungsgliedes am Gehäuse abgestützt ist. Durch die Anordnung der beweglichen Kontakte unmittelbar an den Armen des Betätigungsgliedes werden Reibungsverluste vermieden; die Anordnung ist auch verhältnismäßig einfach und beansprucht wenig Bauraum. Ein Schnappeffekt, ohne den ein Mehrfach-Druckschalter für die meisten Verwendungszwecke nicht brauchbar ist, läßt sich jedoch nur dadurch erzielen, daß den einzelnen ortsfesten Kontakten je ein Magnet zugeordnet ist.Another known multiple pressure switch (US-A-3 210 486) differs from the type described in the introduction in that instead of snap switches on a housing three fixed contacts are arranged in a common plane and at equal distances from one another. Above the fixed contacts, a three-armed lever is arranged as an actuating member, which has a movable contact at the ends of its arms, above each of the fixed contacts. The three-armed lever is supported on a substantially circular resilient plate which is bent through shaped slots divided into several mutually independent segments and is supported in areas between the arms of the actuator on the housing. By arranging the movable contacts directly on the arms of the actuator, friction losses are avoided; the arrangement is also relatively simple and takes up little space. A snap effect, without which a multiple pressure switch is not usable for most purposes, can only be achieved by assigning a magnet to each of the fixed contacts.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Mehrfach-Druckschalter der eingangs beschriebenen Gattung den Einfluß, den die Reibung zwischen dem Betätigungsglied und den einzelnen Schnappschaltern auf die Umschaltgenauigkeit ausübt, mit einfachen und raumsparenden Mitteln gering zu halten.The invention has for its object to keep the influence that the friction between the actuator and the individual snap switches exerts on the switching accuracy low with simple and space-saving means in a multiple pressure switch of the type described.

Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der erste Angriffspunkt in seiner Ausgangsstellung bezogen auf eine zur Wirkungsrichtung der äußeren Kraft normale Basisebene höher und in seiner Endstellung tiefer liegt als der zweite Angriffspunkt in dessen Ausgangsstellung, und daß der zweite Angriffspunkt in seiner Ausgangsstellung höher und in seiner Endstellung tiefer liegt als der dritte Angriffspunkt.The object is achieved in that the first point of attack in its starting position is higher and lower in its end position than the second point of attack in its starting position in relation to a base plane normal to the direction of action of the external force, and in that the second point of attack in its starting position is higher and in its end position is lower than the third point of attack.

Auf diese Weise läßt sich die Relativverschiebung, die zwischen den einzelnen Angriffspunkten und dem Betätigungsglied jeweils beim Umschnappen eines Schnappschalters stattfindet, erheblich geringer halten als bei dem beschriebenen bekannten Mehrfach-Druckschalter.In this way, the relative displacement that takes place between the individual points of attack and the actuating element when a snap switch is snapped can be kept considerably lower than in the known multiple pressure switch described.

Die bei gegebener Größe des Schaltweges und gegebenem Abstand zwischen den Angriffspunkten geringstmögliche Relativverschiebung beim Umschnappen des ersten Schnappschalters erreicht man, wenn der zweite Angriffspunkt in seiner Ausgangsstellung auf halber Höhe zwischen der Ausgangs- und der Endstellung des ersten Angriffspunktes liegt.The smallest possible relative displacement when the first snap switch is snapped, given the size of the switching path and the given distance between the points of application, is achieved when the second point of application in its starting position is halfway between the starting and end positions of the first point of application.

In entsprechender Weise erreicht man unter sonst unveränderten Bedingungen die geringstmögliche Relativverschiebung beim Umschnappen des zweiten Schnappschalters, wenn der erste Angriffspunkt in seiner Endstellung auf halber Höhe zwischen der Ausgangs- und der Endstellung des zweiten Angriffspunktes liegt.In a corresponding manner, the lowest possible relative displacement when the second snap switch is snapped is achieved under otherwise unchanged conditions if the first point of attack in its end position is halfway between the starting and end positions of the second point of attack.

