EP0015799B1 - Apparatus for revaporizing liquefied gases and process for manufacturing such an apparatus - Google Patents

Apparatus for revaporizing liquefied gases and process for manufacturing such an apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0015799B1
EP0015799B1 EP80400211A EP80400211A EP0015799B1 EP 0015799 B1 EP0015799 B1 EP 0015799B1 EP 80400211 A EP80400211 A EP 80400211A EP 80400211 A EP80400211 A EP 80400211A EP 0015799 B1 EP0015799 B1 EP 0015799B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
ribs
collector
boring
tubes
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EP80400211A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0015799A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-François Martin
Drouineau
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Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretagne ACB SA
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Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretagne ACB SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F28F1/16—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means being integral with the element, e.g. formed by extrusion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F28F1/422—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element with outside means integral with the tubular element and inside means integral with the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0316—Water heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/039—Localisation of heat exchange separate on the pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0397—Localisation of heat exchange characterised by fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
    • F28D2021/0064—Vaporizers, e.g. evaporators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49396—Condenser, evaporator or vaporizer making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for evaporating liquefied gases, such as methane, at low temperature.
  • the bundle tubes are welded to an inlet manifold, where the product is brought under pressure, at low temperature and in the liquid state, and an outlet manifold, where the vaporized product is at about the same pressure. than at the entrance, but at a temperature close to ambient.
  • the materials used to manufacture the vaporizing devices have been aluminum alloys containing as main alloying elements either 0.5% of mag - nesium and 0.5% of silicon, or approximately 5% of zinc and about 1% of the magnesium.
  • the present invention therefore provides a device for evaporating liquified gases, comprising a bundle of aluminum alloy tubes containing magnesium welded at one of their ends to a manifold which receives the liquefied gas, at low temperature and under high pressure, and, at the other end, to an outlet manifold which evacuates the evaporated gas, at a temperature close to ambient and at a pressure close to that of the inlet manifold, this device further comprising means for producing a runoff of water on the outside surface of the tubes.
  • the alloy used contains: magnesium 3.5 to 4.5%, manganese 0.2 to 0.7%, chromium 0.05 to 0.25%, and at most 0.4% silicon, 0.5% iron, 0.10% copper, 0.25% zinc and 0.15% titanium, the remainder being aluminum with the usual impurities, and each tube comprises, over practically its entire length , on the one hand, the internal fins and, on the other hand, two diametrically opposite external fins.
  • the section of a tube comprises a circular central body 1, provided with two diametrically opposite external fins 2, 3, each of them having a cross section which decreases as it moves away from the body, without canceling out at the end, and is connected to the body by a fillet.
  • the body has an interior passage 4, presenting eight interior fins 5.
  • each tube has a length of approximately 5 m, the external diameter of the body is 40 mm, the lengths of the external and internal fins being 20 and 6 mm respectively.
  • the particular shape of the tube required the development of a particular technique to weld these tubes on the manifolds.
  • tubes of much larger diameter than tubes, and of the same metal are thick-walled to resist the pressure and the weight of the spray tubes, and have a flat on their upper and lower sides, this flat being of width greater than the outside diameter of the body of the spray tubes.
  • Figure 2 shows in section a tube and a manifold.
  • the tubes are welded to the manifolds with their outer fins in the same plane, separated by an interval of the order of a millimeter so as to form a panel.
  • the interval between the tubes is chosen so as to allow for expansion, but without the risk of creating discontinuities due to the film of water flowing on the panel.
  • a heating water distributor is arranged around the outlet manifold; it consists of an open bottom channel, which lets out a suitable water flow on both sides of the panel.
  • the panel is extended beyond the last tube by a profile parallel to this tube, having at least one wing located in the extension of the outer fin of this tube which is directed towards the outside of the panel, this wing being separated from said fin by a distance similar to that which separates the fins from each other inside the panel, about 1 mm for example. This avoids a discontinuity in the runoff film at the edge of the last tube.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est relative à un dispositif pour revaporiser des gaz liquéfiés, tels que du méthane, à basse température.The present invention relates to a device for evaporating liquefied gases, such as methane, at low temperature.

Divers gaz, par exemple le méthane ou le gaz naturel, sont stockés et/ou transportés à l'état liquide, à une température très basse, par exemple - 160°C, et, pour les utiliser, on doit les ramener au voisinage de la température ordinaire, et à l'état gazeux. Cette revaporisa- tion se fait habituellement sous pression assez élevée, 100 bars environ, dans des échangeurs du type à ruissellement d'eau, constitués par un faisceau de tubes traversés par le produit à revaporiser et sur la surface desquels on fait ruisseler de l'eau (GB-A-911847).Various gases, for example methane or natural gas, are stored and / or transported in the liquid state, at a very low temperature, for example - 160 ° C, and, to use them, they must be brought in the vicinity of ordinary temperature, and in the gaseous state. This re-vaporization is usually carried out under fairly high pressure, around 100 bars, in exchangers of the water run-off type, constituted by a bundle of tubes traversed by the product to be re-evaporated and on the surface of which is run off. water (GB-A-911847).

