Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
  • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
  • H02K29/12—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using detecting coils using the machine windings as detecting coil
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
  • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
  • H02K29/08—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-plates, magneto-resistors

Definitions

• the invention relates to a collectorless DC motor with a permanent magnetic rotor, the poles of which have a magnetization which, when viewed on the pole surface and in the direction of rotation, has a course which differs significantly from the sine function, which course is in particular approximately rectangular or approximately trapezoidal, with the rotor poles possibly being symmetrical or asymmetrical pole gaps are separated from each other.
• a brushless DC motor which delivers pulses with little effort, the frequency of which is sufficiently high and proportional to the motor speed, these pulses preferably being unaffected by the drive currents which flow in the main winding of the motor.
• this object is achieved in a motor mentioned in the introduction that a sensor winding is provided on the stator of the motor for detecting at least one harmonic of the voltage induced by the rotor poles in the stator, and that the sensor winding is designed for a number of rotor poles which is equal to that Product (2p ⁇ 1), where 2p is the actual number of rotor poles and 1 is the ordinal number of the harmonic to be detected.
• a sensor winding according to the invention is arranged with particular advantage in such a way that a transformer coupling between it and the main winding is suppressed and largely avoided. This is done by a special number of the spatial phase relationship between the main winding and the sensor winding and possibly omitting some winding steps and / or spatial phase displacement of one part of the sensor winding against the other part.
• sensor windings are possible according to the invention that are not transformer-based Have coupling with the main winding. This is achieved, for example, by the fact that the Sansor winding consists of two simple wave windings which are offset from one another by a certain angle, and in certain cases individual winding steps must also be omitted, as will be explained in detail below using examples.
• FIG. 1 shows a section through a first embodiment of an engine according to the invention
• Fig. 2 shows a section through the stator of a second motor according to the invention, as the first as
• External rotor motor is formed.
• FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram for explaining the invention
• FIG. 5 shows a variant of FIG. 3B, which shows main windings for use in the sheet metal section shown in FIG. 2, which windings can also be used with advantage independently of the sensor winding,
• Fig. 6 is a plan view of the stator winding of a four-pole motor with a flat air gap and a suitable sensor winding for coupling the second harmonic
• Fi g. 7 shows an alternative embodiment to the sensor winding according to FIG. 6, which are particularly suitable for flat motors that have an axial stray field,
• FIG. 8 shows a second alternative to the sensor winding according to FIG. 6, which is also particularly suitable for flat motors which have an axial stray field
• FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the developed magnetization of a rotor for a cylindrical air gap shown in FIG. 3A,
• 10 B shows the course of the induced in the conductor L according to FIG. 9 with a complete rotor revolution
• FIG. 11 shows a sensor winding for decoupling the fourth harmonic in the motor shown in FIG. 6,
• FIG. 12 shows a variant of FIG. 11, also for decoupling the fourth upper source
• FIG. 13 shows a sensor winding for decoupling the 15th harmonic in the motor shown in FIG. 6, on a somewhat reduced scale
• 14 A - 14 D are an illustration for explaining the structure of a sensor winding. for decoupling the second harmonic (FIG. 14 C) or the fourth harmonic (FIG. 14 D) in an external rotor which uses the sheet metal section shown in FIG. 2 and the type of stator winding shown in FIG. 5,
• 16 A - 16 E a variant with a four-pole, three-strand, three-pulse collector-free DC motor, which is also designed as an external rotor motor and whose stator has a sheet metal cut with 24 evenly distributed slots 1 '- 24' into which the three strands of the stator winding and a sensor winding (FIG. 16 D) for decoupling the third harmonic are wound in,
• 17 A - 17 E a variant with a two-pole, three-strand, three-pulse collectorless
• DC motor which is also designed as an external rotor motor and whose stator laminated core has 6 uniformly distributed pronounced T poles and 6 auxiliary slots B, D, F, H, K and M for receiving a sensor winding (Fig. 17 D) for decoupling the 3rd harmonic,
• Fig. 18 A - 18 F a variant with a two-pole, two-strand, four-pulse collectorless DC motor, which is also an external rotor motor and its stator laminated core are four evenly distributed pronounced T poles. and four auxiliary slots B, D, F and H, the sensor winding (FIG. 18 F) also being designed to decouple the third harmonic and designed to avoid a transformer coupling with the two strands of the main winding in a very specific way,
• 19 A - 19 E a variant with a four-pole, single-strand, four-pulse collectorless DC motor, which is also designed here as an external rotor motor and its stator core, which is identical to that according to FIG. 16 A, the two strands of the stator winding and a sensor winding (Fig. 19 D) for decoupling the third harmonic,
• FIG. 20 E a variant with a two-pole, three-strand, three-pulse collectorless DC motor, here also an external rotor motor, the stator core package with three evenly distributed salient poles and 15 auxiliary slots for receiving a sensor winding (Fig. 20 E) for decoupling the 9th harmonic having,
• FIGS. 16, 17 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit for operating the motors according to FIGS. 16, 17 and
• Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for
• FIG. 18 or 19. 1 shows a stator laminated core 10 for an external rotor motor, the permanent-magnet external rotor, which is only indicated schematically, is designated by 11.