Der dritte Angriffspunkt kann in bekannter Weise ortsfest sein, wenn nur zwei Schnappschalter erforderlich sind. Die Erfindung ist jedoch mit besonderem Vorteil auch auf Dreifach-Druckschalter anwendbar, also auf solche Druckschalter, die zusätzlich zum ersten und zweiten Schnappschalter einen dritten Schnappschalter aufweisen, an dem der dritte Angriffspunkt für das Betätigungsglied ausgebildet ist, und der bei allmählicher Zunahme der äußeren Kraft nach dem zweiten Schnappschalter umschnappt. Erfindungsgemäß ist ein solcher Mehrfach-Druckschalter dadurch weitergebildet, daß der dritte Angriffspunkt in seiner Endstellung tiefer liegt als der zweite Angriffspunkt in dessen Endstellung.The third point of attack can be fixed in a known manner if only two snap switches are required. However, the invention can also be used with particular advantage on triple pressure switches, that is to say those pressure switches which, in addition to the first and second snap switches, have a third snap switch at which the third point of application for the actuating member is formed and which gradually increases the external force snapped after the second snap switch. According to the invention, such a multiple pressure switch is further developed in that the third point of attack in its end position is lower than the second point of attack in its end position.

Die geringstmögliche Relativverschiebung zwischen den Schnappschaltern und dem Betätigungsglied beim Umschalten des dritten Schnappschalters ergibt sich dann, wenn der zweite Angriffspunkt in seiner Endstellung auf halber Höhe zwischen der Ausgangs- und der Endstellung des dritten Angriffspunktes liegt.The smallest possible relative displacement between the snap switches and the actuating element when the third snap switch is switched over arises when the second point of attack is in its end position halfway between the starting and end positions of the third point of attack.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand schematischer Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 bis 3 Draufsichten eines Dreifach-Druckschalters in verschiedenen Zuständen zunehmender Demontage,
  • Fig. 4 den Schnitt IV-IV in Fig. 1,
  • Fig.5a bis 5d den Schnitt V-V in Fig. 1 in verschiedenen Schaltzuständen des Dreifach-Druckschalters.
An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to schematic drawings. It shows
  • 1 to 3 top views of a triple pressure switch in different states of increasing disassembly,
  • 4 shows the section IV-IV in Fig. 1,
  • 5a to 5d the section VV in Fig. 1 in different switching states of the triple pressure switch.

Der dargestellte Dreifach-Druckschalter hat ein topfförmiges Gehäuse 2 mit einem im wesentlichen ebenen Boden 4 und einer kreiszylindrischen Außenwand 6. Das Gehäuse 2 ist durch eine Membran 8 abgeschlossen, die bei dem fertig zusammengebauten Dreifach-Druckschalter von einem nicht dargestellten Gehäusedeckel überdeckt und zwischen diesem und dem Gehäuse 2 dicht eingespannt ist.The triple pressure switch shown has a pot-shaped housing 2 with a substantially flat bottom 4 and a circular cylindrical outer wall 6. The housing 2 is closed by a membrane 8 which, in the fully assembled triple pressure switch, is covered by a housing cover (not shown) and between the latter and the housing 2 is tightly clamped.

Das Gehäuse 2 enthält drei Schnappschalter 10, 10' und 10", die einander in ihrer Gestaltung vollständig gleichen und sich nur in ihrer Anordnung innerhalb des Gehäuses 2 voneinander unterscheiden. Im folgenden wird deshalb nur der Schnappschalter 10 im einzelnen beschrieben; Bauteile der beiden übrigen Schnappschalter 10 und 10", die im folgenden erwähnt werden, sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen wie die entsprechenden Bauteile des Schnappschalters 10 und von diesen durch einen einfachen oder einen doppelten Indexstrich unterschieden, je nachdem ob sie zum Schnappschalter 10' oder 10" gehören.The housing 2 contains three snap switches 10, 10 'and 10 "which are completely identical in their design and differ from one another only in their arrangement within the housing 2. Therefore, only the snap switch 10 is described in detail below; components of the other two Snap-action switches 10 and 10 ", which are mentioned in the following, are provided with the same reference numerals as the corresponding components of the snap-action switch 10 and are distinguished from them by a single or a double index line, depending on whether they belong to the snap-action switch 10 'or 10".

