EP0024993B1 - Forest chopper - Google Patents

Forest chopper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024993B1
EP0024993B1 EP80401225A EP80401225A EP0024993B1 EP 0024993 B1 EP0024993 B1 EP 0024993B1 EP 80401225 A EP80401225 A EP 80401225A EP 80401225 A EP80401225 A EP 80401225A EP 0024993 B1 EP0024993 B1 EP 0024993B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
drum
counter
shaft
crushing mill
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80401225A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0024993A1 (en
Inventor
Marcel Luc Amédée Paulve
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to AT80401225T priority Critical patent/ATE3249T1/en
Publication of EP0024993A1 publication Critical patent/EP0024993A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0024993B1 publication Critical patent/EP0024993B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C18/186—Axially elongated knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C2018/188—Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates and essentially relates to a grinding device or grinder intended more particularly to be used for brush cutting and cleaning of wood.
  • this type of shredder uses the known principle of wood planers, that is to say the use of blades mounted tangentially to a rotating cylinder.
  • One of the problems is to fix the blades on the cylinder.
  • Certain devices provide for the fixing of the blades using longitudinal grooves. This process is however very expensive because it requires not only the grooving of the grooves of the rotating cylinder, but also the faithful reproduction of these grooves on the blades themselves.
  • Other devices such as, for example, the device described in patent DE-A No. 2353371, use stop screws placed at the bottom of the blade-holder housings provided in the rotating cylinder or on counter-blade elements permanently mounted on the rotating cylinder.
  • it follows that the exchange of the blades, either for sharpening or for a pure and simple change requires meticulous and long work, difficult to do by a forestry worker, and a prolonged stop of the drum to change a damaged blade. in use.
  • the cylinder of shredders in particular forestry shredders, rotating at a speed much higher than the power take-off of the drive members such as tractors which pull these shredders, requires a speed multiplier.
  • a speed multiplier is generally constituted by a simple transmission by trapezoidal belts.
  • this solution has a disadvantage since the rotating cylinder (the heaviest part of the crusher) is not in the axis of the lifting device of agricultural tractors on which it is likely to be installed and, for small tractors, eccentricity due to this type of transmission causes a significant imbalance.
  • the invention aims to overcome these drawbacks and proposes a crusher comprising a drum rotatably mounted around a shaft supported by the frame of the crusher and having at its periphery several longitudinal grooves, for example regularly spaced forming housing for cutting devices; an inlet duct for receiving the elements to be ground; an outlet conduit for evacuating the ground elements; a system for rotating said drum; each cutting device being constituted by a blade, a counter blade against which abuts a face of said blade, a clamping device, a device for adjusting the height of the blade relative to the associated counter blade (DE -A-2 353 371), characterized in that the clamping device and the adjusting device are supported by the counter blade, said clamping device being constituted by at least one screw partially screwed into a threaded bore of the counter blade and the free end of which presses against the adjacent longitudinal wall of the aforementioned groove to press one face of the blade against one of the longitudinal side walls of the associated groove, and said adjustment device being constituted by at at least two
  • a device for adjusting the height of the blade a device which is carried by the counter blade and consists of at least two adjustable screws on the ends of which the surface d rests. end of the blade opposite its cutting end.
  • the adjustment of the blade height adjustment screws is carried out before mounting in the associated housing of the rotating cylinder of the mill.
  • the axis of the rotating drum is aligned with the power take-off of a motor member such as a tractor which pulls the crusher.
  • the crusher 1 according to the invention comprises a rotating cylinder or drum 2 rotatably mounted on a shaft 3 itself supported in rotation by the frame or casing 4 of the crusher 1.
  • the drum 2 is provided, on its periphery, with parallel longitudinal grooves 5, for example regularly spaced from one another and four in number in the example shown. Each groove forms a housing for a cutting device 6 which will be described later.
  • Each groove 5 is offset by an angle a, in the direction of rotation of the drum 2, by relative to a groove which would be located radially with respect to the drum 2. This angle is approximately between 30 and 45 °.
  • each groove 5 is mounted a removable cutting device 6 comprising a blade 7 and a counter blade 8 which will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • a blade 7 is in the form of a rectangular beveled plate on one of its longitudinal ends to form a cutting edge.
  • the counter blade 8 is in the form of a substantially parallelepipedal block 9 extending substantially over the same length as the blade 7.
  • This counter blade has on one of its longitudinal edges a flange 6 at 90 ° s extending over the entire length of the block 9 by having a width which corresponds substantially to that of the blade 7.
  • Each counter-blade 8 carries on the one hand a device for clamping the blades 7 and a device for adjusting the height of these blades 7.
  • the clamping device consists of at least two screws 11, partly screwed into two threaded orifices 12 in the block 9 of the counter blade 8.
  • Each device for adjusting the height of the blade 7 consists of at least two screws 13 mounted respectively in two threaded orifices 14 of the flange 10 of the counter blade 8. It is important to note that the screws 13 protrude on either side of the flange 10 and also come to be screwed respectively into two threaded blind half-bores 15 machined in the adjacent longitudinal face of the block 9 of the counter blade 8 while being axially aligned with threaded holes 14.
  • the first operation consists in introducing the counter blade 8 inside the groove 5, so that the body 9 of the counter blade 8 is mounted parallel to the external longitudinal side wall 23 of the associated groove 5, by resting on the bottom of the groove 5 by its end surface extended by the rim 10 which will itself be in contact with the side wall 23.
  • a space into which the blade 7 is introduced which comes to bear by its end surface opposite its cutting edge, on the adjacent ends of the adjustment screws 13 which protrude beyond the edge 10 of the counter blade 8.
