EP0020927B1 - Système d'affichage à balayage par trames et sous-trames - Google Patents

Système d'affichage à balayage par trames et sous-trames Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0020927B1
EP0020927B1 EP80102231A EP80102231A EP0020927B1 EP 0020927 B1 EP0020927 B1 EP 0020927B1 EP 80102231 A EP80102231 A EP 80102231A EP 80102231 A EP80102231 A EP 80102231A EP 0020927 B1 EP0020927 B1 EP 0020927B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
character
characters
line
displayed
scanning
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Expired
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EP80102231A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0020927A1 (fr
Inventor
Charles Ronald Bringol
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G1/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data
    • G09G1/06—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows
    • G09G1/14—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows the beam tracing a pattern independent of the information to be displayed, this latter determining the parts of the pattern rendered respectively visible and invisible
    • G09G1/18—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows the beam tracing a pattern independent of the information to be displayed, this latter determining the parts of the pattern rendered respectively visible and invisible a small local pattern covering only a single character, and stepping to a position for the following character, e.g. in rectangular or polar co-ordinates, or in the form of a framed star

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cathode ray tube display (CRT) systems for word processing.
  • the display system described in US-A-3,582,946 comprises a set of two counters which control the deflection plates of the display tube so as to display each character on the latter before moving on to the next character.
  • Each character is produced by light intensity signals adequately provided during the scanning of a vertical line subframe, along a horizontal scanning line.
  • this system it is possible to modify the size of the characteristics from one display line to another, by modifying the values supplied to one or the other of the two counters.
  • Patent FR-A-1 452 072 also describes a display system in frames and subframes, where it is possible to display on a same line, characters of different width or height.
  • the characters to be displayed are extracted from a sequential memory comprising the sequence of coded representations of the locations of the screen which must receive a character to be displayed with their positions relative to the start of the scanning on the screen.
  • This technique is described for example in patents US-A-3,582,946, US-A-3,697,955 and US-A-3,786,478.
  • the display system described in this patent does not include a display by frames and sub- frames where each character is formed (or refreshed) before the next character is formed since the sequential memory contains the data adapted to the chosen display mode, and also does not have the possibility of displaying characters of variable width .
  • the fundamental object of the present invention is a display system of alphanumeric characters of variable width in which each character to be displayed at a particular character position is either formed or refreshed before the next character is itself form.
  • the present invention is used in a CRT display system to display a block or a page comprising several alphanumeric characters arranged in several lines of characters, comprising a cyclic refresh means in which each character is completely refreshed before going to the next character.
  • the system comprises means for ensuring a repetitive scanning of the frame of the CRT cathode ray tube, the scanning being done by horizontal lines following each of these horizontal lines of characters, each horizontal line scanning comprising a subframe of vertical scanning lines where each position of the characters of the line thus traversed is scanned by a group of vertical lines.
  • the system further comprises means for modulating the intensity of the light along the vertical scanning lines of each of these groups of lines in order to selectively provide an alphanumeric character at the position thus scanned by the group of lines.
  • This cathode ray tube scanning system works in combination with storage means to store the sequence of coded representations of the characters to be displayed, and with means of sequential access to these coded representations, and in synchronization with the scanning means. per frame reaching the position at which a particular character must be displayed.
  • Means sensitive to the data to which we had access apply to the tube cathodic display of the signals which represent the whole character to be displayed at a particular character position before the displacement of the frame scanning means to the next character position. Then, means responsive to these applied signals modulate the intensity of light along the vertical scan lines of each of the groups of vertical scan lines to provide the displayed character at a particular position, so that each character of the page, or block, is either initially formed or simply refreshed in its entirety before proceeding in the same way on the next character.
  • the subject of the present invention is a frame and subframe scanning display system for displaying on a display tube a data block formed of alphanumeric characters of variable width arranged in several lines of characters comprising means for scanning by frame of horizontal lines, each horizontal line of the frame completely traversing each of the character lines and comprising a subframe of vertical scanning lines in variable number according to the character width where each character position in the line of characters then scanned is scanned by a group of vertical scanning lines, character generating means for applying signals representing the character to be displayed at each character position by scanning means, the latter comprising means for modulating the intensity of light along the vertical scan lines of each of the groups to selectively provide ac alphanumeric character at the position then scanned by the group, and being characterized in that it comprises a matrix storage means for storing binary values representing the positions of the characters to be displayed and each corresponding to an exhaust unit on said tube display, each character of variable width being represented by a series of bits of the same value, the number of which is a function of the width of the character to
  • the pitch of the displayed alphanumeric characters can be modified by changing the horizontal displacement between the vertical scan lines of a group, means are also used to vary the height of the characters by modifying the height of the vertical scan line in the group of lines from which the alphanumeric character is formed.
