EP0022601A1 - Oscillateur Trapatt - Google Patents
Oscillateur Trapatt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0022601A1 EP0022601A1 EP80200676A EP80200676A EP0022601A1 EP 0022601 A1 EP0022601 A1 EP 0022601A1 EP 80200676 A EP80200676 A EP 80200676A EP 80200676 A EP80200676 A EP 80200676A EP 0022601 A1 EP0022601 A1 EP 0022601A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diode
- oscillator
- trapatt
- impedance
- trigger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B9/00—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
- H03B9/12—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using solid state devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices
- H03B9/14—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using solid state devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices and elements comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
- H03B9/145—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using solid state devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices and elements comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency being determined by a cavity resonator, e.g. a hollow waveguide cavity or a coaxial cavity
Definitions
- This invention relates to a time-delay-triggered Trapatt oscillator comprising a Trapatt diode and a transmission line connected across the diode, wherein the transmission line comprises a trigger element in the form of a step transition from a high to a low impedance as seen from the diode, the transition'being spaced from the diode to reflect energy produced by the diode back thereto so as to trigger the further production of energy by the diode, and wherein the transmission line comprises further transitions in impedance spaced along the line.
- a typical such Trapatt oscillator in coaxial line is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,842,370.
- the oscillator includes a low-pass filter comprising four so-called stubs or coaxial sleeves which are spaced along the line between.the inner and outer conductors and which each give the line a locally reduced impedance, each providing two steo transitions in impedance respectively from a high to a low impedance and from a low to a high impedance.
- the positions of the stubs are adjustable.
- the high-to-low step transition in impedance (as seen from the diode) provided by the stub nearest the diode constitutes the trigger element of the oscillator.
- the portion of the line immediately adjacent the diode is also of a low impedance, providing a so-called step transformer, there being a single step transition from this low impedance to the higher impedance of the majority of the line.
- this step transformer has three functions: its primary function is to match the low impedance of the diode to the high impedance of the line and the output line connected thereto, and its other functions are said to be to control the optimum delay angle 9 for Trapatt diode operation (dependent on various characteristics of the diode) and to provide a large capacitance near the diode.
- the patent also states that for high efficiency operation, the total impedance seen by the diode must have certain properties which cannot be provided by the step transformer alone; for this reason, the low-pass filter must be utilised.
- the oscillator relies for its operation upon repeated triggering of the diode by pulses reflected from the high-to-low impedance transition (as seen from the diode) at the filter stub nearest the diode. Since each transition from a high impedance to a low impedance (as seen from the Trapatt diode), in particular such transitions in the filter which forms part of the oscillator, is capable of generating a trigger voltage from a single diode-stimulus, spurious or multiple triggering is possible. Since each of these multiple trigger pulses can compete to control the oscillation frequency, coherent oscillation requires one trigger to achieve dominance.
- Trapatt oscillator circuits merely provided the necessary steady state impedances at the . fundamental and harmonically related frequencies (the low-pass filter being required in particular for these harmonics), but in practice it is thought that they also provided the voltage-steps for suppressing the diode voltage between trigger pulses.
- the many elements of the oscillator circuit almost always require empirical adjustment. Failure to prevent the diode voltage exceeding avalanche breakdown between triggers will lead to different diode states prior to each trigger pulse and hence preclude coherence.
- the object of this invention is two fold: first to inhibit unwanted triggering by reflections from discontinuities and thus to increase the effectiveness of the trigger leflection from the trigger element, and secondly to suppress the diode voltage during the recovery period.
- a time-delay-triggered Trapatt oscillator as set forth in the opening paragraph is characterised in that said further transitions are each from a lower to a higher impedance as seen from the diode and are located between the diode and the trigger element so that the impedance of the transmission line progressively increases along the line from the diode to the trigger element.
- the further transitions may.be step transitions, so that the transmission line comprises a plurality of sections the respective impedances of which progressively increase from the diode.
- the further transitions may form a taper, so that there is a continuous increase in impedance along the line from the diode.
- the further transitions may partly be step transitions and partly form a taper.
- the stepping and/or tapering may be applied to the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both.
- An oscillator embodying the invention does not require the use of a low-pass filter such as employed in conventional Trapatt oscillators, and can readily be set up to operate with a desired fundamental frequency and with good efficiency.
- the operation of the oscillator is much less dependent on the positions of the further transitions than prior-art oscillators. In marked contrast to the latter, the performance deteriorates only gradually as the transitions are moved from their optimum positions, and the transitions can be moved quite some distance before the oscillator will not produce coherent oscillations. Furthermore, replacement of the diode by a significantly different one has been found to necessitate little or no adjustment of the positions.of the transitions.
- the fundamental frequency can be varied over a useful bandwidth by adjusting the position of the trigger element, while the efficiency is generally at least as good as that of prior-art oscillators.