Als bewegliches elektrisch leitendes Bauteil weist der Schnappschalter 10 eine Schnappfeder 12 in Gestalt einer rechteckigen Blattfeder auf. Die Schnappfeder 12 hat zwei parallele Längsschlitze 14, die ein Paar äußerer Schenkel 16 derart begrenzen, daß diese nur an ihren beiden Enden miteinander und mit einem mittleren Teil der Schnappfeder 12 zusammenhängen. Der mittlere Teil besteht aus zwei mittleren Schenkeln 18, die beim Ausstanzen der Schnappfeder 12 voneinander getrennt worden sind. Diese beiden mittleren Schenkel 18 sind mit einem Federträger 24 derart verschweißt, daß die Gesamtlänge der mittleren Schenkel 18 und des sie miteinander verbindenden Abschnittes des Federträgers 24 größer ist als die Länge jedes der beiden äußeren Schenkel 16.As a movable, electrically conductive component, the snap switch 10 has a snap spring 12 in the form of a rectangular leaf spring. The snap spring 12 has two parallel longitudinal slots 14 which delimit a pair of outer legs 16 in such a way that they are connected to one another and to a central part of the snap spring 12 only at their two ends. The middle part consists of two middle legs 18, which were separated from one another when the snap spring 12 was punched out. These two middle legs 18 are welded to a spring support 24 such that the total length of the middle legs 18 and the section of the spring support 24 connecting them is greater than the length of each of the two outer legs 16.

Die beiden mittleren Schenkel 18 können infolgedessen nicht in einer gemeinsamen Ebene mit den äußeren Schenkeln 16 liegen, sondern bilden entweder eine in bezug auf die äußeren Schenkel 16 erst nach oben, dann nach unten und schließlich wieder nach oben gewölbte Schlangenlinie (Fig. 4) oder einen in bezug auf die beiden äußeren Schenkel 16 nach oben gewölbten Bogen. Die am Federträger 24 befestigte Schnappfeder 12 ist somit bistabil; sie kann nur unter Einwirkung einer äußeren Kraft zwischen einer ersten Schaltstellung (Fig. 4) und einer zweiten Schaltstellung hin und her springen.As a result, the two middle legs 18 cannot lie in a common plane with the outer legs 16, but either form one with respect to the outer leg 16 first upward, then downward and finally upward curved serpentine line (FIG. 4) or an arch curved upward with respect to the two outer legs 16. The snap spring 12 attached to the spring support 24 is thus bistable; it can only jump between a first switching position (FIG. 4) and a second switching position under the action of an external force.

Der Federträger 24 ist am Gehäuseboden 4 befestigt und weist eine durch diesen hindurch nach außen ragende Lötfahne 26 auf. Weitere elektrisch leitende Bauteile des Schnappschalters 10 sind zwei ortsfeste Kontakte 28 und 30, die einander gegenüber beiderseits eines an der Schnappfeder 12 befestigten, doppelseitig ausgebildeten Schaltkontakts 32 an je einem Kontaktträger 34 bzw. 36 befestigt sind. Die Kontaktträger 34 und 36 sind am Gehäuseboden 4 befestigt und haben ebenfalls je eine durch diesen hindurchragende Lötfahne 38 bzw. 40The spring support 24 is fastened to the housing base 4 and has a soldering tab 26 which projects through it to the outside. Further electrically conductive components of the snap switch 10 are two stationary contacts 28 and 30, which are attached to a contact carrier 34 and 36, respectively, opposite one another on both sides of a double-sided switching contact 32 attached to the snap spring 12. The contact carriers 34 and 36 are fastened to the housing base 4 and each likewise have a soldering lug 38 and 40, respectively, which protrudes through the latter

