EP0021889B1 - Verfahren zum Einschnüren flüssiger Metallströme durch Anwendung eines elektromagnetischen Feldes - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Einschnüren flüssiger Metallströme durch Anwendung eines elektromagnetischen Feldes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0021889B1
EP0021889B1 EP80400751A EP80400751A EP0021889B1 EP 0021889 B1 EP0021889 B1 EP 0021889B1 EP 80400751 A EP80400751 A EP 80400751A EP 80400751 A EP80400751 A EP 80400751A EP 0021889 B1 EP0021889 B1 EP 0021889B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
jet
screen
stream
confinement
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Expired
Application number
EP80400751A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0021889A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Garnier
Marcel Garnier
René Moreau
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Bpifrance Financement SA
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Agence National de Valorisation de la Recherche ANVAR
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/01—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths without moulds, e.g. on molten surfaces
    • B22D11/015—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths without moulds, e.g. on molten surfaces using magnetic field for conformation, i.e. the metal is not in contact with a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
    • B22D39/003—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations using electromagnetic field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/08—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like for bottom pouring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/218—Means to regulate or vary operation of device
    • Y10T137/2191—By non-fluid energy field affecting input [e.g., transducer]

Definitions

  • the optimal frequency f a is that for which the penetration depth 5 of the electromagnetic field is equal to the radius R of the unconfined liquid metallic jet, that is:
  • a coil was passed through with a frequency current in combination with a screen penetrating inside the coil from the bottom, the detachment taking place at the upper edge of the screen, whereas, according to the present invention, a coil is used traversed by a current of frequency (r, radius of the jet after confinement, being less than R, radius of the jet after confinement) without screen or with a screen penetrating into the coil from the top; in the absence of a screen, detachment takes place at a level which is not easily determinable, while in the presence of a screen this detachment takes place at the lower edge of the screen.
  • r radius of the jet after confinement, being less than R, radius of the jet after confinement
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a method for confining a jet of liquid metal by creating, substantially at the level where the confinement is to be carried out, an overpressure in the jet by means of at least one coil surrounding the jet at this level. and traversed by an alternating current, characterized in that the said alternating current has a low frequency, less than the inverse of the product of the magnetic permeability of the liquid metal by the electrical conductivity of this metal and by the square of the radius of the jet of this metal after confinement, in coherent units, whereby the use of a screen or a second coil in opposition is avoided in order to eliminate the magnetic field produced in said at least one coil when it is traversed by said alternating current.
  • this low frequency has a value substantially equal to the inverse of the product of said permeability, by said conductivity and by the square of the radius of the metal jet before confinement, in coherent units.
  • the method uses a second coil surrounding the jet, this second coil being arranged under the first coil in the direction of flow of the jet, the two coils being arranged on either side of the joint and being traversed by alternating currents of the same frequency, constantly in phase opposition.
  • the method further comprises the use of a screen made of an electrically conductive material arranged concentrically with said at least one coil and penetrating inside the latter from the top, if we consider the direction of movement of the jet.
  • Figure 1 shows, in section, a device according to patent FR-A-2,316,026.
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 show, also in section, three modes of implementation of the method according to the present application, namely respectively: for the confinement of a jet at the outlet of a nozzle and having no screen detachment; for confining a jet at the outlet of a nozzle and comprising a separation screen; and to ensure the passage of a seal and having no release screen.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the variation, as a function of the frequency in kHz, of a coefficient C f representative of the efficiency of the magnetic field (for a vein of liquid steel having a diameter of 40 mm).
  • FIGS. 6 and 7, finally, are used to explain how the contraction phenomenon takes place, even in the absence of a screen for suppressing a magnetic field, when a field is implemented in the method according to the invention sufficiently low frequency.
  • FIG. 1 shows the state of the art as described in the prior patent FR-A 2,316,026, in particular FIG. 1 of this patent, so as to better understand the differences between the present invention and said application.
  • the jet of liquid metal 6 leaving the nozzle 1 takes off from the walls 7 of this nozzle at level h of the upper edge 8 of the screen 3.
  • the jet thus confined has a diameter d smaller at diameter D from level h.
  • the location of the separation of the jet can be precisely fixed by fixing the position of the upper edge 8 of the screen 3 which penetrates from below into the coil 2.
  • the diameter d of the jet can be adjusted by modifying the intensity of high frequency alternating electric current flowing through the coil 2.
