EP0022869A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung einer graphit enthaltenden alluminium-legierung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung einer graphit enthaltenden alluminium-legierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0022869A1
EP0022869A1 EP79900934A EP79900934A EP0022869A1 EP 0022869 A1 EP0022869 A1 EP 0022869A1 EP 79900934 A EP79900934 A EP 79900934A EP 79900934 A EP79900934 A EP 79900934A EP 0022869 A1 EP0022869 A1 EP 0022869A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casting
graphite
alloy
graphite particles
aluminum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79900934A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0022869B1 (de
EP0022869A4 (de
Inventor
Katsuhiro Komuro
Masateru Suwa
Koh Soeno
Masato Ohsawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Showa Denko Materials Co ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
Hitachi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
Publication of EP0022869A4 publication Critical patent/EP0022869A4/de
Publication of EP0022869A1 publication Critical patent/EP0022869A1/de
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Publication of EP0022869B1 publication Critical patent/EP0022869B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aluminum alloys containing graphite, which comprises the addition and dispersion of graphite particles, particularly graphite particles not covered with a metal, in an aluminum casting or in alloy of the latter.
  • metal alloys containing a solid lubricant have been used. is used to compensate for a loss of lubrication by providing a self-lubricating action of the solid lubricant when a film of a lubricating oil is destroyed. It is known that graphite is very suitable as a solid lubricant. Consequently, many alloys containing particles of Graphite has been proposed and manufactured to date, however most of these metal alloys containing graphite particles are prepared by spray metallurgy, so that the resulting sintering products do not have sufficient mechanical properties. .
  • a method has therefore been proposed according to which a mixed powder of graphite particles coated with nickel and a halide is incorporated in a casting of a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and vortices are formed in the casting by an agitator for uniformly dispersing the graphite particles, and another method in which graphite particles coated with a metal and suspended in a carrier gas are blown in a cast of an aluminum alloy, method described in the publication of the patent Japanese n ° 45-13224.
  • a metallic coating can be formed on the surfaces of graphite particles by chemical plating or the like, however, this process involves complicated steps, waste water treatment plants and the like pose major problems and therefore the cost of these products are unfavorably increased.
  • the process which uses the mixed powder requires considerable time for this mixing, and it is very difficult to choose an adequate particle size for mix the graphite particles to be dispersed in the casting. If a carrier gas is used, the graphite particles which can be used are limited to very fine particles, and a long time is required to complete the dispersion of a quantity predetermined graphite particles.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a process for the preparation of aluminum alloys containing graphite, according to which graphite particles of 2 to 30% by weight are thrown and dispersed in a very short time in cast aluminum or alloys of the latter, with adequate efficiency of use.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a process for the preparation of aluminum alloys containing graphite, which uses graphite particles not covered with a metal so that it is possible to use crude graphite particles for reduce manufacturing costs.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a process for the preparation of aluminum alloys containing graphite, according to which the casting structure is made fine and the graphite particles are not likely to float on the surface of the casting.
  • characteristics of the invention resides in a process for the preparation of aluminum alloys containing graphite, which comprises the following stages: incorporation, for example by throwing 1.5 to 20%, by weight, of at least one chosen additive metal in the group: titanium [Ti], chromium [Cr], zirconium [Zr], nickel [Ni], vanadium [V], cobalt [Co], manganese [Mn] and niobium [Nb], in a casting of aluminum or alloy thereof, after introduction of said metal, launch and dispersion of 2 to 30%, by weight, of graphite particles to inside the casting and after that, solidification of the aluminum or aluminum alloy casting containing these graphite particles.
  • Another characteristic of the invention lies in the stage of solidification of the casting under a pressure of 400 to 1000 kg / cm 2 to make the sintered structure very fine and to suppress the flotation of the graphite particles.
  • an aluminum casting alloy in which the graphite particles are substantially and uniformly dispersed throughout the structure of the refined ingot, the metallic coating on the surface of the graphite particles is removed and the flotation of the latter is reduced, and even if the resulting aluminum alloy containing the graphite particles is melted again, these particles do not float on the surface of the casting.
  • the drawing is a simple figure showing the relationship between the dispersed amount of the graphite particles and the particle size thereof when additive metals are incorporated into a casting of aluminum alloy by varying the amount of these additive metals.