  • a guide pin 17 is fitted into the bottom of the groove 5 and is freely received by its free end in an orifice 18 provided in the flange 10 of the counter blade 8 (FIG. 3), this orifice 18 being for example provided between the two orifices 14 of the rim 10 of the counter blade 8.
  • each screw 11 is for example secured to a nut 19 provided towards the free end of the screw 11 not introduced into the associated orifice 12 of the counter blade 8.
  • This nut 19 makes it possible to screw the screw in a direction tending to make reso rtir the screw 11 from its orifice 12 so as to bring the free end of the screw 11 in pressed contact with the other longitudinal side surface 20 or an inner side surface of the groove 5.
  • the inner side surface 20 is provided a longitudinal groove 21 intended to receive the adjacent end of the fixing screws 11 so as to ensure better tightening.
  • the opposite reaction by the fixing screws 11 ensures the tightening of the counter blade 8 and consequently of the blade 7 against the external longitudinal side surface 23 of the groove 5.
  • adjustment screws 13 for the height of the blade 7 are advantageously locked in position by means, for example, of pressure screws 22 mounted perpendicularly to the adjustment screws 13 so as to come into contact with one end pressed against them.
  • Each pressure screw 22 is supported by the counter blade 8, for example being screwed into a threaded bore of the counter blade 8 and opening, at one end, into the corresponding threaded orifice 14 of the flange 10 into which the screw is screwed. associated adjustment screw 13.
  • the adjustment template 25 comprises a base 26 surmounted by a T-structure 27. Before mounting, each counter blade 8 and its associated blade 7 are mounted on the template 25 between its base 26 and one of the lateral branches of the structure in T 27. Then, the adjusting screws 13 are adjusted so that the blade 7 comes, at its cutting edge, in contact with the lower surface 28 or 29 of the lateral branches of the T structure 27. It should be noted that the lower surfaces 28 and 29 of the two branches of the T-structure 27 are not at the same height relative to the base 26, which allows two different adjustments for the blades 7. Once this adjustment has been made, the counter blade 8 which supports the adjusted adjustment screws 13 and the clamping screws 11, and the blade are mounted in the associated groove 5 of the drum 2.
  • the space delimited between the drum 2 and the frame 4 of the crusher 1 communicates on the one hand with an inlet duct 30 by which the elements to be ground, and an evacuation duct 31 for ejecting the ground products in order to send them in a truck or a trailer for example.
  • the crusher 1 also comprises a part 32 serving as a support for cutting.
  • This part 32 is located in the vicinity of the inlet duct 30 and is supported by a support 33 secured to the frame or casing 4 of the crusher. It should be noted that this plate-shaped part 32 is held on its support 33 by at least one screw 34 which is not located in the axis of symmetry of the part 32.
  • the part 32 can be mounted in two positions by simply turning the part 32 180 ° relative to its support 33. Without this arrangement, the cutting edge of the blades 7 could come into contact with this part support 32.
  • the elements to be ground are introduced through the inlet conduit 30, they fall between the support plate 32 and the drum 2 which, in its rotation will crush the elements at the level of the plate d 'support 32.
  • the PTO such as a drive shaft 35 driven in rotation by a drive member (not shown) rotates the drum 2 via a transmission 36 allowing the drum 2 to rotate faster than the shaft 35
  • a transmission 36 allowing the drum 2 to rotate faster than the shaft 35
  • the shaft 3 of rotation of the drum protrudes on either side of the latter.
  • the shaft 3 is supported in rotation by means of bearings 37, for example rolling bearings supported by the frame 4 of the casing.
  • the drum 2 is secured to the shaft 3 by means of keys 38.
  • the transmission 36 consists of a first toothed pulley 39 mounted idly, by means of a rolling bearing 40, on the shaft 3 in the vicinity of its end adjacent to the drive shaft 35.
  • the pulley 39 is made integral in rotation with the shaft 35 by means of a Cardan joint 41.
  • the pulley 39 rotates a second notched pulley 42 of smaller diameter by means of transmission belts 43.
  • This pulley 42 is integral in rotation, by a key 44, of a shaft 45 mounted parallel to the shaft 3 and supported in rotation by the casing 4 of the crusher 1.
  • the shaft 45 supports a third toothed pulley 46 which has substantially the same diameter as the toothed pulley 39.
  • the pulley 46 is fixed in rotation with the shaft 45 by means of a key 47.
  • This third pulley 46 rotates a fourth toothed pulley 48 by means of belts 49
  • This pulley 48 is mounted solid area in rotation, by a key 52, of the shaft 3 towards the end of the latter opposite the first pulley 39.
  • the pulley 48 has substantially the same diameter as the second pulley 42.
  • This transmission 36 mounted between the control shaft 35 and the drum 2 is therefore constituted, in this embodiment, by a double return which allows the shaft 35 and the drum 2 to rotate in the same direction but at speeds different by being substantially axially aligned, which makes it possible to avoid any imbalance between the tractor member (not shown) and the crusher 1.
  • two tensioning devices 50 are provided which allow the distance separating the shaft 3 supporting the drum 2 and the shaft 45 which supports the intermediate pulleys 42 and 46 to be varied.
  • the double gear can be replaced by a planetary gear 36 'mounted between the universal joint 41 and the adjacent end of the shaft 3 substantially axially aligned with the shaft 35.
  • the mill according to the invention is therefore equipped with cutting devices 6 which are easily mounted in the housings 5 of the drum, with the blades 7 already adjusted in height by means of the screws 13 carried by the counterblades 8.
  • cutting devices 6 which are easily mounted in the housings 5 of the drum, with the blades 7 already adjusted in height by means of the screws 13 carried by the counterblades 8.
  • the length of which may have varied due to work incidents (chipping or other)
  • it suffices to dismantle the blade 7 considered and its associated counter blade 8 and to carry out a new adjustment of the blade by means of the adjustment template 25. Under these conditions, the assembly and disassembly times of the blades 7 and the adjustment times are considerably reduced and the handling operations facilitated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

A crusher 1 used particularly for clearing woods or forest of undergrowth, is provided with a drum 2 and cutting devices 6 mounted into slots 5 of the drum. Said cutting devices comprise a counter-blade 8, a blade 7, tightening device for holding said cutting device in slot 5 and adjusting means for adjusting the height of the blade 7. Said adjusting means are preadjusted before the mounting of the blade 7.