• the magnetization of the rotor 11 is shown in a developed form in FIGS. 3A and 9. The angles are given in Fig. 9, so that reference can be made to this.
• the monopole zone 14 is extended to the left by an extension 18 and the monopole zone 13 is extended by an extension 19 by 60 el. extended to the right, while in the other orbit 17 there is a zone 22 (north pole) next to the extension 18 and a zone 23 (south pole) next to the extension 19.
• the extension 18 and the zone 22 together form a dipole zone, likewise the extension 19 and the zone 23. Then it is repeated
• FIG. 10A shows the course of the magnetization over that in FIG. 9 rotor 11 shown, namely the course over the orbit 15, as measured by the sensor 16; this is designated B 15 ; in addition, the course over the orbit 17, which is indicated by dashed lines and designated B 17 .
• z-B induces.
• the monopole zone 14 a negative voltage 26 and the monopole zone 13 a positive voltage 27.
• the dipole zone which is formed by the extension 18 and the north pole 22, induces two identical, oppositely directed voltages, the sum of which is equal to zero, according to section 28 in FIG 10 B, and the same applies to the extension 19 and the south pole 23, which together also induce zero voltage, which corresponds to section 29 in FIG. 10B.
• This is adjoined on the right by a section 26 ′ which is identical in shape to section 26.
• the individual harmonics can be filtered out from the voltage obtained on the device 25 (FIG. 9) in the usual way, e.g. with the help of bandpass filters.
• this method is cumbersome and has the disadvantage that a control signal is only obtained when the desired speed is reached, that is to say the startup has to be accomplished in a different way.
• the harmonics are therefore decoupled so that they are available at any speed.
• the rotor 11 can also be composed of different magnets, each of which has a magnetization according to FIGS. 1oC, 1oD, 1oE etc. (the further harmonics can be in the usual Easy calculation numerically). Then you continue to think from these - fictitious - magnetizations of different types a very specific one should be recorded and evaluated for the generation of the harmonic corresponding to it.
• stator can be used for the invention and this variant will be explained with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8.
• FIGS. 6 to 8 First, however, the design of a stator made of grooved iron sheets will be explained, specifically on the stator sheet stack 10 shown in FIG. 1
• the stator laminated core 10 according to FIG. 1 has eight slots for receiving the four main windings, namely 35, 36 for a main winding 37; 38, 39 for a main winding 40; 43, 44 for a main winding 45; 46, 47 for a main winding 48.
• the two grooves of a main winding are each separated by 120 ° el., And the individual main windings are each at an angular distance of 180 ° el., Ie are evenly distributed on the circumference of the stator core 10 as shown.
• FIGS. 3A to 3C show the motor according to FIG. 1 developed. Normally one would draw these figures one above the other, but then the drawing would become practically illegible. Therefore, their three components are drawn in the correct position with each other, with the position of the stator, of course constantly changes relative to the rotor 11 during operation.
• the main windings 37 and 45 are connected in series (of course, parallel connection would also be possible), and their connections are labeled 49 and 50.
• the main windings 40 and 48 are also connected in series and their connections are designated 51 and 52.
• FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of the main windings in an associated circuit, which is controlled by a Hall generator 16, which is arranged exactly in the middle between the main windings 37 and 40 on the stator 10, cf.
• the Hall generator 15 controls two pnp transistors 54, 55 one. Differential amplifiers, which in turn serve as drivers for npn amplifier transistors 56, 57, of which the transistor 56 controls the current in the main windings 37 and 45 and the transistor 57 controls the current in the main windings 40 and 48.
• One current connection of the Hall generator 16 is connected to a plus line 59 via a npn transistor 58 serving as a variable resistor, the other via a resistor 60 to a ninus line 61.
• the emitters of 54 and 55 are connected to one another and, via one common resistor 64, connected to 59.
• the collector of 54 is connected across, a resistor 65 to 61 and directly to the base of 56.
• the collector of 55 is connected through resistor 66 to 61 and directly to the base of 57.
• the windings 37, 45 are connected by their connection 50 to the collector of 56, and by their connection 49 to the positive line 59.
• the windings 40, 48 are connected by their connection 52 to the collector 57 and by their connection 51 to the positive line 59.
• a control amplifier 63 is used, which regulates the speed in the present case e by controlling the control current flowing into the Hall generator 16.
• a sensor winding 80 is designed, which is designed to detect the second harmonic. Its structure is described below.
• the mode of operation of the circuit according to FIG. 4 is very detailed in connection with FIG. 2 of DE-OS 27 30 142, so that it can be referenced to it.
• the stator plate 10 has eight auxiliary grooves 71 to 80, which are evenly distributed on the circumference of the stator and each have an angular distance of 90 ° el. to have.
• the position of all the grooves relative to one another is shown to scale in FIGS. 3B and 3C and labeled with the same designations.
• z. B. that the auxiliary groove 71 (FIG. 3C) lies exactly in the middle between the main grooves 35 and 36, the auxiliary groove 72 lies exactly in the middle between the main grooves 36 and 38 etc., that is, the groove arrangement after Fig. 1 is constructed folding symmetrically. If you fold the two stator halves lengthways he the Symmetri eachsen, z. B. the axis 79, on each other, so corresponding grooves come each s to li egen, z. B. 35 on 36, 78 on 72, etc.
• 3C is a wave winding 80 which is looped back into itself, that is, from the terminal 83, the winding goes through the groove 77, further to the groove 76, from there to the groove 75 etc. to the groove 71 and from there back to groove 78 and groove 77. There the direction of the winding is reversed, and this now runs through the groove 78 in the opposite direction again, then the grooves 71 to 76 and is then led as close as possible to the connection 83 to the outside. If the sensor winding 80 were to end at the slot 77 (connection 84 shown in broken lines in FIG.
• the sensor winding 80 can also be guided around the stator 10 several times to increase the output voltage, e.g. two full revolutions, and then returned to the starting point by the same angle if such axial fields are to be compensated for.
• the sensor winding 80 consists of at least two magnetically active sections. It detects the second harmonic of the rotor magnetization shown in FIG. 10D and thus generates a measuring voltage of a relatively high frequency, which is twice as high as the frequency which can be extracted from the Hall generator 16, the zero crossings also having significantly more uniform intervals than the zero crossings of the Hall voltage.
• the Hall generator 16 delivers four pulses per revolution, the sensor winding 80, however, eight pulses per revolution, if the speed controller 63 (FIG. 4) is designed for evaluating the frequency (and not the amplitude) of the voltage applied to it , a very precise speed control with good long-term consistency and very low temperature dependence can be achieved.
• a speed controller is shown, for example, by DOS 26 16 044.
• Diameter of 80 mm and a height of 18 mm can be called, in which a single-wire sensor winding 80 according
• Fig. 3C had been wrapped.
• the rotor magnet 11 had one
• a particular advantage of the described kl app symmetrical arrangement of the sensor winding 80 is that the induced voltages transformed therein by the main windings cancel each other out and therefore do not interfere with the control process.
• FIG. 1 has the disadvantage that a special sheet cut is required, which is only economical with larger engine numbers.
• the invention can, however, also be implemented with commercially available blueprints, and it is shown in FIG. 2 in connection with FIGS. 3A to 3C.