  • an aluminum alloy in which graphite particles are thrown and dispersed contains at least one of the following elements: tin [Sn], copper [Cu], lead [Pb] and silicon [Si]. use of such alloys is to further improve the usability of these when graphite particles are dispersed in alloys of Al-Sn, Al-Cu, Al-Pb and Al-Si, alloys widely used until now in bearings or the like.
  • At least one element chosen from the group: Ti, Cr, Zr, V, Nb, Ni, Co, Mn and P is incorporated in said casting. These elements were chosen on the basis of experimental results.
  • graphite particles are incorporated in an amount varying by weight, from 2 to 30%, the highest lubrication effect can be obtained when the product is used under dry friction. It is difficult to obtain a lubricating effect sufficient with an incorporation of less than 2% by weight of the graphite particles. While, when the graphite particles are used in an amount greater than 30% by weight, the abrasion resistance deteriorates and the mechanical resistance also decreases.
  • the graphite particles are incorporated in the range of 2 to 30% by weight, it is desirable that at least one of the elements: Ti, Cr, Zr, Ni, V, Co, Mn or Nb is first incorporated in the casting in an amount varying by weight from 1.5 to 20%. If such elements are incorporated in a total amount greater than 20% by weight, although the effect of preventing the flotation of graphite can be achieved, there is a risk of seeing certain unexpected defects appear if the resulting molded alloy is used for a bearing or a piston.
  • the resulting aluminum alloys containing the graphite are suitable as metallic elements to be used at low load and at high speed.
  • the resulting aluminum alloys are suitable as metallic elements to be used under conditions of friction by lubricant, because the parts containing graphite are effective in providing an oil tank.
  • the temperature of the casting into which the graphite particles are thrown is between a value greater than 50 ° C relative to the liquid and approximately 900 ° C.
  • the temperature is not maintained above this 50 ° C higher level compared to liquid, the flowability of the casting degrades and faults such as blowing are likely to form.
  • the temperature of the casting be higher than 900 ° C, because the graphite particles may float.It is possible to use natural graphite particles and synthetic graphite particles.
  • the liquid is about at 570 ° C with an Al-Si alloy containing 12%, by weight, of Si, at 700 ° C with an Al-Si alloy containing 20%, by weight of Si, at 640 ° C with an Al-Sn alloy containing 10%, by weight, of Sn and at 650 ° C with an Al-Cu alloy containing 4%, by weight, of Cu. It is recommended to add Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn, Mn or Pb, and similar alloying elements in small quantities to these two element-matrix systems to strengthen the matrix.
  • the temperature of the liquid changes depending on the quantity of elements added to suppress the flotation of the graphite particles and if these graphite particles are added adequately to prevent them from floating , the temperature only changes from t 200 ° C.
  • the casting immediately before the incorporation of the graphite particles, is kept either at rest or stirred. When the casting is kept at rest, it must be stirred after incorporation of the graphite particles. In any case, once the graphite particles are incorporated, they are suspended in the eddies of the casting, produced by stirring, so as to facilitate their dispersion.
  • This operation is very important because, otherwise, a molded ingot cannot be obtained in which the graphite particles are uniformly dispersed.
  • a pressure of 400 to 1000 kg / cm 2 is desirable to achieve solidification. If this pressure is less than 400 kg / cm 2 , it is not possible to extract enough gas. on the contrary, it is greater than 1000 kg / cm 2 , such a high pressure requires a device which is too large, thereby increasing the costs of this apparatus.
  • the latter In the aluminum alloy containing graphite, the latter generally acts as a solid lubricant and contributes greatly to improving the abrasion resistance. This action is influenced by the size of the graphite particles used.
  • the mean diameter of the graphite particles is desirable for the mean diameter of the graphite particles to be used to be 50 ⁇ m.
  • the degree of dispersion of the graphite particles is influenced by the speed of agitation of the casting. For example, an aluminum alloy containing, by weight, 12% of Si and 3% of Cr is melted and maintained at a temperature of 700 ° C in a graphite crucible 90 mm in diameter. Then stir the casting using paddles at different speeds, and add 60 to 80 mesh natural graphite powder to the casting, in an amount equal to 9% by weight, then the dispersion of the graphite particles is observed.
  • the aluminum casting containing the graphite is then solidified under a pressure of 600 kg / cm 2 and an aluminum alloy containing graphite is thus produced.