  • FIGS 1 to 11 showing a display system of characters of fixed width using matrix and sequential storage means, are intended to better understand the invention itself which will be described with reference to Figures 12 to 14.
  • the memory comprises a sequential access storage means for storing coded representations of a block or of a page of alphanumeric characters displayed on a CRT cathode ray tube.
  • the coded representations of the displayed characters must be in a sequence of storage positions corresponding spatially to the positions of the characters of the block, or of the page, then displayed.
  • FIG. 1 represents a portion of a CRT cathode ray tube on which is displayed a piece of page carrying alphanumeric data.
  • FIG. 4 represents an organization of sequential access memory in order to store the coded representations of the characters displayed on the CRT tube of FIG. 1 in a series of storage positions spatially corresponding to the positions of the characters of the block displayed on the CRT tube in Figure 1.
  • the character "N" on the CRT tube in Figure 1 is in the fourth position of the third row and that each row of the display has 100 positions of characters.
  • the organization of the sequential access memory for storing the coded representations of the displayed characters is replaced for two memory units which operate at the same time time.
  • One of the units is a matrix memory which stores the data representing only the position of the displayed characters, as shown in FIG. 2 in which the position of the bits "1" (binary information element) spatially corresponds to the position of the respective alphanumeric characters then displayed on the CRT tube of FIG. 1.
  • the position memory unit of FIG. 2 in synchronization with a repeated scan. CRT tube to refresh the displayed character.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 The spatial correspondence of the coded representation of the alphanumeric characters of the memory with the true alphanumeric characters displayed on the CRT tube, is represented in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 in the case where the alphanumeric information displayed is arranged by column.
  • the position information stored in the matrix memory unit represented in FIG. 6 corresponds directly to the arrangement in columns of the alphanumeric data of FIG. 5. Consequently, using the circuits which will be described below, there is a extraction of the position bits "1" from the matrix memory unit, FIG. 6, in synchronization with the scanning of the CRT display tube of FIG. 5. Consequently, there is access in the sequential access memory of FIG. 7 to the coded representation of the alphanumeric characters displayed, this access being done line by line by traversing the entire line instead of being made column by column.
  • Figures 8-11 show how character attributes such as underlining a character or shifting a character up or down relative to the character line are treated.
  • the alphanumeric data displayed shows that the two letters "is” are underlined and that the number "2" is raised to the power "N".
  • the information relating to the character attributes is stored only in association with coded data to which there is sequential access, figure 10.
  • an underline start code (CDS) is stored before the two letters "is”
  • CFS end code underscore
  • the reverse half-line code (RHI) is used before “N” and a half-line code (HI) is used after the "N” to return to the character line.
  • the coded data representing the various character attributes such as the CDS codes , CFS, RHI, or HI, are stored similarly by being associated with the coded representations of the characters then displayed.
  • the basic control logic of a display system operating so as to apply to the CRT tube signals representing the whole character to be displayed and its refreshment - at a particular display position before the displacement of the scanning means on the the following display position is shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.
  • the system is controlled by a conventional microprocessor 12 which provides the required data which will be described below.
  • the control signals for the main deflection of the tube bundle -CRT 13 control the deflection coils of axes X and Y of the CRT tube.
  • the logic shown in Figures 19 and 20 allows the scanning electron beam of the CRT tube to move from left to right, as shown schematically in Figure 15.
  • each line 14 of the main deflection path corresponds to a line containing several character positions and forming part of an entire page displayed.
  • signals whose frequency is higher are applied to a micro-deflection means so as to generate a micro-frame, or sub-frame, under the control of the signals supplied by the logic of Figures 19 and 20.
  • This micro-frame scanning which provides the particular character is shown in Figure 16 and produces the displayed character "N".