Description

L'invention concerne généralement et a essentiellement pour objet un dispositif de broyage ou broyeur destiné plus particulièrement à être utilisé pour le débroussaillement et le nettoyage des bois.The invention generally relates and essentially relates to a grinding device or grinder intended more particularly to be used for brush cutting and cleaning of wood.

D'une façon générale, ce type de broyeur utilise le principe connu des raboteuses à bois, c'est-à-dire l'utilisation de lames montées tangentiellement à un cylindre tournant. La fixation des lames sur le cylindre est l'un des problèmes à résoudre. Certains dispositifs prévoient la fixation des lames à l'aide de cannelures longitudinales. Ce procédé est cependant fort coûteux car il nécessite non seulement le cannelage des rainures du cylindre tournant, mais également la reproduction fidèle de ces cannelures sur les lames elles- mêmes. D'autres dispositifs tels que par exemple le dispositif décrit dans le brevet DE-A n° 2353371, utilisent des vis de butée placées au fond des logements porte-lames prévus dans le cylindre tournant ou sur des éléments formant contre-lame montés en permanence sur le cylindre tournant. Il en résulte cependant que l'échange des lames, soit pour l'affûtage, soit pour un changement pur et simple, nécessite un travail minutieux et long, difficilement réalisable par un ouvrier forestier, et un arrêt prolongé du tambour pour changer une lame détériorée en cours d'utilisation.In general, this type of shredder uses the known principle of wood planers, that is to say the use of blades mounted tangentially to a rotating cylinder. One of the problems is to fix the blades on the cylinder. Certain devices provide for the fixing of the blades using longitudinal grooves. This process is however very expensive because it requires not only the grooving of the grooves of the rotating cylinder, but also the faithful reproduction of these grooves on the blades themselves. Other devices such as, for example, the device described in patent DE-A No. 2353371, use stop screws placed at the bottom of the blade-holder housings provided in the rotating cylinder or on counter-blade elements permanently mounted on the rotating cylinder. However, it follows that the exchange of the blades, either for sharpening or for a pure and simple change, requires meticulous and long work, difficult to do by a forestry worker, and a prolonged stop of the drum to change a damaged blade. in use.

Il est à noter également que le cylindre des broyeurs notamment forestiers tournant à une vitesse beaucoup plus élevée que la prise de force des organes moteurs tels que des tracteurs qui tirent ces broyeurs, nécessite un multiplicateur de vitesse. Un tel multiplicateur est généralement constitué par une simple transmission par courroies trapézoïdales. Toutefois, cette solution présente un inconvénient étant donné que le cylindre tournant (partie la plus lourde du broyeur) n'est pas dans l'axe du dispositif de levage des tracteurs agricoles sur lequel il est susceptible d'être installé et, pour des petits tracteurs, l'excentration due à ce type de transmission provoque un important déséquilibre.It should also be noted that the cylinder of shredders, in particular forestry shredders, rotating at a speed much higher than the power take-off of the drive members such as tractors which pull these shredders, requires a speed multiplier. Such a multiplier is generally constituted by a simple transmission by trapezoidal belts. However, this solution has a disadvantage since the rotating cylinder (the heaviest part of the crusher) is not in the axis of the lifting device of agricultural tractors on which it is likely to be installed and, for small tractors, eccentricity due to this type of transmission causes a significant imbalance.

L'invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients et propose un broyeur comprenant un tambour monté rotatif autour d'un arbre supporté par le bâti du broyeur et possédant à sa périphérie plusieurs rainures longitudinales par exemple régulièrement espacées formant logements pour des dispositifs de coupe ; un conduit d'entrée pour recevoir les éléments à broyer ; un conduit de sortie pour évacuer les éléments broyés ; un système d'entraînement en rotation dudit tambour ; chaque dispositif de coupe étant constitué par une lame, une contre-lame contre laquelle vient en appui une face de ladite lame, un dispositif de serrage, un dispositif de réglage de la hauteur de la lame par rapport à la contre-lame associée (DE-A-2 353 371), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de serrage et le dispositif de réglage sont supportés par la contre-lame, ledit dispositif de serrage étant constitué par au moins une vis en partie vissée dans un alésage fileté de la contre-lame et dont l'extrémité libre vient en appui pressée contre la paroi longitudinale adjacente de la rainure précitée pour presser une face de la lame contre l'une des parois latérales longitudinales de la rainure associée, et ledit dispositif de réglage étant constitué par au moins deux vis qui traversent respectivement un rebord de ladite contre-lame et sur les extrémités desquelles vient reposer la lame associée au niveau de sa surface d'extrémité opposée à sa surface d'extrémité de coupe.The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks and proposes a crusher comprising a drum rotatably mounted around a shaft supported by the frame of the crusher and having at its periphery several longitudinal grooves, for example regularly spaced forming housing for cutting devices; an inlet duct for receiving the elements to be ground; an outlet conduit for evacuating the ground elements; a system for rotating said drum; each cutting device being constituted by a blade, a counter blade against which abuts a face of said blade, a clamping device, a device for adjusting the height of the blade relative to the associated counter blade (DE -A-2 353 371), characterized in that the clamping device and the adjusting device are supported by the counter blade, said clamping device being constituted by at least one screw partially screwed into a threaded bore of the counter blade and the free end of which presses against the adjacent longitudinal wall of the aforementioned groove to press one face of the blade against one of the longitudinal side walls of the associated groove, and said adjustment device being constituted by at at least two screws which respectively pass through a rim of said counter blade and on the ends of which the associated blade rests at its end surface opposite its cutting end surface.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, il est prévu un dispositif de réglage de la hauteur de la lame, dispositif qui est porté par la contre-lame et constitué d'au moins deux vis réglables sur les extrémités desquelles vient reposer la surface d'extrémité de la lame opposée à son extrémité de coupe.According to another characteristic of the invention, there is provided a device for adjusting the height of the blade, a device which is carried by the counter blade and consists of at least two adjustable screws on the ends of which the surface d rests. end of the blade opposite its cutting end.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le réglage des vis de réglage de la hauteur de la lame s'effectue avant montage dans le logement associé du cylindre tournant du broyeur.According to another characteristic of the invention, the adjustment of the blade height adjustment screws is carried out before mounting in the associated housing of the rotating cylinder of the mill.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'axe du tambour tournant est aligné avec la prise de force d'un organe moteur tel qu'un tracteur qui tire le broyeur.According to another characteristic of the invention, the axis of the rotating drum is aligned with the power take-off of a motor member such as a tractor which pulls the crusher.