Somit verbindet der Schnappschalter 10 die Lötfahnen 26 und 38 miteinander, wenn die Schnappfeder ihre eine Schaltstellung einnimmt, die im folgenden als Ausgangsstellung bezeichnet wird. Der Schnappschalter 10 ist in seiner Ausgangsstellung in Fig. 4 und teilweise auch in Fig. 5a erkennbar. Wenn die Schnappfeder 12 dagegen ihre zweite, im folgenden als Endstellung bezeichnete Schaltstellung einnimmt, verbindet der Schnappschalter 10 die Lötfahnen 26 und 40 miteinander. Der Schnappschalter 10 ist in seiner Endstellung in Fig. 5b, c und d teilweise dargestellt.The snap switch 10 thus connects the solder lugs 26 and 38 to one another when the snap spring assumes its switching position, which is referred to below as the starting position. The snap switch 10 can be seen in its initial position in FIG. 4 and partly also in FIG. 5a. On the other hand, when the snap spring 12 assumes its second switching position, hereinafter referred to as the end position, the snap switch 10 connects the solder lugs 26 and 40 to one another. The snap switch 10 is partially shown in its end position in Fig. 5b, c and d.

Beiderseits des Federträgers 24 ist je ein Lagerbock 42 angeordnet, der mit dem Gehäuse 2 einstückig ausgebildet ist. In den Lagerböcken 42 ist ein Hebel 50 um eine zur Ebene der Membran 8 parallele, in bezug auf das Gehäuse 2 annähernd radiale Achse A schwenkbar gelagert. Der Hebel 50 umgreift den Federträger 24 mit reichlichem Spiel, so daß er in einem weiten Winkelbereich um die Achse A schwenkeinstellbar ist. Zum Einstellen des Hebels 50 ist ein Einstellglied 52 in Gestalt einer Kopfschraube vorgesehen, die am von der Achse A entfernten Ende des Hebels 50 angreift und in den Gehäuseboden 4 eingeschraubt ist.On each side of the spring support 24, a bearing block 42 is arranged, which is formed in one piece with the housing 2. In the bearing blocks 42, a lever 50 is pivotally mounted about an axis A parallel to the plane of the membrane 8 and approximately radial with respect to the housing 2. The lever 50 engages around the spring support 24 with ample play, so that it can be pivoted about the axis A in a wide angular range. To adjust the lever 50, an adjusting member 52 in the form of a cap screw is provided, which engages at the end of the lever 50 remote from the axis A and is screwed into the housing base 4.

Der Hebel 50 hat einen etwa U-förmigen Querschnitt mit zwei Flanschen 54, die in einer zur Achse A parallelen Ebene seitlich wegragen. Mit den beiden Flanschen 54 sind zwei Blattfedern 56 verschweißt, die sich in derselben Längsrichtung wie die Schnappfeder 12 auf deren beiden Seiten erstrecken. Während die Schnappfeder 12 sich zwischen den beiden Lagerböcken 42 hindurcherstreckt, sind die beiden Blattfedern 56 außerhalb der Lagerböcke angeordnet. Die beiden Blattfedern 56 sind mit je einem zur Achse A ebenfalls parallelen Flansch 58 eines Lenkers 60 verschweißt und bilden gemeinsam eine Lagerung für den Lenker 60, die diesem Schwenkungen um die Achse A, jedoch keinerlei andere Bewegung ermöglicht.The lever 50 has an approximately U-shaped cross section with two flanges 54 which project laterally in a plane parallel to the axis A. Two leaf springs 56 are welded to the two flanges 54 and extend in the same longitudinal direction as the snap spring 12 on both sides thereof. While the snap spring 12 extends between the two bearing blocks 42, the two leaf springs 56 are arranged outside the bearing blocks. The two leaf springs 56 are welded to a flange 58 of a link 60, which is also parallel to the axis A, and together form a bearing for the link 60, which enables this pivoting about the axis A, but no other movement.

Am Lenker 60 ist ein Haken 62 ausgebildet, an dem das eine, vom Schaltkontakt 32 und vom Hebel 50 entfernte Ende der Schnappfeder 12 befestigt ist. Das vom Hebel 50 entfernte Ende 64 des Lenkers selbst ragt in eine Aussparung 66 der Gehäusewand 6 hinein, deren obere und untere Begrenzung je einen Anschlag für den Lenker 60 bilden. Zwischen dem Haken 62 und dem Ende 64 ist am Lenker 60 ein kegelförmiger Angriffspunkt 68 für einen Arm 70 eines Betätigungsgliedes 72 ausgebildet.A hook 62 is formed on the handlebar 60, on which the one end of the snap spring 12, which is remote from the switching contact 32 and from the lever 50, is fastened. The end 64 of the handlebar itself, which is remote from the lever 50, projects into a recess 66 in the housing wall 6, the upper and lower limits of which each form a stop for the handlebar 60. Between the hook 62 and the end 64, a conical engagement point 68 for an arm 70 of an actuator 72 is formed on the handlebar 60.