  • the character "N" is produced by the video signal which is controlled from a character generator which operates in synchronization with the micro-frame to produce the character.
  • a character generator which operates in synchronization with the micro-frame to produce the character.
  • the alphanumeric data to be displayed on the CRT cathode ray tube 13 are stored in a selective access memory (RAM) 16 in the microprocessor 12 which controls the word processing system.
  • the RAM memory 16 contains the coded representations of the data of a block, or page, of alphanumeric characters to be displayed on the CRT tube 13 according to a sequence of storage positions spatially corresponding to the positions of the characters of the page or block to be displayed. on the CRT tube.
  • the RAM 16 also contains control codes. which determine the position of the characters as well as the characteristics of the displayed characters, for example, a character underline.
  • the address counter 19 requests from the address counter 19 a signal which indicates the position of the beam of scanning along the main deflection line 14, figure 15,
  • the address counter 19 under the control of the communication logic input command 24, controls the sequences of the character data coming from the RAM memory 16 so that a sequence of character data is sent to the character generator, which will be described below, in a sequence corresponding spatially to the CRT tube display 13.
  • the data selection means 20 performs a similar multiplexing function with regard to the data extracted from the RAM memory of the microprocessor, that is to say, the data relating to other functions independent of the microprocessor.
  • This data is sent by the data bus 21 while the data bit which indicates the character to be displayed at the position indicated by the counter 19 on the CRT tube 13, is sent along the bus 22 to the input register 23 while that the address counter 19 is incremented by "one".
  • the input control logic 24 which operates under the control of a high frequency clock (60 nanoseconds) 25 examines the byte of data of the register 23, via the bus 27, to determine whether the byte is a code instruction, command code or character code.
  • an instruction code could be as follows: "Load The Next Two Multiplets In The Address Counter 19".
  • the control logic 24 transmits the following two bytes in the counter 19, via the buses 37 and 38.
  • this byte passes , via bus 29, to the RAM buffer 28.
  • a character code follows a command code.
  • each time a control code byte is detected and loaded into the buffer memory 28 the next byte which must be a character code byte is extracted from the RAM memory and is loaded into the buffer memory 28 which can store eight bytes of control codes and eight bytes of character codes.
  • the sixteen-byte RAM buffer memory 28 is of particularly advantageous use in the display system according to the present invention where the spacing allocated to the character is variable, depending on the width of the character.
  • the "W" can occupy a space that is almost twice the space occupied by a "1".
  • a line having many narrow characters could contain a number of characters exceeding by up to 20% the number of characters that a line having larger characters.
  • the sixteen byte buffer 28 serves for the storage of command and character codes which can then be sent to the character generating means of the system in synchronization with the main deflection on the scanning line 14 of FIG. 15.
  • the buffer memory 28 operates under the control of the counter 30 which serves as an input pointer to the positions of the memory 28, through the gate 31, and of the counter 32 which serves as an output pointer to the positions of the buffer memory 28, by door 31.
  • the input and output counters 30 and 32 are controlled by the control logic 24, on the one hand by the clock 33 and erase 34 lines in the direction of the counter 30, and on the other hand by the clock 35 and erase 36 lines towards the counter 32.
  • the device When the buffer memory is loaded, the device is in the stage from which the alphanumeric character to be displayed on a given display line can be refreshed in synchronization with the scanning means of the CRT tube.
  • the video signal is controlled by the generator of characters in synchronization with a sweep that involves a horizontal sweep of main deflection along the lines 14 of Figure 15 as well as a vertical sweep by micro-frame, as shown in Figure 16.
  • the beam runs horizontally along line 14, it is subjected to a vertical sub-frame along line 39, as shown in detail in Figure 16.
  • each character area 40, 40 'or 40 corresponds to a width of five exhausts, and the vertical scan 39 is divided into eight scan lines.
  • the character generator by selectively activating the required combination of video line units 41, allows the alphanumeric character to be displayed and cyclically refreshed.
  • the letter "N" appears in the character area 40 while the character area 40 'remains "white”. That is, there is no active video line unit, and the character area 40 "contains a portion of the alphanumeric character" F ".
  • the address applied to memories 47 and 48 includes eleven bits applied by buses 54 and 49. These eleven bits contain the eight bits coming from the character register 46 sent on the bus 50, and the three bits coming from the address counter 51 sent along the bus 52.