D'autres caractéristiques, avantages et détails apparaîtront plus clairement à l'aide de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple et dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en coupe suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du cylindre tournant du broyeur conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue agrandie du détail de la figure 1 indiqué par la flèche II, pour illustrer un dispositif de coupe du broyeur et son montage.
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne III-III de la figure 2 avec arrachements partiels.
  • La figure 4 est une vue en coupe en élévation d'un gabarit de réglage permettant de régler la hauteur des lames du broyeur ; et
  • La figure 5 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne V-V de la figure 1 pour illustrer le système d'entraînement du cylindre tournant du broyeur.
Other characteristics, advantages and details will appear more clearly with the aid of the explanatory description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings given solely by way of example and in which:
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotating cylinder of the mill according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the detail of Figure 1 indicated by arrow II, to illustrate a device for cutting the mill and its mounting.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2 with partial cutaway.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional elevational view of an adjustment template for adjusting the height of the blades of the mill; and
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view along line VV of Figure 1 to illustrate the drive system of the rotating cylinder of the mill.

En se référant aux figures et notamment à la figure 1, le broyeur 1 conforme à l'invention comprend un cylindre tournant ou tambour 2 monté rotatif sur un arbre 3 supporté lui-même en rotation par le bâti ou carter 4 du broyeur 1.Referring to the figures and in particular to FIG. 1, the crusher 1 according to the invention comprises a rotating cylinder or drum 2 rotatably mounted on a shaft 3 itself supported in rotation by the frame or casing 4 of the crusher 1.

Le tambour 2 est pourvu, sur sa périphérie, de rainures longitudinales parallèles 5, par exemple régulièrement espacées les unes des autres et au nombre de quatre dans l'exemple représenté. Chaque rainure forme un logement pour un dispositif de coupe 6 qui sera décrit plus loin. Chaque rainure 5 est décalée d'un angle a, dans la direction de rotation du tambour 2, par rapport à une rainure qui serait située radialement par rapport au tambour 2. Cet angle est compris approximativement entre 30 et 45°.The drum 2 is provided, on its periphery, with parallel longitudinal grooves 5, for example regularly spaced from one another and four in number in the example shown. Each groove forms a housing for a cutting device 6 which will be described later. Each groove 5 is offset by an angle a, in the direction of rotation of the drum 2, by relative to a groove which would be located radially with respect to the drum 2. This angle is approximately between 30 and 45 °.

Dans chaque rainure 5 est monté un dispositif de coupe amovible 6 comprenant une lame 7 et une contre-lame 8 qui vont être décrites plus en détail en référence aux figures 2 à 4.In each groove 5 is mounted a removable cutting device 6 comprising a blade 7 and a counter blade 8 which will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.

Une lame 7 se présente sous la forme d'une plaque de forme rectangle biseautée sur l'une de ses extrémités longitudinales pour former une arête de coupe.A blade 7 is in the form of a rectangular beveled plate on one of its longitudinal ends to form a cutting edge.

La contre-lame 8 se présente sous la forme d'un bloc sensiblement parallélépipédique 9 s'étendant sensiblément sur la même longueur que la lame 7. Cette contre-lame possède sur l'un de ses bords longitudinaux un rebord 6 à 90° s'étendant sur toute la longueur du bloc 9 en ayant une largeur qui correspond sensiblement à celle de la lame 7.The counter blade 8 is in the form of a substantially parallelepipedal block 9 extending substantially over the same length as the blade 7. This counter blade has on one of its longitudinal edges a flange 6 at 90 ° s extending over the entire length of the block 9 by having a width which corresponds substantially to that of the blade 7.

Chaque contre-lame 8 porte d'une part un dispositif de serrage des lames 7 et un dispositif de réglage de la hauteur de ces lames 7. Le dispositif de serrage est constitué par au moins deux vis 11, vissées en partie dans deux orifices filetés 12 dans le bloc 9 de la contre-lame 8. Chaque dispositif de réglage de la hauteur de la lame 7 est constitué par au moins deux vis 13 montées respectivement dans deux orifices filetés 14 du rebord 10 de la contre-lame 8. Il est important de noter que les vis 13 font saillie de part et d'autre du rebord 10 et viennent également se visser respectivement dans deux demi- alésages borgnes filetés 15 usinés dans la face longitudinale adjacente du bloc 9 de la contre-lame 8 en étant axialement alignés avec les orifices filetés 14.Each counter-blade 8 carries on the one hand a device for clamping the blades 7 and a device for adjusting the height of these blades 7. The clamping device consists of at least two screws 11, partly screwed into two threaded orifices 12 in the block 9 of the counter blade 8. Each device for adjusting the height of the blade 7 consists of at least two screws 13 mounted respectively in two threaded orifices 14 of the flange 10 of the counter blade 8. It is important to note that the screws 13 protrude on either side of the flange 10 and also come to be screwed respectively into two threaded blind half-bores 15 machined in the adjacent longitudinal face of the block 9 of the counter blade 8 while being axially aligned with threaded holes 14.

