EP0015861B1 - Method and apparatus for mechanically emptying bags - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for mechanically emptying bags Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0015861B1
EP0015861B1 EP80420028A EP80420028A EP0015861B1 EP 0015861 B1 EP0015861 B1 EP 0015861B1 EP 80420028 A EP80420028 A EP 80420028A EP 80420028 A EP80420028 A EP 80420028A EP 0015861 B1 EP0015861 B1 EP 0015861B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bag
gullet
splitting
suspended
lid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80420028A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0015861A1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Cellier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Satil SA
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Satil SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Satil SA filed Critical Satil SA
Priority to AT80420028T priority Critical patent/ATE3016T1/en
Publication of EP0015861A1 publication Critical patent/EP0015861A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0015861B1 publication Critical patent/EP0015861B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
    • B65B69/0008—Opening and emptying bags

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the emptying of paper, plastic, jute or any other material bags.
  • the technical sector of the invention is that of the construction of handling equipment.
  • FR-A-2367688 Other equipment has also been proposed (FR-A-2367688) involving a mechanical turning of the bag placed in a reception chute which is then moved to be brought into a state of cooperation with a fixed cover surmounting a container for receiving the content. from the bag.
  • the chute and the cover then together form a substantially sealed envelope in which the bag slides until it rests on a reception chute internal to the container. In this state, an opening of the bag is then produced by a saw blade cutting one of the side walls of the bag.
  • These devices also involve a tilting operation of the receiving chute so as to cause the slit part of the bag to be turned over in order to facilitate emptying.
  • this sliding with belly effect has the effect of causing a compaction or a sort of compaction of the product which disturbs by its compactness the cutting action of the saw blade. This generally results in an incorrect cut having the effect, at the time of the inversion of the cut part, of producing pockets or local folds or pinches opposing a complete emptying of the contents of the bag.
  • the compaction or compaction of the product in the lower part of the bag located below the cut made by the saw blade, produces a kind of agglomeration which is not favorable, even after turning over, at correct and complete evacuation by simple gravity effect.
  • the object of the invention aims to solve the above problems and proposes a new emptying process making it possible to carry out, in a practical, fast and safe manner, a clean cut of a bag as well as a complete emptying of its contents. .
  • the design of the object of the invention is intended to ensure the maintenance of a full bag without the latter tending to produce an accentuated stomach effect as this results in the case of pressing its lower part on a receiving support, so as to achieve, in all cases, a correct cut without producing waste or debris from the bag itself.
  • Another object of the invention is to cut the bag under the best conditions favorable to opening by gravity flow of the product, regardless of how the bag is closed and the nature of its material constituting it.
  • the means provided according to the invention aim to obtain a correct opening, even if the bag is made of a relatively resistant flexible material folded and sewn or welded to ensure closure.
  • Another object of the invention is to ensure that the draining of the product by gravity is supplemented by a forced draining effect having the effect of eliminating, releasing or causing any residual product likely to be maintained to flow. in a pocket, a fold or a corner of the bag in order to obtain the most complete emptying possible. This eliminates the risk of external pollution of the surrounding environment during the recovery of empty bags and also to recover the maximum amount of content of each bag.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to allow the most complete emptying possible by reducing to the minimum value the film or the layer of non-agglomerated product usually remaining on the internal face of the bag.
  • An additional object is to also allow the emptying of bags constituted by two non-adherent envelopes for reasons of safety, handling or protection of the bagged product.
  • the method according to the invention for mechanically emptying the contents of bags, and of the type according to which a closed bag is deposited on a mobile receiving chute, said chute is moved to apply it in a substantially sealed manner against the underside of a lid surmounting a container into which the contents of the bag are to be poured and the bag is split transversely in its lower part, is characterized in that the bag is immobilized and suspended by mechanical means in the lid and the chute receptor.
  • the invention also relates to a device for implementing the above method and comprising for this purpose, on the one hand, means for immobilizing and suspending a full, closed bag, in an envelope constituted by a mobile receiving chute and a cover surmounting a receptacle for receiving the content of each bag, on the other hand, means for slitting the bag and constituted by a shaping device and by at least one cutting edge blade.
  • Fig. 1 shows the device according to the invention comprising a frame 1 on which is articulated, by at least one axis 2, a chute 3 for receiving a bag 4.
  • the frame 1 supports by an articulation 5 a jack 6 whose rod 7 is articulated a support 8 connecting the chute 3 to the hinge pin 2.
  • the jack 6 is intended to be able to cause the chute 3 to move from a bag loading position 4, as shown in FIG. 1, in a second position, visible in FIG. 7, in which it cooperates closely with a cover 9 carried by a container 10 which is attached to or fixed to the frame 1. In the cooperation position, the chute 3 and the container 9 together form an envelope 11 formed, substantially sealed which is open towards the internal volume of the container 10.
  • the device is provided with means for immobilizing and suspending a bag 4 and these means consist of claws or pins 12 which rise, as can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, from the plane of a frame 13 carried by the cover 9.
  • the frame 13 is connected to the rod 14 of a double-acting cylinder 15 carried by a base 16 fixed on the top 17 of the cover 9.
  • This arrangement is provided so that the pins 12, in the extended position of the rod of the jack 15, as illustrated in FIG. 1, pass through the cover 9 and protrude relative to the interior volume of the latter or are, on the contrary, completely retracted with respect to said volume in a retraction position of the rod of the jack.
  • the immobilization means and hanging a bag 4 are completed by a set of pins 18 carried by the chute 3 in a similar manner to that described for the cover 9.
  • the pins 18 are mounted on a frame 19 which is connected to the piston rod of a jack 20 mounted and fixed by a base 21 on the bottom of the chute 3.
  • the jack 20 is intended to hold the pins 18 in a position of extension relative to the internal volume of the chute 3 or, at the on the contrary, to make them retract with respect to said volume.
  • the device according to the invention also comprises means for slitting the lower part or end of a bag 4 disposed in the envelope 11 and these means comprise, first of all, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, a former 22 consisting of a panel, a plate, or the like 23 mounted on or carried by a hinge pin 24 connected to a drive member 25.
  • the plate 23 is partly arranged inside the volume of the container 10, being located in the extension of the internal volume of the cover 9.
  • the lower part of the plate 23 forms a shaping chute 26 which is located, relative to the pins or claws of the cover, at a distance which is slightly less than that between the upper part of a bag 4 in the loading position in the chute 3 and the pins 18.
  • the chute 26 extends, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cover 9, being located substantially in the plane of the latter parallel to the top 17.
  • the means for slitting a bag according to the invention also comprise at least one cross-sectional assembly formed by a cutting edge blade 27 which is made mobile along a guide track 28 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chute 26.
  • the guide track 28 is disposed laterally to the longitudinal median plane of the chute 26, so that the cutting edge of the blade 27 intersects the plane passing through the free edge 26a of the chute and parallel to the median longitudinal plane of this last.
  • the blade 27 is mounted on a carriage 29 which is, for example, carried by slides 30 constituting the guide track 28.
  • the carriage 29 is connected to a drive member 31 such as a jack.
