EP0017721B2 - Low load coal bucket and method of operating a pulverised coal-fired furnace - Google Patents

Low load coal bucket and method of operating a pulverised coal-fired furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0017721B2
EP0017721B2 EP19800100740 EP80100740A EP0017721B2 EP 0017721 B2 EP0017721 B2 EP 0017721B2 EP 19800100740 EP19800100740 EP 19800100740 EP 80100740 A EP80100740 A EP 80100740A EP 0017721 B2 EP0017721 B2 EP 0017721B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coal
air
furnace
delivery pipe
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19800100740
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0017721A2 (en
EP0017721A3 (en
EP0017721B1 (en
Inventor
Angelos Kokkinos
Michael Scott Mccartney
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SOCIETE FRANCAISE DES TECHNIQUES LUMMUS
Original Assignee
Combustion Engineering Inc
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Priority claimed from US06/029,605 external-priority patent/US4252069A/en
Priority claimed from US06/029,606 external-priority patent/US4274343A/en
Application filed by Combustion Engineering Inc filed Critical Combustion Engineering Inc
Publication of EP0017721A2 publication Critical patent/EP0017721A2/en
Publication of EP0017721A3 publication Critical patent/EP0017721A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0017721B1 publication Critical patent/EP0017721B1/en
Publication of EP0017721B2 publication Critical patent/EP0017721B2/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/02—Structural details of mounting
    • F23C5/06—Provision for adjustment of burner position during operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/10—Nozzle tips
    • F23D2201/101—Nozzle tips tiltable

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pulverized coal-fired furnaces and, more particularly, to improving the low load operation of fuel burners employed therein.
  • the electric utilities have used large quantities of natural gas or oil to furnish additional ignition energy during low load operation because the current generation of coal-fired steam generator furnaces require stabilization of the coal flames when operating at low loads.
  • the required amount of auxiliary fuel fired for stabilization purposes is significant and, for example, to maintain a 500 megawatt coal-fired steam generator at 10 to 15 percent load during minimum demand periods whould require the use of 1700 I (450 gallons) of oil per hour.
  • tangential firing One common method of firing coal in conventional coal-fired steam generator boilers is known as tangential firing.
  • pulverized coal is introduced to the furnace in a primary air stream through burners, termed fuel-air admission assemblies, located in the corners of the furnance.
  • the fuel-air streams discharged from these burners are aimed tangentially to an imaginary circle in the middle of the furnace.
  • a flame is established at one corner which in turn supplies the required ignition energy to stabilize the flame emanating from the corner downstream of and laterally adjacent to it.
  • auxiliary fuel such as oil or natural gas must be introduced in each corner adjacent to the pulverized coal-air stream to provide additional ignition energy thereby insuring that a flameout and resultant unit trip will not occur.
  • a dual nozzle burner designed to provide a stable pocket is disclosed in United States patent 2,608,168.
  • the coal bucket is comprised of two nozzles which are physically spaced apart but nonadjustable with respect to each other. Therefore, two parallel but physically separated coal-air streams are discharged from the coal bucket at all loads. Additionally, both of the coal-air streams exhibit the same coal to air ratio.
  • the present invention provides an improved fuel-air admission assembly incorporating a split coal bucket which permits a pulverized coal-fired furnace and, more specifically, a pulverized coal-fired furnace employing the tangential firing method, to be operated at low loads without the use of auxiliary fuel to provide stabilization.
  • the split coal bucket comprises an upper and a lower coal nozzle pivotally mounted to the coal delivery pipe, the upper and lower coal nozzles being independently tiltable.
  • the primary air and pulverized coal stream discharging from the coal delivery pipe is split into an upper and a lower coal-air stream and independently directed into the furnace by tilting at least one of the nozzles away from the longitudinal axis of the coal delivery pipe.
  • an ignition stabilizing pocket is established in the locally low pressure zone created between the spread apart coal-air streams. Hot combustion products are drawn, i.e., recirculated, into this low pressure zone, thus providing enough additional ignition energy to the incoming fuel to stabilize the flame.