Le montage d'un dispositif de coupe 6 dans la rainure 5 associée du tambour 2 s'effectue de la façon suivante.The mounting of a cutting device 6 in the associated groove 5 of the drum 2 is carried out as follows.

La première opération consiste à introduire la contre-lame 8 à l'intérieur de la rainure 5, de façon à ce que le corps 9 de la contre-lame 8 soit monté parallèlement à la paroi latérale longitudinale extérieure 23 de la rainure 5 associée, en prenant appui sur le fond de la rainure 5 par sa surface d'extrémité prolongée par le rebord 10 qui va se trouver lui-même en contact avec la paroi latérale 23. Ainsi, on délimite entre les parois adjacentes de la rainure 5 et du corps 9 de la contre-lame 8, un espace dans lequel est introduit la lame 7 qui vient prendre appui, par sa surface d'extrémité opposée à son arête de coupe, sur les extrémités adjacentes des vis de réglage 13 qui font saillie au-delà du rebord 10 de la contre-lame 8.The first operation consists in introducing the counter blade 8 inside the groove 5, so that the body 9 of the counter blade 8 is mounted parallel to the external longitudinal side wall 23 of the associated groove 5, by resting on the bottom of the groove 5 by its end surface extended by the rim 10 which will itself be in contact with the side wall 23. Thus, between the adjacent walls of the groove 5 and the body 9 of the counter blade 8, a space into which the blade 7 is introduced which comes to bear, by its end surface opposite its cutting edge, on the adjacent ends of the adjustment screws 13 which protrude beyond the edge 10 of the counter blade 8.

Il est à noter que dans le fond de la rainure 5 sont prévus deux orifices 16 qui reçoivent les parties des vis 13 faisant saillie au-delà du rebord 10 de la contre-lame 8 et qui ne coopèrent pas directement avec la lame 7. Pour faciliter ce montage, un pion de guidage 17 est emmanché dans le fond de la rainure 5 et est reçu librement par son extrémité libre dans un orifice 18 prévu dans le rebord 10 de la contre-lame 8 (figure 3), cet orifice 18 étant par exemple prévu entre les deux orifices 14 du rebord 10 de la contre-lame 8. Une fois la lame positionnée, il faut la fixer ou plus exactement la presser contre la paroi latérale longitudinale extérieure 23 de la rainure 5. Pour cela, il suffit de manipuler les vis de fixation 11. Pour faciliter cette fixation, chaque vis 11 est par exemple solidaire d'un écrou 19 prévu vers l'extrémité libre de la vis 11 non introduite dans l'orifice associé 12 de la contre-lame 8. Cet écrou 19 permet de visser la vis dans un sens tendant à faire ressortir la vis 11 de son orifice 12 de façon à amener l'extrémité libre de la vis 11 en contact pressé avec l'autre surface latérale longitudinale 20 ou une surface latérale intérieure de la rainure 5. Avantageusement, la surface latérale intérieure 20 est pourvue d'une rainure longitudinale 21 destinée à recevoir l'extrémité adjacente des vis de fixation 11 de façon à assurer un meilleur serrage. La réaction opposée par les vis de fixation 11 assure le serrage de la contre-lame 8 et par conséquent de la lame 7 contre la surface latérale longitudinale extérieure 23 de la rainure 5.It should be noted that in the bottom of the groove 5 are provided two orifices 16 which receive the parts of the screws 13 projecting beyond the rim 10 of the counter blade 8 and which do not cooperate directly with the blade 7. For facilitate this mounting, a guide pin 17 is fitted into the bottom of the groove 5 and is freely received by its free end in an orifice 18 provided in the flange 10 of the counter blade 8 (FIG. 3), this orifice 18 being for example provided between the two orifices 14 of the rim 10 of the counter blade 8. Once the blade is positioned, it must be fixed or more exactly press it against the external longitudinal side wall 23 of the groove 5. For this, it suffices to manipulate the fixing screws 11. To facilitate this fixing, each screw 11 is for example secured to a nut 19 provided towards the free end of the screw 11 not introduced into the associated orifice 12 of the counter blade 8. This nut 19 makes it possible to screw the screw in a direction tending to make reso rtir the screw 11 from its orifice 12 so as to bring the free end of the screw 11 in pressed contact with the other longitudinal side surface 20 or an inner side surface of the groove 5. Advantageously, the inner side surface 20 is provided a longitudinal groove 21 intended to receive the adjacent end of the fixing screws 11 so as to ensure better tightening. The opposite reaction by the fixing screws 11 ensures the tightening of the counter blade 8 and consequently of the blade 7 against the external longitudinal side surface 23 of the groove 5.

Il est également à noter que les vis de réglage 13 de la hauteur de la lame 7 sont avantageusement bloquées en position par l'intermédiaire par exemple de vis de pression 22 montées perpendiculairement aux vis de réglage 13 de façon à venir par une extrémité en appui serré contre celles-ci. Chaque vis de pression 22 est supportée par la contre-lame 8 en étant par exemple vissée dans un alésage fileté de la contre-lame 8 et débouchant, par une extrémité, dans l'orifice fileté correspondant 14 du rebord 10 dans lequel est vissée la vis de réglage 13 associée.It should also be noted that the adjustment screws 13 for the height of the blade 7 are advantageously locked in position by means, for example, of pressure screws 22 mounted perpendicularly to the adjustment screws 13 so as to come into contact with one end pressed against them. Each pressure screw 22 is supported by the counter blade 8, for example being screwed into a threaded bore of the counter blade 8 and opening, at one end, into the corresponding threaded orifice 14 of the flange 10 into which the screw is screwed. associated adjustment screw 13.