• the same reference numerals are used there for identical or equivalent parts as in the previous part of the description.
• the sheet metal cut 88 is also intended for a 4-pole external rotor motor, the rotor of which corresponds exactly to that of FIG. 1, so that reference can be made to the description there.
• Windings are arranged completely i dically
• the first main winding is also designated 37 here, and both grooves in which it is wound have one
• the main winding on the side is 40, di, e. third main winding is designated 45 and the fourth main winding is designated 48. They are, as shown, evenly distributed on the circumference of the stator and of the same design as the main winding 37.
• the magnetically active sections of the sensor winding 80 are designated 80 ', are each at a distance of 90 el. From one another and each lie on the bisector between two adjacent grooves of main windings to avoid, as described, a transformer coupling to main windings and sensor windings.
• the arrangement of the sensor winding 80 is identical to the diagram according to FIG. 3C, so that reference can be made to the description of this. If one wants to wrap more copper in the sheet metal section according to FIG.
• Four grooves 89 are used for each main winding. 5, two winding sections are located in two adjacent slots 93 and 94, followed by two empty slots 95 and 96 and then below two wound slots 97 and 98.
• the larger winding step y 1 is therefore 120 el.
• the smaller winding el step y 2 is 90 el.
• the angles are explicitly indicated in FIG. 5.
• This type of winding results in a better copper fill factor, the induced voltage being rounded off somewhat and the torque generated by the motor being more favorable.
• a disadvantage of this arrangement is that the sensor winding can no longer be introduced in a precisely symmetrical manner with respect to the main windings, because in
• the sensor winding would have to lie either in slot 95 or slot 96. If the usable number is doubled in a conventional sheet metal cut, the sensor winding can naturally also be arranged symmetrically again in the winding type according to FIG. 5, because an additional groove then lies between the grooves 95 and 96, into which the relevant section of the sensor winding can be placed. The main winding is then spread over six or eight grooves, while in FIG. 5 it is distributed over only four grooves.
• this problem can also be solved without increasing the number of grooves by a further inventive consideration, and for this purpose reference is made to FIGS. 14A to 14D.
• FIG. 14A shows the 24 grooves 89 of the stator laminated core according to FIG. 2 in the usual development.
• FIG. 14B shows - in relation to the grooves 89 in FIG. 14A - the arrangement of the stator winding 92, which is identical to that in FIG. 5, which is why this arrangement is not described again.
• This arrangement results, as already explained, in a more favorable course of the torque than the arrangement according to FIG. 1, and the latter is not particularly favorable in terms of the electric motor and serves primarily to explain the basic principle of the invention.
• stator 92 In this arrangement of the stator 92, one tooth each lies in the middle of a stator pole, and these "central teeth" are the teeth 111, 112, 113 and 114 in FIG. 14A.
• the invention is now based on the idea of creating symmetry with this central tooth by the fact that on each side of this tooth there is a magnetically active winding section of the same name as the sensor winding.
• the same name means that if a direct current flows through the sensor winding, the same current direction is present on both sides of this tooth.
• the sensor winding is not coupled to the individual stator windings in a transformer-like manner in this case either.
• 14C and 14D refer to the angles given for the main poles in the same way as the preceding ones, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
• FIG. 14C shows a sensor winding 115 for decoupling the upper side.
• Coil sections which lie on both sides of a central tooth, a voltage of the same direction is induced during operation.
• Such an arrangement is electrically according to uie before in such a way symmetrical to the stator 92 that. there is no transfurmatory coupling.
• FIG. 14D shows the solution according to the invention of this problem in the form of a sensor winding 118 for the decoupling of the fourth upper source.
• This winding begins at a terminal 121 and goes from there as a wave winding to the left, alternately with winding steps of 30 and 60 el. And such that a magnetically active section is located to the left of the four center teeth 111 to 114.
• the winding direction is then reversed, and the wave winding again runs through the slots with alternating 30 ° and 60 ° steps to the right up to the terminal 122, but as shown, offset by a slot pitch, so that the magnetically active sections now to the right of the Middle teeth 111 to 114 lie.