  • the first two scan lines of the selected character configuration are sent respectively from memories 47 and 48, by buses 55 and 56, to the scan registers 42 and 43 which have been conditioned for a loading operation by a signal from the output control logic, by line 57.
  • the scanning line register 42 stores the data indicating the configuration by points or by video units of the first scan line of the pair, while the scan register 43 proceeds in the same way for the second line of the pair.
  • the pulse generator 75 sub. the control of the output control logic 53, provides a send pulse either to gate 58 associated with the scan register 43 or to gate 59 associated with the scan register 42.
  • the pulse generator conditions there port 58, for example, every 15 nanoseconds so that it lets pass the data coming from the scanning line register 43, along the bus 60 or else it conditions the door 59 so that it lets pass the data coming of the scan line register 42, along the bus 61.
  • the data indicating whether it is a display of video units or of points is transmitted by the bus 62, the delay line multiplexer 63 which provides the necessary interface delays, and the line 65, to the electronic display circuits 64 of the CRT cathode ray tube, from where they are transmitted to the video control 200 (figure 21) which applies the video configuration corresponding which appears on the CRT tube 13.
  • the output control logic 53 increments the address counter 51 by means of an appropriate signal on the line 66 in order to change the three-bit input coming from the address counter 51, via the bus 52, which has the effect of allowing the memories 47 and 48 of the character generator to respectively supply the following two scanning lines of the character area then scanned. Thereafter, the above procedure is repeated until the address of the next two scan lines in the character area is similarly obtained, which is repeated for the eight scan lines after which the character is to be displayed. Character formation is indicated by a signal on the bus 67 from either memory 47 or memory 48 of the character register. After which, the output control logic sends a new character request, on line 68, to the input control logic 24, and this logic 24 initiates the procedure described previously to obtain the next character from the RAM memory. 16 of the microprocessor.
  • the control logic of FIGS. 19 and 20 is provided with means for spatially placing the characters stored in a memory, such as that represented in FIG. 4, in which the information concerning the spatial position is stored sequentially. tially with the corresponding characters.
  • a spacing operation which is indicated by a spacing code, namely the spc code (0-255); the value in parentheses indicating the number of spaces.
  • the spacing code spc 150
  • the first entry coming from the RAM memory 16 in the direction of the entry register 28 is then the command code indicating a spacing operation.
  • the control logic 24 which examined the data present in the register 23, by the bus 27, determines that we are dealing with a spacing control code.
  • the next data byte that indicates the number 150 goes into the buffer 28 with the space control code, and is not loaded into the register of characters 46, but, on the other hand, passes into the spacing counter 69 which has been conditioned, via the gate 71 and the line 70, by the spacing command code present in the command register 147.
  • the counter 69 is then decremented by the 480 nanosecond clock, 72 (which corresponds to the exhaust speed). As long as there is an account in the counter 69, a signal is applied, via line 73, to the output control logic 53 which, in turn, inhibits the pulse generator 75.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 Another embodiment of a display system will now be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18, embodiment in which the organization of the memory providing the means of sequential access storage of the coded representations of the displayed characters , is divided into two memory units, namely, a matrix memory unit which stores only the data representing the positions of the displayed characters, as shown in FIG. 2, unit in which the bit positions "1" correspond spatially to the positions respective alphanumeric characters displayed on the CRT tube, and a second memory unit as shown in FIG. 3, in which the coded representations of the displayed characters are stored in the same sequence as that of the position information of FIG. 2 and , accordingly, following the same sequence as that of the character scan on the display tube.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 represent a modification of the control logic of FIGS. 19 and 20 for spatially placing the characters displayed using the two storage means which operate together in place of a single storage means.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 using the same reference numerals to designate the functional units which remain unchanged, the operation of these units will not be described again.
  • the following description will mainly relate to the additional or modified functional units.
  • a portion 116 of the RAM 16 contains a position matrix of the type illustrated in Figure 2.
  • Another portion 116 'of the RAM 16 contains character code data, as shown in Figure 3 , in sequential order, without any position information.
  • the input control logic 24 has the possibility of conditioning the address counter 19, via line 101, to address the memory section 116 ′, therefore, to load the memory- 16-bit buffer 28 of a sequence of control code and character code data, as previously described.