  • Ignition stability is further improved by disposing within the coal delivery pipe means for separating the pulverized coal-primary air mixture received from the main fuel pipe outlet elbow into a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a higher coal-air ratio than the second portion, and for maintaining said separation between the first and second portions for the length of the coal delivery pipe so that the first portion is directed into the furnace through the upper coal nozzle and the second portion is directed into the furnace through the lower coal nozzle.
  • the mixture turns through an angle generally of 90° as it flows from the main fuel pipe through the main fuel pipe outlet elbow into the coal delivery pipe of the fuel-air admission assembly.
  • the pulverized coal particles being denser than air tend to concentrate along the outer radius of the main fuel pipe outlet elbow due to centrifugal forces. Therefore, two distinct regions of differing fuel-air ratio are established within the primary air and pulverized coal mixture as it enters the main fuel pipe outlet elbow.
  • a first portion of the primary air-pulverized coal stream along the outer radius of the main fuel pipe outlet elbow has a high concentration of coal because of the more dense coal particles being displaced radially outward due to centifugal forces as the primary air-pulverized coal stream turns through the main fuel pipe outlet elbow.
  • a second portion along the inner radius of the main fuel pipe outlet elbow conversely has a low coal concentration.
  • a plate is disposed along the longitudinal axis of the coal delivery pipe with its leading edge orientated across the inlet end of the coal delivery pipe so that that portion of the primary air-pulverized coal stream having a high coal concentration enters the coal delivery pipe on one side of the plate and that portion of the primary air-pulverized coal stream having a low coal concentration enters the coal delivery pipe on the other side of the plate.
  • the trailing edge of the plate is orientated across the outlet end of the coal delivery pipe such that that portion of the primary air-pulverized coal stream having a high coal concentration is discharged from the coal delivery pipe through the upper coal nozzle and such that that portion of the primary air-pulverized coal stream having a low coal concentration is discharged from the coal delivery pipe though the lower coal nozzle.
  • the coal in this already high coal concentration stream tends to further concentrate along the lower surface of the upper coal nozzle because of the density differential between the coal particles and the air resulting in the coal particles being thrown outward by the centifugal force as the coal-air stream turns upward through the upper coal-air nozzle.
  • the coal is further concentrated along the lower surface of the coal-air nozzle and consequently is drawn into the low pressure ignition zone to form a subregion therein which has a fuel-air ratio significantly higher than that normally present at low load.
  • This subregion because of its relatively high fuel-air ratio readily ignites thereby providing for the stable ignition of the remainder of the primary air-pulverized coal stream.
  • a burner arrangement comprising a plurality of burners each pivotally mounted independent of the other by means of ball joints is disclosed in Mit downstream from the source of the burners.
  • a plurality of fuel-air admission assemblies 10 are arranged in the corners in a vertical column separated by auxiliary air compartments 20 and 20'.
  • auxiliary air compartments 20 and 20' are adapted to accommodate an auxiliary fuel burner, which is used when starting and warming up the boiler and which may be used when necessary to provide additional ignition energy to stabilize the coal flame when operating at low loads.
  • Each fuel-air admission assembly 10 comprises a coal delivery pipe 12 extending therethrough and opening into the furnace, and a secondary air conduit 14 which surrounds coal delivery pipe 12 and provides a flow passage so that the secondary air may be introduced into the furnace as a steam surrounding the primary air-pulverized coal stream discharged from coal delivery pipe 12.
  • Each coal delivery pipe 12 is provided with a tip, termed a coal bucket, which is pivotally mounted to the coal delivery pipe 12 so that the coal bucket may be tilted about an axis 16 transverse to the longitudinal axis of coal delivery pipe 12.
  • a typical prior art single nozzle coal bucket 28 is shown in Figure 2 mounted to the coal delivery pipe of the lower fuel-air admission assembly.
  • Coal bucket 28 can be tilted upward or downward about axis 16 in orderto direct the pulverized-coal primary air mixture into the furnace at an upward or downward angle as a means of controlling the position of the fireball within the furnace as a means of controlling the temperature of the superheated steam leaving the generator (not shown) in the manner taught by U.S. Patent 2,363,875 issued November 28, 1944, to Kreising- er et al. for "Combustion Zone Control".
  • coal bucket 28 is replaced with a split coal bucket 30 shown in Figure 2 pivotally mounted to the coal delivery pipes 12 of the upper two fuel-air admission assemblies.
  • Each split coal bucket 30 comprises an upper coal nozzle 32 and a lower coal nozzle 34, both of which are independently tiltable about axis 16 transverse to the longitudinal axis of coal delivery pipe 12. By tilting the upper coal nozzle 32 upward, a first portion of the primary air and pulverized coal mixture discharging from coal delivery pipe 12 may be selectively directed upwardly into the furnace as an upper coal-air stream.
  • a second portion of the primary air and pulverized coal mixture discharging from the coal delivery pipe 12 can be selectively directed downwardly into the furnace as a lower coal-air stream.
  • Means 50 and 60 are provided for independently tilting the upper and lower nozzles of the split coal bucket 30.
  • an upper air nozzle 40 is rigidly mounted on the upper surface of the upper coal nozzle 32 to provide an upper air pathway 42 for directing a first portion of the secondary air passing from the secondary air conduit 14 into the furnace along the path essentially parallel to the upper coal-air stream.
  • a lower air nozzle 44 is rigidly mounted to the bottom surface of the lower coal nozzle 34 to provide a lower air pathway 46 for directing a second portion of the secondary air passing from the secondary air conduit 14 into the furnace along a path essentially parallel to the lower coal-air stream.
  • lateral air pathways 48 are provided on the sides of both the upper coal nozzle 32 and the lower coal nozzle 34 for directing the remainder of the secondary air into the furnace along a path flanking and essentially parallel to the upper and lower coal-air streams.
  • barrier plates 52 are suspended from the bottom of the upper coal nozzle 32 into the lateral air pathways 48 of the lower coal nozzle 34 in order to prevent the secondary air from entering the low pressure zone established between the upper and lower coal-air streams when the upper and lower coal nozzles are tilted apart.
  • Flow baffle 36 comprises a foreshortened flat plate aligned substantially parallel to the direction of the flow through the upper coal nozzle 32 thereby defining within the upper coal nozzle 32 an upper flow channel 54 and a lower flow channel 56.
  • the flow baffle 36 causes a major portion of the pulverized coal and primary air entering the upper coal nozzle 32 to flow through the lower flow channel 56.
  • the flow baffle 38 comprises a foreshortened flat plate aligned substantially parallel to the direction of flow through the lower coal nozzle 34 thereby defining within the lower coal nozle 34 an upper flow channel 55 and a lower flow channel 57.
  • the flow baffle 38 causes a major portion of the pulverized coal and primary air entering the lower coal nozzle 34 to flow through the upper channel 55. So disposed, flow baffles 36 and 38 do not in any way affect the flow of the primary air-pulverized coal. stream through coal nozzles 32 and 34 when said nozzles are orientated parallel to the longitudinal axis of the coal delivery pipe 12, as is typical at high loads.
  • the corresponding flow baffle causes a major portion of the primary air-pulverized coal stream passing therethrough a flow through the flow channel bordering upon the low pressure ignition stabilizing zone.
  • the coal delivery pipe 12 receives at its inlet end a mixture of primary air and pulverized coal from a source, not shown, such as a pulverizer.
  • a source not shown, such as a pulverizer.
  • coal is dried and crushed in the pulverizer, and the pulverized coal is conveyed from the pulverizer to the furnace through a main fuel pipe 128 which terminates in a main fuel outlet pipe elbow 140 aligned with the inlet end of the coal delivery pipe 12.
  • the primary air and pulverized coal mixture is being conveyed from the pulverizers through the main fuel pipe to the furnace, the mixture turns through an angle, generally but not necessarily of 90°, as it flows from the main fuel pipe through the main fuel pipe outlet elbow 140 into the inlet end of the coal delivery pipe 12 of the fuel-air admission assembly 10.
  • a partition plate 130 is disposed along the longitudinal axis of the coal delivery pipe 12 so as to establish an upper flow pathway 136 and a lower flow pathway 138 therethrough.
  • the leading edge 132 of the partition plate 130 is orientated across the inlet end of the coal delivery pipe 12 so that the first portion of the primary air-pulverized coal stream traveling along the outer radius of the main fuel pipe outlet elbow 140 enters the upper flow pathway 136 of the main coal delivery pipe 12; and the second portion of the primary air-pulverized coal stream traveling along the inner radius of the main fuel pipe outlet elbow 140 enters the lower flow pathway 138 of the coal delivery pipe 12.
  • the trailing edge 134 of the partition plate 130 is orientated across the outlet end of the coal delivery pipe 12 such that the upper flow pathway 136 communicates with the upper coal nozzle 32 and the lower flow pathway 138 communicates with the lower coal nozzle 34 so that the first portion of the primary air-pulverized coal stream, having a high coal concentration, is discharged from the coal delivery pipe 12 through the upper coal nozzle 32, and the second portion of the primary air-pulverized coal mixture, having a low coal concentration, is discharged from the coal delivery pipe 12 through the lower coal nozzle 34.
  • the partition plate 130 separates the primary air-pulverized coal stream received from the main fuel pipe outlet elbow 140 into a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a higher coal-air ratio than the second portion, and maintains the separation between the first and second portions for the length of the coal delivery pipe 12 so that the first portion is directed into the furnace through the upper coal nozzle 32 and the second portion is directed into the furnace through the lower coal nozzle 34 as shown in Figures 8 and 10.
  • the main fuel pipe 128 travels vertically upward along the furnace and terminates in the main fuel pipe outlet elbow 140 which turns the primary air-pulverized coal stream from the vertical to the horizontal through a 90° angle. Accordingly, the pulverized coal is naturally concentrated in the upper half of the primary air-pulverized coal stream entering the coal delivery pipe 12.
  • the partition plate 130 comprises a simple flat plate disposed along the longitudinal axis of the coal delivery pipe 12 since the concentrated pulverized coal stream may not be turned as it passes through the coal delivery pipe 12 in order to direct it through the upper coal nozzle 32.
  • the partition plate 130 comprises a warped plate. As illustrated in Figures 10 and 11, the main fuel pipe 128 travels upward along the furnace and terminates in the main fuel pipe outlet elbow 140 which turns the primary air-pulverized coal mixture through a 90° angle to the horizontal but in a plane orientated at an angle to the vertical. The pulverized coal is concentrated along the outer half of the main fuel pipe outlet elbow 140 which, in this case, is not coincident with the upper half of the coal delivery pipe 12.
  • the partition plate 130 is warped so that its leading edge 132 is orinetated across the inlet end of the coal delivery pipe 12 such that the high coal concentration portion of the primary air-pulverized coal stream is directed along the upper flow pathway 136 to the uper coal nozzle 32 and the low coal concentration portion of the primary air-pulverized coal stream is directed along the lower flow pathway 138 to the lower coal nozzle 34.
  • the typical prior art coal bucket comprises a single coal nozzle 28, having one or more extended rather than foreshortened baffle plates, surrounded by air pathways as in the present invention.
  • the pulverized coal and primary air passing through the coal delivery pipe was discharged into the furnace through the single coal nozzle as a single coal-air stream.
  • ignition became unstable; and supplemental fuel such as natural gas or oil had to be fired in order to provide sufficient additional energy to stabilize the ignition of the single coal-air stream.
  • the upper coal nozzle 32 is tilted upward and the lower coal nozzle 34 is tilted downward as shown in Figure 6.
  • the pulverized coal and the primary air discharged from the coal delivery pipe 12 through the coal bucket is split into an upper coal-air stream 80 and a lower coal-air stream 90.
  • the upper coal-air stream 80 is directed upward through the upper coal nozzle 32 as it is introduced into the furnace and the lower coal-air stream 90 is directed downward through the lower coal nozzle 34 as it is introduced into the furnace.
  • a low pressure zone 70 which serves as an ignition stabilizing region, is created between the diverging upper and lower coal-air streams.
  • Air and coal and coal particles are drawn into the low pressure region 70 from the lower surface of the upper coal-air stream 80 and the upper surface of the lower coal-air stream 90 and ignited.
  • the ignition is stabilized because a portion of the hot combustion products formed during ignition are recirculated within this low pressure ignition stabilizing zone 70, thereby providing the necessary ignition energy for igniting coal particles which are subsequently drawn into the region from the upper and lower coal-air streams.
  • Stable ignition is further insured because the fuel-air ratio within the ignition stabilizing zone 70 is increased which in turn reduces the amount of energy necessary to initiate ignition.
  • the coal in this already high coal concentration stream tends to further concentrate along the lower surface of the upper coal nozzle 32 because of the density differential between the coal particles and the air resulting in the coal particles being thrown outward by the centrifugal forces.
  • the coal, being concentrated along the lower surface of the coal-air stream is consequently drawn into the low pressure ignition zone to form a subregion therein which has a fuel-air ratio significantly higher than that normally present at low loads. This subregion because of its relatively high fuel-air ratio readily ignites thereby providing for the stable ignition of the remainder of the primary air-pulverized coal stream.
  • This novel split nozzle low load coal bucket design stabilizes ignition to an extent which heretofore could not be obtained during the low load operation of pulverized coal-fired furnaces without firing supplemental fuel such as natural gas or oil.
  • stable ignition without the use of auxiliary fuel was possible only at loads above approximately 40 percent.
  • the regime of stable ignition without the use of auxiliary fuel was extended down to 25 percent load. Such an extension of the stable ignition regime on coal-firing will greatly increase the flexibility of coal-fired steam generator operation and significantly reduce the consumption of oil and natural gas on coal-fired units.
  • the split coal bucket of the present invention contemplates split coal buckets with the nozzles arranged in other configurations, such as side by side, so long as at least one of the nozzles may be independently tilted away from the longitudinal axis of the coal delivery pipe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP19800100740 1979-04-13 1980-02-14 Low load coal bucket and method of operating a pulverised coal-fired furnace Expired EP0017721B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29605 1979-04-13
US06/029,605 US4252069A (en) 1979-04-13 1979-04-13 Low load coal bucket
US06/029,606 US4274343A (en) 1979-04-13 1979-04-13 Low load coal nozzle
US29606 1979-04-13

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0017721A2 EP0017721A2 (en) 1980-10-29
EP0017721A3 EP0017721A3 (en) 1980-12-10
EP0017721B1 EP0017721B1 (en) 1983-07-20
EP0017721B2 true EP0017721B2 (en) 1987-05-20

Family

ID=26705135

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800100740 Expired EP0017721B2 (en) 1979-04-13 1980-02-14 Low load coal bucket and method of operating a pulverised coal-fired furnace

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0017721B2 (es)
AU (1) AU530834B2 (es)
DE (1) DE3064180D1 (es)
ES (1) ES490436A0 (es)
IN (1) IN151051B (es)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4304196A (en) * 1979-10-17 1981-12-08 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Apparatus for tilting low load coal nozzle
US4425855A (en) * 1983-03-04 1984-01-17 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Secondary air control damper arrangement
GB9322016D0 (en) * 1993-10-26 1993-12-15 Rolls Royce Power Eng Improvements in or relating to solid fuel burners
CN104776428A (zh) * 2015-04-04 2015-07-15 哈尔滨博深科技发展有限公司 多钝体浓淡分离煤粉燃烧装置
CN112178633A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-01-05 湖北赤焰热能工程有限公司 一种浓缩型双调风旋流燃烧器及方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2608168A (en) * 1949-10-21 1952-08-26 Comb Eng Superheater Inc Dual nozzle burner for pulverized fuel
DE913092C (de) * 1951-04-06 1954-06-08 Kohlenscheidungs Ges Mit Besch Brenner fuer Kohlenstaub od. dgl. feinverteilten Brennstoff
US3224419A (en) * 1961-12-13 1965-12-21 Combustion Eng Vapor generator with tangential firing arrangement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8103344A1 (es) 1981-02-16
AU5738080A (en) 1980-10-16
DE3064180D1 (en) 1983-08-25
EP0017721A2 (en) 1980-10-29
ES490436A0 (es) 1981-02-16
EP0017721A3 (en) 1980-12-10
IN151051B (es) 1983-02-12
AU530834B2 (en) 1983-07-28
EP0017721B1 (en) 1983-07-20

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