EP0020830B1 - Bauelement und ein solches Bauelement aufweisende Verbundplatte - Google Patents

Bauelement und ein solches Bauelement aufweisende Verbundplatte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0020830B1
EP0020830B1 EP79301193A EP79301193A EP0020830B1 EP 0020830 B1 EP0020830 B1 EP 0020830B1 EP 79301193 A EP79301193 A EP 79301193A EP 79301193 A EP79301193 A EP 79301193A EP 0020830 B1 EP0020830 B1 EP 0020830B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projections
sheet
structural
pattern
structural member
Prior art date
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Expired
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EP79301193A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0020830A1 (de
Inventor
Jr Robert Street Gladden
Richard Joseph Johnson
Michael John Karmazyn
Donald Lamont Tate
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Tate Architectural Products Inc
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Tate Architectural Products Inc
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Application filed by Tate Architectural Products Inc filed Critical Tate Architectural Products Inc
Priority to EP79301193A priority Critical patent/EP0020830B1/de
Priority to AT79301193T priority patent/ATE2452T1/de
Priority to DE7979301193T priority patent/DE2964703D1/de
Publication of EP0020830A1 publication Critical patent/EP0020830A1/de
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Publication of EP0020830B1 publication Critical patent/EP0020830B1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
    • E04C2/326—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material with corrugations, incisions or reliefs in more than one direction of the element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/024—Sectional false floors, e.g. computer floors
    • E04F15/02405—Floor panels
    • E04F15/02417—Floor panels made of box-like elements
    • E04F15/02423—Floor panels made of box-like elements filled with core material

Definitions

  • access flooring comprised a modular embodiment of rigid structural floor panels supported on pedestal columns and frequently requiring beam-like stringer members spanned between said columns for edge reinforcement.
  • Typical assemblies were installed on top of a supporting subfloor, thus providing an adequate and secluded space to accommodate an array of power cables and the like beneath the readily accessible floor panels.
  • This underfloor space or cavity also serves well as a distributions plenum for conditioned air.
  • Change in location and frequent servicing of computerised equipment in an access floor environment requires repetitive physical handling of the interconnecting cables and is accomplished quite easily by the temporary removal of such modular panels. Subsequently, the underfloor cavity is exposed for complete freedom to perform any task within the maze of previously hidden wiring. When such work is finished, the modular panels fit quickly and easily back into their original position, thereby returning the area to a totally unobstructed and uniform top floor surface.
  • the modular floor panels be substantially rigid, such that when loaded they do not appreciably allow flexure or retain permanent set once flexed, so that the access floor is uniformly flat and all panels are in a common plane.
  • some of the earlier panels were made of substantially reinforced metal encased wood and heavy metallic castings but this has been appreciably abandoned in favour of lighter weight, high strength metal sandwich panels of which the panel comprising the subject matter of U.S. Patent No. 3 236 018, to Graham et al. dated February 22, 1966, is an example which is popular, is still being produced and is used extensively in the industry.
  • An earlier example of light weight, metal constructional panels is to be found in U.S. Patent No.
  • the strategic dimensional relationship is a combination of considerations of five major characteristics of the projections and their interrelation; namely (1) depth of projections for needed section modulus and moment of inertia; (2) diameter of projections to obtain their needed depth; (3) distance between the centre-lines of projections for sufficient top sheet support; (4) strategic positioning of projections to repeatedly block clear lines of vision throughout the member; and (5) remaining bottom surface material adequate to perform as a stress member and also develop necessary section modulus and moment of inertia.
  • Prior art has failed to combine and/or incorporate one or more of these five structurally significant characteristics and has, therefore accomplished a less than optimum one-piece structural member which, when combined with a top sheet, does not provide an economical metal sandwich construction of desired comparable strength-to-weight ratio or structure efficiency.
  • the prime object of this invention is to form, within a single sheet, a structurally efficient combination core and bottom stress member which when affixed to a planar top member surpasses the combined strength, rigidity, and economics of prior art.
  • One of the principal objects of the invention is to provide a structural member comprising a one-piece rigid member formed from a sheet of structural material having formed therefrom a plurality of elongated dome-like projections extending from the plane of the said sheet, being arranged in substantially perpendicular basket weave pattern having a strategic dimensional relationship between the dimensions of said projections and the distances therebetween such that the projections repeatedly block straight lines of vision laterally in all directions across said sheet, said one piece member being capable of resistance to flexure, said elongate projections each comprising two substantially hemispherical portions connected by a saddle portion forming a generally figure 8 configuration, and portions of said member which are intermediate said elongate projections comprising continuous structural ribbon-like stress sections of fluctuating width and being arcuate in plane view and capable of optimising stress-resisting integrity of said structural member.