  • This data is ready to be applied to the character generator and then to the scan line register 42 and 43 under the control of the output control logic 53, as described above. alably with reference to FIG. 20.
  • the position at which each sequential character must be displayed is determined by the input control logic 24 which conditions the counter. addresses 119, through the conditioning line 100, so that it addresses the matrix memory unit 116.
  • the input control logic 24 sends the position data output from the matrix unit 116, through the through the input register 23, to the position register 102.
  • the following byte of position data from the unit 116 has been transferred to the position register 102.
  • the 480 nanosecond clock, 103 (which represents the escape speed) counts the eight bits of data loaded in the position register 102 (each of these bits representing a character position) until either reaches a bit "1" which determines only one character should be displayed at the character position represented by the bit "1".
  • a character signal is sent on line 104 to the output control logic 53 (FIG. 18).
  • the output control logic 53 actuates the pulse generator 75, which, in turn, conditions the doors 58 and 59 to allow the next character stored in the ROS memory 47 and in the ROS memory 48 of the generator of characters to be displayed on the CRT 13 cathode ray tube at the position represented by the bit "1" of the data byte from the position memory unit 116 of the CRT 13 tube as described previously with reference to the figure 20.
  • the command register 105 controls the electronic circuits 64 of the CRT display tube, by means of signals on the lines. 106 and 107 in order to subject the displayed character to a half-spacing upwards and to a half-spacing downwards.
  • FIG. 12 shows a portion of the CRT tube on which is displayed a page portion carrying alphanumeric data with proportional spacing.
  • "Proportally spaced data” means data that is evenly spaced regardless of the width of the characters.
  • the character areas that is to say, the width of the escape reserved for the particular character at the particular display position, must have a variable width.
  • the character zones at each display position corresponded to five escape units each corresponding to a time of 480 nanoseconds.
  • the width of the character zones can be any, ranging from three to seven of these 480 nanosecond escape units.
  • a position matrix memory unit to store the spatial arrangement of the characters, it is necessary to use a matrix, of the type represented in FIG. 13, in which it is not the position of the character which is represented by a single bit, but each spacing unit.
  • there is no character there is simply a string of 0 to the next escape position where the presence of a "1" indicates the beginning of a character.
  • each spacing can be represented by a chain of zinq "0" representing five escape units
  • the character area reserved for narrow characters can comprise three escape units, namely, two bits “1 "followed by a bit” 0 "- as shown in figure 13 at 115, position which represents the narrow character” 1 "in the display of figure 12, or else four bits” 1 "followed by a bit” 0 " - as shown in FIG. 13 at 117, position which represents the character "S” of the display in FIG. 12.
  • the character "W” would be represented by seven exhaust units, namely, six " 1 "and the" zero "bit, this last bit used to delimit the characters between them.
  • the display control logic described previously with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18 operates in the manner described except, of course, that the character signal on line 104 in coming from the position register 102 to pass to the output control logic 53, simply signals that a portion of a character must be displayed at this escape position.
  • a character having a character zone of six escape positions a chain of five "1" is applied the control logic 53, by the signal line 104, while a narrow character occupying only three escape positions corresponds to a chain of two "1" applied by line 104 to the control logic 53.
  • the generator pulses is actuated to supply the previously described signals which condition the gates 58 and 59 to transmit the scan line configurations from the scan line registers 43 and 42.
  • the character generator i.e., ROS memories 47 and 48
  • the character generator provides the character configuration on fewer scan lines for a narrow character, and on more scan lines for a wide character.
  • the electronic display circuits CRT 64, FIG. 18 and 20, are shown in more detail in FIG. 21.
  • the main horizontal frame scanning circuit 202 applies a voltage to the deflection means 201 to carry out the main frame scanning 14 ( Figure 15) while the main vertical deflection circuit 203 applies a voltage to the CRT deflection means 204 to effect vertical displacement during the return of the frame shown in Figure 15.
  • the vertical subframe scanning circuit 205 applies , a signal, through the control amplifier 207, to allow the deflection means 206 to apply the vertical scanning subframe configuration 39 ( Figure 16) on the main horizontal deflection path 14 so to produce the sub-frame scanning configuration described previously with reference to FIG. 16.