- a Trapatt oscillator arrangement comprises a centre conductor C of constant diameter and an outer conductor, of which the Figure shows diagrammatically only the outline of the inner surface, which is of stepped formation and can conveniently be regarded as being formed of sections 1, 2 ... 7 respectively of lengths L1, L2 ... L7 having respective characteristic impedances, not indicated on the Figure, Z1, Z2 ... Z7.
- this coaxial system is terminated by a transverse wall W between which and the end of the central conductor C is a Trapatt diode T.
- the delay line the length of which primarily determines the frequency of oscillation, and from the end of which remote from the diode T are reflected the pulses which act as trigger pulses, is formed of the sections 1 to 5 inclusive, whilst the step transition from high to low impedance at the junction of sections 5 and 6 forms a trigger element which reflects.part of the pulse from the diode T back along the line to trigger the next pulse.
- section 7 which forms the output section of the oscillator arrangement and to which the load and the bias circuits for the diode would be coupled in the usual way.
- the length of this section is, of course, immaterial provided that the termination is a broad-band match that is to say a constant resistance network for example such as that disclosed in published U.K. Patent Application 2,026,800A.
- Section 5 of the arrangement carries a polystyrene washer B some 3 mm long which is a good fit in the outer conductor and over the inner conductor C: the reason for providing this washer is purely mechanical, to add strength to the assembly.
- Section 6 of the arrangement was in the form of a brass slug S of annular cross section slidable within the continuous inner surface of sections 5 and 7 and having spring contact fingers F which engage this surface: this enabled the length of section 5, and hence the fundamental frequency of oscillation to be varied. It was found that by the use of this construction the fundamental frequency could be varied between the approximate limits of 1.8 to 2.5 GHz whilst at the same time maintaining coherence.
- the centre conductor C was 3 mm in diameter: in the following examples d is the inner diameter of the outer conductor.
- the frequency was 2.5 GHz in all cases and operation was pulsed with a duty cycle of 0.1%.
- the mean current drawn by the diode during the pulse could be varied from about 2 amps to at least 4 amps and at the latter current a peak output power of 40 watts was reached.
- Example 1 Dimensions were as for Example 1 except that section 6 was 9 mm long.
- the output power was some 45 watts with an input pulse current of 4 amps.
- Example 2 Dimensions were as for Example 2 except that L2 was 9 mm and Z2 was 20 ohms so that in effect this was a four-section line instead of a five-section line as in the Figure, since sections 2 and 3 of the Figure were identical. This arrangement could only be driven up to 3.7 amps mean current during the pulse but output powers of up to 50 watts were attained.
- Section 1 was 9 mm long and was loaded with a cross-linked polystyrene slug some 2 mm long, and peak outputs of over 60 watts were attained.
- a fixed-frequency oscillator at 2.5 GHz was made to the same dimensions as those of Example 2 with the difference that the brass slug S forming the low-impedance section L6 was omitted and instead the centre conductor C was formed with a portion 9 mm long and having an increased diameter of 6 mm.
Landscapes
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
- Tone Control, Compression And Expansion, Limiting Amplitude (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB7924638A GB2032715B (en) | 1979-07-16 | 1979-07-16 | Trapatt diode oscillator |
GB7924638 | 1979-07-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0022601A1 true EP0022601A1 (fr) | 1981-01-21 |
EP0022601B1 EP0022601B1 (fr) | 1983-04-06 |
Family
ID=10506520
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80200676A Expired EP0022601B1 (fr) | 1979-07-16 | 1980-07-10 | Oscillateur Trapatt |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4354165A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0022601B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS5639603A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU534171B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1147030A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3062618D1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2032715B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2075782B (en) * | 1980-05-09 | 1983-12-14 | Philips Electronic Associated | Rf oscillator arrangement |
DE102011006209A1 (de) | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | HF-Generator |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3646357A (en) * | 1970-03-27 | 1972-02-29 | Sperry Rand Corp | Semiconductor diode high-frequency signal generator |
DE2114918B2 (de) * | 1970-03-30 | 1972-07-13 | Western Electric Co. Inc., New York, N.Y. (V.StA.) | Mikrowellenoszillator vom lawinenlaufzeittyp |
US3714605A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1973-01-30 | Sperry Rand Corp | Broad band high efficiency mode energy converter |
US3721919A (en) * | 1972-03-13 | 1973-03-20 | Sperry Rand Corp | High efficiency mode planar microcircuit high frequency signal generator |
US3743966A (en) * | 1972-02-09 | 1973-07-03 | Sperry Rand Corp | Trapatt diode transmission line oscillator using time delayed triggering |
US3842370A (en) * | 1973-02-22 | 1974-10-15 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Coaxial trapatt oscillator operable at a fixed frequency and at a high efficiency |
