EP0016478A2 - Wand aus einer Mehrzahl von vorgefertigten Zementplatten - Google Patents

Wand aus einer Mehrzahl von vorgefertigten Zementplatten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0016478A2
EP0016478A2 EP80101618A EP80101618A EP0016478A2 EP 0016478 A2 EP0016478 A2 EP 0016478A2 EP 80101618 A EP80101618 A EP 80101618A EP 80101618 A EP80101618 A EP 80101618A EP 0016478 A2 EP0016478 A2 EP 0016478A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panels
building
panel
section
integral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP80101618A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0016478A3 (de
Inventor
Earl L. Fields
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oakwood Investments Ltd
Original Assignee
Oakwood Investments Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oakwood Investments Ltd filed Critical Oakwood Investments Ltd
Publication of EP0016478A2 publication Critical patent/EP0016478A2/de
Publication of EP0016478A3 publication Critical patent/EP0016478A3/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/382—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of concrete or other stone-like substance

Definitions

  • This invention relates to construction systems and methods, and more particularly to a building construction utilizing pre-cast panels, each of which is an integral unit providing both the foundation foot portion and a complete vertical segment of the wall of the building, and to casting forms for making such panels.
  • the ultimate aim of the invention is to make it.possible to erect a building with cast concrete walls without the labor and time normally required for building concrete forms and reinforcement structures at the building site as well as reducing the waste of time and labor involved in pouring the concrete into the forms, allowing it to cure, and removing the forms.
  • a pre-cast construction unit or panel which includes both a foot portion and a wall portion.
  • the foot portion is substantially wider than the wall portion so that the foot portion will provide a broad, stable, heavy base to support the wall section in a vertical position.
  • the width of the foot portion changes gradually with its height, thus giving it a sloping face. This forms an extremely strong structure, able to be transported to the building site with little danger of damage, while being relatively simple and easy to manufacture.
  • the sloping foot portion ends near the lower end of the panel (below the earth level when installed), thus minimizing the cost of materials used, and ensuring that the wall will be straight.
  • each panel for attaching it at the side to another such panel so as to form a wall.
  • the attachment means has a substantial vertical extent so that the panels can be secured together without expensive leveling procedures, despite irregularities in the elevation of the ground surface upon which the panels stand.
  • Means are provided for attaching floor and roof supports to the panels. These means also are adapted to avoid the labor and time required for leveling the panels, by permitting attachment at a variety of vertical positions without changing the levels of the surfaces supporting the floor and roof.
  • the form used for casting the panels is highly adaptable. It has movable barriers for easily varying the dimensions of the cast panels, thus saving the cost of making many different forms for use in making panels having different dimensions.
  • One type of form can be used either to form two separate panels in one pouring, or can be used to make one very tall panel.
  • the adaptable form and the method of manufacture have unobvious versatility and greatly reduce the time and cost of manufacture.
  • Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the panel 1 0 of this invention.
  • the panel 10 has two stems 1, a flange 9, and a foot section 2.
  • the panel 1o is cast of concrete in one piece; that is, it is monolithic.
  • the panel is reinforced with steel mesh 7, and with steel reinforcing bars of pre-stressed cable at locations indicated by the dashed lines 3.
  • the panel 1o is shown resting upon the earth at 4.
  • the foot section 2 has a sloping face.
  • the width 13 of the foot section 2 is considerably greater than the thickness 2o of the flange 9 and the thickness 8 of the stems 1.
  • the height of the foot section 2 is such that the foot section ends in the lower portion of the panel.
  • the height 6, the width 13 and the angle of the sloping face of the foot section all are variable, as is the width 5 (Fig. 1) and the height 11 of the whole panel 1 0 . It may be seen that variation in the height 6 of the foot section dictates the variable width 13 of the footer, depending upon the angle of slope of the face of the foot section.
  • the thickness 8 of the stems 1 and the thichness 20 of the flange 9 are variable, and determine the thickness of the panel 1o.