  • said projections which form the pair which resemble a figure 8 are arranged in said sheet in a structurally strategic geometric pattern of which rows of pairs of dome-like projections are in a straight line in any direction and said rows are in a perpendicular basket weave pattern relative to each other. Said pattern repeatedly blocks straight lines of clear vision in all directions across said sheet and therefore, the occurrence of said projections in said sheet is such that the spaces between adjacent projections is inadequate to accommodate another similar projection. Said projections are spaced from each other a limited distance to provide therebetween intermediate continuous structural ribbon-like stress-sustaining sections of fluctuating width capable of optimising stress-resisting integrity with the same being arcuate in plan view and extending between the opposite edges of said sheet to sustain the stresses under load conditions.
  • Such a structural member may be utilised in the manufacture of composite sections, such as access flooring, decking, or other structures which require economical high strength-to-weight ratios and structural efficiency. Additionally, they can provide structural components as in the construction of walls and other reinforcements where the individual sheet is utilised as an intermediate core member, or by itself, as a flexure-resisting component. Such one-piece structural members readily satisfy demands and applications in such marketable products as roofing, decks, wall constructions and a variety of other applications to provide structural efficiency.
  • An additional object of the invention is to maintain said arcuate structural ribbon-like stress sections in their original shape under stress by the circular configuration of said projections converting load stresses, which would tend to straighten said sections, into hoop stresses around said projections, thereby resisting said tendency to straighten said sections.
  • a further object of the invention is to isolate any reduction in material thickness to substantially within the formed area of the configurations themselves. This leaves optimum material in the stress-sustaining sections located where maximum section properties can be developed.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide repeated blockage of clear lines of sight across said sheet in all directions. This is accomplished by several embodiments of patterns of projections, which are paired to form the elongated configuration, such as when the projections formed in a sheet of material are combined in groups of four and arranged in a rhombus pattern of a structurally strategic dimensional relationship between the diameter of said projections and the centre-to-centre distance therebetween, and adjacent rhomboidal patterns are positioned in a close perpendicular basket weave orientation.
  • Said basket weave orientation in a structurally strategic geometic pattern also is produced by rows of pairs of equally-spaced in-line projections being interwoven perpendicularly with other such rows of pairs in a basket weave fashion, so that the portions of a centre line of a row of pairs of projections that lies between two aligned pairs bisects the pairs thereof in transverse rows, as shown by dotted lines in Figure 8 and also provides sufficient pattern density to block straight lines of clear vision repeatedly in all directions across said sheet to form a one-piece rigid structural member capable of resistance to flexure.
  • blocking is accomplished by arranging a plurality of configurations in close proximity to each other within the pattern in which certain of said configurations resembling a figure 8 are combined with others which are circular in cross-section, at least a major portion of the circumference of all projections are circular in plan view with the combinations of said configurations and projections in said sheet being such as to repeatedly block straight lines of clear vision across said sheet.
  • blockage is accomplished by including at least one drawn section formed from the original planar sheet in the same direction as said configurations, said drawn section having an area larger than said configurations surrounding said pattern. The arrangements of said configurations, projections and drawn section are designed so as to repeatedly block clear lines of vision across said sheet.
  • the blocking of clear lines of sight repeatedly across said sheet provide a structural member of increased resistance to flexure due to increased structural efficiency, and when combined with a planar top sheet becomes an economical composite structural unit of substantially greater strength than one in which lines of clear vision are present around which the structural unit can be flexed.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide the location of said configurations and projections in such a manner that a composite unit which is resistant to flexure is substantially isotropic, whereby said unit when penetrated by an opening of limited cross-section located inward from the edges is resistant to flexure due to the resulting stresses in said unit when under load being redirected around said opening.
  • This provides a unit which can be utilised as an access floor panel or other wall panel uses in which ready penetration can be made without significant reduction in the structural integrity of the unit in order to provide penetrations for cables, pipes, or other accesses as needed in the construction industry.
  • Another further important object of the invention is to combine any of the previously described patterns of configurations and projections in a structural member with a flat sheet of structural material of similar size and shape and fixedly connect the upper ends of said projections to said flat sheet to form a composite structural panel in which said sheet of said panel is disposed uppermost in use, thereby forming load-carrying composite structures usable in many industrial applications.
  • a still further object is utilisation of this composite structural member in the fabrication of access floor panels wherein the perimeter of said structural member has the outer edge portions formed at right angles to said member to provide a continuous bracing flange around the panel of a given finite size to provide a panel which can be selectively supported at the edges or corners thereof and which can accept substantial uniform or concentrated loads, such as those seen in access flooring applications.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide an integral perimeter lip bent outward from said peripheral bracing flange to provide an additional connection between said member and said top sheet which is utilised as a stiffened lip by which the access floor panel can be selectively supported at the corners or along the perimeter to develop an access floor system in combination with pedestals and/or stringers.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide said peripheral bracing flange with a greater transverse depth relative to said intermediate portion of said structural member between said projections, and in which said depth is greater than the height of said configurations and projections and a portion extending in the opposite direction from said configurations and projections and another portion extending in the same direction as said configurations and projections to provide a perimeter of increased strength and resistance to flexure, especially when utilised as an access floor panel without the use of secondary members, such as stringers or more complicated panel-to-panel hard connecting devices to prevent edge-to-edge movement.
  • Another object is to form said structural member in such manner that all surfaces of said configurations and projections and the junctures thereof with said intermediate structural stress sections in the original plane of said sheet are free from sharp edges or bends whereby there are no areas or portions in said sheet which comprise corners or other shapes which normally tend to pucker or otherwise resist formation of smoothly stretched areas when formed from planar sheets and subjected to shaping by dies.
  • One further object of said invention is to provide a structural member which can be combined with a similar member and fixedly connected, end-to-end, to provide a composite core structure which can be utilised in industrial application, especially where high strength-to-weight ratio properties are desired and which do not necessarily require a flat planar sheet.
  • Flat planar sheets may be added to this composite structure if desired.
  • the most important part of the present invention comprises a one-piece structural member formed from a sheet of industrial material which preferably comprises metal, such as steel, for example, but for certain applications of the invention, other industrial material, such as certain plastics, may be employed.
  • a sheet of such industrial materials is subjected to appropriate punches and dies respectively for forming a plurality of any one of a number of different shapes, kinds, and patterns of configurations and projections, details of which are described hereinafter, said configurations and projections preferably extending from one surface of the sheet of material and all the upper ends of said configurations and projections preferably being substantially within the same plane.
  • all surfaces of the major portion of the sheet are smoothly curved and are free from sharp angles or bends which otherwise would comprise corners or other shapes which normally tend to pucker or resist formation of smoothly stretched areas when formed from a planar sheet and subjected to shaping by such punches and dies.
  • the formed sheet is substantially imperforate.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown therein a fragmentary section of a sheet 10 of structural material, which initially is planar and the same is subjected to a set of dies to form therein a plurality of projections 12 which, as will be seen from Figures 2 and 3, are dome-shaped, are substantially hemispherical in cross-section, arranged in pairs and connected by a saddle portion 38 which as shown in cross-section in Figures 2 and 3 does not usually project as far from the original plane of sheet 10 as the pair of projections 12. From Figure 1 it will be seen that the resulting elongated configuration 40 in plan view closely resembles a figure 8, peanut-like shape.
  • This arrangement provides one embodiment of configurations which adapts itself to being disposed in patterns, such as shown in one examplary manner in Figure 1, in which said configurations are in close relationship to each other, the end of one configuration 40 interfits with the adjacent configurations 40, thereby repeatedly blocking straight lines of vision laterally in all directions across sheet 10.
  • said projections which form the pairs which resemble a figure 8 are arranged in said sheet in a structurally strategic geometric pattern of which rows of pairs of equally-spaced in-line projections are interwoven perpendicularly in basket weave fashion, and as further illustrated diagrammatically by broken lines in Figure 8, the portions of a centreline of a row of pairs that lies between two aligned pairs bisecting the pairs thereof in rows transverse thereto.
  • Said projections are spaced a limited distance from each other so as to provide therebetween sections of the original sheet which are arcuate as indicated by the exemplary somewhat sinuous diagrammatic line 14, which outlines the intermediate continuous planar structural ribbon-like stress sections 16 of the original sheet 10.
  • the projections 12 are arranged in said sheet in such manner that only a limited number, such as pairs of evenly-spaced projections, are disposed in what might be considered a straight line and, preferably, the projections are disposed in patterns in which a preferred arrangement, such as perpendicular basket weave configuration, shown diagrammatically in Figure 8, which also constitutes rhombus configurations denoted by the diagrammatic figures 18 as shown in Figure 16, which in turn, extend between the centres of the projections 12. It will also be seen that said patterns touch each other at points, whereby the illustration clearly shows the relatively saturated occurrence of the projections 12 within the sheet 10, while at the same time, permitting the occurrence of the intermediate stress sections 16 between the individual, adjacent projections 12.
  • the patterns 18 of the projections 12 comprise a structurally strategic geometric pattern of a density which repeatedly blocks straight lines of clear vision in all directions across the sheet and thereby, in accordance with a major objective of the present invention, this feature provides maximum rigidity to the structural member comprising sheet 10 with the configurations 40 and projections 12 formed therein due to the inter-relationship of the diameter of the projections and the centre-to-centre distance between adjacent projections.
  • the projections 12 in dome-like configuration of a thickness no greater than that of the original sheet are readily capable of being formed to a substantial height from the original plane of the sheet 10 in which, for example, the intermediate stress sections 16 are disposed as shown in an examplary manner in Figure 4 and also in Figure 5, whereby the uppermost portions of the projections 12 are thinner than the lower portions thereof, while the intermediate stress sections 16 preferably retain optimum material, thereby providing maximum stress-resisting capabilities.
  • the formed structural member comprising the sheet 10 with the configurations 40 formed therein may be produced by a simple form die arrangement.
  • the shape of the projections 12 also is capable of being formed without rupture or shearing and, it desired, the resulting product may be imperforate.
  • the structural member when the structural member is employed in either a structural unit or finished structural panel through which, for example, cable cut-outs or the like are desired, the structural member per se may be provided with suitable openings of limited diameter in appropriate locations through both the intermediate stress sections 16 or the outer ends, for example, of the projections 12, when desired, without detracting from the stress-resisting capabilities of the structural member, due to the isotropic properties of the unit.
  • the structural member comprising the sheet 10 and the configurations 40 formed therein is combined with a second planar sheet 20. Due to the fact that the upper ends of the projections 12 are substantially within a common plane, when the sheet 20 is abutted commonly with said outer ends of the projections 12, it may be secured to said upper ends by any appropriate means, such as welding, rivets, industrial adhesives, direct fusion, or any other known means of suitable nature, by which the planar sheet 20 is fixedly connected to said projections 12.
  • the edges of a finite shape and size of the sheet 10 with the configurations therein are bent upwardly at a right angle to form a reinforcing bracing flange 26 which has the same vertical dimension as the height of the projections 12 and, additionally, in the embodiments shown in Figures 4-8, the terminal edge portion of the bracing flange 26, which is continuous around all four sides of the composite panel, is bent outwardly at a right angle thereto to form preferably a continuous lip 28, the upper surface of which is in a plane common with that of the upper ends of the projections 12, whereby the second planar sheet 20 commonly abuts the upper surface of the lip 28 and the upper ends of all of the projections 12, it being understood that the planar sheet 20 also will be of substantially the same finite shape and size as that of the embodiment of structural member 30 to which it is fixedly connected.
  • the composite structural panel 24 shown therein is similar to the panel shown in Figures 4 and 6, except that the bracing flange 32 thereof is of a greater depth than the height of the projections 12 of the configurations 40 and is formed by means of depressing the peripheral sections 34 of the additional embodiment of structural member 36 from the remaining portions of the basic sheet 10 in a direction opposite to that from which the projections 12 extend, thereby producing a portion which extends oppositely to projections 12 and wherein said bracing flange 32 extends in the same direction as the projections 12 and is of greater vertical dimension than the flange 26 in the embodiment of Figure 4.
  • the resulting composite structural panel 24, shown in Figures 5 and 7, particularly adapts this embodiment of structural panel to provide support, especially by the corners thereof.
  • the intermediate stress sections 16 of the embodiments of the invention shown in the foregoing figures are arcuate and somewhat sinuous in plan view, said stress sections are maintained in said configuration and are capable of not being moved therefrom when subjected to stress due to the fact that the circular configuration of the projections 12 in cross-section converts load stress to hoop stress adjacent to the opposite sides of said stress section.
  • a circular hoop is the strongest configuration for resisting deformation from its original shape when forces are supplied radially around the circumference thereof.
  • the arcuate intermediate stress sections 16 extend substantially around all sides of the circular projections 12 and thereby utilise the hoop stress property of such projections advantageously for the stated purpose with respect to the stress sections 16.
  • the major portion of the perimeters especially the perimeters of the opposite end portions of the configurations 40, are circular in plan view, thereby providing the aforementioned hoop stress which serves to maintain the intermediate stress sections 16.
  • This is represented by the diagrammatic lines 14 in Figure 1 which illustrate the sinuous shape thereof even when the sheet 10 is subjected to loads.
  • the arcuate intermediate stress sections 16 may have the effectiveness thereof increased by forming in at least certain of said sections 16 an additional embossed rib 56, several of which are illustrated in an exemplary manner in Figure 10, and also in cross-section in Figure 11, the latter figure being on a larger scale than that used in Figure 10.
  • the embossed ribs 56 generally follow the shape of the arcuate, ribbon-like intermediate stress sections 16.
  • FIG. 12 and 13 Still another embodiment of patterns of projections which may be employed in accordance with the principles of the invention is illustrated in Figures 12 and 13, in which a fragmentary section of a sheet of structural material 10 is shown, and this particular illustration embodies a mixture of different shapes of configurations and projections which are more extensively illustrated in certain of the preceding figures, and also the circular configurations 12, which similarly, are illustrated more extensively in certain of the preceding figures.
  • the embodiment shown in Figures 12 and 13 also include a still further projection comprising a section 58, which is drawn from the original plane of the structural sheet 10, the drawn section 58 being of the same depth with respect to sheet 10, as the configurations 40 and the projections 12, the same being surrounded in a pattern of such projections and configurations but in a manner so that the entire pattern repeatedly blocks straight lines of clear vision between any of the sides of the structural member when viewed along a plane parallel to the intermediate stress sections 16.
  • FIG. 14 and 15 Still another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figures 14 and 15 with regard both to structural members 30 and 34 and similar structural members 42 and 44, as well as to the composite structural panels 22 and 24 in which they respectively are included.
  • This embodiment comprises terminating the bracing flanges 26 and 28 in these respective structural members and composite structural panels at the upper ends and omit the lips 28 thereon, thus butting the upper ends of the flanges directly against the adjacent surfaces of the top planar sheets 20 in said members and panels and connecting said upper ends of the flanges fixedly to the perimeters of said top planar sheets which also terminate at the vertical plane of the outside surfaces of said bracing flanges, as clearly shown in Figures 14 and 15. Under such circumstances, when the structural panels thus formed are used in an access floor, the outer surfaces of said bracing flanges of adjacent panels closely interfit in the overall access floor.
  • FIGs 16 and 17 Still a further embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figures 16 and 17, and similarly to the embodiment illustrated in Figures 10 and 11, increases the effectiveness of the arcuate intermediate stress sections 16.
  • additional protrusions 60 are formed in stress sections 16 between configurations 40 and of less height than projections 12.
  • projections 12 are positioned in a manner that form rhombus configurations denoted by diagrammatic figures 18.
  • the additional protrusions 60 are preferably positioned in the centre of the squared areas 62 between the rhombus patterns 18 and are sized so as to retain a planar portion of each stress section 16, said portions being located between protrusions 60 and projections 12 forming the corners of the squared areas 62.
  • inventions 16 and 17 can be advantageous in specialised applications requiring a small but, nevertheless increased rigidity of the embodiment of Figure 8, but could be undesirable if the application was such that an increased section depth was undesirable.
  • protrusions 60 were formed in stress sections 16 and extended from the sheet in a direction opposite to the projections 12, the increased thickness of the sheet might render it undesirable in those installations requiring small clearance between sub-floor and panel.
  • the present invention provides a plurality of embodiments of structural members and composite structural panels which include the same and in which such panels are relatively of light weight and embody optimisation of support by utilising the most effective strength-to-weight ratio and structural efficiency and embodying maximum resistance to deflection, as well as resistance to indentation of the planar top sheet of such panels due to the frequency of structural support therefor by projections in the structural members included therein.
  • Strength-to-weight ratio in the context of the present invention, is used to related deflection under a given load to the mass weight of the material. Expressed as the following formula: the result is a numerical performance ratio, expressed as a percentage of access floor unit #1 (prior art) to access floor unit #2 (present invention).
  • Data employed in the formula for the present invention is an average of 3 random samples taken from a test run, and data for panels of the prior art is derived from sample panels available on the market.
  • the "structural efficiency ratio” is a comparative ratio that relates deflection, mass weight, and section depth. In essence, it is a measure of the efficiency of the panel section in its utilisation of the mass of the material. Expressed as the following formula: the result is a numerical structural efficiency ratio, expressed as a percentage of access floor unit #1 (prior art) to access floor unit #2 (present invention).
  • the data employed in the formula for the present invention is an average of three sample panels taken from a test run and the data for the prior art panel is derived from sample panels available on the market.
  • test method was identical for all panels tested. Three panels were selected at random from a test run of panels of the present invention and were tested along with commercially available sample panels available on the market. Each panel was placed on rigid pedestal supports without the use of edge stringers. Concentrated loads of identical magnitude were applied to the centre of the panel and at mid-span of the perimeter. Deflection readings were recorded from the bottom of the panel directly under the load. All panels were reloaded with deflection recorded again. On each loading sequence, the permanent set was also recorded.
  • the following chart expresses relative "strength-to-weight” and "structural efficiency” ratios. The differences in these parameters are stated as a percentage improvement of the performance of panels of the present invention. Note that the present invention had performances superior to prior art panels and/or panels presently available on the market. As a base, the average weight of the panels of the present invention was 9.2 kg.
  • the present invention demonstrates a dramatic improvement in structural efficiency and strength-to-weight ratios over all available prior art panels and panels currently being marketed.