  • the device described above operates as follows.
  • a bag 4 is loaded on the chute 3 so as to rest on the bottom 3a.
  • the jack 6 is then supplied to cause the chute 3 to tip over and turn over which is brought into the position according to FIG. 7.
  • the bag 4 tends to slide and therefore comes to bear in the shaping chute 26.
  • the jacks 15 and 20 are supplied to cause the extension of the pins 12 and 18 brought into the bag 4 placed in the envelope 11.
  • the pins 12 and 18 then immobilize and keep the bag 4 in suspension in the required position in which the lower part is just shaped by the chute 26.
  • This phase of the operating cycle can be controlled by a power supply program for the jacks established in a predetermined manner or controlled, for example, by a probe placed at the bottom of the chute.
  • the drive member 31 is then controlled so as to subject the blade 27 to a movement in the direction of the arrow f 1 which has the effect of producing a cross section F 1 , illustrated in FIG. 8, of the corresponding side wall of the bag near the lower end of the latter and over substantially half the thickness.
  • the drive member 31, if it is for example a jack, remains in supply so as to maintain the blade 27 in the end-of-cut position, then the jack 25 is controlled to tilt the shaper 22 into the direction of the arrow f 2 .
  • the chute 26 is thus erased from the bottom or from the lower end of the bag 4, so that the emptying takes place by gravity, the products contained in the bag 4 causing the end of the bag to open from the slot F 1 .
  • the actuator 15 When the bag is empty, the actuator 15 is supplied to cause the retraction or erasure of the pins or claws 12, so as to release the empty bag 4 relative to the cover 9.
  • the actuator 6 is then supplied to bring back the chute 3 in the position according to fig. 1 then the jack 20 is controlled to cause the erasure of the claws or pins 18 and then allow the personnel responsible for operating the device to take the empty bag before loading a new full bag 4.
  • the nature of the products contained in the bags 4 does not make it possible to obtain, by simple gravity, a complete emptying and the object of the invention is to remedy this drawback by providing means of forced emptying.
  • These means for forced emptying comprise means for insufflating a pressurized fluid inside the bag 4 during or after emptying by gravity and, preferably, these means for insufflation consist at least of some of the pins 12 of the cover 9.
  • FIG. 3 shows that at least some of the pins 12 are then preferably tubular and have, in their peripheral wall, openings or blowing holes 12a.
  • the tubular pins 12 are, in such a case, extended beyond the frame 13 so as to each form a nozzle 12b for connection with a distribution circuit supplied by a generator of a pressurized fluid, for example air .
  • the feed then intervenes. tion of the pins 12 in pressurized fluid so as to create an insufflation of fluid inside the bag and thus cause a forced flow of the residual content which can be retained, agglomerated or in any other way immobilized inside the bag.
  • the means of forced emptying also involve, as it appears in fig. 1, a blowing nozzle 32 which is arranged inside the container 10, so as to be directed substantially at the level of the slot F 1 of the lower part of the bag.
  • This nozzle 32 is also supplied with pressurized fluid so that the jet which it produces reaches the inside of the tongue 4a resulting from the cut or slot F 1 and normally subjected to folding by the effect of falling by gravity of the products contained in the bag.
  • the bag 4 is made of a material which is all the more difficult to cut at the level of the lower end that the latter has undergone, during closure, one or more folds prior to a seam or a weld.
  • the means for slitting said lower part of the bag are preferably supplemented according to the invention, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 6, by a set of longitudinal sections.
  • This assembly comprises two blades 33 arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the track 28 while being placed, moreover, opposite the latter relative to the shaping chute 26.
  • the blades 33 are carried by a bar 34 which is subject to a drive member 35 capable of moving it in a direction perpendicular to that of movement of the cross-section assembly.
  • the blades 33 preferably have a triangular shape and have a cutting edge on their base and the inclined side directed towards the track 28.
  • the blades are normally arranged so that the bases are located substantially in the plane of the bottom of the chute 26 which has, for this purpose, clearances 36 extending into the plate 23 to allow the passage of the blades 33.
  • the jack 35 is supplied so as to cause the blades 33 to move in the direction of the arrow f 3 .
  • the blades 33 are thus caused to execute two local, longitudinal slits F 2 in the lower part of the bag near the two angles of the latter so as to soften said angles, as well as the tongue 4a resulting from the slit F 1 .
  • the flow by gravity can take place without a retention zone since the split and insulated parts of the lower end of the bag are flexible enough to be erased by the passage of the released product.
  • the means according to the invention make it possible to achieve a frank and clean cut sand production of waste, products or other from the material of the bag, since the slots F, or F 2 are executed by cutting blades and that the lower part to be split of the bag 4 is just shaped by the profile of the chute 26 without being completely supported by gravity on the latter and, consequently, without forming, at this lower part , a belly effect pronounced by compaction prejudicial to the cutting operation.
  • the bottom 38 of the chute 3 with a double bottom 39 consisting of a plate 40 mounted by spacers 41 parallel to the internal face of said bottom (FIG. 9).
  • the spacers 41 four in number for example, are preferably constituted by elastic blocks, which can be provided on their opposite faces with studs 42, in particular threaded, by which they are fixed to the bottom 39 and the plate 40 (fig. 10).
  • Fig. 9 shows that the bottom 38 of the chute has a window 43 reserved for the passage of a vibrator 37 fixed under the double bottom 38.
  • the vibrator 37 is of the pneumatic type and is protected externally by a cowling 44 attached to the background 39.
  • the double bottom 40 has holes, not shown, for the passage of the pins 18.
  • the chute 3 After placing, as described above, a bag on the plate 40, the chute 3 is brought into its position of cooperation with the cover 17.
  • the bag comes to bear on the shaper 22 and the jacks are supplied to bring out the pins 12 and 18.
  • the knives 27 and 33 cut the bag and the shaper 22 opens the lower part.
  • the emptying by gravity is carried out and is completed by switching on the vibrator 37 which has the effect of causing the film or the layer of product adhering to the walls to slide and flow. and, on the other hand, also the product clumps which can be retained by possible folds.
  • the chute 3 to include temporary suspension means 45.
  • These means shown in FIG. 11 consist of pins 46 carried by a bar 47 fixed at the end of the rod of a jack to double effect 48.
  • the suspension of the jack 48 under the bottom 39 near the edge 3a is ensured by a casing 49 which envelops the pins 46.
  • the casing 49 is, for example, fixed by screws on the bottom 39 which has holes 50 made in coincidence with holes 59 made in the double bottom 39 for the passage of the pins 46.
  • This arrangement is more particularly intended for compieting the emptying of a double-envelope bag, that is to say comprising an outer envelope surrounding a bag containing the product.
  • the double bag is placed on the double bottom 39 while being oriented, in the case where the internal bag has one end forming a ligated collar, so that the collar is directed towards the edge 3a.
  • the jack 48 is supplied to bring the pins through the two envelopes of the bag which is thus immobilized on the double bottom 39.
  • the chute 3 is then brought into the emptying position, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the vibrator 37 is started to cause, first of all, the flow of the product towards the lower part of the bag which is then released by erasing the pins 46.
  • the double bag then slides by gravity and its lower end is received by the shaper 22.
  • the cycle described above takes place starting with the penetration of the pins 12 and 18 and by the operation of the knife 27 brought to simultaneously slice the two thicknesses of the double envelope.
  • the vibrator 37 can be stopped during this phase and restarted after opening the shaper or then be kept running when it is desired to simplify the control programmer.
  • the action of the vibrator makes it possible to perfect the emptying and to reduce to the smallest possible part or mass the residual fraction of product retained by the walls of the bag.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)
  • Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)

Abstract

1. Method for mechanically emptying the contents of bags of the type consisting in depositing a closed bag (4) over a movable receiving gullet (3), moving said gullet to apply it substantially tightly against the underneath part of a lid (17) topping a container (10) in which the contents of the bag are to be dropped, and in splitting the bag in its lower part, characterized in that mechanical means ensure the immobilization and the suspension of the bag in the lid (17) and in the receiving gullet (3).

Description

La présente invention est relative au vidage des sacs en papier, en matière plastique, en jute ou en toute autre matière.The present invention relates to the emptying of paper, plastic, jute or any other material bags.

Le secteur technique de l'invention est celui de la construction des appareils de manutention.The technical sector of the invention is that of the construction of handling equipment.

De nombreux produits pulvérulents ou granuleux sont emballés dans des sacs contenant une charge voisine de 50 kg, qu'un homme seul doit transporter d'une aire de stockage à un lieu d'utilisation du contenu. Pour vider les sacs après les avoir ouverts à une extrémité, il est donc nécessaire de les soulever puis de les retourner au-dessus d'un récipient recevant leur contenu. Une telle opération est donc physiquement fatigante et produit généralement beaucoup de poussière polluant l'atmosphère.Many powdery or granular products are packed in bags containing a load close to 50 kg, which a single man must transport from a storage area to a place of use of the contents. To empty the bags after opening them at one end, it is therefore necessary to lift them and then turn them over a container receiving their contents. Such an operation is therefore physically tiring and generally produces a lot of dust polluting the atmosphere.

Pour remédier à ces inconvénients, on a proposé des dispositifs mécaniques qui retournent les sacs et les vident dans une trémie munie d'un couvercle Dans de tels dispositifs, il est nécessaire d'ouvrir l'extrémité du sac avant de le basculer, ce qui ne permet pas, après, par retournement, d'obtenir de façon certaine une vidange totale. En outre, le retournement est effectué de façon manuelle de sorte que de tels dispositifs ne répondent pas au problème de la manutention et de la pollution.To overcome these drawbacks, mechanical devices have been proposed which turn the bags over and empty them into a hopper provided with a cover. In such devices, it is necessary to open the end of the bag before tilting it, which does not allow, after, by inversion, to obtain a certain total emptying. In addition, the turning is done manually so that such devices do not respond to the problem of handling and pollution.

On a proposé également d'autres matériels (FR-A-2367688) faisant intervenir un retournement mécanique du sac posé dans une goulotte de réception qui est ensuite déplacée pour être amenée en état de coopération avec un couvercle fixe surmontant un récipient de réception du contenu du sac. La goulotte et le couvercle forment alors ensemble une enveloppe sensiblement étanche dans laquelle le sac glisse jusqu'en appui sur une goulotte de réception interne au récipient. Dans cet état, une ouverture du sac est alors réalisée par une lame de scie coupant l'une des parois latérales du sac. Ces dispositifs font intervenir en plus une opération de basculement de la goulotte de réception de manière à provoquer le retournement de la partie fendue du sac afin de faciliter la vidange.Other equipment has also been proposed (FR-A-2367688) involving a mechanical turning of the bag placed in a reception chute which is then moved to be brought into a state of cooperation with a fixed cover surmounting a container for receiving the content. from the bag. The chute and the cover then together form a substantially sealed envelope in which the bag slides until it rests on a reception chute internal to the container. In this state, an opening of the bag is then produced by a saw blade cutting one of the side walls of the bag. These devices also involve a tilting operation of the receiving chute so as to cause the slit part of the bag to be turned over in order to facilitate emptying.

Si les dispositifs ci-dessus permettent de répondre de façon positive au problème de la manutention et du retournement du sac préalablement à la coupe, il y a lieu de noter qu'ils ne sont pas entièrement satisfaisants car la vidange du sac ne s'effectue pas de façon complète à chaque fois, notamment en fonction de la nature du sac et de son contenu.If the above devices make it possible to respond positively to the problem of handling and turning the bag before cutting, it should be noted that they are not entirely satisfactory because the bag is not emptied not completely every time, especially depending on the nature of the bag and its contents.

En effet, on a constaté que le glissement du sac en appui contre la goulotte inférieure provoque un tassement du contenu ayant pour effet de faire produire à la partie inférieure du sac un effet de ventre accentué, notamment dans la partie de ce dernier devant être soumise à l'opération de coupe.In fact, it has been found that the sliding of the bag in abutment against the lower chute causes the content to settle down, causing the bottom part of the bag to produce an accentuated belly effect, in particular in the part of the latter to be subjected. during the cutting operation.

Selon la nature du sac et celle du produit, ce glissement avec effet de ventre a pour effet de provoquer un tassement ou une sorte de compactage du produit qui perturbe par sa compacité l'action de coupe de la lame de scie. Il en résulte généralement une coupe incorrecte ayant pour effet, au moment du retournement de la partie coupée, de produire des poches ou des plis ou pincements locaux s'opposant à une vidange complète du contenu du sac.Depending on the nature of the bag and that of the product, this sliding with belly effect has the effect of causing a compaction or a sort of compaction of the product which disturbs by its compactness the cutting action of the saw blade. This generally results in an incorrect cut having the effect, at the time of the inversion of the cut part, of producing pockets or local folds or pinches opposing a complete emptying of the contents of the bag.

Par ailleurs, le compactage ou le tassement du produit, dans la partie inférieure du sac située en-dessous de la coupe réalisée par la lame de scie, produit une sorte d'agglomération qui n'est pas favorable, même après le retournement, à une évacuation correcte et complète par simple effet de gravité.Furthermore, the compaction or compaction of the product, in the lower part of the bag located below the cut made by the saw blade, produces a kind of agglomeration which is not favorable, even after turning over, at correct and complete evacuation by simple gravity effect.

Outre les inconvénients ci-dessus, il faut noter que les sacs non correctement vidés sont ensuite repris et acheminés jusqu'à une aire de stockage, de sorte que les produits qu'ils contiennent encore sont vidés au moins partiellement au cours de cette manutention et ont pour effet de polluer le local mais aussi l'atmosphère respirée par le personnel chargé d'une telle opération, Il y a lieu de noter qu'un tel aspect a aussi une influence non négligeable sur le coût du produit final car toure la quantité de produit normalement contenu n'est pas véritablement utilisée. Cet aspect négatif est d'autant plus important que le coût du produit ou contenu est élevé.In addition to the above drawbacks, it should be noted that the bags which are not properly emptied are then taken up and transported to a storage area, so that the products which they still contain are at least partially emptied during this handling and have the effect of polluting the room but also the atmosphere breathed by the personnel in charge of such an operation, It should be noted that such an aspect also has a not insignificant influence on the cost of the final product because it turns the quantity normally contained product is not actually used. This negative aspect is all the more important as the cost of the product or content is high.

Un inconvénient supplémentaire des matériels actuels réside dans le fait que le tassement et l'effet de ventre, ainsi que l'utilisation de lames de scie ne permettent pas d'obtenir une coupe franche et correcte de l'enveloppe du sac. Il en résulte alors de façon fréquente, sinon continuelle, une production de fibres, déchets ou fragments de l'enveloppe du sac, lesquels sont ensuite entraînés avec le déversement du produit par gravité et viennent, par conséquent, polluer ce dernier dans l'installation de stockage en amont du ou des machines d'utilisation ou de transformation ou de traitement dudit produit. Une telle pollution peut, dans certains cas, être rédhibitoire pour la phase ultérieure ou alors implique l'existence d'un moyen de filtrage onéreux puisqu'il doit être spécifique au produit en cause en tenant compte de sa granulométrie, de son pouvoir d'agglomération et de son hygrométrie.An additional disadvantage of current equipment lies in the fact that the compaction and the belly effect, as well as the use of saw blades, do not allow a clean and correct cut of the envelope of the bag. This frequently, if not continuously, results in the production of fibers, waste or fragments of the envelope of the bag, which are then entrained with the discharge of the product by gravity and, consequently, pollute the latter in the installation. storage upstream of the machine or machines for use or transformation or treatment of said product. Such pollution can, in certain cases, be prohibitive for the subsequent phase or else implies the existence of an expensive filtering means since it must be specific to the product in question taking into account its particle size, its power of agglomeration and its hygrometry.

L'objet de l'invention vise à résoudre les problèmes ci-dessus et propose un nouveau procédé de vidage permettant de réaliser, de façon pratique, rapide et sûre, une coupe franche d'un sac ainsi qu'une vidange complète de son contenu.The object of the invention aims to solve the above problems and proposes a new emptying process making it possible to carry out, in a practical, fast and safe manner, a clean cut of a bag as well as a complete emptying of its contents. .

La conception de l'objet de l'invention est prévue pour assurer le maintien d'un sac plein sans que ce dernier ait tendance à produite un effet de ventre accentué comme cela résulte dans le cas d'appui de sa partie inférieure sur un support de réception, de manière à réaliser, dans tous les cas, une coupe correcte sans production de déchets ou de débris provenant du sac proprement dit.The design of the object of the invention is intended to ensure the maintenance of a full bag without the latter tending to produce an accentuated stomach effect as this results in the case of pressing its lower part on a receiving support, so as to achieve, in all cases, a correct cut without producing waste or debris from the bag itself.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de réaliser une coupe du sac dans les meilleures conditions favorables à l'ouverture par écoulement par gravité du produit, quelle que soit la façon dont le sac est fermé et la nature de sa matière le constituant. En d'autres termes, les moyens prévus selon l'invention visent à obtenir une ouverture correcte, même si le sac est réalisé en un matériau souple relativement résistant replié et cousu ou soudé pour assurer la fermeture.Another object of the invention is to cut the bag under the best conditions favorable to opening by gravity flow of the product, regardless of how the bag is closed and the nature of its material constituting it. In other words, the means provided according to the invention aim to obtain a correct opening, even if the bag is made of a relatively resistant flexible material folded and sewn or welded to ensure closure.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de faire en sorte que la vidange du produit par gravité soit complétée par un effet de vidange forcée ayant pour effet d'éliminer, de dégager ou de faire s'écouler tout produit résiduel susceptible d'être maintenu dans une poche, un repli ou un coin du sac afin d'obtenir une vidange la plus complète possible. Ceci permet de supprimer les risques de pollution extérieure du milieu environnant lors de la reprise des sacs vides et aussi de récupérer la quantité maximale du contenu de chaque sac.Another object of the invention is to ensure that the draining of the product by gravity is supplemented by a forced draining effect having the effect of eliminating, releasing or causing any residual product likely to be maintained to flow. in a pocket, a fold or a corner of the bag in order to obtain the most complete emptying possible. This eliminates the risk of external pollution of the surrounding environment during the recovery of empty bags and also to recover the maximum amount of content of each bag.

Un autre objet encore de l'invention est de permettre une vidange la plus complète possible en réduisant à la valeur minimale le film ou la couche de produit non aggloméré subsistant ordinairement sur la face interne du sac.Yet another object of the invention is to allow the most complete emptying possible by reducing to the minimum value the film or the layer of non-agglomerated product usually remaining on the internal face of the bag.

Un objet supplémentaire est de permettre aussi la vidange de sacs constitués par deux enveloppes non adhérentes pour des raisons de sécurité, de manutention ou de protection du produit ensaché.An additional object is to also allow the emptying of bags constituted by two non-adherent envelopes for reasons of safety, handling or protection of the bagged product.

Le procédé selon l'invention, pour vider mécaniquement le contenu de sacs, et du type selon lequel on dépose un sac fermé sur une goulotte réceptrice mobile, on déplace ladite goulotte pour l'appliquer de façon sensiblement étanche contre le dessous d'un un couvercle surmontant un récipient dans lequel le contenu du sac doit être déversé et on fend transversalement le sac dans sa partie inférieure, est caractérisé en ce qu'on assure par des moyens mécaniques l'immobilisation et la suspension du sac dans le couvercle et la goulotte réceptrice.The method according to the invention, for mechanically emptying the contents of bags, and of the type according to which a closed bag is deposited on a mobile receiving chute, said chute is moved to apply it in a substantially sealed manner against the underside of a lid surmounting a container into which the contents of the bag are to be poured and the bag is split transversely in its lower part, is characterized in that the bag is immobilized and suspended by mechanical means in the lid and the chute receptor.

L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus et comportant à cette fin, d'une part, des moyens d'immobilisation et de suspension d'un sac plein, fermé, dans une enveloppe constituée par une goulotte réceptrice mobile et un couvercle surmontant un récipient de réception du contenu de chaque sac, d'autre part, des moyens pour fendre le sac et constituée par un conformateur et par au moins une lame à tranchant.The invention also relates to a device for implementing the above method and comprising for this purpose, on the one hand, means for immobilizing and suspending a full, closed bag, in an envelope constituted by a mobile receiving chute and a cover surmounting a receptacle for receiving the content of each bag, on the other hand, means for slitting the bag and constituted by a shaping device and by at least one cutting edge blade.

Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description ci-dessous faite en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention.

  • La fig. 1 est une élévation latérale du dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention.
  • La fig. 2 est une vue en plan prise, à plus grande échelle,.selon la ligne II-II de la fig. 1.
  • La fig. 3 est une coupe transversale prise selon la ligne III-III de la fig. 2.
  • La fig. 4 est une vue en plan prise selon la ligne IV-IV de la fig. 1.
  • La fig. 5 est une coupe transversale prise selon la ligne V-V de la fig. 4.
  • La fig. 6 est une perspective montrant un autre élément constitutif du dispositif selon l'invention.
  • La fig. 7 est une vue analogue à la fig. 1 mais illustrant le dispositif dans une autre position de fonctionnement.
  • La fig. 8 est une vue schématique illustrant la mise en ouvre du procédé de l'invention au moyen du dispositif selon les figures précédentes.
  • La fig. 9 est une élévation latérale partielle représentant une autre disposition de l'invention.
  • La fig. 10 est une coupe-élévation partielle montrant, à plus grande échelle, un détail de réalisation.
  • La fig. 11 est une coupe transversale prise, à plus grande échelle, selon la ligne XI-XI de la fig. 9.
Various other characteristics will emerge from the description below made with reference to the appended drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the device for implementing the method of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view taken, on a larger scale, according to line II-II of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross section taken along line III-III of FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross section taken along the line VV of FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing another component of the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but illustrating the device in another operating position.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view illustrating the implementation of the method of the invention by means of the device according to the preceding figures.
  • Fig. 9 is a partial side elevation showing another arrangement of the invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a partial sectional elevation showing, on a larger scale, a detail of embodiment.
  • Fig. 11 is a cross section taken, on a larger scale, along the line XI-XI of FIG. 9.

La fig. 1 montre le dispositif selon l'invention comprenant un bâti 1 sur lequel est articulée, par au moins un axe 2, une goulotte 3 de réception d'un sac 4. Le bâti 1 supporte par une articulation 5 un vérin 6 dont la tige 7 est articulée un support 8 reliant la goulotte 3 à l'axe d'articulation 2. Le vérin 6 est destiné à pouvoir faire pâsser la goulotte 3 d'une position de chargement d'un sac 4, comme représenté à la fig. 1, à une seconde position, visible à la fig. 7, dans laquelle elle coopère étroitement avec un couvercle 9 porté par un récipient 10 qui est accolé ou fixé au bâti 1. Dans la position de coopération, la goulotte 3 et le récipient 9 forment ensemble une enveloppe 11 formée, sensiblement étanche qui est ouverte en direction du volume interne du récipient 10.Fig. 1 shows the device according to the invention comprising a frame 1 on which is articulated, by at least one axis 2, a chute 3 for receiving a bag 4. The frame 1 supports by an articulation 5 a jack 6 whose rod 7 is articulated a support 8 connecting the chute 3 to the hinge pin 2. The jack 6 is intended to be able to cause the chute 3 to move from a bag loading position 4, as shown in FIG. 1, in a second position, visible in FIG. 7, in which it cooperates closely with a cover 9 carried by a container 10 which is attached to or fixed to the frame 1. In the cooperation position, the chute 3 and the container 9 together form an envelope 11 formed, substantially sealed which is open towards the internal volume of the container 10.