  • the depth of penetration of the panel into the earth 4 is represented by the dimension 12, and also is variable.
  • Steel weld-plates 16 are cast-in-place at the side edges of the flange 9.
  • the plates 16 allow the panels 1 0 to be joined together welding.
  • the weld plates 16 may be formed by bending the ends of the reinforcing bars which span the width of the panel. Thus, when the weld plates 16 are welded together, this welds the ends of the bars together and creates a continuous reinforcement band around the building perimeter (except where interrupted with voids forming doors, windows,etc.).
  • a plurality of adjacent panels which are welded together form completed walls, including a footer, a foundation and the wall surfaces.
  • Steel bolts or studs 14 are cast in place and extend into the stems 1.
  • the bolts 14 preferably are tied or otherwise secured to the steel mesh 7 and steel rod or steel cable reinforcements 3 before the concrete is poured during casting.
  • Bearing-support ledges 15 which may be made of wood, steel or other suitable material, are secured to the panels 1o by means of the bolts or studs 14.
  • the bearing-support ledges 15 support the floor joists 17 of the building, and the whaler 18, at the top.
  • the whaler 18 supports the roof structure 22 (see Fig. 3).
  • the first step in the method of erecting a building is to determine the engineering and construction specifications. These specifications include the desired number of floors, live- and dead-load requirements, and soil loading and soil characteristics. Then,.the panels 1o are ordered and cast. The dimensions of the panels are determined to conform to the specifications, and include: the width (and.number) of the stems 1; the width 5 of the panel unit 1o; the height 6 (and dependent dimensions) of the footer section 2; and width 13 of the foot; the depth 8 of the stems; the thickness 2o of the flange 9; the resultant total thickness or depth of the panel 10; the height 11 of the panel 1 0 ; the number and location, vertically, of the steel bolts or studs 14; and the depth 12 to which the panel is to be set in the ground, which dimension bears upon determination of the total length 11.
  • the steel weld plates 16, are cast at suitable locations according to the dimensions of the panel 1o.
  • the panels are cast from a mold, and the completed, cured panels are delivered to the construction site when the earth has been prepared to receive them.
  • the construction crew assembles the panels, joins them by welding together the weld plates 16, sealing the seams between panels as required. Joined panels may be sealed to prevent moisture transfer by use of any suitable waterproofing agent and/or "Visqueen” or other suitable plastic sheeting material. Any suitable caulking material may be used to seal the panels above ground. Then the whaler 18 is attached, and the joist- supporting support ledges 15 are attached to the steel bolts or studs 14. A completed panel 1o, when installed, may immediately receive floor joists and roofing construction, with no delay in construction.
  • Voids may be cast into the panel as required for door and window openings, and for construction requirements such as plumbing and electrical entrances. Voids may be cast in the base of the footer section, to allow for any necessary relief to accommodate soil expansion. Panels may be cast without stems, where flat panels are desired; the variable-thickness flange may be increased in thickness in its casting to provide requisite load bearing capacity.
  • Reinforcing may be deleted; or carbon, glass, plastic, wood, paper or other reinforcement materials and methods may be employed, if desired.
  • Fig.,3 is an illustration of a plurality of panels 1 0 connected integrally to provide an enclosed building structure having a floor 17 and a roof 22. As illustrated, each of the panels 1o is placed on the previously prepared foundation. The drawing shows, in magnified form, the effect of having an imperfectly level foundation. The panels 1o are shown with their bottoms at distinctly different levels. Therefore, the top of each panel 1o is displaced vertically from the top of adjacent panels.
  • the panels 1o are joined together by welding the weld plates 16 together.
  • the weld plates 16 have a substantial vertical dimension so that they have sufficient overlap to accommodate differentials in the vertical positions of the panels 1 0 .
  • the bearing support members 15 preferably are relatively wide wooden beams; e. g. boards two inches thick by six or eight inches wide.
  • the bearing members 15 are positioned so that their upper surfaces are level at the height required for the floor or roof, and then holes are drilled in the members 15 to accommodate the bolts 14. Note that the bolts 14 for each of the two members 15 illustrated in Fig. 3 are shown at different heights, corresponding to the differential that exists in the foundation elevation of each panel. In this manner, panels 1o are integrally joined by plural means, comprising both the weld plates 16 and the bolted members 15.