• Coil sections of the same name of the two shaft coils therefore lie, for example, together in the slots 94 and 97, and likewise coils sections of the same name lie on both sides of the central teeth, for example, on both sides of the central tooth 111 in the grooves
• FIGS. 14C and 14D With a doubled number of stator slots, the fourth and the eighth upper yelle can be decoupled analogously to FIGS. 14C and 14D, in which case all angle steps have to be halved compared to these figures, or in other words, FIGS. 14C and 14D would have to be half Let the width shrink, whereby again the symmetry with respect to the central teeth would have to be observed in order to avoid transformer coupling. By the same principles, sensor developments for other numbers of grooves and other overlaps can naturally also be built up. The position of the galvanomagnetic sensor 16 between two main windings is also shown in FIGS. 5 and 14B.
• the connections of the four coils are analogous to FIG. 4 with 49, 50 bzu. 51, 52 designated.
• the circuit corresponds to that according to FIG. 4. 6 to 8 show sensor windings for decoupling the upper side.
• the magnetically active sections 105 of the sensor winding the latter being designated here by 106 (this number is therefore given in brackets in FIG. 4), each run on the bisector between the four main windings 101 to 104 and on their central axes.
• a wave or meander winding is thus obtained, the connections of which are designated 107 and 108 in FIG. 6.
• the meander can of course be run through several times to increase the tension. It is important that the magnetically active
• Sections 112 extend over the entire width of the rotor magnet, uel che in Fig. 6 is indicated by dash-dotted lines 109. -
• Sections 105 are each at a distance of 90 ° el. From each other so that they only cover the upper side.
• the sensor winding 106 is not coupled to the main windings 101 to 104 in a transformer.
• the voltages cancel each other out, which are induced in the sensor winding in question by the stray flux running in the wave direction.
• the return 11o can also lie within the meander winding. 6 to 8, the sensor windings in the form of a printed circuit can be printed on a thin film and mounted in this form on the stator in the correct position, that is to say decoupled from the transformer.
• Fig. 11 the sensor winding is designated 124 and its terminals are designated 125, 126.
• the structure corresponds completely to that of Fig. 7, i.e. the wave winding is looped back to the exit in the same way.
• Fig. 12 the sensor winding with 127 and their connections are designated 128 and 129.
• the structure corresponds completely to that according to Fig. 8, i.e. here a return 130 is returned around the entire shaft 100.
• a dash-dotted reference line 133 is drawn in there and in FIGS. 11-13, which in all four figures runs through a magnetically active section of the sensor winding in question and the bisector of the stator windings
• a return loop 136 also wraps around the shaft (not shown) in order to largely compensate for axial stray fluxes.
• the connections of the winding 135 are designated 137 and 138. 15, however, the decoupling of the 15th upper source is less advantageous than, for example, the decoupling of the 11th or 14th upper source. which both have much larger amplitudes.
• Such a decoupling can be achieved very easily by an appropriate choice of the angle between the magnetically active sections.
• the angle between 2 magnetically active sections should be, for example, 180 ° el.: 11.
• FIG. 15 shows, as already explained, the frequency spectrum of the voltage shown in FIG. 10B, whose amplitude û is set to 100%. It can be seen that the
• the basic source of this voltage has an amplitude of approximately 87.8% of û, the second harmonic is approximately half the magnitude of û, the fifth harmonic approximately 1/5 and the eighth harmonic approximately 1/8 of û.
• the third, sixth, ninth etc. harmonics are practically zero.
• Figure 15 applies to tension with steep flanks. If the flanks are less steep, the harmonics have only very small amplitudes from the fifth harmonic.
• the order number of the harmonics that can still be used if one is aiming for a sensor winding with a number of turns that is not too thin.
• the sensor windings acc. Figures 11, 12 or 13 are suitable because of their compensation of stray fields - whether they come from the motor or from the device - for use in connection with particularly sensitive, fast control circuits (e.g. phase regulators, so-called PLLs) Circuits that usually work with a quartz standard).
• Such sensor windings cause practically no enlargement of the motor and therefore result in very compact motors.