Le dispositif est muni de moyens d'immobilisation et de suspension d'un sac 4 et ces moyens sont constitués par des griffes ou broches 12 qui s'élèvent, comme cela ressort des fig. 2 et 3, à partir du plan d'un cadre 13 porté par le couvercle 9. Le cadre 13 est relié à la tige 14 d'un vérin à double effet 15 porté par une embase 16 fixée sur le dessus 17 du couvercle 9. Cette disposition est prévue pour que les broches 12, dans la position d'extension de la tige du vérin 15, telle qu'illustrée par la fig. 1, traversent le couvercle 9 et fassent saillie par rapport au volume intérieur de ce dernier ou soient, au contraire, totalement escamotées par rapport audit volume dans une position de rétraction de la tige du vérin.The device is provided with means for immobilizing and suspending a bag 4 and these means consist of claws or pins 12 which rise, as can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, from the plane of a frame 13 carried by the cover 9. The frame 13 is connected to the rod 14 of a double-acting cylinder 15 carried by a base 16 fixed on the top 17 of the cover 9. This arrangement is provided so that the pins 12, in the extended position of the rod of the jack 15, as illustrated in FIG. 1, pass through the cover 9 and protrude relative to the interior volume of the latter or are, on the contrary, completely retracted with respect to said volume in a retraction position of the rod of the jack.

De préférence, les moyens d'immobilisation et de suspension d'un sac 4 sont complétés par un jeu de broches 18 portées par la goulotte 3 d'une façon analogue à ce qui est décrit pour le couvercle 9. Les broches 18 sont montées sur un cadre 19 qui est relié à la tige de piston d'un vérin 20 monté et fixé par une embase 21 sur le fond de la goulotte 3. Le vérin 20 est destiné à maintenir les broches 18 dans une position d'extension par rapport au volume internede la goulotte 3 ou, au contraire, à les faire escamoter par rapport audit volume.Preferably, the immobilization means and hanging a bag 4 are completed by a set of pins 18 carried by the chute 3 in a similar manner to that described for the cover 9. The pins 18 are mounted on a frame 19 which is connected to the piston rod of a jack 20 mounted and fixed by a base 21 on the bottom of the chute 3. The jack 20 is intended to hold the pins 18 in a position of extension relative to the internal volume of the chute 3 or, at the on the contrary, to make them retract with respect to said volume.

Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend également des moyens pour fendre la partie ou extrémité inférieure d'un sac 4 disposé dans l'enveloppe 11 et ces moyens comprennent, tout d'abord, comme cela est représenté aux fig. 1 et 6, un conformateur 22 constitué par un panneau, une plaque, ou un autre élément analogue 23 monté sur ou porté par un axe d'articulation 24 relié à un organe moteur 25.The device according to the invention also comprises means for slitting the lower part or end of a bag 4 disposed in the envelope 11 and these means comprise, first of all, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, a former 22 consisting of a panel, a plate, or the like 23 mounted on or carried by a hinge pin 24 connected to a drive member 25.

La plaque 23 est disposée en partie à l'intérieur du volume du récipient 10 en étant située dans le prolongement du volume interne du couvercle 9. La partie inférieure de la plaque 23 forme une goulotte de conformation 26 qui est située, par rapport aux broches ou griffes du couvercle, à une distance qui est légèrement inférieure à celle comprise entre la partie supérieure d'un sac 4 en position de chargement dans la goulotte 3 et les broches 18. La goulotte 26 s'étend, perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal du couvercle 9, en étant située sensiblement dans le plan de ce dernier parallèle au dessus 17.The plate 23 is partly arranged inside the volume of the container 10, being located in the extension of the internal volume of the cover 9. The lower part of the plate 23 forms a shaping chute 26 which is located, relative to the pins or claws of the cover, at a distance which is slightly less than that between the upper part of a bag 4 in the loading position in the chute 3 and the pins 18. The chute 26 extends, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cover 9, being located substantially in the plane of the latter parallel to the top 17.

Les moyens pour fendre un sac selon l'invention comprennent également au moins un ensemble de coupe transversale formé par une lame 27 à tranchant qui est rendue mobile le long d'une voie de guidage 28 s'étendant parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de la goulotte 26. La voie de guidage 28 est disposée latéralement au plan médian longitudinal de la goulotte 26, de telle façon que le tranchant de la lame 27 intersecte le plan passant par le bord libre 26a de la goulotte et parallèle au plan longitudinal médian de cette dernière. La lame 27 est montée sur un chariot 29 qui est, par exemple, porté par des glissières 30 constituant la voie de guidage 28. Le chariot 29 est relié à un organe moteur 31 tel qu'un vérin.The means for slitting a bag according to the invention also comprise at least one cross-sectional assembly formed by a cutting edge blade 27 which is made mobile along a guide track 28 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chute 26. The guide track 28 is disposed laterally to the longitudinal median plane of the chute 26, so that the cutting edge of the blade 27 intersects the plane passing through the free edge 26a of the chute and parallel to the median longitudinal plane of this last. The blade 27 is mounted on a carriage 29 which is, for example, carried by slides 30 constituting the guide track 28. The carriage 29 is connected to a drive member 31 such as a jack.

Le dispositif décrit ci-dessus fonctionne de la façon suivante.The device described above operates as follows.

Dans la position selon la fig. 1, un sac 4 est chargé sur la goulotte 3 de manière à reposer sur le fond 3a. Le vérin 6 est alors alimenté pour provoquer le basculement et le retournement de la goulotte 3 qui est amenée dans la position selon la fig. 7. Au cours de ce retournement, le sac 4 a tendance à glisser et vient donc prendre appui dans la goulotte conformatrice 26. Dès que cette position est atteinte, les vérins 15 et 20 sont alimentés pour provoquer l'extension des broches 12 et 18 amenées à pénétrer dans le sac 4 placé dans l'enveloppe 11. Les broches 12 et 18 assurent alors l'immobilisation et le maintien en suspension du sac 4 dans la position requise dans laquelle la partie inférieure est juste conformée par la goulotte 26.In the position according to fig. 1, a bag 4 is loaded on the chute 3 so as to rest on the bottom 3a. The jack 6 is then supplied to cause the chute 3 to tip over and turn over which is brought into the position according to FIG. 7. During this reversal, the bag 4 tends to slide and therefore comes to bear in the shaping chute 26. As soon as this position is reached, the jacks 15 and 20 are supplied to cause the extension of the pins 12 and 18 brought into the bag 4 placed in the envelope 11. The pins 12 and 18 then immobilize and keep the bag 4 in suspension in the required position in which the lower part is just shaped by the chute 26.

Cette phase du cycle de fonctionnement peut être contrôlée par un programme d'alimentation des vérins établi de façon prédéterminée ou asservi par exemple à un palpeur placé à fond de goulotte.This phase of the operating cycle can be controlled by a power supply program for the jacks established in a predetermined manner or controlled, for example, by a probe placed at the bottom of the chute.

L'organe moteur 31 est alors commandé de manière à soumettre la lame 27 à un déplacement dans le sens de la flèche f1 qui a pour effet de réaliser une coupe transversale F1, illustrée à la fig. 8, de la paroi latérale correspondante du sac à proximité de l'extrémité inférieure de ce dernier et sur sensiblement la moitié de l'épaisseur. L'organe moteur 31, s'il s'agit par exemple d'un vérin, reste en alimentation de manière à maintenir la lame 27 dans la position de fin de coupe, puis le vérin 25 est commandé pour faire basculer le conformateur 22 dans le sens de la flèche f2. La goulotte 26 est ainsi effacée du fond ou de l'extrémité inférieure du sac 4, de sorte que la vidange intervient par effet de gravité, les produits contenus dans le sac 4 provoquant l'ouverture de l'extrémité du sac à partir de la fente F1.The drive member 31 is then controlled so as to subject the blade 27 to a movement in the direction of the arrow f 1 which has the effect of producing a cross section F 1 , illustrated in FIG. 8, of the corresponding side wall of the bag near the lower end of the latter and over substantially half the thickness. The drive member 31, if it is for example a jack, remains in supply so as to maintain the blade 27 in the end-of-cut position, then the jack 25 is controlled to tilt the shaper 22 into the direction of the arrow f 2 . The chute 26 is thus erased from the bottom or from the lower end of the bag 4, so that the emptying takes place by gravity, the products contained in the bag 4 causing the end of the bag to open from the slot F 1 .