US3919667A (en) * | 1973-09-21 | 1975-11-11 | Gen Electric | Avalanche diode oscillator |
GB2026800A (en) * | 1979-05-23 | 1980-02-06 | Philips Electronic Associated | Trapatt oscillators |
-
1979
- 1979-07-16 GB GB7924638A patent/GB2032715B/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-07-03 US US06/165,892 patent/US4354165A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-07-10 EP EP80200676A patent/EP0022601B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-07-10 DE DE8080200676T patent/DE3062618D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-07-16 AU AU60435/80A patent/AU534171B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-07-16 JP JP9744480A patent/JPS5639603A/ja active Granted
- 1980-07-16 CA CA000356300A patent/CA1147030A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3646357A (en) * | 1970-03-27 | 1972-02-29 | Sperry Rand Corp | Semiconductor diode high-frequency signal generator |
DE2114918B2 (de) * | 1970-03-30 | 1972-07-13 | Western Electric Co. Inc., New York, N.Y. (V.StA.) | Mikrowellenoszillator vom lawinenlaufzeittyp |
US3714605A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1973-01-30 | Sperry Rand Corp | Broad band high efficiency mode energy converter |
US3743966A (en) * | 1972-02-09 | 1973-07-03 | Sperry Rand Corp | Trapatt diode transmission line oscillator using time delayed triggering |
US3721919A (en) * | 1972-03-13 | 1973-03-20 | Sperry Rand Corp | High efficiency mode planar microcircuit high frequency signal generator |
US3842370A (en) * | 1973-02-22 | 1974-10-15 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Coaxial trapatt oscillator operable at a fixed frequency and at a high efficiency |
US3919667A (en) * | 1973-09-21 | 1975-11-11 | Gen Electric | Avalanche diode oscillator |
GB2026800A (en) * | 1979-05-23 | 1980-02-06 | Philips Electronic Associated | Trapatt oscillators |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PROC. IEE, vol. 122, no. 11, November 1975, S.C. CRIPPS et al: "Double-Diode Trapatt Pulse Generator with Applications to Avalanche-Diode Research", pages 1187 to 1192 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2032715A (en) | 1980-05-08 |
JPS5639603A (en) | 1981-04-15 |
GB2032715B (en) | 1983-06-29 |
US4354165A (en) | 1982-10-12 |
EP0022601B1 (fr) | 1983-04-06 |
DE3062618D1 (de) | 1983-05-11 |
JPS6133481B2 (fr) | 1986-08-02 |
CA1147030A (fr) | 1983-05-24 |
AU6043580A (en) | 1981-01-22 |
AU534171B2 (en) | 1984-01-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6690247B2 (en) | Nonlinear transmission line waveform generator having an input voltage matched to the C/V characteristic of the transmission line | |
US3909755A (en) | Low pass microwave filter | |
US4246550A (en) | Wideband, millimeter wave frequency Gunn oscillator | |
Bondarenko et al. | Microwave switch based on a combined coaxial-waveguide tee for a cavity pulse shaper | |
Bondarenko et al. | Forming the powerful microwave pulses using resonator storage | |
EP0022601B1 (fr) | Oscillateur Trapatt | |
DE3117080A1 (de) | Mikrowellen-gegentaktmischerschaltung in streifenleitungstechnik | |
US4951006A (en) | Antenna coupled millimeter wave oscillator | |
GB1570873A (en) | Diode oscillator | |
JPH06152206A (ja) | 無反射終端 | |
GB1575489A (en) | Power combiner for radio frequency energy | |
US3818388A (en) | Waveguide frequency multiplier | |
US4053854A (en) | Q switching microwave oscillator | |
US4348646A (en) | Time-delay-triggered TRAPATT oscillator with directional filter | |
DE10029407C2 (de) | Dämpfungsglied für eine dielektrische Übertragungsleitung, Abschlußglied für eine dielektrische und Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung | |
US4494086A (en) | Transmission line oscillator having independently adjustable Q and input resistance | |
US3324424A (en) | Microwave circuit termination | |
US3701055A (en) | Ka-band solid-state switching circuit | |
US3932815A (en) | Broadband waveguide mixer | |
DE2306514A1 (de) | Hochfrequenzgenerator | |
US3416099A (en) | Bulk-effect negative-resistance microwave device employing a half wave open circuit resonator structure | |
US4309672A (en) | Negative resistance oscillator/amplifier accumulator circuit | |
Davies et al. | An improved trapatt oscillator circuit | |
US2589259A (en) | Radio-frequency circuit | |
JPH03198507A (ja) | バラクタ同調型vcoおよびその同調範囲を拡張する方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19810403 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: N.V. PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN Owner name: PHILIPS ELECTRONIC AND ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES LIMIT |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: ING. C. GREGORJ S.P.A. |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3062618 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19830511 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19840730 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19840924 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19840930 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19850731 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19860711 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19870201 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19870331 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19870401 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19881118 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 80200676.7 Effective date: 19870518 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |