EP0301413B1 - Electrical switch, especially for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Electrical switch, especially for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0301413B1
EP0301413B1 EP88111768A EP88111768A EP0301413B1 EP 0301413 B1 EP0301413 B1 EP 0301413B1 EP 88111768 A EP88111768 A EP 88111768A EP 88111768 A EP88111768 A EP 88111768A EP 0301413 B1 EP0301413 B1 EP 0301413B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
tappet
electric switch
switch according
switching tappet
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88111768A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0301413A1 (en
Inventor
Hubert Spazierer
Adam Weber
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SWF Auto Electric GmbH
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SWF Auto Electric GmbH
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Publication of EP0301413A1 publication Critical patent/EP0301413A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/50—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a single operating member
    • H01H13/56—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a single operating member the contact returning to its original state upon the next application of operating force
    • H01H13/60—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a single operating member the contact returning to its original state upon the next application of operating force with contact-driving member moved alternately in opposite directions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switch which is to be used in particular for motor vehicles and has the features from the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a switch is e.g. B. from EP-A-112 483 known.
  • This push button switch has a base with guide walls, on the inside of which grooves are cut out.
  • the grooves have funnel-shaped extensions in the upper area, which are delimited by lugs projecting into the grooves.
  • a swivel slide comparable to the switching plunger is guided by means of stub axles, which is formed from a pressure bracket and two tappets.
  • the above-mentioned lugs projecting into the grooves serve as stops for the stub axles of the pivoting slide.
  • the tappets of the swivel slide alternately engage the assigned parts of the switching linkage of a tilting element which is combined with a contact element to form a contact rocker that can be pivoted about a stationary bearing web.
  • a prestressed spiral compression spring is arranged, which largely immerses in the interior of the swivel slide and must be supported transversely to the swivel plane by lateral wall-like structures of the swivel slide.
  • This spring fulfills three functions at the same time, namely the resetting of the swivel slide and push button after releasing the depressed push button, the stabilization of the switching state of the contact rocker and the swiveling of the swivel slide into the other rest position when the push button is released. A fine adjustment of the spring force to the the force required for the respective function is therefore not possible. A relatively large force must therefore be applied to actuate the pushbutton.
  • the swing valve must have at least two plungers for reasons of space. Additional means must be provided for the spring in relation to the swivel plane of the swivel slide in order to prevent the pretensioned spring from escaping in this direction.
  • the shape of the swivel slide and the engagement of the pushbutton in the swivel slide are correspondingly complicated. Ultimately, this complexity has an adverse effect on simple assembly.
  • corresponding pins are provided for self-clamping reception of the spring ends on the pivoting slide and on the contact rocker.
  • the contact rocker and spring or contact rocker, spring and swivel slide can be preassembled to form a structural unit which is then to be mechanically mountable.
  • this does not avoid the assembly process of these parts, it merely shifts them. It cannot be ruled out that the individual parts are actually captive during mechanical assembly of the preassembled unit, or that the spring will become unusable due to its flexibility due to buckling.
  • This known push button switch has an advantageously simple structure, but long switching strokes of the push button are required to switch to the other stable switching position.
  • malfunctions or switching difficulties can occur if the shape of the spring is not precisely aligned with the apex of the contact pad of the rocker switch due to shape deviations or changes in the shape of the spring or inaccurate assembly.
  • the invention has for its object to develop an electrical switch with the features from the preamble of claim 1 so that a small switching stroke of the push button and a small force on the push button are required for switching to the other switching state that malfunctions in switching operation excluded are and that a simple or mechanical assembly of the switching plunger or the assembly containing the switching plunger is possible.
  • the switching plunger has only one finger which interacts with the rocker switch and, in addition, an attack means for a spring-elastic web of the rocker switch.
  • the rocker switch in turn has between its trunnion next to an open to the switching plunger Recording for the finger of the switching plunger, which is equipped with stops in the pivoting direction for the finger of the switching plunger, a spring-elastic web protruding in one piece from it.
  • This web which acts as a spring, engages - as seen from the pivot axis of the rocker switch - beyond the pivot plane of the switching plunger on the attack means.
  • the spring-elastic web of the rocker switch swivels the switching plunger and thus its finger into the other rest position with each switching operation.
  • a switch of this type requires only a small stroke of the pushbutton for switching to the other switching state, since the changeover of the switching plunger to the other rest position is not derived from the lifting movement of the pushbutton.
  • the required pressure force on the push button can also be kept low, since the spring force of the various springs can be sensitively adjusted to the lowest spring force required for the respective function.
  • the engaging means located on the switching plunger for the resilient web is a shaft into which the resilient web engages and in which it is guided at the same time.
  • the displaceability and the pivotability of the switching plunger are obtained in a simple manner in that, according to claim 3, the plunger is mounted with the aid of at least one pivot pin and at least one elongated hole. Is according to claim 4, the slot in the base plate and the pivot pin on the switching plunger, the pivot axis is fixed with respect to the switching plunger.
  • the plunger is advantageously held captively on the base plate. This greatly simplifies the assembly and functional testing.
  • This captivity of the plunger is achieved with simple assembly according to claim 5 in that the elongated hole has an insertion slot, preferably provided with an insertion bevel, the width of which is smaller than the diameter of the pivot pin.
  • the housing 10 of the electrical switch shown is composed of a frame 11 and a base plate 12.
  • the base plate 12 is provided with a series of raised parts that perform storage and support functions.
  • a rocker switch 13 is pivotally mounted in it by means of two pivot pins 14. With these pivots 14, the rocker switch 13 is inserted into two grooves 15 so far that the pivots 14 have each skipped a locking projection 16 at the bottom of the grooves and are thus secured in the grooves 15.
  • a leaf spring is clamped as a snap spring 20 with one end in the rocker switch 13, while it is supported with its other end in a notch in a metal sheet 21.
  • the distance between the bearing axis of the rocker switch 13 and the metal sheet 21 and the length of the leaf spring 20 are coordinated so that the leaf spring must be bent and the rocker switch 13 holds after switching over in the end position reached.
  • a movable contact tongue 22 is formed in one piece with a contact bead 23 which interacts alternately with two fixed contacts 24 and 25 held on the base plate 12.
  • each groove 15 there is above each groove 15 an elongated hole 32, the longitudinal direction of which corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the grooves 15 and which is at the top in one with a Insertion bevel 33 provided insertion slot 34 opens outwards.
  • the width of the insertion slot 34 is smaller than the width of the respective elongated hole 32.
  • the elongated holes 32 penetrate the columns 30 and 31 over their entire width, so that the two columns in the area of the elongated holes 32 have a clothespin-like shape.
  • the two elongated holes 32 are each closed to the outside towards the frame 11 by a metal sheet 35 which is inserted in the base plate 12, penetrates it and forms a flat plug on the outside.
  • a switching plunger 40 engages with two pins 41, the diameter of which corresponds to the width of the elongated holes 32, and is thus mounted such that it can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the elongated holes 32, but at the same time can also be pivoted.
  • the switching plunger 40 When the switching plunger 40 is pivoted, its pivot axis is formed by the axis of the pins 41, so that it is fixed relative to the switching plunger 40.
  • the pins 41 are pressed into the elongated holes 32 through the insertion slots 34.
  • the insertion slots 34 widen in the process.
  • the pin 41 and thus the switching plunger 40 are secured in the elongated holes 32 and thus on the base plate 12, since the width of the insertion slots 34 is smaller than the diameter of the pin 41.
  • the distance between the end faces 42 of the two pins corresponds approximately to the distance the mutually facing side surfaces of the metal sheets 35, so that the switching plunger 40 has little play in the direction of the axis of the pin 41.
  • a bore 45 opens into each slot 32, into which a helical compression spring 46 is inserted.
  • a mandrel 47 runs inside each helical compression spring 46 and lies with a plate 48 between the helical compression spring and the pin 41.
  • the helical compression springs 46 press the pins 41 against the upper end of the elongated holes 32.
  • the mandrels 47 are spaced from the bottom of the bores 45 so that they move the switching plunger 40 downward do not hinder.
  • One pivot pin 41 of the switching plunger 40 extends from the elongated hole 32 far inward, where a finger 49 is formed on it, which projects into a receptacle 50 of the rocker switch 13 which is open towards the switching plunger 40 and which has two stops in the pivoting direction of the switching plunger 40 51 provided and the bottom 52 is slightly shaped like a gable roof.
  • the rocker switch 13 has a resilient web 60 which extends beyond the axis of the pivot pins 41 of the switch plunger 40 and which, viewed from the pivot axis of the rocker switch 13, extends beyond a shaft 61 beyond the axis of the pivot pins 41 on the switch plunger 40 attacks.
  • the web 60 pivots the switching plunger 40 in such a way that in an end position of the switching rocker 13 it rests against a stop 51 of the receptacle 50 of the switching rocker 13.
  • a push button 65 is guided in a straight line displaceable within a limited distance. Return springs, not shown in the figures, ensure that the pushbutton returns to the position shown in the figures after actuation.
  • a pin 66 is molded onto the pushbutton, which extends through an intermediate ceiling 67 of the frame 11 in the rest position of the pushbutton 65 and the switching plunger 40 to just before these. It can act on the switching plunger 40 on the outer circumference of the pivot pin 41, which extends far inwards, exactly above the finger 49.
  • the switching plunger 40 is carried along via the pin 66. Its finger 49 remains on the stop 51 of the receptacle 50 of the rocker switch 13 and pivots the latter - viewed in FIG. 1 - clockwise.
  • the snap spring 20 curves S-shaped until its dead center is overcome, and then suddenly switches the rocker switch 13 to the other end position. If the push button 65 is then released, the switching plunger 40 returns with its pivot pin 41 to the upper end of the elongated holes 32 back and is thereby pivoted clockwise by the web 60 of the rocker switch 13 until it rests on the other stop 51 of the receptacle 50 of the rocker switch 13.