  • the confinement is achieved by the combination of the coil 2 and the screen 3 and the frequency which runs through the coil 2 must be such that it satisfies the conditions: by calling R the radius of the jet of liquid metal before its contraction e the thickness of the metallic screen 3, a m and ac the electrical conductivities respectively of the liquid metal constituting the jet 6 and of the good electrically conductive material constituting the screen 3 and y is the electrical conductivity of the liquid metal .
  • the contraction coefficient ⁇ is equal to the ratio d / D or r / R
  • FIG. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the simplest embodiment, namely a device ensuring the separation of a jet of liquid metal at the outlet of a nozzle without the use of a screen, but simply of a coil traversed by an alternating current of sufficiently low frequency.
  • FIG. 2 there has been illustrated in 1 a the nozzle and in 2a the coil, the jet 6a passing from the diameter D, before confinement, to the diameter d under the effect of the magnetic field produced by the coil 2a when the latter is crossed by an alternating current of frequency f such that the penetration depth of the magnetic field in the jet of liquid metal is greater than the radius r of the jet of the confined liquid metal
  • the frequency f is close to an optimal frequency f o such that the penetration depth is equal to the radius R of the unconfined liquid vein:
  • FIG. 3 an embodiment of the invention is illustrated comprising, in addition to the coil traversed by an alternating current of low frequency (as defined above with reference to FIG. 2), a screen made of a material good conductor of electricity.
  • the nozzle 1b, the coil 2b and the screen 3b have been illustrated, all three of revolution around the axis XX ′.
  • the jet of liquid metal 6b passes from a diameter D, before contraction, to the diameter d after contraction, the contraction and detachment taking place at the level k defined by the lower edge of the screen 3b which, unlike the screen 3 of Figure 1, enters the coil 2 from the top in the direction of flow of the jet 6b.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a device implementing the improvements according to the invention to ensure the passage of a seal and having no screen.
  • a device implementing the improvements according to the invention to ensure the passage of a seal and having no screen.
  • the penetration depth 5 is just equal to the radius R of the non-contracted metallic vein, the magnetic field being zero in the center of the vein, it appears, immediately below the lower edge of the screen, electromagnetic overpressure If an initiation of contraction of the metallic vein occurs upstream of this zone (and it will necessarily occur because of the pulling effect of gravity combined with magnetic decay outside the coil and instabilities that exist on the surface of the jet), the depth of penetration locally becomes greater than the radius of the metal stream and the efficiency of the magnetic field decreases, since B has ceased to be zero. This results in a decrease in pressure in the jet, which leads to a local increase in speed and an increase in the original contraction. The process continues and the contraction affects the entire jet. The release seal then rises in the coil where, because of the uniformity of the magnetic field, it cannot be fixed stably, to immobilize at the lower edge of the screen beyond which the nullity of the magnetic field would force it to go back down.
  • the two tables below give the values of the contraction coefficient ⁇ and the flow reduction coefficient (if p and ⁇ o respectively designate the flows with and without magnetic field), for a vein of liquid steel with an initial diameter of 40 mm under a load of 1 m of liquid, for different values of Bo.
  • the method and the device according to the invention make it possible to carry out the confinement of liquid metals, in particular liquid steel, liquid aluminum or liquid copper, as well as their alloys.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Verfahren zum Einschnüren eines flüssigen Metallstroms durch Erzeugung eines Überdruckes im Strom an der Stelle der gewünschten Einschnürung mit Hilfe wenigstens einer den Strom an dieser Stelle umgebenden, von einem Wechselstrom durchflossenen Spule (2a, 2b, 12a), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wechselstrom eine niedrige Frequenz (f) hat, die kleiner ist als das Inverse des Produkts der magnetischen Permeabilität (µ) des flüssigen Metalls, der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit (σm) dieses Metalls und des Quadrates des Radius des Metallstroms nach der Einschnürung, in kohärenten Einheiten,
Figure imgb0031
um auf diese Weise den Einsatz eines Schirms oder einer zweiten gegenüberliegenden Spule zur Erzeugung der Zusammendrückung des magnetischen Feldes in der genannten wenigstens einen Spule wenn sie von diesem Wechselstrom durchflossen wird, zu vermeiden.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte niedrige Frequenz (f) einen Wert (fa) aufweist, der dem Inversen des Produktes der genannten Werte der Permeabilität, der Leitfähigkeit und des Quadrates des Radius des Metallstroms vor der Einschnürung, in kohärenten Einheiten
Figure imgb0032
ist.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Passieren einer Verbindungsstelle (11c) eine zweite den Strahl (16) umgebende Spule (12b) verwendet wird, die - stromabwärts in Strahlrichtung (X - X') gesehen - unter der ersten Spule (12a) angeordnet ist, wobei die Spulen abwechselnd auf der einen bzw. anderen Seite der Verbindungsstelle angeordnet sind und von ständig gegenphasigen Wechselströmen gleicher Frequenz durchflossen werden.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, gekennzeichnet durch die zusätzliche Verwendung eines Schirms (3b) aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material der konzentrisch zur genannten wenigstens einen Spule (2b) angeordnet ist und - in Strahlrichtung (X → X') betrachtet - von oben in diese hineinragt.
EP80400751A 1979-05-31 1980-05-28 Verfahren zum Einschnüren flüssiger Metallströme durch Anwendung eines elektromagnetischen Feldes Expired EP0021889B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7914011A FR2457730A1 (fr) 1979-05-31 1979-05-31 Procede et dispositif pour realiser le confinement des metaux liquides par mise en oeuvre d'un champ electromagnetique
FR7914011 1979-05-31