Je nachdem, ob das Einstellglied 52 mehr oder weniger tief in den Gehäuseboden 4 eingeschraubt ist, liegt das Ende 64 des Lenkers 60 in Ruhestellung des Schnappschalters 10 mit einer mehr oder weniger großen Vorspannung an der oberen Begrenzung der Aussparung 66 an (Fig. 4 und 5a). Wenn jedoch das Betätigunsglied 72 mit seinem Arm 70 auf den Angriffspunkt 68 eine nach unten gerichtete Kraft ausübt, die einen bestimmten, der Vorspannung entsprechenden Betrag überschreitet, dann drückt diese Kraft den Lenker 60 in seine untere Anschlagstellung (Fig.5b, c und d), und auf dem Weg dorthin springt die Schnappfeder 12 schlagartig um, so daß deren Schaltkontakt 32, der in der Ausgangsstellung am oberen ortsfesten Kontakt 28 angelegen hat, sich schlagartig von diesem löst und an den unteren ortsfesten Kontakt 30 anlegt, womit die Endstellung des Schnappschalters 10 erreicht ist. Der Schnappschalter 10 verharrt so lange in seiner Endstellung, bis die vom Arm 70 auf den Angriffspunkt 68 ausgeübte Kraft wieder kleiner wird als die vom Einstellglied 52 in Verbindung mit den Blattfedern 56 erzeugte Vorspannung.Depending on whether the setting member 52 is screwed more or less deeply into the housing base 4, the end 64 of the link 60 rests in the rest position of the snap switch 10 with a more or less large bias against the upper limit of the recess 66 (FIGS. 4 and 5a). However, if the actuating member 72 exerts with its arm 70 a downward force on the point of application 68 which exceeds a certain amount corresponding to the preload, this force pushes the handlebar 60 into its lower stop position (FIGS. 5b, c and d) , and on the way, the snap spring 12 jumps around suddenly, so that its switching contact 32, which has applied to the upper fixed contact 28 in the starting position, suddenly detaches from it and contacts the lower fixed contact 30, thus the end position of the snap switch 10 is reached. The snap switch 10 remains in its end position until the force exerted by the arm 70 on the point of application 68 again becomes smaller than the pretension generated by the setting element 52 in connection with the leaf springs 56.

Das Betätigungsglied 72 ist gemäß Fig. 1 als dreiarmiger Hebel ausgebildet und weist in seiner Mitte eine hohlkegelförmige Pfanne 74 auf. In die Pfanne 74 greift ein Dorn 76 ein, der sich wie die Pfanne 74 nach unten verjüngt, jedoch mit einem kleineren Winkel, so daß er innerhalb der Pfanne allseits kippen kann. Der Dorn 76 ist an einer Druckplatte 78 ausgebildet, auf der die Membran 8 aufliegt.1 is designed as a three-armed lever and has a hollow conical socket 74 in its center. A mandrel 76 engages in the pan 74, which tapers downward like the pan 74, but at a smaller angle, so that it can tip on all sides within the pan. The mandrel 76 is formed on a pressure plate 78 on which the membrane 8 rests.