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  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen elektrischen Schalter, der insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge verwendet werden soll und die Merkmale aus dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 aufweist.The invention relates to an electrical switch which is to be used in particular for motor vehicles and has the features from the preamble of claim 1.

Ein solcher Schalter ist z. B. aus der EP-A-112 483 bekannt. Dieser Drucktastenschalter weist einen Sockel mit Führungswänden auf, an deren Innenseiten Nuten ausgespart sind. Die Nuten weisen im oberen Bereich zwecks Montageerleichterung trichterförmige Erweiterungen auf, die durch in die Nuten hineinragende Nasen abgegrenzt sind. In diesen Nuten ist mittels Achsstummeln ein mit dem Schaltstößel vergleichbarer Schwenkschieber geführt, der aus einem Druckbügel und zwei Stößeln gebildet ist. Die erwähnten, in die Nuten hineinragenden Nasen dienen als Anschläge für die Achsstummel des Schwenkschiebers. Die Stößel des Schwenkschiebers greifen bei Beaufschlagung durch die Drucktaste wechselweise in die zugeordneten Teile der Schaltkulisse eines Kippelements ein, welches mit einem Kontaktelement zu einer um einen ortsfesten Lagersteg schwenkbaren Kontaktwippe vereinigt ist. Zwischen dem Schwenkschieber und der Kontaktwippe ist eine vorgespannte Spiral-Druckfeder angeordnet, die weitgehend in den Innenraum des Schwenkschiebers eintaucht und durch seitliche wandartige Gebilde des Schwenkschiebers quer zur Schwenkebene abgestützt werden muß.Such a switch is e.g. B. from EP-A-112 483 known. This push button switch has a base with guide walls, on the inside of which grooves are cut out. In order to facilitate assembly, the grooves have funnel-shaped extensions in the upper area, which are delimited by lugs projecting into the grooves. In these grooves, a swivel slide comparable to the switching plunger is guided by means of stub axles, which is formed from a pressure bracket and two tappets. The above-mentioned lugs projecting into the grooves serve as stops for the stub axles of the pivoting slide. The tappets of the swivel slide alternately engage the assigned parts of the switching linkage of a tilting element which is combined with a contact element to form a contact rocker that can be pivoted about a stationary bearing web. Between the swivel slide and the contact rocker a prestressed spiral compression spring is arranged, which largely immerses in the interior of the swivel slide and must be supported transversely to the swivel plane by lateral wall-like structures of the swivel slide.

Diese Feder erfüllt drei Funktionen zugleich, nämlich die Rückstellung von Schwenkschieber und Drucktaste nach dem Loslassen der niedergedrückten Drucktaste, die Stabilisierung des Schaltzustandes der Kontaktwippe und das Umschwenken des Schwenkschiebers in die andere Ruhestellung beim Loslassen der Drucktaste. Eine feinfühlige Anpassung der Federkraft an die lediglich für die jeweilige Funktion erforderliche Kraft ist somit nicht möglich. Für das Betätigen der Drucktaste muß also eine relativ große Kraft angewendet werden.This spring fulfills three functions at the same time, namely the resetting of the swivel slide and push button after releasing the depressed push button, the stabilization of the switching state of the contact rocker and the swiveling of the swivel slide into the other rest position when the push button is released. A fine adjustment of the spring force to the the force required for the respective function is therefore not possible. A relatively large force must therefore be applied to actuate the pushbutton.

Durch die Verwendung nur einer Feder für die drei genannten Funktionen muß diese zwangsläufig in einer zentralen Position zwischen der Kontaktwippe und dem Schwenkschieber angeordnet sein. Deshalb muß der Schwenkschieber aus Platzgründen mindestens zwei Stößel besitzen. Durch zusätzliche Mittel müssen, bezogen auf die Schwenkebene des Schwenkschiebers, seitliche Begrenzungen für die Feder vorgesehen werden, um ein Ausweichen der vorgespannten Feder in diese Richtung zu verhindern. Entsprechend kompliziert sind dann die Form des Schwenkschiebers und der Eingriff der Drucktaste in den Schwenkschieber. Letzendlich wirkt sich diese Kompliziertheit nachteilig bezüglich einer einfachen Montage aus.By using only one spring for the three functions mentioned, this must inevitably be arranged in a central position between the contact rocker and the pivoting slide. Therefore, the swing valve must have at least two plungers for reasons of space. Additional means must be provided for the spring in relation to the swivel plane of the swivel slide in order to prevent the pretensioned spring from escaping in this direction. The shape of the swivel slide and the engagement of the pushbutton in the swivel slide are correspondingly complicated. Ultimately, this complexity has an adverse effect on simple assembly.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante dieses bekannten Schalters sind für eine selbstklemmende Aufnahme der Federenden am Schwenkschieber und an der Kontaktwippe entsprechende Zapfen vorgesehen. Dadurch können Kontaktwippe und Feder oder Kontaktwippe, Feder und Schwenkschieber zu einer Baueinheit vormontiert werden, welche dann maschinell montierbar sein soll. Dadurch wird aber der Montageprozeß dieser Teile nicht vermieden, sondern lediglich verlagert. Es ist auch nicht auszuschließen, daß bei einer maschinellen Montage der vormontierten Baueinheit die einzelnen Teile tatsächlich unverlierbar sind oder aufgrund ihrer Beweglichkeit die Feder durch Ausknicken unbrauchbar wird.According to an embodiment variant of this known switch, corresponding pins are provided for self-clamping reception of the spring ends on the pivoting slide and on the contact rocker. As a result, the contact rocker and spring or contact rocker, spring and swivel slide can be preassembled to form a structural unit which is then to be mechanically mountable. However, this does not avoid the assembly process of these parts, it merely shifts them. It cannot be ruled out that the individual parts are actually captive during mechanical assembly of the preassembled unit, or that the spring will become unusable due to its flexibility due to buckling.

Aus der DE-B-1 098 073 ist weiterhin ein elektrischer Tastschalter mit zwei stabilen Schaltstellungen bekannt. Dieser Schalter ist mit einem Schnappfeder-Kontakt ausgestattet, der durch eine an ihm angreifende Schaltwippe in die jeweils andere Schaltstellung bringbar ist. Die Schaltwippe ist sattelartig auf einen vom Gehäuseboden hervorstehenden, oben abgerundeten Steg aufgesetzt, wobei die beidseitigen Sattelschenkel die Schwenkbewegung der Schaltwippe begrenzen. An der Oberseite ist die Schaltwippe mit Kerben für den wechselweisen Eingriff eines mit der Drucktaste fest verbundenen Stößels ausgestattet. Der Druckknopf mit Stößel ist oberhalb des Gehäuseoberteiles in irgendeiner Führung angeordnet und mit einer konischen Spiralfeder, die koaxial den Stößel umgibt, gegen das Gehäuseoberteil abgestützt. Der Stößel wird durch den Druckknopf zentriert und durch die Feder so ausgerichtet, daß er sich stets in senkrechter Lage befindet bzw. bei einer Ablenkung durch den Eingriff in die Schaltwippe anschließend wieder zurückgestellt wird.From DE-B-1 098 073 an electrical key switch with two stable switch positions is also known. This switch is equipped with a snap spring contact, which can be brought into the other switching position by a switching rocker engaging it. The rocker switch is placed like a saddle on a web that protrudes from the bottom of the housing and is rounded at the top, the saddle legs on both sides limiting the pivoting movement of the rocker switch. At the top is the rocker switch with notches for alternating engagement with the Push-button fitted tappet. The push button with plunger is arranged above the upper housing part in any guide and is supported against the upper housing part with a conical spiral spring which coaxially surrounds the plunger. The plunger is centered by the push button and aligned by the spring so that it is always in a vertical position or is then reset in the event of a deflection due to the engagement in the rocker switch.

Dieser bekannte Tastschalter hat zwar einen vorteilhaft einfachen Aufbau, jedoch sind zum Umschalten in die jeweils andere stabile Schaltposition lange Schalthübe der Drucktaste erforderlich. Außerdem können Funktionsstörungen oder Schaltschwierigkeiten auftreten, wenn durch Formabweichungen oder Formveränderungen der Feder oder ungenaue Montage wegen zu großer Toleranzen der Stößel nicht genau auf den Scheitelpunkt des Auflagesteges der Schaltwippe ausgerichtet ist.This known push button switch has an advantageously simple structure, but long switching strokes of the push button are required to switch to the other stable switching position. In addition, malfunctions or switching difficulties can occur if the shape of the spring is not precisely aligned with the apex of the contact pad of the rocker switch due to shape deviations or changes in the shape of the spring or inaccurate assembly.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen elektrischen Schalter mit den Merkmalen aus dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 so weiterzuentwickeln, daß für das Umschalten in den anderen Schaltzustand ein geringer Schalthub der Drucktaste und eine geringe Kraft auf die Drucktaste erforderlich sind, daß Funktionsstörungen im Schaltbetrieb ausgeschlossen sind und daß eine einfache bzw. maschinelle Montage des Schaltstößels bzw. der den Schaltstößel enthaltenden Baueinheit möglich ist.The invention has for its object to develop an electrical switch with the features from the preamble of claim 1 so that a small switching stroke of the push button and a small force on the push button are required for switching to the other switching state that malfunctions in switching operation excluded are and that a simple or mechanical assembly of the switching plunger or the assembly containing the switching plunger is possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß bei einem elektrischen Schalter, der die Merkmale aus dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 aufweist, der Schaltstößel nur einen mit der Schaltwippe zusammenwirkenden Finger und daneben ein Angriffsmittel für einen federelastischen Steg der Schaltwippe besitzt. Die Schaltwippe wiederum besitzt zwischen ihren Drehzapfen neben einer zum Schaltstößel hin offenen Aufnahme für den Finger des Schaltstößels, die mit Anschlägen in Schwenkrichtung für den Finger des Schaltstößels ausgestattet ist, einen einstückig von ihr abstehenden federelastischen Steg. Dieser Steg, der als Feder wirkt, greift - von der Schwenkachse der Schaltwippe aus gesehen - jenseits der Schwenkebene des Schaltstößels an dem Angriffsmittel an. Der federelastische Steg der Schaltwippe schwenkt den Schaltstößel und damit dessen Finger bei jedem Schaltvorgang in die jeweils andere Ruhestellung.This object is achieved in that in the case of an electrical switch which has the features from the preamble of claim 1, the switching plunger has only one finger which interacts with the rocker switch and, in addition, an attack means for a spring-elastic web of the rocker switch. The rocker switch in turn has between its trunnion next to an open to the switching plunger Recording for the finger of the switching plunger, which is equipped with stops in the pivoting direction for the finger of the switching plunger, a spring-elastic web protruding in one piece from it. This web, which acts as a spring, engages - as seen from the pivot axis of the rocker switch - beyond the pivot plane of the switching plunger on the attack means. The spring-elastic web of the rocker switch swivels the switching plunger and thus its finger into the other rest position with each switching operation.

Ein Schalter dieser Bauart benötigt für das Umschalten in den anderen Schaltzustand nur einen geringen Hub der Drucktaste, da die Umstellung des Schaltstößels in die andere Ruhestellung nicht von der Hubbewegung der Drucktaste abgeleitet wird. Die erforderliche Druckkraft auf die Drucktaste kann ebenfalls gering gehalten werden, da die verschiedenen Federn in ihrer Federkraft feinfühlig auf die geringste, für die jeweilige Funktion erforderliche Federkraft eingestellt werden kann.A switch of this type requires only a small stroke of the pushbutton for switching to the other switching state, since the changeover of the switching plunger to the other rest position is not derived from the lifting movement of the pushbutton. The required pressure force on the push button can also be kept low, since the spring force of the various springs can be sensitively adjusted to the lowest spring force required for the respective function.