Il est important de noter que lorsque chaque contre-lame 8 est montée dans sa rainure 5 associée, les vis de réglage 13 sont déjà réglées de façon à ce que, une fois la lame 7 montée, l'arête de coupe de la lame soit parfaitement positionnée par rapport au tambour. Le réglage préalable des vis 13 s'effectue par l'intermédiaire d'un gabarit 25 représenté sur la figure 4.It is important to note that when each counter blade 8 is mounted in its associated groove 5, the adjusting screws 13 are already adjusted so that, once the blade 7 is mounted, the cutting edge of the blade is perfectly positioned in relation to the drum. The prior adjustment of the screws 13 is carried out by means of a template 25 shown in FIG. 4.

Le gabarit de réglage 25 comprend un socle 26 surmonté par une structure en T 27. Avant montage, chaque contre-lame 8 et sa lame 7 associée sont montées sur le gabarit 25 entre son socle 26 et l'une des branches latérales de la structure en T 27. Ensuite, on règle les vis de réglage 13 de façon à ce que la lame 7 vienne, au niveau de son arête de coupe, en contact avec la surface inférieure 28 ou 29 des branches latérales de la structure en T 27. Il est à noter que les surfaces inférieures 28 et 29 des deux branches de la structure en T 27 ne sont pas à la même hauteur par rapport au socle 26, ce qui permet deux réglages différents pour les lames 7. Une fois ce réglage effectué, la contre-lame 8 qui supporte les vis de réglage 13 réglées et les vis de serrage 11, et la lame sont montées dans la rainure 5 associée du tambour 2.The adjustment template 25 comprises a base 26 surmounted by a T-structure 27. Before mounting, each counter blade 8 and its associated blade 7 are mounted on the template 25 between its base 26 and one of the lateral branches of the structure in T 27. Then, the adjusting screws 13 are adjusted so that the blade 7 comes, at its cutting edge, in contact with the lower surface 28 or 29 of the lateral branches of the T structure 27. It should be noted that the lower surfaces 28 and 29 of the two branches of the T-structure 27 are not at the same height relative to the base 26, which allows two different adjustments for the blades 7. Once this adjustment has been made, the counter blade 8 which supports the adjusted adjustment screws 13 and the clamping screws 11, and the blade are mounted in the associated groove 5 of the drum 2.

En se reportant à nouveau à la figure 1, l'espace délimité entre le tambour 2 et le bâti 4 du broyeur 1 communique d'une part avec un conduit d'entrée 30 par lequel on introduit les éléments à broyer, et un conduit d'évacuation 31 pour éjecter les produits broyés afin de les envoyer dans un camion ou une remorque par exemple.Referring again to FIG. 1, the space delimited between the drum 2 and the frame 4 of the crusher 1 communicates on the one hand with an inlet duct 30 by which the elements to be ground, and an evacuation duct 31 for ejecting the ground products in order to send them in a truck or a trailer for example.

Le broyeur 1 conforme à l'invention comprend également une pièce 32 servant d'appui pour la coupe. Cette pièce 32 est située au voisinage du conduit d'entrée 30 et est supportée par un support 33 solidaire du bâti ou carter 4 du broyeur. Il est à noter que cette pièce 32 en forme de plaque est maintenue sur son support 33 par au moins une vis 34 qui ne se situe pas dans l'axe de symétrie de la pièce 32. En effet, suivant les deux positions de réglage offertes par le gabarit 25, la pièce 32 peut être montée suivant deux positions par simple retournement de 180° de la pièce 32 par rapport à son support 33. Sans cette disposition, l'arête de coupe des lames 7 pourrait venir en contact avec cette pièce d'appui 32. Ainsi, lorsque les éléments à broyer sont introduits par le conduit d'entrée 30, ils tombent entre la plaque d'appui 32 et le tambour 2 qui, dans sa rotation va broyer les éléments au niveau de la plaque d'appui 32.The crusher 1 according to the invention also comprises a part 32 serving as a support for cutting. This part 32 is located in the vicinity of the inlet duct 30 and is supported by a support 33 secured to the frame or casing 4 of the crusher. It should be noted that this plate-shaped part 32 is held on its support 33 by at least one screw 34 which is not located in the axis of symmetry of the part 32. In fact, according to the two adjustment positions offered by the template 25, the part 32 can be mounted in two positions by simply turning the part 32 180 ° relative to its support 33. Without this arrangement, the cutting edge of the blades 7 could come into contact with this part support 32. Thus, when the elements to be ground are introduced through the inlet conduit 30, they fall between the support plate 32 and the drum 2 which, in its rotation will crush the elements at the level of the plate d 'support 32.

En se reportant à la figure 5, il va être décrit maintenant le dispositif d'entraînement en rotation du tambour 2.Referring to FIG. 5, a description will now be given of the device for rotating the drum 2.

La prise de force telle qu'un arbre moteur 35 entraîné en rotation par un organe moteur (non représenté) entraîne en rotation le tambour 2 par l'intermédiaire d'une transmission 36 permettant au tambour 2 de tourner plus vite que l'arbre 35. Avant de décrire la transmission 36, il est à noter que l'arbre 3 de rotation du tambour fait saillie de part et d'autre de celui-ci. L'arbre 3 est supporté en rotation par l'intermédiaire de paliers 37 par exemple à roulement supportés par le bâti 4 du carter. Le tambour 2 est solidaire de l'arbre 3 par l'intermédiaire de clavettes 38.The PTO such as a drive shaft 35 driven in rotation by a drive member (not shown) rotates the drum 2 via a transmission 36 allowing the drum 2 to rotate faster than the shaft 35 Before describing the transmission 36, it should be noted that the shaft 3 of rotation of the drum protrudes on either side of the latter. The shaft 3 is supported in rotation by means of bearings 37, for example rolling bearings supported by the frame 4 of the casing. The drum 2 is secured to the shaft 3 by means of keys 38.

La transmission 36 est constituée par une première poulie crantée 39 montée folle, par l'intermédiaire d'un palier à roulement 40, sur l'arbre 3 au voisinage de son extrémité adjacente à l'arbre d'entraînement 35. La poulie 39 est rendue solidaire en rotation de l'arbre 35 par l'intermédiaire d'un joint de Cardan 41. La poulie 39 entraîne en rotation une seconde poulie crantée 42 de moindre diamètre par l'intermédiaire de courroies de transmission 43. Cette poulie 42 est solidaire en rotation, par une clavette 44, d'un arbre 45 monté parallèlement à l'arbre 3 et supporté en rotation par le carter 4 du broyeur 1. Vers son autre extrémité, l'arbre 45 supporte une troisième poulie crantée 46 qui a sensiblement le même diamètre que la poulie crantée 39. La poulie 46 est solidaire en rotation de l'arbre 45 par l'intermédiaire d'une clavette 47. Cette troisième poulie 46 entraîne en rotation une quatrième poulie crantée 48 par l'intermédiaire de courroies 49. Cette poulie 48 est montée solidaire en rotation, par une clavette 52, de l'arbre 3 vers l'extrémité de celui-ci opposée à la première poulie 39. La poulie 48 a sensiblement le même diamètre que la seconde poulie 42.The transmission 36 consists of a first toothed pulley 39 mounted idly, by means of a rolling bearing 40, on the shaft 3 in the vicinity of its end adjacent to the drive shaft 35. The pulley 39 is made integral in rotation with the shaft 35 by means of a Cardan joint 41. The pulley 39 rotates a second notched pulley 42 of smaller diameter by means of transmission belts 43. This pulley 42 is integral in rotation, by a key 44, of a shaft 45 mounted parallel to the shaft 3 and supported in rotation by the casing 4 of the crusher 1. Towards its other end, the shaft 45 supports a third toothed pulley 46 which has substantially the same diameter as the toothed pulley 39. The pulley 46 is fixed in rotation with the shaft 45 by means of a key 47. This third pulley 46 rotates a fourth toothed pulley 48 by means of belts 49 This pulley 48 is mounted solid area in rotation, by a key 52, of the shaft 3 towards the end of the latter opposite the first pulley 39. The pulley 48 has substantially the same diameter as the second pulley 42.

Cette transmission 36 montée entre l'arbre de commande 35 et le tambour 2 est donc constituée, dans ce mode de réalisation, par un renvoi double qui permet à l'arbre 35 et au tambour 2 de tourner dans le même sens mais à des vitesses différentes en étant sensiblement axialement alignés, ce qui permet d'éviter tout déséquilibre entre l'organe tracteur (non représenté) et le broyeur 1.This transmission 36 mounted between the control shaft 35 and the drum 2 is therefore constituted, in this embodiment, by a double return which allows the shaft 35 and the drum 2 to rotate in the same direction but at speeds different by being substantially axially aligned, which makes it possible to avoid any imbalance between the tractor member (not shown) and the crusher 1.

De façon à assurer la tension des courroies 43 (entre la première poulie 39 et la seconde 42) et les courroies 49 (entre la troisième poulie 46 et la quatrième poulie 48 d'entraînement du tambour 2), sont prévus deux dispositifs tendeurs 50 qui permettent de faire varier la distance séparant l'arbre 3 supportant le tambour 2 et l'arbre 45 qui supporte les poulies intermédiaires 42 et 46.In order to ensure the tension of the belts 43 (between the first pulley 39 and the second 42) and the belts 49 (between the third pulley 46 and the fourth pulley 48 for driving the drum 2), two tensioning devices 50 are provided which allow the distance separating the shaft 3 supporting the drum 2 and the shaft 45 which supports the intermediate pulleys 42 and 46 to be varied.

Selon un second mode de réalisation de la transmission 36 entre l'arbre moteur 35 et l'arbre 3 supportant le tambour 2, le renvoi double peut être remplacé par un train épicycloïdal 36' monté entre le joint de Cardan 41 et l'extrémité adjacente de l'arbre 3 sensiblement axialement aligné avec l'arbre 35.According to a second embodiment of the transmission 36 between the motor shaft 35 and the shaft 3 supporting the drum 2, the double gear can be replaced by a planetary gear 36 'mounted between the universal joint 41 and the adjacent end of the shaft 3 substantially axially aligned with the shaft 35.

Sur le carter 4 du moteur sont prévus plusieurs pattes de fixation 51 qui permettent d'adapter le broyeur 1 à un dispositif de relevage automatique des tracteurs par exemple.On the motor casing 4 are provided several fixing lugs 51 which make it possible to adapt the shredder 1 to an automatic lifting device for tractors for example.

Le broyeur conforme à l'invention est donc équipé de dispositifs de coupe 6 qui se montent facilement dans les logements 5 du tambour, avec les lames 7 déjà réglées en hauteur grâce aux vis 13 portées par les contre-lames 8. Pour procéder à l'affûtage des lames 7 dont la longueur a pu varier en raison d'incidents de travail (ébréchage ou autre), il suffit de démonter la lame 7 considérée et sa contre-lame 8 associée, et d'effectuer un nouveau réglage de la lame par l'intermédiaire du gabarit de réglage 25. Dans ces conditions, les temps de montage et de démontage des lames 7 et les temps de réglage sont considérablement diminués et les opérations de manutention facilitées.The mill according to the invention is therefore equipped with cutting devices 6 which are easily mounted in the housings 5 of the drum, with the blades 7 already adjusted in height by means of the screws 13 carried by the counterblades 8. To proceed with the sharpening of the blades 7, the length of which may have varied due to work incidents (chipping or other), it suffices to dismantle the blade 7 considered and its associated counter blade 8, and to carry out a new adjustment of the blade by means of the adjustment template 25. Under these conditions, the assembly and disassembly times of the blades 7 and the adjustment times are considerably reduced and the handling operations facilitated.