  • the present invention offers a reduction in material usage over all panels to which it was compared. It provides improved resistance to flexure when loaded and utilised as an access floor panel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Claims (21)

1. Struktureller Körper, mit einem einstückigen festen Körper, der aus einer Platte aus strukturellem Werkstoff gebildet ist, welche eine Anzahl von gleichen kuppelförmigen Vorsprüngen (40) aufweist, die sich aus der Ebene dieser Platte erheben, im wesentlichen in einem senkrechten Leinwandbindungsmuster angeordnet sind und eine operative Abmessungsbeziehung zwischen den Abmessungen der Vorsprünge und deren Abständen derart aufweisen, daß die Vorsprünge von der Seite aus gesehen gerade Sichtlinien in allen Richtungen quer über die Platte wiederholt blockieren, wobei der einstückige feste Körper gegen Biegung widerstandsfähig ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder dieser länglichen Vorsprünge (40) zwei im wesentlichen halbkugelförmige Teile (12) aufweist, die durch einen Sattelteil (38) miteinander verbunden sind und im wesentlichen die Gestalt der Ziffer 8 bilden, und daß Teile der Platte, die zwischen den länglichen Vorsprüngen angeordnet sind, einen fortlaufenden strukturellen bandförmigen Beanspruchungsteil veränderlicher Breite haben und in Draufsicht gesehen gebogen ausgebildet und fähig sind, den der Belastung widerstehenden Zusammenhalt des strukturellen Körpers zu optimieren.
2. Körper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die länglichen Vorsprünge (40) in einem strukturellen operativen geometrischen Muster angeordnet sind, in welchem Reihen von in gleichen Abständen angeordneten Paaren von in Reihe liegenden Vorsprüngen mit anderen solchen Reihen von Paaren in einer Art Leinwandbindung senkrecht durchwoben sind, so daß der Teil einer Mittellinie einer Reihe von Vorsprungspaaren, die zwischen zwei ausgerichteten Paaren liegen, die Paare davon in quer angeordneten Reihen halbieren, und daß die Vorsprünge eine ausreichende Musterdichte aufweisen, um gerade Sichtlinien in allen Richtungen quer über die Platte (10) wiederholt zu blockieren.
3. Körper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens der größere Teil der Vorsprünge (40) in Draufsicht auch in Gruppen zu vier kombiniert und in einem Rhombusmuster angeordnet ist und daß die einander benachbarten Rhombusmuster in einer engen senkrechten Leinwandbindung angeordnet sind, wobei diese Vorsprünge wiederholt gerade Sichtlinien blockieren.
4. Körper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Versteifungsvorsprünge (60) in der Platte innerhalb der Bereiche zwischen den Rhombusmustern der Vorsprünge zu einer Tiefe geringer als die Tiefe der Vorsprünge geformt sind.
5. Körper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die länglichen Vorsprünge (40) innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Musters nahe beieinander liegen, mit denen zusätzliche, im Querschnitt kreisförmige Vorsprünge (12') in der Platte kombiniert sind, um wiederholt gerade Sichtlinien quer über die Platte in allen Richtungen durch das Muster der länglichen Vorsprünge und der anderen Vorsprünge zu blockieren.
6. Körper nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich mindestens ein gezogener Teil (58) vorgesehen ist, dar von der ursprünglichen Platte in der gleichen Richtung wie die länglichen Vorsprünge aus der Platte gezogen ist, daß mindestens dieser Teil einen Bereich hat, der größer ist als die länglichen Vorsprünge und in diesen Mustern durch zusätzliche, in Draufsicht kreisförmige Vorsprünge umgeben ist, wobei die Anordnung dieser länglichen Vorsprünge und des gezogenen Teiles des gesamten Musters so gewählt sind, daß sie die geraden Sichtlinien quer über diese Platte in allen Richtungen durch dieses Muster wiederholt blockieren.
7. Körper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Oberflächen der länglichen Vorsprünge und die Verbindungen davon mit den dazwischen liegenden strukturellen Beanspruchungsteilen in der ursprünglichen Ebene der Platte frei von scharfen Winkeln oder Biegungen sind, wodurch keine Bereiche oder Teile in dieser Platte vorhanden sind, welche Ecken oder andere scharfe Kanten aufweisen, welche üblicherweise zum Faltenziehen neigen oder in anderer Weise der Bildung glattgestreckter Bereiche widerstehen, wenn der Körper aus einer Platte gebildet und der Verformung durch einen Stempel und ein Gesenk unterworfen wird.
8. Körper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein zweiter struktureller Körper (20) vorgesehen ist, an dem die äußeren Enden der Vorsprünge des ersten strukturellen Körpers zur Bildung einer zusammengesetzten strukturellen Einheit fest angebracht sind, die Biegung widersteht, wobei diese Vorsprünge als Gewölbe zur Verhinderung einer Biegung dienen und die halbkugelförmige Gestalt dieser Vorsprünge einen Widerstand gegen deren Zusammenbrechen bilden.
9. Körper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der strukturelle Werkstoff Stahl ist.
10. Zusammengesetzte strukturelle Einheit, mit einem einstückigen steifen strukturellen Körper, der aus einer Platte (10) aus struckturellem Werkstoff gebildet ist, in dem eine Anzahl gleicher länglicher kuppelförmiger Vorsprünge (40) von nicht größerer Dicke als die Platte geformt sind, die sich aus der Ebene der Platte erheben und die im wesentlichen in einem Muster einer senkrechten Leinwandbindung angeordnet sind, eine operative Abmessungsbeziehung zwischen den Abmessungen der Vorsprünge und den Abständen dazwischen aufweisen und bei denen in Draufsicht gesehen das Ende einer der länglichen Vorsprünge mit benachbarten Vorsprüngen (40) zusammenpaßt, die mit zusätzlichen, im Querschnitt kreisförmigen Vorsprüngen (12') kombiniert sind, wodurch wiederholt gerade Sichtlinien von der Seite her in allen Richtungen quer über die Platte wiederholt blockiert werden, wodurch ein einstückiger steifer struktureller Körper gebildet wird, der Biegebeanspruchungen widerstehen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder dieser länglichen Vorsprünge (40) zwei im wesentlichen halbkugelförmige Teile (46) aufweist, die durch einen Sattelteil (38) miteinander verbunden sind und im wesentlichen die Gestalt der Ziffer 8 haben, und daß Teile seines Körpers (10), welche zwischen diesen länglichen Vorsprüngen (40) und den zusätzlichen kreisförmigen Vorsprüngen (12') liegen, fortlaufende strukturelle bandförmige Beanspruchungsteile veränderlicher Breite bilden, die in Draufsicht gebogen sind und fähig sind, den beanspruchungsverhindernden Zusammenhalt des strukturellen Körpers (10) derart zu optimieren, daß Teile, die sich zwischen den einander gegenüberliegenden Rändern der Platte befinden, in der Lage sind, einen Widerstand gegenüber Lastbeanspruchungen über den ganzen strukturellen Körper aufrechtzuerhalten, und auch durch die Vorsprünge in der Lage, die bestimmte Gestalt beizubehalten, wenn sie unter Belastung kommen, wodurch deren Bewegung verhindert wird, und daß eine ebene Platte (20) vorgesehen ist, welche an den äußeren Enden der Vorsprünge befestigt und mit dem strukturellen Körper verbunden ist, wodurch eine zusammengesetzte strukturelle Einheit gebildet ist, in welcher eine Optimierung der Unterstützung gegenüber dem Festigkeits-Gewichts-Verhältnis und eine strukturelle Qualität erreicht wird, wodurch, wenn diese ebene Platte (10) einer Belastung ausgesetzt wird, diese Vorsprünge (40, 12') als Gewölbe zur Verhinderung des Biegens dienen und die halbkugelförmige Gestalt der Vorsprünge einen Widerstand gegen deren Zusammenbrechen bildet.
11. Einheit nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Muster der Vorsprünge (40, 12) und deren Bildung aus der Platte einen Widerstand gegenüber Biegung in der strukturellen Einheit erzeugt, welche im wesentlichen isotropisch ist, wenn diese Einheit durch eine Öffnung von begrenztem Querschnitt durchdrungen wird, die innerhalb deren Rändern angeordnet ist, wobei im wesentlichen ihr Widerstand gegenüber Biegen ohne gerichtete Schwäche aufgrund der resultierenden Beanspruchung in dieser Einheit unter Last erhalten bleibt, wenn diese um diese Öffnung umgeleitet wird.
12. Einheit nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens die Mehrzahl der länglichen Vorsprünge (40) in Draufsicht auch in Gruppen zu vier kombiniert und in einem Rhombusmuster angeordnet ist und daß die einander benachbarten Rhombusmuster in einer engen senkrechten Leinwandbindung angeordnet sind, wobei diese Vorsprünge wiederholt die geraden Sichtlinien blockieren.
13. Einheit nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Versteifungsvorsprünge (60) in der Platte innerhalb der Bereiche zwischen den Rhombusmustern der Vorsprünge (40) zu einer Tiefe geringer als die Tiefe der Vorsprünge geformt sind.
14. Einheit nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein gezogener Teil (58) vorgesehen ist, der von der ursprünglichen ebenen Platte in der gleichen Richtung wie die länglichen Vorsprünge (40) aus der Platte gezogen ist, daß dieser Teil einen Bereich hat, der größer ist als die länglichen Vorsprünge und in diesen Mustern durch zusätzliche, in Draufsicht kreisförmige Vorsprünge (12) umgeben ist, wobei die Anordnung dieser länglichen Vorsprünge und des gezogenen Teiles (58) des gesamten Musters so gewählt sind, daß die geraden Sichtlinien quer über diese Platte in allen Richtungen durch dieses Muster wiederholt blockiert werden.
15. Einheit nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich eine zusätzliche Rippe (56) zwischen den gebogenen Körpern zur Vergrößerung der Festigkeit der strukturellen Einheit im Widerstand gegen Biegung unter Beanspruchung erstreckt.
16. Einheit nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die strukturelle Einheit von einer vorgegebenen endlichen Größe ist und weiterhin Teile des ursprünglichen ebenen Werkstoffes aufweist, welcher einen Umfangsrand einschließt, der sich im rechten Winkel zu dieser Platte zur Bildung eines kontinuierlichen Versteifungsrandes (32) rund un den Umfang der Strukturellen Einheit erstreckt, und daß Mittel vorgesehen sind, die die ebene Platte mit dem Umfangsrand verbinden, worin die Oberflächen der oberen Enden der Vorsprünge (40) eine feste Platte bilden, die so ausgebildet ist, daß sie wahlweise an ihren Rändern oder Ecken abgestützt werden kann, und geeignet ist, im wesentlichen einheitliche oder konzentrierte Lasten ohne merkliche Durchbiegung oder dauerndes Setzen aufzunehmen.
17. Einheit nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennziechnet, daß der ringsum laufende Versteifungsflansch (32) eine größere Tiefe in Querrichtung hat als die Vorsprünge (40) hoch sind und einen Umfang vergrößerter Festigkeit bildet, daß der Umfang einen Teil (34) hat, der sich in Gegenrichtung zu den Vorsprüngen gegenüber der ursprünglichen Ebene der Platte erstreckt, und weiterhin einen zusätzlicheren Teil, der sich in der gleichen Richtung wie die Vorsprünge von der Originalebene der Platte erstreckt.
18. Einheit nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß äußere Enden der Randteile des gebildeten Versteifungsflansches (32) ebenfalls nach außen unter einem rechten Winkel zu dem Flansch abgebogen sind und eine Umfangslippe (28) parallel zu der Ebene der dazwischen liegenden Teile des Körpers zwischen den Vorsprüngen (40) bilden und daß Mittel zum festen Verbinden der Umfangslippe mit der Deckplatte (20) vorgesehen sind.
19. Einheit nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zusätzliche Teil in einem Flansch endet, der unter einem rechten Winkel zu dem zusätzlichen Teil zur Bildung einer Umfangslippe (28) parallel zur Ebene der dazwischen liegenden Teile des Körpers zwischen diesen Vorsprüngen (40) abgekantet ist, und daß weiterhin Mittel vorgesehen sind, um die Umfangslippen mit der oberen Deckplatte zu verbinden.
20. Einheit nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der strukturelle Werkstoff und die ebene Platte (20) aus Stahl bestehen.
21. Einheit nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ebene Platte (20) mit den äußeren Enden der Vorsprünge (40) durch Schweißen verbunden ist.
EP79301193A 1979-06-20 1979-06-20 Bauelement und ein solches Bauelement aufweisende Verbundplatte Expired EP0020830B1 (de)

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EP79301193A EP0020830B1 (de) 1979-06-20 1979-06-20 Bauelement und ein solches Bauelement aufweisende Verbundplatte
AT79301193T ATE2452T1 (de) 1979-06-20 1979-06-20 Bauelement und ein solches bauelement aufweisende verbundplatte.
DE7979301193T DE2964703D1 (en) 1979-06-20 1979-06-20 Structural member and composite panel including same

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EP79301193A EP0020830B1 (de) 1979-06-20 1979-06-20 Bauelement und ein solches Bauelement aufweisende Verbundplatte

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EP0020830B1 true EP0020830B1 (de) 1983-02-09

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4411121A (en) * 1981-02-02 1983-10-25 Tate Architectural Products, Inc. Structural member with truncated conical portion and composite panel including same
GB2187219A (en) * 1986-02-28 1987-09-03 Mallinson Denny Floor tile or panel with edge of base tray enfolded with edge of lid
US4753058A (en) * 1986-09-11 1988-06-28 Donn Incorporated Elevated floor panel and method of manufacturing same
JPH0656046B2 (ja) * 1988-08-05 1994-07-27 オーエム機器株式会社 フリーアクセス床板
AU645497B2 (en) * 1989-06-14 1994-01-20 Michael Ian Johnson High strength hollow lintel
CA2069310A1 (en) * 1989-10-11 1991-04-12 Michael Ian Johnson High strength structural members
CN114439590A (zh) * 2022-01-25 2022-05-06 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种耐高温排气管及其制备方法

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US1417664A (en) * 1919-10-13 1922-05-30 Blawknox Company Panel
FR1323237A (fr) * 1961-06-20 1963-04-05 Conch Int Methane Ltd Tôle gaufrée

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DE2964703D1 (en) 1983-03-17
ATE2452T1 (de) 1983-03-15

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