  • the floor 17 is positioned on top of the lower member 15, and may be secured thereto by any conventional means desired.
  • Fig. 4 shows a preferred casting form 3o for use in casting the panels 10.
  • the form 3o includes side walls 32, end walls 33 and a bottom wall 34, and a supporting structure 36.
  • the side walls 32 and end walls 33 are vertical, and the bottom wall 34 is horizontal in the central areas, but has two sections 38 which slope downwardly so as to form the sloping foot portions 2 of the panels 1o when the form 3o is filled with concrete.
  • the bottom wall 34 has longitudinal recesses or slots 4o which are used to form the stems 1 of the panels 1o.
  • the form 3o is easily adaptable to make panels 1o of varying dimensions, and also can be used to make two panels simultaneously with only one pouring of concrete.
  • two movable end bulkheads 42 and 44 and one or more movable central bulkheads 46 and 48. All of the bulkheads'extend up to or above the top of the side walls 32 and end walls 33 and span the full width 5o of the form 3 0 .
  • the bulkheads 42 and 44 can be moved longitudinally in order to increase or decrease the height 6 (see Fig. 2) of the foot section 2 of the panel 1 0 . Simultaneously, such movement will increase or decrease the width 13 of the foot section 2, because of the slope in the section 38 of the form. Blocks or wedges of various materials can be inserted between the bulkheads 42 and 44 and the end walls 33 to hold those bulkheads in a given position.
  • the bulkheads 46 and 48 can be moved to vary the height 11 of the panels 1 0 .
  • Each bulkhead 46 or 48 has a pair of extensions 47 or 49 which fit into the recesses 4 0 .
  • the bulkheads slides along the surface of the bottom wall 34, and is clamped in a desired location by conventional clamping means (not shown).
  • rails can be attached to the top of the side walls 32 and end walls 33 to raise the height of those walls.
  • one of the bulkheads 46 or 48 can be removed. Then, the extra height is provided by the additional area in the center of the form that is left by the removal of the bulkhead.
  • the form 3o preferably is made of steel sheets.
  • the support structure preferably is made of welded steel reinforcing bars, angles or the like.
  • the materials of which the form and its support are made can be wood, metal, fiberglass, etc.
  • the lengths 52, 54 and 56 of the center and two end sections are variable, as are the width 5 0 , total length 58, and height 6 0 of the form 3o.
  • the sloping form walls 38 preferably are at an angle of 45°.
  • each panel 1o The maximum height presently contemplated for each panel 1o is approximately thirty-four feet. In order to achieve that dimension, the sum of the distances 52 and either 54 or 56 should be slightly greater than thirty-four feet.
  • the recesses 4o had a width of four inches and a depth of six inches.
  • the width 5 0 of the form 3o was eight feet, the centers of the recesses 4o were each two feet from the nearest side wall 32, and the recesses 4o were four feet apart. Of course, all of these dimensions can be changed as desired.
  • the engineering and construction specifications for the panel are determined as described above. If the stems 1 are not desired, then the recesses 4o can be filled with wood or other materials.
  • the central bulkheads are either inserted or removed depending on whether one or two panels are to be case, and then all of the bulkheads are located so as to produce a panel 1o having the desired dimensions.
  • the steel reinforcing members, bolts 14 and welding plates 16 are located in the form 3 0 . If needed, additional form members may be added to form voids for doors,. windows, and soil expansion chambers in the foot section 2. Also, an eye bolt (not shown) can be positioned in the form so as to provide a means for lifting the panel 1o out of the form when cured.
  • the invention satisfies the objectives set forth above.
  • the invention makes it possible to erect cast concrete walls at a building site without having to pour concrete at the building site.
  • the structure of the building panels is simple, strong, and relatively easy to make.
  • the tops of the building panels can be le- veled in a simple procedure.
  • the casting form and method used to cast the panels is extremely versatile and permits variations in the panel dimensions to be made with relative ease.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
EP80101618A 1979-03-26 1980-03-26 Wand aus einer Mehrzahl von vorgefertigten Zementplatten Ceased EP0016478A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US2367179A 1979-03-26 1979-03-26
US23671 1998-02-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0016478A2 true EP0016478A2 (de) 1980-10-01
EP0016478A3 EP0016478A3 (de) 1980-12-10