Claims (7)

1. Crushing mill (1) comprising a drum (2) mounted for rotation about a shaft (3) supported by the frame (4) of the crushing mill and having at its periphery several for instance regularly spaced longitudinal grooves (5) forming accommodations for cutting devices (6) ; an inlet duct (30) for receiving the elements to be crushed ; an outlet duct (31) for discharging the crushed elements ; a system (35, 36) for rotatably driving said drum (2) ; each cutting device (6) consisting of a blade (7), a counter-blade (8) against which is bearing one side of said blade, a clamping device (11, 12) and a device (13-15) for adjusting the height of the blade (7) with respect to the associated counter-blade (8), characterized in that said clamping device and said adjusting device are carried by the counter-blade (8) ; said clamping device consists of at least one screw (11) screwed in part into a threaded bore (12) of the counter-blade (8) and one free end of which is bearing in pressed relationship against the adjacent longitudinal wall (20) of said groove (5) for pressing one side of the blade (7) against the other longitudinal side wall (23) of the associated grobve (5) and said adjusting device consists of at least two screws (13) which extend respectively through a flange (10) of said counter-blade (8) and on the ends of which is resting the associated blade (8) at its end face opposite to its cutting end face.
2. Crushing mill according to claim 1, characterized in that the screws (13) of said adjusting device are adjusted before mounting said counter-blade (8) and the associated blade (7) into the corresponding groove (5) of said drum (2), this adjustment being effected on a jig (25) simulating said groove (5) of the drum (2) into which the blade (7) is to be accommodated.
3. Crushing mill according to claim 2, characterized in that said jig (25) exhibits different adjusting heights.
4. Crushing mill according to claim 1, characterized in that the free end of the clamping screw (11) is bearing in pressed relationship against the bottom of a notch (21) machined into the adjacent longitudinal side wall (20) of said groove (5).
5. Crushing mill according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that said system (35, 36) for rotatably driving the drum (2) comprises a drive shaft (35) substantially axially aligned with the drum rotary shaft (3).
6. Crushing mill according to claim 5, characterized in that said drive shaft (35) rotatably drives the shaft (3) of said drum (2) through the agency of a transmission (36) consisting of a double counter-gearing with pulleys (39, 42, 46, 48) and belts (43, 49) for giving said drum (2) a speed of rotation higher than that of said drive shaft (35).
7. Crushing mill according to claim 6, characterized in that said drive shaft (35) drivingly rotates the shaft (3) of said drum (2) through the medium of an epicyclic train (36').
EP80401225A 1979-08-30 1980-08-27 Forest chopper Expired EP0024993B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80401225T ATE3249T1 (en) 1979-08-30 1980-08-27 WOOD SHREDDER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7921797A FR2464099A1 (en) 1979-08-30 1979-08-30 FORESTIER MILLER
FR7921797 1979-08-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0024993A1 EP0024993A1 (en) 1981-03-11
EP0024993B1 true EP0024993B1 (en) 1983-05-11

Family

ID=9229222

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80401225A Expired EP0024993B1 (en) 1979-08-30 1980-08-27 Forest chopper

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US (1) US4390134A (en)
EP (1) EP0024993B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE3249T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1146516A (en)
DE (1) DE3063142D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2464099A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4024060A1 (en) * 1990-07-28 1992-02-06 Lescha Maschf Gmbh HAECKSLER

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8303099A (en) * 1983-09-07 1985-04-01 Beemd Autobedrijf DEVICE FOR SHREDDING WOOD.
EP0156934A1 (en) * 1984-04-02 1985-10-09 Fritz Vogelmann Tool for working non-metallic work pieces
FI944004A0 (en) * 1994-09-01 1994-09-01 Nummek Automatic Oy Bettkonstruktion Foer Kross
CA2319838A1 (en) 2000-09-15 2002-03-15 Louis-Philippe Nault Procedure and equipment for silvicultural brush clearing

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB119175A (en) * 1918-01-28 1918-09-26 Ralph Miller Improvements relating to Milling and like Cutting Tools.
US3059384A (en) * 1961-01-03 1962-10-23 Deere & Co Cutterhead for agricultural machines and the like
US3378053A (en) * 1966-02-23 1968-04-16 Case Co J I Cutter head for forage harvesters
US3430873A (en) * 1966-11-04 1969-03-04 Rader Pneumatics Inc Wood fractionator
DE2353371A1 (en) * 1973-10-25 1974-11-07 Jenz Masch & Fahrzeug Hans KNIFE DRUM, IN PARTICULAR FOR CHOPPING MACHINES FOR CRUSHING WASTE
FR2284274A1 (en) * 1974-09-13 1976-04-09 Deere John Cie Francaise HARVESTER-CHOPPER
US4019396A (en) * 1975-07-07 1977-04-26 Frechette Alphonse A Powered wheel system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4024060A1 (en) * 1990-07-28 1992-02-06 Lescha Maschf Gmbh HAECKSLER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2464099B1 (en) 1984-12-28
DE3063142D1 (en) 1983-06-16
CA1146516A (en) 1983-05-17
EP0024993A1 (en) 1981-03-11
FR2464099A1 (en) 1981-03-06
US4390134A (en) 1983-06-28
ATE3249T1 (en) 1983-05-15

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