  • the horizontal deflection during the return of these sweep lines Vertical ge is, of course, provided by the main horizontal deflection means 201 which is controlled by the main horizontal scanning circuit 202.
  • the vertical scan lines 39 are not entirely vertical. These vertical scanning lines and, consequently, the alphanumeric characters formed along these lines, are slightly inclined to the right which, of course, is the direction of the main horizontal deflection of the beam along the path of the horizontal frame. Thus, the constant horizontal speed of the beam prevents a rigorously vertical scanning. While this slight defect is tolerable and does not interfere with the reading of the alphanumeric display, it can be easily rectified possibly using the circuit shown in Figure 21. A portion of the voltage signal which is applied from the unit vertical subframe scanning device 205 by means of vertical deflection control 206 is applied to the control amplifier 208 and, consequently, to the horizontal deflection means 209 by closing the switch 210.
  • the control amplifier 208 allows the horizontal deflection means 209 to oppose the main horizontal deflection provided by the deflection means 201 during the display of a character. This causes the horizontal deflection to slow down enough during character formation for the vertical scan lines 39 ( Figure 21) to be vertical.
  • the switch 210 has only been given by way of example when there is incorporation of this correction apparatus into the fundamental display device. Thus, if this correction is required during operation, the switch 210 is of course replaced by a continuous connection.
  • the apparatus has the possibility of modifying the pitch for a single character or a single word over an entire line without having to modify the character generation logic or the coded representation of the various characters stored in the character generator.
  • a signal can be applied to the output control logic 53 (FIG. 18), after which the output control logic 53 produces on line 214 a signal which is applied to a ramp voltage generator 215 located in the electronic control circuits of the cathode-ray tube, FIG. 21.
  • the apparatus normally displays characters in steps of twelve, that is to say say that there are twelve characters per inch and that, when applying a signal on line 214, characters in steps of ten should be displayed.
  • the ramp voltage generator 215 of FIG. 21 is shown as being connected to the summation means 213, by the optional switch 216 (again, this switch is incorporated to show that these pitch modification means are optional.
  • the operation of the ramp voltage generator 215 and its effect on the acceleration of scanning by main horizontal frame are described with reference to FIG. 21 as well as to the timing diagram of FIG. 22.
  • the operation over time is such that when characters with twelve steps are to be displayed (it is assumed that these narrow characters have a normal width), the main horizontal deflection is such that, as mentioned previously, the horizontal scan traverses five units of exhaust 217, figure 22, every eight scan lines by vertical subframe This relationship is illustrated for the case of the initial character with twelve steps represented on the d Time diagram in Figure 22.
  • the signal on line 214 coming from the control logic 53 (FIG. 18) is applied to the generator 215 of FIG. 21 and causes the application of a higher voltage, via the voltage summing means 213, to the control amplifier 208 which controls the secondary horizontal deflection means 209.
  • the compensation means described previously supplied by the resistor 211 and the means of summation 213, a voltage also to be applied to the control amplifier 208. The two voltage levels are added in the summation means 213 to the voltage coming from the generator 215.
  • the net effect of the voltage level applied from the control amplifier 208 on the secondary horizontal deflection means 209 is sufficient to increase the speed of the horizontal movement to the level shown in FIG. 22 in the case of a character with a step of ten so that six units are traversed horizontal exhaust 217 'every eight vertical scan lines.

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  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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EP80102231A 1979-06-08 1980-04-25 Système d'affichage à balayage par trames et sous-trames Expired EP0020927B1 (fr)

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US46877 1979-06-08
US06/046,877 US4270124A (en) 1979-06-08 1979-06-08 Alphanumeric CRT display system with unitary character formation and refresh

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EP0020927A1 EP0020927A1 (fr) 1981-01-07
EP0020927B1 true EP0020927B1 (fr) 1984-08-08

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US4074254A (en) * 1976-07-22 1978-02-14 International Business Machines Corporation Xy addressable and updateable compressed video refresh buffer for digital tv display

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JPS55166685A (en) 1980-12-25
EP0020927A1 (fr) 1981-01-07
DE3068852D1 (en) 1984-09-13
JPS6146837B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1986-10-16
US4270124A (en) 1981-05-26

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