In Fig. 1 ist das Gehäuse 2 ohne Membran 8 und Druckplatte 78 dargestellt; die obersten hier gezeichneten Bauteile sind die Kontaktträger 34, 34' und 34" sowie das Betätigungsglied 72 mit seinen drei Armen 70, 70' und 70". Diese Bauteile, die in Fig. 1 durch dicke Linien hervorgehoben werden, sind in Fig. 2 fortgelassen, so daß dort die Schnappfedern 12, 12' und 12" zuoberst liegen. Die in Fig. mit dicken Linien hervorgehobenen Schnappfedern 12, 12' und 12" sind in Fig. 3 fortgelassen, so daß dort die Hebel 50, 50' und 50", die Blattfedern 56, 56' und 56" sowie die Lenker 60, 60' und 60" in allen wesentlichen Einzelheiten dargestellt und mit dicken Linien hervorgehoben sind. Mit dünnen Linien sind in Fig. 1 bis 3 außerdem Zwischenwände 80, 80' und 80" dargestellt, die sich innerhalb des Gehäuses 2 im wesentlichen radial erstrecken und die drei Schnappschalter 10, 10' und 10" voneinander trennen.In Fig. 1, the housing 2 is shown without membrane 8 and pressure plate 78; the uppermost components shown here are the contact carriers 34, 34 'and 34 "and the actuator 72 with its three arms 70, 70' and 70". These components, which are highlighted in FIG. 1 by thick lines, are omitted in FIG. 2, so that the snap springs 12, 12 'and 12 "lie at the top. The snap springs 12, 12' and 12 "are omitted in Fig. 3, so that there the levers 50, 50 'and 50", the leaf springs 56, 56' and 56 "and the handlebars 60, 60 'and 60" shown in all essential details and with thick lines 1 to 3, intermediate walls 80, 80 'and 80 "are also shown with thin lines, which essentially extend radially within the housing 2 and separate the three snap switches 10, 10' and 10" from one another.

Von den drei Armen 70, 70' und 70" des Betätigungsgliedes 72 ist gemäß Fig. 5a bis d der Arm 70 an seinem auf den Angriffspunkt 58 drückenden Ende unten pfannenförmig ausgebildet, der mit dem Angriffspunkt 68' zusammenwirkende Arm 70' hat dagegen an der Unterseite seines Endes die Form einer in bezug auf das Gehäuse 2 annähernd radialen Kerbe während der mit dem Angriffspunkt 68" zusammenwirkende Arm 70" an der Unterseite seines Endes eben ausgebildet ist. Auf diese Weise ist das Betätigungsglied 70 auf den drei Angriffspunkten 68, 68' und 68" in statisch eindeutiger Weise spielfrei abgestützt.Of the three arms 70, 70 'and 70 "of the actuating member 72, according to FIGS. 5a to d, the arm 70 is pan-shaped at its end which presses on the point of application 58, while the arm 70' interacting with the point of attack 68 'has on the other The underside of its end has the shape of a notch which is approximately radial with respect to the housing 2, while the arm 70 which cooperates with the point of engagement 68 "is flat on the underside of its end. In this way, the actuating member 70 is at the three points of attack 68, 68 ' and 68 "supported in a statically clear manner without play.

Gemäß Fig. 5a liegen die Angriffspunkte 68, 68' und 68" in der Ausgangsstellung des zugehörigen Schnappschalters 10 bzw. 10' bzw. 10" in unterschiedlicher Höhe über einer beliebig gewählten Basisebene E, die sich normal zur Wirkungslinie der Druckkraft D erstreckt. Die größte Höhe H über der Basisebene E hat der Angriffspunkt 68 des ersten Schnappschalters 10, die zweitgrößte Höhe H' hat der Angriffspunkt 68' des zweiten Schnappschalters 10' und die geringste Höhe H" hat der Angriffspunkt 68" des dritten Schnappschalters 10". Beim Umschnappen des ersten Schnappschalters 10 ändern sich die Höhenverhältnisse jedoch gemäß Fig. 5b derart, daß nun der Angriffspunkt 68 eine Höhenlage einnimmt, die zwischen den Höhen H' und H" liegt. Entsprechende Höhenänderungen finden statt, wenn gemäß Fig. 5c der zweite Schnappschalter 10' und gemäß Fig. 5d der dritte Schnappschalter 10" aus seiner Ausgangsstellung in seine Endstellung umschnappt.According to FIG. 5a, the points of attack 68, 68 'and 68 "in the starting position of the associated snap switch 10 or 10' or 10" lie at different heights above an arbitrarily selected base plane E, which extends normally to the line of action of the pressure force D. The point 68 of the first snap switch 10 has the greatest height H above the base plane E, the point 68 'of the second snap switch 10' has the second greatest height H 'and the point 68 "of the third snap switch 10" has the lowest height H " Snap the first snap switch 10, however, the height ratios change according to FIG. 5b in such a way that the point of application 68 now assumes a height which lies between the heights H 'and H ". Corresponding changes in height take place when, according to FIG. 5c, the second snap switch 10 'and, according to FIG. 5d, the third snap switch 10 "snaps from its initial position into its end position.

