EP0018818A1 - Precipitation hardening copper alloys - Google Patents
Precipitation hardening copper alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0018818A1 EP0018818A1 EP80301407A EP80301407A EP0018818A1 EP 0018818 A1 EP0018818 A1 EP 0018818A1 EP 80301407 A EP80301407 A EP 80301407A EP 80301407 A EP80301407 A EP 80301407A EP 0018818 A1 EP0018818 A1 EP 0018818A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- copper alloy
- alloys
- precipitation hardenable
- chromium
- copper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
Definitions
- This invention relates to precipitation and . dispersion hardening copper alloys and more particularly to precipitation hardening copper alloys that combine good mechanical and electrical properties.
- copper alloys are not susceptible to improvement in hardness and strength by heat treatment processes.
- One useful exception to this is the copper-beryllium alloys which are precipitation or age hardenable. These copper alloys, typically containing between 1 and 2% beryllium, are useful because of their non magnetic properties, good electrical-conductivity, high tensile strength, high degree of hardness, and their ability to be cast, wrought, forged or drawn. 'Because of these properties they find utility in the manufacture of various 'types of scientific instruments, electrical contact points, coil springs, non magnetic cutting tools and the like.
- Copper beryllium alloys have useful mechanical and electrical properties, their cost is comparatively high due to the scarceness of beryllium in the earth's crust. Of even greater concern, however is that it is now recognized that beryllium is an extremely toxic material and is a hazardous carcinogen. This makes it difficult to process copper beryllium alloys with conventional techniques without creating danger to the health of workers and without violating exposure standards as set by various governmental health organisations. Copper-beryllium alloys present a health hazard not only at the time of manufacturing the alloy, but also in subsequent operations which give rise to air borne metallic oxide dust particles.
- copper base alloys also tend to be deficient in certain respects.
- brasses, phosphor bronzes, nickel silvers and most copper alloys obtain their property increases through cold working, which decreases formability in proportion to the amount of cold work.
- Other dispersion hardening alloys have insufficient electrical conductivity to be useful in electrical applications.
- This invention provides a beryllium-free precipitation hardenable copper alloy that has mechanical and electrical properties similar to those ordinarily only obtained with copper-beryilium alloys.
- the copper alloys of the invention combine useful properties of tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, formability, corrosion resistance and resistance to fatigue, and electrical conductivity.
- a copper-nickel alloy includes minor quantities of silicon, chromium and aluminum.
- nickel is required and the practical upper limit from the standpoint of electrical conductivity is 9%.
- the silicon, chromium and aluminum are all essential, at least in small amounts, of from 0.05% to 2%. Within these limits, a large number of alloys can be made. No specific percentages can be given as ideal since, as is so often the case, an increase or decrease in a particular component is a trade off of one desirable property for another and the exact formulation selected will depend on the end use requirements.
- the total amount of silicon, aluminum and chromium however, preferably does not exceed 2%.
- a typically useful alloy with a good average range of properties comprises 4.5% nickel, 0.5 to 0.7% aluminum and silicon and 0.25% chromium. It may also be desirable to add trace amounts (i.e. up to 0.01%) of incidental elements such as lithium, boron or phosphorous for deoxidizing or fluidity purposes.
- the alloys of this invention have a very complex structure of the various pseudo-binary systems with copper as the base component and the other elements combined in various combinations as the other phases.
- the alloy has increased solubility at elevated temperatures and this alpha state can be maintained by rapidly quenching to room temperature, thereby creating an unstable, super saturated condition that only requires the proper temperature to precipitate the hardening phases.
- the alloys of this invention are readily hardenable, which is a time/temperature related function. For example, maximum hardness can be obtained in less than 2 hours if the alloys are heated to about 400 C., but, this time can be reduced to only about 15 seconds at a temperature of about 750° C .
- Table I shows typical property values of the alloys according to the invention.
- alloys having the constitution shown in Table II were made in accordance with this invention using standard techniques.
- Table III shows the variation in properties obtained for the alloys of Table II. The property data listed was obtained after heat ageing at 450°C for the times shown.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
Abstract
A precipitation and dispersion hardening copper alloy which combines useful properties of high tensile and yield strength, proportional limit, modulus of elasticity, ductility and formability, corrosion resistance, high fatigue resistance and electrical conductivity comprises 2 to 9% nickel, 0.05 to 2% each of silicon, chromium and aluminum, the balance being copper and impurities.
Description
- This invention relates to precipitation and . dispersion hardening copper alloys and more particularly to precipitation hardening copper alloys that combine good mechanical and electrical properties.