• the invention can be applied in the same way to all motors whose rotor magnetic field deviates considerably from the sinusoidal shape and can therefore, as indicated in FIGS. 10 C to 10 E, be broken down into spatial harmonic fields of different frequency and amplitude. This is explained below using additional exemplary embodiments.
• the number of poles always refers to the number of poles 2p of the rotor e.g.
• the motors according to FIGS. 16 and 19 have four poles, and those according to FIGS. 17, 18 and 20 have two poles.
• the invention is of course also suitable for higher numbers of poles, but the distance between the magnetically active sections of the sensor winding becomes smaller and smaller with increasing number of poles.
• the number of phases relates to the number of separate windings of the stator and could also be referred to as the number of phases.
• FIGS. 16, 17, 20 and 21 show three-stranded motors, since the stater angle has three separate strands each, and FIGS. 1B, 19 and 22 show two-stranded motors.
• the pulse rate indicates how many current pulses are supplied to the stator winding per rotor rotation of 360 el.
• FIG. 16 shows a three-pulse motor, likewise FIGS. 17 and 20.
• FIG. 18 the circuit according to FIG a rotation of 360 o el., here a full rotor rotation, each of the two stator windings is supplied with two current pulses, ie a total of four current pulses, ie the motor is four-pulse; 19 is also four-pulse.
• Both three and four-pulse motors generate an electromagnetic drive torque in all rotor positions, i.e. Such motors can start from any rotational position. The higher the pulsation, the lower the fluctuations in the torque delivered by the motor.
• the magnetization of the rotor in FIGS. 16 to 19 always has approximately the same shape as that shown in FIG. 18B by way of example, that is to say etua trapezoidal.
• the magnetization (Fig. 20 B) of the rotor (Fig. 20 C) is approximately rectangular, that is, it has very steep flanks.
• the outer rotor is constructed identically to the outer rotor 11 of FIG. 1.
• the rotor magnet is shown in FIGS. 16 B, 17 B, 18 C, 19 B and 20 C, in development.
• the grooves of the sheet metal cut are numbered, for example in FIG. 16 A from 1 'to 24', and these grooves are then shown again, for example between FIGS. 16 C and 16 D, and in relation to the unwound Windings, so that you can see exactly which windings are in which slot and how these windings are switched.
• the illustration of the shape and form of the individual windings is so perfect that any specialist can work on it.
• the representation of the windings in the sheet metal section indicates the current direction in the usual way: point means that the current flows out of the Zefchen plain, and cross means that it flows into it flows. This refers to the current arrows set arbitrarily in the transactions. (Of course an alternating current flows in the sensor winding during operation and no direct current!).
• the Hall generators or other sensors are each shown in their position on the sheet metal cut and in the handling. Their designation corresponds to that in Fig. 21 and 22 respectively.
• Fig. 16 the same sheet cut 88 is used as in Fig. 2, i.e. 24 grooves 89 are provided, which are denoted continuously by 1 'to 24'.
• a long-pitched (short-pitch) three-strand main winding 130 is provided, the three strands of which are designated 131, 132 and 133.
• the three Hall generators that control these strings are arranged as follows:
• Hall generator 34 between slots 6 'and 7' controls strand 131
• Hall generator 135 between slots 10 'and 11' controls strand 132
• Hall generator 136 between slots 14 'and 15' controls strand 133.
• the phase position relative to the main winding 130 is selected such that there is no transformer coupling with the main winding: the main winding 131 begins in the groove 1 ', the main winding 132 in the groove 3', and the Main winding 133 in the groove 5 '.
• Sensor winding 137 goes from connection 138 to slot 2 ', then back through slot 3', then through slots 5 ', 7', 9 ', ... 23' to slot 1 'and from there back to slot 24' and then 22 ', 20', ... 6 ', 4' to connection 140.
• FIG. 17 shows a solution that is suitable for this case, the sensor winding (FIG. 17 D) also serving there to decouple the third harmonic.
• the sheet metal cut 145 according to FIG. 17 A has six symmetrically distributed pronounced T poles 146 with a concentrated, unsuspected three-strand main winding 147, the three strands of which are designated 148, 149 and 150.
• the individual strands are wound in diameter, in the main grooves A, C, E, G, 3, and L.