Claims (5)

1. A multiple pressure switch, comprising first and second snap switches (10 and 10', respectively) each adopting a starting position under spring bias and comprising first and second points of engagement (68 and 68', respectively) for an actuating member (72) which is supported at a total of three points of engagement (68, 68', 68") located at the corners of an assumed triangle and which first lets the first (10) and then the second snap switch (10') switch over into a final position as an external force (D) acting on the actuating member (72) within the triangle increases gradually, characterized in that, based on a base plane (E) perpendicular to the direction of action of the external force (D), the first point of engagement (68), in its starting position (figs. 4, 5a), is located higher and, in its final position (figs. 5b, c, d), lower than the second point of engagement (68') in its starting position (figs. 5a, b), and in that the second point of engagement (68') is located higher in its starting position (figs. 5a, b) and lower in its final position (figs. 5c, d) than the third point of engagement (68").
2. The multiple pressure switch as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the second point of engagement (68') in its starting position (figs. 5a, b) is located at half the level between the starting and final positions of the first point of engagement (68).
3. The multiple pressure switch as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first point of engagement (68) in its final position (figs. 5b, c, d) is located at half the level between the starting and final positions of the second point of engagement (68').
4. The multiple pressure switch as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 3, which, in addition, comprises a third snap switch (10") at which the third point of engagement (68") for the actuating member (72) is formed and which snaps over after the second snap switch (10') as the external force (D) increases gradually, characterized in that in its final position (fig. 5d) the third point of engagement (68") is located lower than the second point of engagement (68') in its final position.
5. The multiple pressure switch as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the second point of engagement (68') in its final position (figs. 5c, d) is located at half the level between the starting and final positions of the third point of engagement (68").
EP80105745A 1979-09-26 1980-09-24 Multiple pressure-switch Expired EP0026449B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80105745T ATE3794T1 (en) 1979-09-26 1980-09-24 MULTIPLE PRESSURE SWITCH.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19792938960 DE2938960A1 (en) 1979-09-26 1979-09-26 MULTIPLE PRESSURE SWITCHES
DE2938960 1979-09-26
US06/214,948 US4346276A (en) 1979-09-26 1980-12-10 Multiple pressure switch

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EP0026449A1 EP0026449A1 (en) 1981-04-08
EP0026449B1 true EP0026449B1 (en) 1983-06-15

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EP80105745A Expired EP0026449B1 (en) 1979-09-26 1980-09-24 Multiple pressure-switch

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US (1) US4346276A (en)
EP (1) EP0026449B1 (en)
DE (1) DE2938960A1 (en)

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DE3821425C1 (en) * 1988-06-24 1989-06-08 Elektromanufaktur Zangenstein Hanauer Gmbh & Co, 8471 Altendorf, De

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2937309A1 (en) * 1979-09-14 1981-04-02 Elektromanufaktur Zangenstein Hanauer Gmbh & Co, 8471 Zangenstein SNAP SWITCH AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
DE3540458A1 (en) * 1985-11-14 1987-05-21 Behr Thomson Dehnstoffregler ELECTRICAL SWITCHGEAR
GB9214372D0 (en) * 1992-07-07 1992-08-19 Ici Plc Process for making mdi based flexible foam
IT1272381B (en) * 1993-04-28 1997-06-23 Siceb Spa PRESSURE SENSOR FOR CONTROL OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS AND SIMILAR

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US2542533A (en) * 1947-09-20 1951-02-20 Anchor Mfg Co Multiple switch actuator
US2954447A (en) * 1958-12-18 1960-09-27 Therm O Disc Inc Thermostatic switch
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US3105130A (en) * 1960-07-20 1963-09-24 Jr George W Weiford Multiplex switch system
DE1273037B (en) * 1960-11-08 1968-07-18 Walter Holzer Pressure dependent electrical switch
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DE2938960A1 (en) 1981-04-09
US4346276A (en) 1982-08-24

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