Family

ID=21816535

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80101618A Ceased EP0016478A3 (de) 1979-03-26 1980-03-26 Wand aus einer Mehrzahl von vorgefertigten Zementplatten

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0016478A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS55159059A (de)
AR (1) AR225033A1 (de)
BR (1) BR8001792A (de)
CA (1) CA1167272A (de)
ES (1) ES259614Y (de)
IL (1) IL59693A0 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2619589A1 (fr) * 1987-08-17 1989-02-24 Riche Daniel Procede de construction parasismique de batiments en beton arme
WO1990015202A1 (fr) * 1989-06-01 1990-12-13 Claude Bes Construction a base de panneaux prefabriques et procede de fabrication desdits panneaux
US6230465B1 (en) * 1998-08-04 2001-05-15 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Precast concrete structural modules
US6263629B1 (en) 1998-08-04 2001-07-24 Clark Schwebel Tech-Fab Company Structural reinforcement member and method of utilizing the same to reinforce a product
US6701683B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2004-03-09 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Method and apparatus for a composite concrete panel with transversely oriented carbon fiber reinforcement
US6729090B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2004-05-04 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Insulative building panel with transverse fiber reinforcement
US6898908B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2005-05-31 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Insulative concrete building panel with carbon fiber and steel reinforcement
US7100336B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2006-09-05 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Concrete building panel with a low density core and carbon fiber and steel reinforcement
US7627997B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2009-12-08 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Concrete foundation wall with a low density core and carbon fiber and steel reinforcement

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108149819B (zh) * 2018-01-31 2024-01-30 山东海龙建筑科技有限公司 建筑底部加强区一体化叠合外墙及其生产施工方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE807437C (de) * 1948-10-02 1951-06-28 Polensky & Zoellner Bauwerk aus Fertigbetonteilen
US2854724A (en) * 1954-11-24 1958-10-07 American Dyewood Company Molding apparatus
DE2221163A1 (de) * 1972-04-28 1973-11-08 Langmann Alfred Kellerwandelement
FR2190989A1 (de) * 1972-06-26 1974-02-01 Voogd Cornel S De
GB1544205A (en) * 1975-09-30 1979-04-11 Selleck Nicholls Williams Ltd Building

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE807437C (de) * 1948-10-02 1951-06-28 Polensky & Zoellner Bauwerk aus Fertigbetonteilen
US2854724A (en) * 1954-11-24 1958-10-07 American Dyewood Company Molding apparatus
DE2221163A1 (de) * 1972-04-28 1973-11-08 Langmann Alfred Kellerwandelement
FR2190989A1 (de) * 1972-06-26 1974-02-01 Voogd Cornel S De
GB1544205A (en) * 1975-09-30 1979-04-11 Selleck Nicholls Williams Ltd Building

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2619589A1 (fr) * 1987-08-17 1989-02-24 Riche Daniel Procede de construction parasismique de batiments en beton arme
WO1990015202A1 (fr) * 1989-06-01 1990-12-13 Claude Bes Construction a base de panneaux prefabriques et procede de fabrication desdits panneaux
US6230465B1 (en) * 1998-08-04 2001-05-15 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Precast concrete structural modules
US6263629B1 (en) 1998-08-04 2001-07-24 Clark Schwebel Tech-Fab Company Structural reinforcement member and method of utilizing the same to reinforce a product
US6701683B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2004-03-09 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Method and apparatus for a composite concrete panel with transversely oriented carbon fiber reinforcement
US6729090B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2004-05-04 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Insulative building panel with transverse fiber reinforcement
US6898908B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2005-05-31 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Insulative concrete building panel with carbon fiber and steel reinforcement
US7100336B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2006-09-05 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Concrete building panel with a low density core and carbon fiber and steel reinforcement
US7627997B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2009-12-08 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Concrete foundation wall with a low density core and carbon fiber and steel reinforcement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0016478A3 (de) 1980-12-10
BR8001792A (pt) 1980-11-18
CA1167272A (en) 1984-05-15
IL59693A0 (en) 1980-06-30
JPS55159059A (en) 1980-12-10
AR225033A1 (es) 1982-02-15
ES259614Y (es) 1982-07-01
ES259614U (es) 1982-01-16

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Inventor name: FIELDS, EARL L.