- There are many applications in which a strong resilient part having good electrical conductivity is desired. Due to its excellent conductivity, copper would be an ideal metal to use were it not for its relatively poor mechanical properties such as comparative softness, low modulus of elasticity and low tensile and tensile yield strengths.
- Unlike many kinds of steel, most copper alloys are not susceptible to improvement in hardness and strength by heat treatment processes. One useful exception to this is the copper-beryllium alloys which are precipitation or age hardenable. These copper alloys, typically containing between 1 and 2% beryllium, are useful because of their non magnetic properties, good electrical-conductivity, high tensile strength, high degree of hardness, and their ability to be cast, wrought, forged or drawn. 'Because of these properties they find utility in the manufacture of various 'types of scientific instruments, electrical contact points, coil springs, non magnetic cutting tools and the like.
- While copper beryllium alloys have useful mechanical and electrical properties, their cost is comparatively high due to the scarceness of beryllium in the earth's crust. Of even greater concern, however is that it is now recognized that beryllium is an extremely toxic material and is a hazardous carcinogen. This makes it difficult to process copper beryllium alloys with conventional techniques without creating danger to the health of workers and without violating exposure standards as set by various governmental health organisations. Copper-beryllium alloys present a health hazard not only at the time of manufacturing the alloy, but also in subsequent operations which give rise to air borne metallic oxide dust particles.
- Other copper base alloys also tend to be deficient in certain respects. For example, brasses, phosphor bronzes, nickel silvers and most copper alloys obtain their property increases through cold working, which decreases formability in proportion to the amount of cold work. Other dispersion hardening alloys have insufficient electrical conductivity to be useful in electrical applications.
- This invention provides a beryllium-free precipitation hardenable copper alloy that has mechanical and electrical properties similar to those ordinarily only obtained with copper-beryilium alloys.
- The copper alloys of the invention combine useful properties of tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, formability, corrosion resistance and resistance to fatigue, and electrical conductivity.
- According to the invention, a copper-nickel alloy includes minor quantities of silicon, chromium and aluminum.
- To achieve the desired mechanical properties at least 2% nickel is required and the practical upper limit from the standpoint of electrical conductivity is 9%. The silicon, chromium and aluminum are all essential, at least in small amounts, of from 0.05% to 2%. Within these limits, a large number of alloys can be made. No specific percentages can be given as ideal since, as is so often the case, an increase or decrease in a particular component is a trade off of one desirable property for another and the exact formulation selected will depend on the end use requirements. The total amount of silicon, aluminum and chromium, however, preferably does not exceed 2%. A typically useful alloy with a good average range of properties comprises 4.5% nickel, 0.5 to 0.7% aluminum and silicon and 0.25% chromium. It may also be desirable to add trace amounts (i.e. up to 0.01%) of incidental elements such as lithium, boron or phosphorous for deoxidizing or fluidity purposes.
- Generally speaking, depending upon the end use application, it is desired to provide a conductivity of at least 8.1 x 10 6 Sm-1 (14% I.A.C.S. (International Association of Conductivity Standards).
- The alloys of this invention have a very complex structure of the various pseudo-binary systems with copper as the base component and the other elements combined in various combinations as the other phases. The alloy has increased solubility at elevated temperatures and this alpha state can be maintained by rapidly quenching to room temperature, thereby creating an unstable, super saturated condition that only requires the proper temperature to precipitate the hardening phases.
- The alloys of this invention are readily hardenable, which is a time/temperature related function. For example, maximum hardness can be obtained in less than 2 hours if the alloys are heated to about 400 C., but, this time can be reduced to only about 15 seconds at a temperature of about 750°C.
- The variation of various properties of the alloys of the invention with changing constitution is illustrated in the drawings of which:-
- Fig. 1 is a graph showing the effect upon ultimate tensile strength and conductivity when the nickel content of an alloy of this invention is varied as shown along the abscissa and the alloying amount of Si and Al are held constant at 0.75% and the Cr at 0.5%.
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing the effect upon ultimate tensile strength and conductivity when the aluminum content of an alloy of this invention is varied as shown along the abscissa and the Ni is held constant at 5%, the Si at 0.75%. and the Cr at 0.5%.
- Fig. 3 is a graph showing the effect upon ultimate tensile strength and conductivity when the silicon content of an alloy of this invention is varied as shown along the abscissa and the Ni is held constant at 5%, the Al at 0.75% and the Cr at 0.5%.