• the shape of the one in operation in the isffisor winding 153 Voltage results from Fig. 17 E.
• the three Hall generators (or other equivalent
• Hall generator 34 on slot A controls strand 148.
• Hall generator 135 on groove E controls strand 150
• Hall generator 136 on groove 3 controls strand 149.
• FIGS. 18 and 19 show diss.
• FIG. 18 shows a two-pole, two-strand motor with an unsighted (full-pitch) main winding 159
• FIG. 18 E which is accommodated in a sheet cut 160 with four symmetrical, pronounced T poles 161, in the four main slots A, C, E and G.
• the two strands of the main winding 159 are 162 and 163 marked and wound in diameter, like that in
• Fig. 18 A is indicated. Furthermore, two Hall generators 164, 165 are provided, which are offset by 90 ° el. Relative to one another, one of which lies on the groove C and controls the strand 163, while the other lies on the groove E and controls the strand 162.
• auxiliary slots B, D, F and H are provided for receiving the sensor winding 166. If one starts from groove A clockwise, B is distant from A 60 ° and D from A 120 °. If one proceeds from the groove A counterclockwise, H is distant from A 60 ° and F from A 120 °, as FIG. 18 A clearly shows.
• the sensor winding 166 Starting from a connection 167, the sensor winding 166 first runs through the slot A, then the slots B, D, F, H and back to the slot A. There, the winding direction reverses back to the slot H, and further to the slots D and B. and to the second connection 168.
• the winding step is therefore 180 ° el.: 1, i.e. 60 ° el., but two winding steps are omitted in the middle of the development, namely two winding steps per pole pair p in order to avoid a transformer coupling between main winding 159 and sensor winding 166.
• the associated circuit for four-pulse operation is shown in Fig. 22.
• the shape of the tach voltage u T at the sensor winding 166 is shown in FIG. 19E. This voltage fluctuates according to the fundamental wave of the magnetization of the rotor magnet, but the distances between the zero crossings are relatively uniform and can therefore be used for control purposes.
• a specific sensor winding for decoupling the third conductor can also be specified for this, in the case of spatial Phase shift of one part of the sensor winding by 30 ° el. (In relation to the pole pitch of the rotor magnet) against the other part and by additionally omitting certain winding steps, the transformer coupling relative to basic strands of the main winding is canceled.
• Such a motor is shown in FIG. 19.
• the sheet metal cut 88 has 24 grooves 89 which, as in FIG. 16, are denoted by 1 'to 24'.
• the Hall generator 164 lies between the grooves 12 'and 13' and controls the strand 172, while the Hall generator 165 between the grooves 15 'and 16' lies and controls the strand 173.
• the main winding 171 results from FIGS. 19 A and 19 C in a clear manner.
• the main winding 171 is longed 5/6.
• 19 D shows the course of the sensor winding 175. Starting from a connection 176, it runs through the slots 4 ', 7', 9 ', 11', 16 ', 19', 21 'to the slot 23', and from there again back through the slots 21 ', 18', 16 ', 14', 9 ', 6', 4 'and 1' to the other connection 177.
• the sensor winding 175 is also symmetrical about the fold and, like this, leaves two Winding steps out.
• 19 E shows the shape of the voltage u T on the sensor winding 175.
• this voltage contains a small proportion of the basic source of the rotor magnet.
• the arrangement according to FIG. 20 serves to record the ninth upper source in a rotor magnet (FIG. 20 C) which is magnetized in a rectangular manner, as shown in FIG. 20 B (this FIG. Shows the induction curve in the direction of rotation measured over the rotor circumference)
• the sensor winding 185 must have a winding step size which corresponds to a ninth of the step width of the main winding 186, that is to say only 20 ° el. In the case of a small or very small motor, you can generally do this do not use the required number of slots of 9 ⁇ 2p for the main winding, so that, according to the invention, a stator arrangement with pronounced poles 187 and concentrated main winding 186 is more suitable for this.
• the winding 186 is longed here and lies in three main slots A, G and N.
• the three strands of the main winding 186 are labeled 188, 189 and 190.
• the Hall generators 134 to 36 are arranged as follows: The Hall generator 134 lies between the grooves H and J and controls the strand 188.