Lorsque le sac est vide, le vérin 15 est alimenté pour provoquer l'escamotage ou l'effacement des broches ou griffes 12, de manière à libérer le sac 4 vide par rapport au couvercle 9. Le vérin 6 est ensuite alimenté pour ramener la goulotte 3 dans la position selon la fig. 1 puis le vérin 20 est commandé pour provoquer l'effacement des griffes ou broches 18 et permettre alors, au personnel chargé de la conduite du dispositif, de prélever le sac vide avant le chargement d'un nouveau sac 4 plein.When the bag is empty, the actuator 15 is supplied to cause the retraction or erasure of the pins or claws 12, so as to release the empty bag 4 relative to the cover 9. The actuator 6 is then supplied to bring back the chute 3 in the position according to fig. 1 then the jack 20 is controlled to cause the erasure of the claws or pins 18 and then allow the personnel responsible for operating the device to take the empty bag before loading a new full bag 4.

Dans de nombreaux cas, la nature des produits contenus dans les sacs 4 ne permet pas d'obtenir, par simple gravité, une vidange complète et l'objet de l'invention est de remédier à cet inconvénient en prévoyant des moyens de vidange forcée.In many cases, the nature of the products contained in the bags 4 does not make it possible to obtain, by simple gravity, a complete emptying and the object of the invention is to remedy this drawback by providing means of forced emptying.

Ces moyens de vidange forcée comprennent des moyens d'insufflation d'un fluide sous pression à l'intérieur du sac 4 en cours ou après vidange par gravité et, de façon préférée, ces moyens d'insufflation sont constitués au moins par certaines des broches 12 du couvercle 9. Le fig. 3 montre que certaines au moins des broches 12 sont alors, de préférence, tubulaires et comportent, dans leur paroi périphérique, des ouvertures ou trous d'insufflation 12a. Les broches 12 tubulaires sont, dans un tel cas, prolongées au-delà du cadre 13 de manière à former chacun un embout 12b de raccordement avec un circuit de distribution alimenté par un générateur d'un fluide sous pression, par exemple de l'air.These means for forced emptying comprise means for insufflating a pressurized fluid inside the bag 4 during or after emptying by gravity and, preferably, these means for insufflation consist at least of some of the pins 12 of the cover 9. FIG. 3 shows that at least some of the pins 12 are then preferably tubular and have, in their peripheral wall, openings or blowing holes 12a. The tubular pins 12 are, in such a case, extended beyond the frame 13 so as to each form a nozzle 12b for connection with a distribution circuit supplied by a generator of a pressurized fluid, for example air .

Dans la phase du cycle de fonctionnement correspondant à la suspension d'un sac 4 dans l'enveloppe 11 et, de préférence, en fin de vidange par gravité, intervient alors l'alimentation des broches 12 en fluide sous pression de manière à créer une insufflation de fluide à l'intérieur du sac et provoquer ainsi un écoulement forcé du contenu résiduel pouvant être retenu, aggloméré ou de toute autre façon immobilisé à l'intérieur du sac.In the phase of the operating cycle corresponding to the suspension of a bag 4 in the envelope 11 and, preferably, at the end of emptying by gravity, the feed then intervenes. tion of the pins 12 in pressurized fluid so as to create an insufflation of fluid inside the bag and thus cause a forced flow of the residual content which can be retained, agglomerated or in any other way immobilized inside the bag.

Bien que cela ne soit pas représenté aux dessins, une disposition analogue peut être envisagée pour ce qui concerne certaines au moins des broches 18 affectées à la goulotte 3.Although this is not shown in the drawings, a similar arrangement can be envisaged with regard to at least some of the pins 18 assigned to the chute 3.

Les moyens de vidange forcée font également intervenir, comme cela apparait à la fig. 1, une buse de soufflage 32 qui est disposée à l'intérieur du récipient 10, de manière à être dirigée sensiblement au niveau de la fente F1 de la partie inférieure du sac. Cette buse 32 est alimentée également en fluide sous pression de manière que le jet qu'elle produit atteigne l'intérieur de la languette 4a résultant de la coupe ou fente F1 et normalement soumise à un repliement par l'effet de chute par gravité des produits contenus dans le sac.The means of forced emptying also involve, as it appears in fig. 1, a blowing nozzle 32 which is arranged inside the container 10, so as to be directed substantially at the level of the slot F 1 of the lower part of the bag. This nozzle 32 is also supplied with pressurized fluid so that the jet which it produces reaches the inside of the tongue 4a resulting from the cut or slot F 1 and normally subjected to folding by the effect of falling by gravity of the products contained in the bag.

Dans certains cas, le sac 4 est réalisé en une matière d'autant plus difficile à couper au niveau de l'extrémité inférieure que cette dernière a subi, lors de la fermeture, un ou plusieurs plis préalables à une couture ou une soudure. Pour obtenir dans ces cas une ouverture suffisante de la partie inférieure du sac et permettre une vidange complète du produit, les moyens pour fendre ladite partie inférieure du sac sont, de préférence, complétés selon l'invention, comme cela ressort des fig. 1 et 6, par un ensemble de coupe longitudinale. Cet ensemble comprend deux lames 33 disposées paralelement entre elles et perpendiculairement à la voie 28 en étant placées, par ailleurs, à l'opposé de cette dernière par rapport à la goulotte de conformation 26. Les lames 33 sont portées par une barre 34 qui est assujettie à un organe moteur 35 capable d'en assurer le déplacement selon une direction perpendiculaire à celle de déplacement de l'ensemble de coupe transversale. Les lames 33 affectent, de préférence, une forme triangulaire et possèdent un tranchant sur leur base et le côté incliné dirigé vers la voie 28. Les lames sont normalement disposées pour que les bases soient situées sensiblement dans le plan du fond de la goulotte 26 qui comporte, à cet effet, des dégagements 36 se prolongeant dans la plaque 23 pour permettre le passage des lames 33. Ainsi, par exemple, dans l'état selon la fig. 1, après la coupe transversale exécutée au moyen de la lame 27, le vérin 35 est alimenté de manière à provoquer le déplacement des lames 33 dans le sens de la flèche f3. Les lames 33 sont ainsi amenées à exécuter deux fentes locales, longitudinales F2 dans la partie inférieure du sac à proximité des deux angles de ce dernier de manière à assouplir lesdits angles, ainsi que la languette 4a résultant de la fente F1. De cette manière, l'écoulement par gravité peut s'effectuer sans zone de rétention étant donné que les parties fendues et isolées de l'extrémité inférieure du sac sont suffisamment souples pour être effacées par le passage du produit libéré.In certain cases, the bag 4 is made of a material which is all the more difficult to cut at the level of the lower end that the latter has undergone, during closure, one or more folds prior to a seam or a weld. To obtain in these cases a sufficient opening of the lower part of the bag and to allow complete emptying of the product, the means for slitting said lower part of the bag are preferably supplemented according to the invention, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 6, by a set of longitudinal sections. This assembly comprises two blades 33 arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the track 28 while being placed, moreover, opposite the latter relative to the shaping chute 26. The blades 33 are carried by a bar 34 which is subject to a drive member 35 capable of moving it in a direction perpendicular to that of movement of the cross-section assembly. The blades 33 preferably have a triangular shape and have a cutting edge on their base and the inclined side directed towards the track 28. The blades are normally arranged so that the bases are located substantially in the plane of the bottom of the chute 26 which has, for this purpose, clearances 36 extending into the plate 23 to allow the passage of the blades 33. Thus, for example, in the state according to FIG. 1, after the cross section made by means of the blade 27, the jack 35 is supplied so as to cause the blades 33 to move in the direction of the arrow f 3 . The blades 33 are thus caused to execute two local, longitudinal slits F 2 in the lower part of the bag near the two angles of the latter so as to soften said angles, as well as the tongue 4a resulting from the slit F 1 . In this way, the flow by gravity can take place without a retention zone since the split and insulated parts of the lower end of the bag are flexible enough to be erased by the passage of the released product.