- Fig. 4 is a graph showing the effect upon ultimate tensile strength and conductivity when the chromium content of an alloy of this invention is varied as shown along the abscissa and the Ni content is held constant at 5% and the Al and Si at 0.75%.
- Fig. 5 is a graph showing the time required to achieve maximum hardness of typical alloys of this invention plotted against the function of temperature.
-
- The following examples illustrate the invention.
- In the examples, alloys having the constitution shown in Table II were made in accordance with this invention using standard techniques. Table III shows the variation in properties obtained for the alloys of Table II. The property data listed was obtained after heat ageing at 450°C for the times shown.
Claims (7)
1. A precipitation hardenable copper alloy comprising 2 to 9 weight percent nickel, 0.05 to 2 weight percent of aluminum, chromium and silicon, the balance being copper and impurities.
2. A precipitation hardenable copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of silicon, aluminum and chromium does not exceed 2% by weight.
3. A precipitation hardenable copper alloy according to claim 1, comprising substantially 4.5 weight percent nickel, substantially 0.5 to 0.7 weight percent each silicon and aluminum and substantially 0.25 weight percent chromium, the balance being copper and impurities.
4. A precipitation hardenable copper alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3 of which the conductivity after heat ageing is at least 8.1 x 106 Sm-1 (14% I.A.C.S.).
5. A precipitation hardenable copper alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4 of which the ultimate tensile strength after heat ageing is in excess of 620 x 106 Pa (90,000 psi).
6. A precipitation hardenable copper alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in which the impurities include trace amounts of conventional deoxidizers and fluidity improving agents.
7. A precipitation hardenable copper alloy substantially as described herein with reference to Table I.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US3429179A | 1979-04-30 | 1979-04-30 | |
US34291 | 1979-04-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0018818A1 true EP0018818A1 (en) | 1980-11-12 |
Family
ID=21875486
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80301407A Withdrawn EP0018818A1 (en) | 1979-04-30 | 1980-04-29 | Precipitation hardening copper alloys |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0018818A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS55158246A (en) |
AU (1) | AU521823B2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK186080A (en) |
GB (1) | GB2051127B (en) |
IE (1) | IE49710B1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO154019C (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA802595B (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0436364A1 (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-07-10 | Ampco Metal Manufacturing Inc. | Improved copper-nickel-silicon-chromium alloy |
EP0552479A1 (en) * | 1992-01-17 | 1993-07-28 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Process for improving the flexibility of cuprous semi-finished products |
US7182823B2 (en) | 2002-07-05 | 2007-02-27 | Olin Corporation | Copper alloy containing cobalt, nickel and silicon |
CN101984108A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-03-09 | 中南大学 | CuNiSiAl elastic copper alloy with ultrahigh strength and high stress relaxation resistance |
CN103261460A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2013-08-21 | 日本精线株式会社 | Copper alloy wire and copper alloy spring |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58124254A (en) * | 1982-01-20 | 1983-07-23 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | Copper alloy for lead material of semiconductor device |
EP2653574B1 (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2017-05-31 | Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd. | Copper alloy and method for producing copper alloy |
JP6802689B2 (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2020-12-16 | 三芳合金工業株式会社 | Precipitation hardening copper alloy and its manufacturing method |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2851353A (en) * | 1953-07-15 | 1958-09-09 | Ibm | Copper-base alloys |
GB1161610A (en) * | 1966-12-29 | 1969-08-13 | Langley Alloys Ltd | Improvements in Copper-Nickel-Silicon Alloys |
DE1558474A1 (en) * | 1967-03-01 | 1970-03-19 | Dies Dr Ing Kurt | Copper alloy and process for its manufacture |
GB1408343A (en) * | 1973-03-02 | 1975-10-01 | Gni I Pi Splavov I | Alloy based on copper |
GB1422215A (en) * | 1973-03-02 | 1976-01-21 | Gni I Pi Spalavov I Obrabotki | Copper-based alloy |
-
1980
- 1980-04-29 EP EP80301407A patent/EP0018818A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-04-29 DK DK186080A patent/DK186080A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-04-29 GB GB8014065A patent/GB2051127B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-04-30 AU AU57930/80A patent/AU521823B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-04-30 IE IE880/80A patent/IE49710B1/en unknown