  • An Al-Cu-Zr alloy containing, by weight, 50% Cu and 3% Zr is melted in a graphite crucible with an internal diameter of 90 mm inside diameter, and the resulting casting is maintained at a temperature of 750 ° C.
  • a pallet-shaped element is introduced into the crucible by means of which the Al-Cu-Zr alloy is rotated and stirred at 100 revolutions / minute to form vortices in the casting, then added to this casting in one go , 2% by weight of pulverized natural graphite whose size varies from 150 to 105 ⁇ m [100 ⁇ 150 meshes], from 177 to 150 ⁇ m [80 ⁇ 100 meshes], from 250 to 177 ⁇ m [60 ⁇ 80 meshes], from 500 to 250 ⁇ m [32 ⁇ 60 meshes], from 710 to 500 ⁇ m [24 ⁇ 32 meshes] or is greater than 710 ⁇ m [more than 24 meshes], until the flotation of the graphite particles occurs, to
  • region I represents a buoyancy region of graphite and the region II a graphite dispersion region. It can be seen there that the quantity of dispersed graphite changes as a function of the quantity of the additive element added and that the graphite is liable to float on the surface of the casting according to its particle size.
  • An Al-Si alloy containing, by weight, 12% of Si is melted in a graphite crucible with an inside diameter of 90 mm, and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2 are added to this pour, respectively. 0, 3.0 and 4.0%, by weight, of phosphorus. Then, the castings are maintained at a temperature of 700 ° C.
  • Om introduced into the crucible a pallet-shaped element with which we will rotate and stir the Al-Si-P alloy at 150 revolutions / minute to form vortices.
  • Graphite particles from 177 to 250 ⁇ m in size [80 ⁇ 60 mesh] are added to the casting, at a rate of 2% by weight, in order to determine the quantitative limit of the dispersed graphite particles as a function of each casting.
  • the quantitative limit of the graphite particles dispersed by an identical process with an Al-Si alloy containing, by weight, 20% of Si, an Al-Sn alloy containing, by weight, 5% of Sn and an Al-Cu alloy containing, by weight, 4% Cu The results are shown in Table 2. On the latter, it can be seen that the limit quantity of the dispersed graphite particles is influenced by the quantity of phosphorus but not by the matrix. Furthermore, when it is necessary to incorporate an amount greater than 30%, by weight, of graphite particles, 3.0 to 4.0%, by weight, of phosphorus can be added.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP79900934A 1978-08-11 1979-08-09 Verfahren zur herstellung einer graphit enthaltenden alluminium-legierung Expired EP0022869B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9722778A JPS5524949A (en) 1978-08-11 1978-08-11 Manufacture of graphite-containing aluminium alloy
JP97227/78 1978-08-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0022869A4 EP0022869A4 (de) 1980-12-12
EP0022869A1 true EP0022869A1 (de) 1981-01-28
EP0022869B1 EP0022869B1 (de) 1983-08-03

Family

ID=14186735

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79900934A Expired EP0022869B1 (de) 1978-08-11 1979-08-09 Verfahren zur herstellung einer graphit enthaltenden alluminium-legierung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4383970A (de)
EP (1) EP0022869B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5524949A (de)
DE (1) DE2953015C1 (de)
GB (1) GB2039961B (de)
WO (1) WO1980000352A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4759995A (en) * 1983-06-06 1988-07-26 Dural Aluminum Composites Corp. Process for production of metal matrix composites by casting and composite therefrom
US4786467A (en) * 1983-06-06 1988-11-22 Dural Aluminum Composites Corp. Process for preparation of composite materials containing nonmetallic particles in a metallic matrix, and composite materials made thereby
CA1289748C (en) * 1985-03-01 1991-10-01 Abinash Banerji Producing titanium carbide
JPH0630794B2 (ja) * 1985-10-14 1994-04-27 栗田工業株式会社 半導体洗浄用超純水製造装置
US4865806A (en) * 1986-05-01 1989-09-12 Dural Aluminum Composites Corp. Process for preparation of composite materials containing nonmetallic particles in a metallic matrix
IN168301B (de) * 1986-09-02 1991-03-09 Council Scient Ind Res
GB8622458D0 (en) * 1986-09-18 1986-10-22 Alcan Int Ltd Alloying aluminium
US6127047A (en) * 1988-09-21 2000-10-03 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania High temperature alloys