• the Hall generator 135 lies between the grooves 0 and P and controls the strand 189.
• the Hall generator 136 lies between the grooves B and C and controls the strand 190. This is shown symbolically in FIG. 20D.
• the sensor winding 185 is designed as a wave winding. It goes from connection 193 to groove A and from there further through all grooves B, C etc. to groove A, ends there and goes back via all grooves S, R, Q etc. to groove B and to the other connection 194 From the comparison of FIG. 20 D with FIG. 20 E one can see without further ado that here too there is no coupling of the sensor winding 185 with the main winding 186, i. H . a frequency is obtained at the outputs 193, 194 which is 9 times greater than the frequency which can be taken from the Hall generators 134 to 136 and therefore enables very good speed control.
• FIG. 21 schematically shows the permanent magnetic rotor 195 of a three-pulse motor, the three stator winding phases of which are connected in a star and denote S 1 to S 3 net and are connected to a positive voltage U B with the star point 196.
• Three npn transistors 197, 198, 199 are provided for supplying these three strands, each of which is connected with its collector to the assigned strand and with its emitter to the negative line 200, ie to ground.
• the Hall generator 134 controls the transistor 197, the Hall generator 135 the transistor 198, and the. Hall generator 136 the transistor 199.
• This control is shown only very schematically: In the normal case, the control takes place via driver transistors. For example, in Fig.
• 16 strands S 1 to S 3 would correspond to strands 131 to 133, in Fig. 17 strands 148 to 150, and in Fig. 20 strands 188 to 190.
• each revolution of rotor 195 of 360 ° el each of the three strands S 1 to S 3 receives a current pulse, that is to say a total of three pulses, ie the operation is three-pulse, and a torque is continuously generated because the current pulses overlap one another.
• FIG. 22 schematically shows the rotor 203 of a four-pulse motor, the two strands of which are designated S 4 and S 5 and are connected to ground (0 volt) with their star point 204.
• the other connection of the strand S 4 is connected to the emitter of an npn transistor 205 and the collector of an npn transistor 207.
• the other connection of strand S 5 is connected to the emitter of an npn transistor 207 and the collector of an npn transistor 208.
• the collectors of transistors 205 and 207 are connected to a positive voltage + U B , the emitters of transistors 206 and 208 to a negative voltage -U B.
• transistor 205 conducts, a current flows through S 4 in one direction, and if transistor 206 conducts, a current flows through S 4 in the other direction.
• S 5 and S because of the symmetry of the circuit the two transistors 207 and 208.
• a control device 210 is used to control the transistors 205 to 208, the rotor position signals from the Hall generators 164 and 165 are supplied. Transistors 205, 207, 206 and 208 are successively energized, so that a rotating field is created which drives rotor 203.
• strands S 4 and S 5 correspond to strands 162 and 163, in FIG. 19 strands 172 and 173.
• the present invention thus enables very simple means to obtain a measuring voltage with a high frequency in relation to the speed of the motor and a fairly uniform period, as is particularly required for speed control using a frequency as a measure of the speed.
• the sensor winding that is preferably used acts like a high-pass filter and should therefore preferably extend over 360 ° el. Or an integer multiple thereof in order to avoid division errors, e.g. through an uneven division of the grooves or an uneven magnetization of the rotor, to keep them as small as possible and to obtain a very uniform period; In the case of flat motors, precautions should preferably be taken to eliminate interference from stray axial fields.

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• 1979
  • 1979-01-17 DE DE19792901676 patent/DE2901676A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1980
  • 1980-01-16 JP JP50039480A patent/JPS56500077A/ja active Pending
  • 1980-01-16 DE DE80EP8000001T patent/DE3011241D2/de not_active Expired
  • 1980-01-16 US US06/481,268 patent/US4481440A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1980-01-16 GB GB8029156A patent/GB2051498B/en not_active Expired
  • 1980-01-16 WO PCT/EP1980/000001 patent/WO1980001525A1/de active Application Filing
  • 1980-07-29 EP EP80900299A patent/EP0023221A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1985
  • 1985-01-17 HK HK59/85A patent/HK5985A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation

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