Ainsi que cela ressort de ce qui précède, les moyens selon l'invention permettent de réaliser une coupe franche et nette sand production de déchets, produits ou autres provenant de la matière constitutive du sac, étant donné que les fentes F, ou F2 sont exécutées par des lames à tranchant et que la partie inférieure à fendre du sac 4 est juste conformée par le profil de la goulotte 26 sans être totalement en appui par gravité sur cette dernière et, par conséquent, sans former, au niveau de cette partie inférieure, un effet de ventre prononcé par tassement préjudiciable à l'opération de coupe.As is apparent from the above, the means according to the invention make it possible to achieve a frank and clean cut sand production of waste, products or other from the material of the bag, since the slots F, or F 2 are executed by cutting blades and that the lower part to be split of the bag 4 is just shaped by the profile of the chute 26 without being completely supported by gravity on the latter and, consequently, without forming, at this lower part , a belly effect pronounced by compaction prejudicial to the cutting operation.

Selon la nature du produit et/ou de la matière du sac, il peut se faire que la vidange par gravité et la vidange forcée laisse subsister quand même une pellicule ou un film sur les parois du sac ainsi que des amas dans les plis.Depending on the nature of the product and / or the material of the bag, it may happen that the gravity emptying and the forced emptying still allow a film or film to remain on the walls of the bag as well as lumps in the folds.

Pour parfaire la vidange du sac 4, il est prévu de munir le fond 38 de la goulotte 3 d'un double-fond 39 constitué par une plaque 40 montée par des entretoises 41 parallèlement à la face interne dudit fond (fig. 9). Les entretoises 41, au nombre de quatre, par exemple, sont, de préférence, constituées par des blocs élastiques, pouvant être munis sur leurs faces opposées de goujons 42, notamment filetés, par lesquels ils sont fixés sur le fond 39 et la plaque 40 (fig. 10).To complete the emptying of the bag 4, provision is made to provide the bottom 38 of the chute 3 with a double bottom 39 consisting of a plate 40 mounted by spacers 41 parallel to the internal face of said bottom (FIG. 9). The spacers 41, four in number for example, are preferably constituted by elastic blocks, which can be provided on their opposite faces with studs 42, in particular threaded, by which they are fixed to the bottom 39 and the plate 40 (fig. 10).

La fig. 9 montre que le fond 38 de la goulotte présente une fenêtre 43 réservée au passage d'un vibreur 37 fixé sous le double fond 38. De préférence, le vibreur 37 est du type pneumatique et se trouve protégé extérieurement par un capotage 44 rapporté sur le fond 39.Fig. 9 shows that the bottom 38 of the chute has a window 43 reserved for the passage of a vibrator 37 fixed under the double bottom 38. Preferably, the vibrator 37 is of the pneumatic type and is protected externally by a cowling 44 attached to the background 39.

Il est évident que le double-fond 40 présente des trous, non représentés, pour le passage des broches 18.It is obvious that the double bottom 40 has holes, not shown, for the passage of the pins 18.

Après avoir placé, comme décrit précédemment un sac sur la plaque 40, la goulotte 3 est amenée dans sa position de coopération avec le couvercle 17. Le sac vient prendre appui sur le conformateur 22 et les vérins sont alimentés pour faire sortir les broches 12 et 18. Les couteaux 27 et 33 tranchent le sac et le conformateur 22 ouvre la partie inférieure. A cet instant, la vidange par gravité s'effectue et se trouve complétée par la mise en marche du vibreur 37 qui a pour effet de faire glisser et s'écouler, d'une part, le film ou la couche de produit adhérant aux parois et, d'autre part, aussi les amas de produit pouvant être retenus par des plis éventuels.After placing, as described above, a bag on the plate 40, the chute 3 is brought into its position of cooperation with the cover 17. The bag comes to bear on the shaper 22 and the jacks are supplied to bring out the pins 12 and 18. The knives 27 and 33 cut the bag and the shaper 22 opens the lower part. At this instant, the emptying by gravity is carried out and is completed by switching on the vibrator 37 which has the effect of causing the film or the layer of product adhering to the walls to slide and flow. and, on the other hand, also the product clumps which can be retained by possible folds.

Le cycle se déroule ensuite comme dit ci-dessus.The cycle then takes place as said above.

Selon une autre disposition de l'invention, il est prévu de faire comporter à la goulotte 3, des moyens de suspension temporaire 45. Ces moyens, représentés à la fig. 11 sont constitués par des broches 46 portées par une barre 47 fixée en bout de la tige d'un vérin à double effet 48. La suspension du vérin 48 sous le fond 39 à proximité du bord 3a est assurée par un carter 49 qui enveloppe les broches 46. Le carter 49 est, par exemple, fixé par des vis sur le fond 39 qui présente des trous 50 pratiqués en coïncidence avec des trous 59 ménagés dans le double-fond 39 pour le passage des broches 46.According to another arrangement of the invention, provision is made for the chute 3 to include temporary suspension means 45. These means, shown in FIG. 11 consist of pins 46 carried by a bar 47 fixed at the end of the rod of a jack to double effect 48. The suspension of the jack 48 under the bottom 39 near the edge 3a is ensured by a casing 49 which envelops the pins 46. The casing 49 is, for example, fixed by screws on the bottom 39 which has holes 50 made in coincidence with holes 59 made in the double bottom 39 for the passage of the pins 46.

Cette disposition est plus particulièrement destinée à compiéter le vidage de sac à double enveloppe, c'est-à-dire comportant une enveloppe extérieure entourant un sac contenant le produit.This arrangement is more particularly intended for compieting the emptying of a double-envelope bag, that is to say comprising an outer envelope surrounding a bag containing the product.

Dans un tel cas, en effet, le sac double est placé sur le double fond 39 en étant orienté, dans le cas où le sac interne comporte une extrémité formant un collet ligaturé, de manière que le collet soit dirigé vers le bord 3a. Après mise en place, le vérin 48 est alimenté pour amener les broches à traverser les deux enveloppes du sac qui est ainsi immobilisé sur le double fond 39.In such a case, in fact, the double bag is placed on the double bottom 39 while being oriented, in the case where the internal bag has one end forming a ligated collar, so that the collar is directed towards the edge 3a. After installation, the jack 48 is supplied to bring the pins through the two envelopes of the bag which is thus immobilized on the double bottom 39.

La goulotte 3 est ensuite amenée en position de vidange, comme illustré par la fig. 7. Dans cette position, le vibreur 37 est mis en marche pour provoquer, tout d'abord, l'écoulement du produit vers la partie inférieure du sac qui est ensuite libéré par effacement des broches 46. Le double sac glisse alors par gravité et son extrémité basse est reçue par le conformateur 22. Dans cet état, le cycle décrit précédemment se déroule en débutant par la pénétration des broches 12 et 18 et par le fonctionnement du couteau 27 amené à trancher simultanément les deux épaisseurs de l'enveloppe double. Le vibreur 37 peut être arrêté pendant cette phase et remis en marche après ouverture du conformateur ou alors être maintenu en marche lorsqu'il est souhaité simplifier le programmateur de commande.The chute 3 is then brought into the emptying position, as illustrated in FIG. 7. In this position, the vibrator 37 is started to cause, first of all, the flow of the product towards the lower part of the bag which is then released by erasing the pins 46. The double bag then slides by gravity and its lower end is received by the shaper 22. In this state, the cycle described above takes place starting with the penetration of the pins 12 and 18 and by the operation of the knife 27 brought to simultaneously slice the two thicknesses of the double envelope. The vibrator 37 can be stopped during this phase and restarted after opening the shaper or then be kept running when it is desired to simplify the control programmer.