Durch die unkomplizierte Gestaltung der einzelnen Bauteile und durch die Einstückigkeit des federelastischen Steges mit der Schaltwippe, an der gleichzeitig die Schnappfeder-Kontaktanordnung unverlierbar befestigt sein kann, ist eine einfache Montage bzw. die Möglichkeit zur maschinellen Montage gegeben.The uncomplicated design of the individual components and the one-piece design of the spring-elastic web with the rocker switch, to which the snap spring contact arrangement can be captively attached at the same time, provides for simple assembly or the possibility of mechanical assembly.

Durch das Zusammenwirken des federelastischen Steges mit dem Schaltstößel in einem Angriffspunkt jenseits der Schwenkachse des Schaltstößels sind nur sehr geringe Kräfte für das Schwenken des Schaltstößels in die neue Ruheposition erforderlich. Dementsprechend gering sind die von dem federelastischen Steg zu übertragenden Kräfte und dementsprechend fein kann dieser federelastische Steg ausgebildet sein. Für die Umschaltung der Schaltwippe ist nur ein sehr kleiner Verschiebeweg des Schaltstößels erforderlich. Dadurch wird der Schalthub an der Drucktaste insgesamt verringert. Für die Lagerung des Schaltstößels genügt deshalb auch ein relativ kurzes Langloch, so daß man klein bauen kann.Due to the interaction of the resilient web with the switching plunger at a point of application beyond the pivot axis of the switching plunger, only very small forces are required for pivoting the switching plunger into the new rest position. The forces to be transmitted by the resilient web are correspondingly low and this resilient web can be designed accordingly. Only a very small displacement of the switching plunger is required to switch the rocker switch. As a result, the switching stroke on the pushbutton is reduced overall. For the storage of the switching plunger, a relatively short slot is therefore sufficient, so that one can build small.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen eines erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Schalters kann man den Unteransprüchen entnehmen.Advantageous configurations of an electrical switch according to the invention can be found in the subclaims.

So ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das am Schaltstößel befindliche Angriffsmittel für den federelastischen Steg ein Schacht ist, in den der federelastische Steg eingreift und in dem er gleichzeitig geführt ist.So it is advantageous if the engaging means located on the switching plunger for the resilient web is a shaft into which the resilient web engages and in which it is guided at the same time.

Die Verschiebbarkeit und die Verschwenkbarkeit des Schaltstößels erhält man auf einfache Weise dadurch, daß gemäß Anspruch 3 der Stößel mit Hilfe wenigstens eines Drehzapfens und wenigstens eines Langlochs gelagert ist. Befindet sich gemaß Anspruch 4 das Langloch in der Grundplatte und der Drehzapfen am Schaltstößel, so ist die Schwenkachse bezüglich des Schaltstößels fest.The displaceability and the pivotability of the switching plunger are obtained in a simple manner in that, according to claim 3, the plunger is mounted with the aid of at least one pivot pin and at least one elongated hole. Is according to claim 4, the slot in the base plate and the pivot pin on the switching plunger, the pivot axis is fixed with respect to the switching plunger.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Stößel unverlierbar an der Grundplatte gehalten. Dadurch werden die Montage- und die Funktionsprüfung sehr erleichtert. Diese Unverlierbarkeit des Stößels wird bei einfacher Montage gemäß Anspruch 5 dadurch erreicht, daß das Langloch einen vorzugsweise mit einer Einführschräge versehenen Einführschlitz aufweist, dessen Breite kleiner ist als der Durchmesser des Drehzapfens.The plunger is advantageously held captively on the base plate. This greatly simplifies the assembly and functional testing. This captivity of the plunger is achieved with simple assembly according to claim 5 in that the elongated hole has an insertion slot, preferably provided with an insertion bevel, the width of which is smaller than the diameter of the pivot pin.

Eventuell notwendige Rückstellfedern für den Schaltstößel kann man entsprechend Anspruch 12 platzsparend an jedem in ein Langloch ragenden Drehzapfen des Schaltstößels angreifen lassen. Auch mit einer langen Feder ist dies möglich, wenn man in der Grundplatte eine Bohrung vorsieht, die sich in Verlängerung des Langlochs erstreckt und sich zum Langloch hin öffnet.Possibly necessary return springs for the switching plunger can be engaged in a space-saving manner on each pivot pin of the switching plunger projecting into an elongated hole. This is also possible with a long spring if a hole is provided in the base plate which extends in the extension of the elongated hole and opens towards the elongated hole.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Schalters ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt. Anhand der Figuren dieser Zeichnungen soll die Erfindung nun auch im Hinblick auf weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen näher erläutert werden.An embodiment of an electrical switch according to the invention is shown in the drawings. Based on the figures of these drawings, the invention will now be explained in more detail with regard to further advantageous configurations.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
Teilschnitte durch den elektrischen Schalter in verschiedenen Ebenen und
Figur 2
Teilschnitte durch denselben elektrischen Schalter in zu den Schnitten aus Figur 1 senkrechten Ebenen.
Show it:
Figure 1
Partial sections through the electrical switch in different levels and
Figure 2
Partial sections through the same electrical switch in planes perpendicular to the sections from FIG. 1.