Publications (2)

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EP0021889A1 EP0021889A1 (de) 1981-01-07
EP0021889B1 true EP0021889B1 (de) 1983-02-09

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US (1) US4324266A (de)
EP (1) EP0021889B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3061881D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2457730A1 (de)

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DE19626776B4 (de) * 1996-07-03 2007-09-27 Siemens Ag Elektrische Bremseinrichtung für Flüssigmetall

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US4635705A (en) * 1983-12-14 1987-01-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Double-sided electromagnetic pump with controllable normal force for rapid solidification of liquid metals
US4572812A (en) * 1984-08-13 1986-02-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Energy Method and apparatus for casting conductive and semiconductive materials
GB8711041D0 (en) * 1987-05-11 1987-06-17 Electricity Council Electromagnetic valve
US4842170A (en) * 1987-07-06 1989-06-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Liquid metal electromagnetic flow control device incorporating a pumping action
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US5102449A (en) * 1989-05-11 1992-04-07 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "S.N.E.C.M.A." Inclusion decanting process for nickel-based superalloys and other metallic materials
FR2647874B1 (fr) * 1989-06-02 1991-09-20 Galva Lorraine Vanne electromagnetique pour controler l'ecoulement d'un metal ou alliage metallique en phase liquide dans une canalisation en charge
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FR2649625B1 (fr) * 1989-07-12 1994-05-13 Snecma Dispositif de busette electromagnetique pour le controle d'un jet de metal liquide
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US9616494B2 (en) 2014-03-28 2017-04-11 Scott Vader Conductive liquid three dimensional printer
CN106363188A (zh) * 2016-11-21 2017-02-01 张森 一种形成稳定的金属液流的装置
CN106334799A (zh) * 2016-11-21 2017-01-18 张森 一种金属粉末的生产方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19626776B4 (de) * 1996-07-03 2007-09-27 Siemens Ag Elektrische Bremseinrichtung für Flüssigmetall

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2457730A1 (fr) 1980-12-26
EP0021889A1 (de) 1981-01-07
US4324266A (en) 1982-04-13
DE3061881D1 (en) 1983-03-17
FR2457730B1 (de) 1983-03-18

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