Dans les deux cas ci-dessus, l'action du vibreur permet de parfaire la vidange et de réduire à la plus petite partie ou masse possible la fraction résiduelle de produit retenue par les parois du sac.In the two cases above, the action of the vibrator makes it possible to perfect the emptying and to reduce to the smallest possible part or mass the residual fraction of product retained by the walls of the bag.

Claims (20)

1. Method for mechanically emptying the contents of bags of the type consisting in depositing a closed bag (4) over a movable receiving gullet (3), moving said gullet to apply it substantially tightly against the underneath part of a lid (17) topping a container (10) in which the contents of the bag are to be dropped, and in splitting the bag in its lower part, characterized in that mechanical means ensure the immobilization and the suspension of the bag in the lid (17) and in the receiving gullet (3).
2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that vibrations are applied to the bag, after splitting its lower part.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that vibrations are applied to the bag before splitting its lower part.
4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the bag is temporarily immobilized on the gullet in the loading position, in that the gullet is brought into cooperation with the lid and in that vibrations are applied to the said bag.
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a full closed bag is immobilized and suspended, the lower part of said bag is shaped and said lower part is split by making at least one cut therethrough.
6. Method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that a bag is immobilized and suspended, the lower part is shaped and said part is split by cutting through it substantially horizontally and with at least one partial longitudinal and substantially vertical cut starting from the lower end of the suspended bag.
7. Method according to one of claims 1-5 or 6, characterized in that a full closed bag is immobilized and suspended, the lower part of said bag is shaped and the said lower part is split by making a through cut and two longitudinal cuts close to the angular parts of said bag.
8. Method according to one of claims 1-5-6 or 7, characterized in that a bag is immobilized and suspended, the lower part of said bag is shaped, and said lower part is split, the bag being left to empty by gravity, then said bag is forced-drained by way of a pressurized fluid inside the bag to drain out its contents.
9. Mechanical device for emptying the contents of the bag (4) of the type comprising a receiving gullet (3) movable about an axis (2) and designed to receive a closed bag, a lid (17) topping a container (10) into which the contents of the bag is to be dropped and presenting shapes that are complementary to those of the gullet (3) in order to form therewith on its lower face a substantially tightly closed envelope, mechanical means (6) for pivoting the said gullet from a first bag-loading position to a second bag-emptying position in which it constitutes the envelope with the lid and means for splitting the bag, device characterized in that it comprises, for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 8, means (12, 18) for immobilizing and suspending a closed full bag inside the envelope, the means for splitting the bag being constituted by a shaping device (22) and by at least one sharp blade (27).
10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises means (32) for force-draining the bag of its contents.
11. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the means for immobilizing and suspending a full bag inside the envelope are constituted by rods (12, 18) carried by the lid (17) and by the gullet (3) to penetrate into a full bag.
12. Device according to one of claims 9 or 11, characterized in that the means for immobilizing and suspending a full bag are constituted by rods (12, 18) movable in the direction of their longitudinal axis under the action of a driving member (15, 20) with the added function of releasing the empty bag.
13. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the means for splitting the bag comprise a shaping device (22) for the lower part of a suspended full bag (4) and a cutting assembly (27) for cutting through the said lower part, said assembly comprising a sharp blade (27) borne by a carriage (29) connected to a driving member (31) and mounted on a supporting and guiding track (28) which extends in parallel to the side walls of the bag (4).
14. Device according to claim 9 or 13, characterized in that the means for splitting the bags comprise a shaping device for shaping the lower part of a suspended full bag (4), a transverse cutting assembly (27) and an assembly for cutting longitudinally the said lower part, said longitudinal cutting assembly comprising at least one sharp blade (33) connected to a driving member (35) and mounted so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the longitudinal cutting assembly.
15. Device according to one of claims 9, 13 or 14, characterized in that the means for splitting the bag comprise a shaping device (22) constituted by a panel (23) which is retractable on an axis parallel to the direction of transverse cutting, forming by its lower portion a shaping gullet (26) open towards the top, of longitudinal axis parallel to the transverse cutting and placed between the longitudinal and transverse cutting assemblies, whilst being separated from the suspension means by a distance just below the length of the bag which in the suspended state is between the said means and the lower end portion of the bag (4).
16. Device according to claim 9 or 12, characterized in that it comprises immobilization and suspension means which partly constitute the force-draining means comprising rods (12, 18) carried by the lid (17) and by the gullet (3) and designed to penetrate into a full bag (4) and some of which at least are tubular, perforated at least in part of their wall and connected to a generator of pressurized fluid.
17. Device according to claim 10 and 16, characterized in that the force-draining means comprise at least one nozzle (32) connected to a pressurized fluid generator and directed perpendicularly to the plane of the bag (4) close to the split lower part thereof.
18. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises force-draining means with means (37) adapted on the gullet (3) to apply vibrations to the bag (4).
19. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the means to apply vibrations comprise a base plate (38) mounted on the inner face of the bottom (39) of the gullet (3) via elastic blocks (41) and supporting a generator of vibrations (37) traversing an aperture (43) of the bottom of the gullet over which is placed a protection cap (44) enclosing the generator.
20. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the means adapted over the gullet comprise a series of pins (46) carried by the rod of a jack (48) secured on the bottom (40) of the gullet (3) close to the loading edge (3a) a casing for supporting the jack on the gullet enclosing the pins and holes (50, 51) made at the bottom of the gullet and in the base plate to allow the said pins through.
EP80420028A 1979-03-05 1980-03-04 Method and apparatus for mechanically emptying bags Expired EP0015861B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80420028T ATE3016T1 (en) 1979-03-05 1980-03-04 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MECHANICAL EMPTYING OF BAGS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7906192A FR2450768A1 (en) 1979-03-05 1979-03-05 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MECHANICALLY EMPTYING BAGS
FR7906192 1979-03-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0015861A1 EP0015861A1 (en) 1980-09-17
EP0015861B1 true EP0015861B1 (en) 1983-04-13

Family

ID=9222996

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80420028A Expired EP0015861B1 (en) 1979-03-05 1980-03-04 Method and apparatus for mechanically emptying bags

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0015861B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE3016T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3062674D1 (en)
ES (1) ES489221A0 (en)
FR (1) FR2450768A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH654479A5 (en) * 1982-01-28 1986-02-28 Kurt Brandenberger Device for discharging of urine bags.
GB2137393B (en) * 1983-03-29 1986-02-05 Burroughs Corp Autoteller card-handling mechanism
FR2675017B1 (en) * 1991-04-12 1993-06-25 Fala Ste Indle Levure DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS SUPPLY AND THROUGH A DOSER OF A BAKERY PETRE IN GRANULATED YEAST.
DE4135919C2 (en) * 1991-10-31 1994-02-24 Sic Ag Basel Device for opening firm, compressible wrappings or flexible bags
EP2308760A1 (en) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-13 Immobiliare Felloni di Felloni Massimo Disposal assembly, particularly for deformable containers
GB2537407A (en) * 2015-04-16 2016-10-19 Palamatic Ltd Apparatus and method for opening a sealed sack containing particulate material
CN110723374A (en) * 2019-11-05 2020-01-24 南通大学附属医院 Peritoneal dialysis waste liquid automatic treatment device

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1247513A (en) * 1967-11-03 1971-09-22 King Ltd Geo W Apparatus for opening and emptying bags of material
NL144214B (en) * 1969-06-20 1974-12-16 T B M A Europ N V DEVICE FOR OPENING A BAG FILLED WITH DUMP.
FR2367688A1 (en) * 1976-10-15 1978-05-12 Ribot Robert Sack emptying appts. using chute - inverts sack, cuts it open, discharges contents and discards empty sack

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2450768A1 (en) 1980-10-03
ATE3016T1 (en) 1983-04-15
FR2450768B1 (en) 1983-12-09
EP0015861A1 (en) 1980-09-17
ES8200619A1 (en) 1981-11-16
DE3062674D1 (en) 1983-05-19
ES489221A0 (en) 1981-11-16

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