Das Gehäuse 10 des gezeigten elektrischen Schalters setzt sich aus einem Rahmen 11 und einer Grundplatte 12 zusammen. Die Grundplatte 12 ist mit einer Reihe von erhabenen Teilen versehen, die Lager- und Abstützfunktionen erfüllen. So ist in ihr eine Schaltwippe 13 mit Hilfe von zwei Drehzapfen 14 schwenkbar gelagert. Mit diesen Drehzapfen 14 ist die Schaltwippe 13 in zwei Nuten 15 so weit eingeführt, daß die Drehzapfen 14 jeweils einen Rastvorsprung 16 am Grunde der Nuten übersprungen haben und somit in den Nuten 15 gesichert sind.The housing 10 of the electrical switch shown is composed of a frame 11 and a base plate 12. The base plate 12 is provided with a series of raised parts that perform storage and support functions. Thus, a rocker switch 13 is pivotally mounted in it by means of two pivot pins 14. With these pivots 14, the rocker switch 13 is inserted into two grooves 15 so far that the pivots 14 have each skipped a locking projection 16 at the bottom of the grooves and are thus secured in the grooves 15.

Eine Blattfeder ist als Schnappfeder 20 mit ihrem einen Ende in die Schaltwippe 13 eingespannt, während sie sich mit ihrem anderen Ende in einer Kerbe eines Metallblechs 21 abstützt. Der Abstand zwischen der Lagerachse der Schaltwippe 13 und dem Metallblech 21 und die Länge der Blattfeder 20 sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß die Blattfeder gebogen sein muß und die Schaltwippe 13 nach einer Umschaltung in der jeweils erreichten Endposition hält. Mit der Schnappfeder 20 ist einstückig eine bewegliche Kontaktzunge 22 mit einer Kontaktperle 23 ausgebildet, die wechselweise mit zwei an der Grundplatte 12 gehaltenen Festkontakten 24 und 25 zusammenwirkt.A leaf spring is clamped as a snap spring 20 with one end in the rocker switch 13, while it is supported with its other end in a notch in a metal sheet 21. The distance between the bearing axis of the rocker switch 13 and the metal sheet 21 and the length of the leaf spring 20 are coordinated so that the leaf spring must be bent and the rocker switch 13 holds after switching over in the end position reached. With the snap spring 20, a movable contact tongue 22 is formed in one piece with a contact bead 23 which interacts alternately with two fixed contacts 24 and 25 held on the base plate 12.

In denselben sich von der Grundplatte erhebenden Säulen 30 und 31, die mit den Nuten 15 versehen sind, befindet sich oberhalb einer Nut 15 jeweils ein Langloch 32, dessen Längsrichtung mit der Längsrichtung der Nuten 15 übereinstimmt und das sich nach oben hin in einem mit einer Einführschräge 33 versehenen Einführschlitz 34 nach außen öffnet. Die Breite des Einführschlitzes 34 ist kleiner als die Breite des jeweiligen Langlochs 32.In the same columns 30 and 31 rising from the base plate, which are provided with the grooves 15, there is above each groove 15 an elongated hole 32, the longitudinal direction of which corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the grooves 15 and which is at the top in one with a Insertion bevel 33 provided insertion slot 34 opens outwards. The width of the insertion slot 34 is smaller than the width of the respective elongated hole 32.

Außerdem durchdringen die Langlöcher 32 die Säulen 30 und 31 auf deren gesamter Breite, so daß die beiden Säulen im Bereich der Langlöcher 32 eine wäscheklammerartige Form besitzen. Allerdings sind die beiden Länglöcher 32 nach außen zum Rahmen 11 hin jeweils durch ein in der Grundplatte 12 steckendes, diese durchdringendes und außen einen Flachstecker bildendes Metallblech 35 verschlossen.In addition, the elongated holes 32 penetrate the columns 30 and 31 over their entire width, so that the two columns in the area of the elongated holes 32 have a clothespin-like shape. However, the two elongated holes 32 are each closed to the outside towards the frame 11 by a metal sheet 35 which is inserted in the base plate 12, penetrates it and forms a flat plug on the outside.

Ein Schaltstößel 40 greift mit zwei Zapfen 41, deren Durchmesser der Breite der Langlöcher 32 entspricht, in diese ein und ist somit so gelagert, daß er in Längsrichtung der Langlöcher 32 verschoben, zugleich aber auch verschwenkt werden kann. Bei einer Verschwenkung des Schaltstößels 40 wird seine Schwenkachse durch die Achse der Zapfen 41 gebildet, so daß sie gegnüber dem Schaltstößel 40 fest ist. Zur Montage des Schaltstößels 40 werden die Zapfen 41 durch die Einführschlitze 34 in die Langlöcher 32 hineingedrückt. Dabei weiten sich die Einführschlitze 34 auf. Danach sind die Zapfen 41 und damit der Schaltstößel 40 in den Langlöchern 32 und damit an der Grundplatte 12 gesichert, da die Breite der Einführschlitze 34 kleiner ist als der Durchmesser der Zapfen 41. Der Abstand der Stirnseiten 42 der beiden Zapfen entspricht in etwa dem Abstand der einander zugewandten Seitenflächen der Metallbleche 35, so daß der Schaltstößel 40 in Richtung der Achse der Zapfen 41 nur geringes Spiel hat.A switching plunger 40 engages with two pins 41, the diameter of which corresponds to the width of the elongated holes 32, and is thus mounted such that it can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the elongated holes 32, but at the same time can also be pivoted. When the switching plunger 40 is pivoted, its pivot axis is formed by the axis of the pins 41, so that it is fixed relative to the switching plunger 40. To mount the switching plunger 40, the pins 41 are pressed into the elongated holes 32 through the insertion slots 34. The insertion slots 34 widen in the process. Thereafter, the pin 41 and thus the switching plunger 40 are secured in the elongated holes 32 and thus on the base plate 12, since the width of the insertion slots 34 is smaller than the diameter of the pin 41. The distance between the end faces 42 of the two pins corresponds approximately to the distance the mutually facing side surfaces of the metal sheets 35, so that the switching plunger 40 has little play in the direction of the axis of the pin 41.

An der dem Einführschlitz 34 gegenüberliegenden Seite öffnet sich in jedes Langloch 32 eine Bohrung 45, in die eine Schraubendruckfeder 46 eingelegt ist. Im Innern einer jeden Schraubendruckfeder 46 verläuft ein Dorn 47, der mit einer Platte 48 zwischen der Schraubendruckfeder und dem Zapfen 41 liegt. In einem in den Figuren gezeigten Ruhezustand des Schaltstößels 40 drücken die Schraubendruckfedern 46 die Zapfen 41 an das obere Ende der Langlöcher 32. In diesem Zustand haben die Dorne 47 einen Abstand vom Boden der Bohrungen 45, so daß sie eine Bewegung des Schaltstößels 40 nach unten nicht behindern.On the side opposite the insertion slot 34, a bore 45 opens into each slot 32, into which a helical compression spring 46 is inserted. A mandrel 47 runs inside each helical compression spring 46 and lies with a plate 48 between the helical compression spring and the pin 41. In an idle state of the switching plunger 40 shown in the figures, the helical compression springs 46 press the pins 41 against the upper end of the elongated holes 32. In this state, the mandrels 47 are spaced from the bottom of the bores 45 so that they move the switching plunger 40 downward do not hinder.

Der eine Drehzapfen 41 des Schaltstößels 40 erstreckt sich vom Langloch 32 aus weit nach innen, wo an ihn ein Finger 49 angeformt ist, der in eine zum Schaltstößel 40 hin offene Aufnahme 50 der Schaltwippe 13 hineinragt, die in Schwenkrichtung des Schaltstößels 40 mit zwei Anschlägen 51 versehen und deren Boden 52 leicht satteldachartig geformt ist. Neben der Aufnahme 50 besitzt die Schaltwippe 13 einen sich über die Achse der Drehzapfen 41 des Schaltstößels 40 hinaus erstreckenden, federelastischen Steg 60, der innerhalb eines Schachtes 61 - von der Schwenkachse der Schaltwippe 13 aus betrachtet - jenseits der Achse der Drehzapfen 41 am Schaltstößel 40 angreift. Wie man deutlich aus Figur 1 erkennt, verschwenkt der Steg 60 den Schaltstößel 40 jeweils so, daß dieser in einer Endlage der Schaltwippe 13 an einem Anschlag 51 der Aufnahme 50 der Schaltwippe 13 anliegt.One pivot pin 41 of the switching plunger 40 extends from the elongated hole 32 far inward, where a finger 49 is formed on it, which projects into a receptacle 50 of the rocker switch 13 which is open towards the switching plunger 40 and which has two stops in the pivoting direction of the switching plunger 40 51 provided and the bottom 52 is slightly shaped like a gable roof. In addition to the receptacle 50, the rocker switch 13 has a resilient web 60 which extends beyond the axis of the pivot pins 41 of the switch plunger 40 and which, viewed from the pivot axis of the rocker switch 13, extends beyond a shaft 61 beyond the axis of the pivot pins 41 on the switch plunger 40 attacks. As can be clearly seen from FIG. 1, the web 60 pivots the switching plunger 40 in such a way that in an end position of the switching rocker 13 it rests against a stop 51 of the receptacle 50 of the switching rocker 13.

Am Rahmen 11 des Gehäuses 10 ist eine Drucktaste 65 innerhalb einer begrenzten Strecke geradlinig verschiebbar geführt. In den Figuren nicht näher dargestellte Rückstellfedern sorgen dafür, daß die Drucktaste nach einer Betätigung wieder in die in den Figuren gezeigte Position zurückkehrt. An die Drucktaste ist ein Stift 66 angeformt, der durch eine Zwischendecke 67 des Rahmens 11 hindurch in der Ruhestellung der Drucktaste 65 und des Schaltstößels 40 bis knapp vor diesen reicht. Er kann den Schaltstößel 40 am Außenumfang des einen sich weit nach innen erstreckenden Drehzapfens 41 genau über dem Finger 49 beaufschlagen. Somit wird eine über die Drucktaste 65 eingeleitete Kraft über den Stift 66 und den Finger 49 des Schaltstößels 40 direkt ohne Kippmomente übertragen.On the frame 11 of the housing 10, a push button 65 is guided in a straight line displaceable within a limited distance. Return springs, not shown in the figures, ensure that the pushbutton returns to the position shown in the figures after actuation. A pin 66 is molded onto the pushbutton, which extends through an intermediate ceiling 67 of the frame 11 in the rest position of the pushbutton 65 and the switching plunger 40 to just before these. It can act on the switching plunger 40 on the outer circumference of the pivot pin 41, which extends far inwards, exactly above the finger 49. Thus, a force introduced via the pushbutton 65 is transmitted directly via the pin 66 and the finger 49 of the switching plunger 40 without tilting moments.

Wird ausgehend von den in den Figuren gezeigten Positionen die Drucktaste 65 niedergedrückt, so wird über den Stift 66 der Schaltstößel 40 mitgenommen. Dessen Finger 49 verbleibt am Anschlag 51 der Aufnahme 50 der Schaltwippe 13 und verschwenkt letztere - nach Figur 1 betrachtet - im Uhrzeigersinn. Die Schnappfeder 20 krümmt sich S-förmig, bis ihr Totpunkt überwunden ist, und stellt dann die Schaltwippe 13 schlagartig in die andere Endlage um. Wird dann die Drucktaste 65 losgelassen, kehrt der Schaltstößel 40 mit seinen Drehzapfen 41 an das obere Ende der Langlöcher 32 zurück und wird dabei von dem Steg 60 der Schaltwippe 13 im Uhrzeigersinn so weit verschwenkt, bis er am anderen Anschlag 51 der Aufnahme 50 der Schaltwippe 13 anliegt.If, starting from the positions shown in the figures, the pushbutton 65 is depressed, the switching plunger 40 is carried along via the pin 66. Its finger 49 remains on the stop 51 of the receptacle 50 of the rocker switch 13 and pivots the latter - viewed in FIG. 1 - clockwise. The snap spring 20 curves S-shaped until its dead center is overcome, and then suddenly switches the rocker switch 13 to the other end position. If the push button 65 is then released, the switching plunger 40 returns with its pivot pin 41 to the upper end of the elongated holes 32 back and is thereby pivoted clockwise by the web 60 of the rocker switch 13 until it rests on the other stop 51 of the receptacle 50 of the rocker switch 13.

Claims (13)

  1. An electric switch, especially for motor vehicles with a housing (10) comprising a base plate (12), with a push-button (65) which is movable preferably in linear direction with respect to the housing (10), with a switching tappet (40) which is mounted in the base plate (12) by means of at least one pivot pin and at least one elongated hole (32) and which is movable via the push-button (65) and swivellable with respect to said push-button (65) and with a switching rocker (13), which is rotatably mounted beneath the switching tappet (40) in the base plate (12), which can in turns be moved to and fro between two end positions via a push-button (65) and the switching tappet and which thereby controls a movable bridging contact, especially a snap-action spring (20) and with a spring which cooperates with the switching tappet (40) and with the switching rocker (13) and which acts beyond the swivelling axis of the switching tappet (40) - from the point of view of the swivelling axis of the switching rocker (13) - and which determines the rest position of the switching tappet (40) at least with regard to the swivelling position, characterized in that the switching tappet (40) is only provided with one finger (49) cooperating with the switching rocker (13), the spring has the form of a resilient web (60), the switching tappet (40) situated next to the finger comprises an acting device for the resilient web (60) of the switching rocker (13), the switching rocker (13) comprises between its pivot pins (14) situated next to a projection (50), which is open towards the switching tappet (40) provided with stops (51) for the finger (49) of the switching tappet (40), the resilient web (60) integrally extending the switching rocker (13), which web cooperates with the acting device at the switching tappet (40).
  2. An electric switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the acting device for the resilient web (60) of the switching rocker (13) is a gap (61), which is developed next to the finger (49) at the switching tappet (40).
  3. An electric switch according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the elongated hole (32) is situated in the base plate (12) and the pivot pin (41) at the switching tappet (40).
  4. An electric switch according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the switching tappet (40) is held on the base plate so that it cannot be lost.
  5. An electric switch according to claim 4, characterized in that the elongated hole (32) has an inserting slot (34) preferably provided with an inserting inclination (33), the width of which inserting slot is smaller than the diameter of the pivot pin (41).
  6. An electric switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elongated hole (32) projects through a wall (30, 31) of the base plate (12) in perpendicular direction to the motion plane of the switching tappet (40) and that a piece of plane metal (35) fixed into the base plate (12) or a frame of the housing closes the elongated hole (32) on the the side turned away from the switching tappet (40).
  7. An electric switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching tappet (40) acts upon the switching rocker (13) by means of a finger (49) and that the switching tappet (40) can symmetrically be acuated by the push-button (65) with respect to a plane which extends through the middle of the finger (49) and is perpendicular to the swivelling axis.
  8. An electric switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching tappet (40) can be actuated via a pin (66) of the push-button (65) preferably in the middle plane of the finger (49).
  9. An electric switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pivot pin (41) of the switching tappet (40) extends in the direction of its axis from the respective elongated hole (32) of the base plate (12) to such an extent that it can be actuated by the push-button (65).
  10. An electric switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a snap-action spring (20), which a movable contact (23) is coupled to, is supported on the switching rocker (13) and on a bearing (21) fixed to the housing.
  11. An electric switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a compression spring (46) is supported on each pivot pin (41) of the switching tappet (40).
  12. An electric switch according to claim 13, characterized in that the compression spring (46) is guided in a bore (45) of the base plate (12), which bore is located in prolongation of the elongated hole (32) and opens towards the elongated hole (32), and touches the pivot pin (41) of the switching tappet (40) inside the elongated hole (32).
  13. An electric switch according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that there is a spike (47) inside the compression spring (46), which spike is - together with a plate - between the compression spring (46) and the pivot pin (41)
EP88111768A 1987-07-25 1988-07-21 Electrical switch, especially for motor vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0301413B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3724736 1987-07-25
DE3724736A DE3724736C2 (en) 1987-07-25 1987-07-25 Electrical switches, in particular for motor vehicles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0301413A1 EP0301413A1 (en) 1989-02-01
EP0301413B1 true EP0301413B1 (en) 1993-11-10

Family

ID=6332391

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88111768A Expired - Lifetime EP0301413B1 (en) 1987-07-25 1988-07-21 Electrical switch, especially for motor vehicles

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US4916269A (en)
EP (1) EP0301413B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3724736C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2047508T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3724736A1 (en) 1989-02-02
DE3724736C2 (en) 1998-02-19
US4916269A (en) 1990-04-10
ES2047508T3 (en) 1994-03-01
EP0301413A1 (en) 1989-02-01

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