US5028301A (en) * 1989-01-09 1991-07-02 Townsend Douglas W Supersaturation plating of aluminum wettable cathode coatings during aluminum smelting in drained cathode cells
US5227045A (en) * 1989-01-09 1993-07-13 Townsend Douglas W Supersaturation coating of cathode substrate
JPH03267355A (ja) * 1990-03-15 1991-11-28 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd アルミニウム―クロミウム系合金およびその製法
EP0539011B1 (de) * 1991-10-23 1997-05-07 Inco Limited Mit Nickel überzogene Vorform aus Kohlenstoff
US5236468A (en) * 1992-03-19 1993-08-17 J. S. Mccormick Company Method of producing formed carbonaceous bodies
GB2267912A (en) * 1992-06-15 1993-12-22 Secr Defence Metal matrix for composite materials
DE69301638T2 (de) * 1992-08-06 1996-07-25 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung von TiC-Whiskern und Metall-Verbundstoff verstärkt durch TiC-Whisker
US5296056A (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-03-22 General Motors Corporation Titanium aluminide alloys
US9963395B2 (en) 2013-12-11 2018-05-08 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Methods of making carbon composites
US9325012B1 (en) * 2014-09-17 2016-04-26 Baker Hughes Incorporated Carbon composites
US10315922B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2019-06-11 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Carbon composites and methods of manufacture
US10480288B2 (en) 2014-10-15 2019-11-19 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Articles containing carbon composites and methods of manufacture
US9962903B2 (en) 2014-11-13 2018-05-08 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Reinforced composites, methods of manufacture, and articles therefrom
US9745451B2 (en) 2014-11-17 2017-08-29 Baker Hughes Incorporated Swellable compositions, articles formed therefrom, and methods of manufacture thereof
US11097511B2 (en) 2014-11-18 2021-08-24 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Methods of forming polymer coatings on metallic substrates
US10300627B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2019-05-28 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Method of forming a flexible carbon composite self-lubricating seal
US10125274B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2018-11-13 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Coatings containing carbon composite fillers and methods of manufacture
US10344559B2 (en) 2016-05-26 2019-07-09 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc High temperature high pressure seal for downhole chemical injection applications
CN106334787B (zh) * 2016-10-24 2018-06-29 三峡大学 一种梯度石墨/铝基表层自润滑复合材料及制备方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1207539A (en) * 1966-10-07 1970-10-07 Int Nickel Ltd Graphitic aluminium alloys
FR2054664A1 (de) * 1969-07-31 1971-04-23 Battelle Memorial Institute
US3753694A (en) * 1970-07-06 1973-08-21 Int Nickel Co Production of composite metallic articles
DE2415868A1 (de) * 1973-04-03 1975-01-30 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit metall impraegnierten koerpers
DE2704376A1 (de) * 1976-02-02 1977-08-04 Hitachi Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung von graphithaltigen kupferlegierungen

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR95986E (fr) * 1968-03-25 1972-05-19 Int Nickel Ltd Alliages graphitiques et leurs procédés de production.
JPS4918891B1 (de) * 1970-12-25 1974-05-14
JPS5438125B2 (de) * 1971-08-24 1979-11-19
JPS5295503A (en) * 1976-02-09 1977-08-11 Hitachi Ltd Production of alloy dispersed with metal particles

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1207539A (en) * 1966-10-07 1970-10-07 Int Nickel Ltd Graphitic aluminium alloys
FR2054664A1 (de) * 1969-07-31 1971-04-23 Battelle Memorial Institute
US3753694A (en) * 1970-07-06 1973-08-21 Int Nickel Co Production of composite metallic articles
DE2415868A1 (de) * 1973-04-03 1975-01-30 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit metall impraegnierten koerpers
DE2704376A1 (de) * 1976-02-02 1977-08-04 Hitachi Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung von graphithaltigen kupferlegierungen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0022869B1 (de) 1983-08-03
DE2953015C1 (de) 1984-08-30
WO1980000352A1 (en) 1980-03-06
GB2039961A (en) 1980-08-20
US4383970A (en) 1983-05-17
EP0022869A4 (de) 1980-12-12
GB2039961B (en) 1983-11-09
JPS6158534B2 (de) 1986-12-12
JPS5524949A (en) 1980-02-22

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