- 1980-04-30 ZA ZA00802595A patent/ZA802595B/en unknown
- 1980-04-30 JP JP5775180A patent/JPS55158246A/en active Granted
- 1980-04-30 NO NO801272A patent/NO154019C/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2851353A (en) * | 1953-07-15 | 1958-09-09 | Ibm | Copper-base alloys |
GB1161610A (en) * | 1966-12-29 | 1969-08-13 | Langley Alloys Ltd | Improvements in Copper-Nickel-Silicon Alloys |
DE1558474A1 (en) * | 1967-03-01 | 1970-03-19 | Dies Dr Ing Kurt | Copper alloy and process for its manufacture |
GB1408343A (en) * | 1973-03-02 | 1975-10-01 | Gni I Pi Splavov I | Alloy based on copper |
GB1422215A (en) * | 1973-03-02 | 1976-01-21 | Gni I Pi Spalavov I Obrabotki | Copper-based alloy |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0436364A1 (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-07-10 | Ampco Metal Manufacturing Inc. | Improved copper-nickel-silicon-chromium alloy |
EP0552479A1 (en) * | 1992-01-17 | 1993-07-28 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Process for improving the flexibility of cuprous semi-finished products |
US7182823B2 (en) | 2002-07-05 | 2007-02-27 | Olin Corporation | Copper alloy containing cobalt, nickel and silicon |
US8257515B2 (en) | 2002-07-05 | 2012-09-04 | Gbc Metals, Llc | Copper alloy containing cobalt, nickel and silicon |
US8430979B2 (en) | 2002-07-05 | 2013-04-30 | Gbc Metals, Llc | Copper alloy containing cobalt, nickel and silicon |
CN101984108A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-03-09 | 中南大学 | CuNiSiAl elastic copper alloy with ultrahigh strength and high stress relaxation resistance |
CN103261460A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2013-08-21 | 日本精线株式会社 | Copper alloy wire and copper alloy spring |
CN103261460B (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2015-11-25 | 日本精线株式会社 | Copper alloy wire and copper alloy spring |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO154019B (en) | 1986-03-24 |
JPS633938B2 (en) | 1988-01-26 |
NO154019C (en) | 1986-07-02 |
IE49710B1 (en) | 1985-11-27 |
IE800880L (en) | 1980-10-30 |
GB2051127A (en) | 1981-01-14 |
AU521823B2 (en) | 1982-04-29 |
NO801272L (en) | 1980-10-31 |
GB2051127B (en) | 1983-01-26 |
DK186080A (en) | 1980-10-31 |
JPS55158246A (en) | 1980-12-09 |
ZA802595B (en) | 1981-04-29 |
AU5793080A (en) | 1980-11-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3904401A (en) | Corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel | |
EP0175183B1 (en) | Copper alloys having an improved combination of strength and conductivity | |
US5028282A (en) | Cu-Ni-Sn alloy with excellent fatigue properties | |
TWI450987B (en) | Copper - nickel - silicon - based copper alloy | |
KR101627696B1 (en) | Copper alloy material for car and electrical and electronic components and process for producing same | |
JPH036341A (en) | High strength and high conductivity copper-base alloy | |
JPH06184679A (en) | Copper alloy for electrical parts | |
EP0018818A1 (en) | Precipitation hardening copper alloys | |
EP1009866A1 (en) | Grain refined tin brass | |
US5882442A (en) | Iron modified phosphor-bronze | |
JPH0784631B2 (en) | Copper alloy for electronic devices | |
GB2178448A (en) | Copper-chromium-titanium-silicon alloy and application thereof | |
JP2790238B2 (en) | Method for producing titanium copper alloy excellent in bending property and stress relaxation property | |
JPH1143731A (en) | High strength copper alloy excellent in stamping property and suitable for silver plating | |
DE69814657T2 (en) | COPPER BASED ALLOY, CHARACTERIZED BY DECAY CURING AND CURING IN SOLID CONDITION | |
US3721535A (en) | Composite copper alloy | |
JPH0830234B2 (en) | High strength and high conductivity copper alloy | |
US4242132A (en) | Copper base alloy containing manganese and nickle | |
US4242131A (en) | Copper base alloy containing manganese and iron | |
JPS62182240A (en) | Conductive high-tensile copper alloy | |
US4242133A (en) | Copper base alloy containing manganese | |
CA1101699A (en) | High-strength, high-expansion manganese alloy | |
US4886641A (en) | Electrical contact spring material made of copper base alloy of high strength and toughness with reduced anisotropy in characteristics | |
US4249942A (en) | Copper base alloy containing manganese and cobalt | |
JP2904372B2 (en) | Age hardening special copper alloy |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR IT LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19801209 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ENFIELD ROLLING MILLS LIMITED |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19880516 |
|
APAF | Appeal reference modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNE |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: BURKETT, RICHARD ALLEN |