Les tubes du faisceau sont soudés à un collecteur d'entrée, où le produit est amené sous pression, à basse température et à l'état liquide, et un collecteur de sortie, où le produit vaporisé se trouve sous à peu près la même pression qu'à l'entrée, mais à température voisine de l'ambiante.The bundle tubes are welded to an inlet manifold, where the product is brought under pressure, at low temperature and in the liquid state, and an outlet manifold, where the vaporized product is at about the same pressure. than at the entrance, but at a temperature close to ambient.

Jusqu'ici, les matériaux utilisés pour fabriquer les dispositifs revaporiseurs ont été les alliages d'aluminium contenant comme principaux éléments d'alliage soit 0,5% du mag- nesium et 0,5% du silicium, soit environ 5% de zinc et environ 1 % du magnesium.Up to now, the materials used to manufacture the vaporizing devices have been aluminum alloys containing as main alloying elements either 0.5% of mag - nesium and 0.5% of silicon, or approximately 5% of zinc and about 1% of the magnesium.

Ces alliages présentent des difficultés en ce qui concerne leurs caractéristiques mécaniques et leur soudage; ils présentent de plus l'inconvénient d'une mauvaise résistance à la corrosion en présence d'eaux chargées de chlorures, telles que les eaux saumâtres qu'on trouve fréquemment au voisinage des ports de déchargement de navires méthaniers, ces corrosions apparaissant surtout au niveau des soudures des tubes sur les collecteurs.These alloys present difficulties with regard to their mechanical characteristics and their welding; they also have the disadvantage of poor resistance to corrosion in the presence of water laden with chlorides, such as brackish water which is frequently found in the vicinity of the unloading ports of LNG carriers, these corrosions appearing especially at the level welds of the tubes on the manifolds.

D'autres alliages sont évidemment utilisables mais ils présentent alors des difficultés d'obtention et de mise en forme, si bien qu'on ne peut les utiliser que sous forme de tubes de dessin très simple et qu'on obtient alors de médiocres coefficients d'échange, ce qui oblige à avoir des dispositifs de plus grandes dimensions, donc plus coûteux. Le problème qui se pose est donc celui d'obtenir une combinaison satisfaisante entre la nature du métal, le dessin de l'appareillage, et notamment des tubes, et le mode de soudure.Other alloys are obviously usable but they then present difficulties in obtaining and shaping, so that they can only be used in the form of very simple drawing tubes and that we then obtain poor coefficients d 'exchange, which requires having devices of larger dimensions, therefore more expensive. The problem which arises is therefore that of obtaining a satisfactory combination between the nature of the metal, the design of the apparatus, and in particular of the tubes, and the welding method.

La présente invention fournit donc un dispositif revaporiseur pour gaz liquifiés, comprenant un faisceau de tubes en alliage d'aluminium contenant du magnésium soudés à une de leurs extrémités à un collecteur qui reçoit le gaz liquéfié, à basse température et sous pression élevée, et, à l'autre extrémité, à un collecteur de sortie qui évacue le gaz revaporisé, à température voisine de l'ambiante et sous une pression voisine de celle du collecteur d'entrée, ce dispositif comportant en outre des moyens pour produire un ruissellement d'eau sur la surface extérieure des tubes. Selon l'invention l'alliage utilisé contient: magnésium 3,5 à 4,5%, manganèse 0,2 à 0,7%, chrome 0,05 à 0,25%, et au plus 0,4% de silicium, 0,5% de fer, 0,10% de cuivre, 0,25% de zinc et 0,15% de titane, le reste étant de l'aluminium avec les impuretés usuelles, et chaque tube comporte, sur pratiquement toute sa longueur, d'une part des ailettes intérieures et, d'autre part, deux ailettes extérieures diamétralement opposées.The present invention therefore provides a device for evaporating liquified gases, comprising a bundle of aluminum alloy tubes containing magnesium welded at one of their ends to a manifold which receives the liquefied gas, at low temperature and under high pressure, and, at the other end, to an outlet manifold which evacuates the evaporated gas, at a temperature close to ambient and at a pressure close to that of the inlet manifold, this device further comprising means for producing a runoff of water on the outside surface of the tubes. According to the invention, the alloy used contains: magnesium 3.5 to 4.5%, manganese 0.2 to 0.7%, chromium 0.05 to 0.25%, and at most 0.4% silicon, 0.5% iron, 0.10% copper, 0.25% zinc and 0.15% titanium, the remainder being aluminum with the usual impurities, and each tube comprises, over practically its entire length , on the one hand, the internal fins and, on the other hand, two diametrically opposite external fins.

L'invention sera expliquée plus en détail en s'aidant des figures parmi lesquelles:

  • Fig. 1 est une vue en coupe d'un tube du dispositif vaporiseur:
  • Fig. 2 est un schéma montrant le mode de soudage.
The invention will be explained in more detail with the aid of the figures among which:
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a tube of the vaporizing device:
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the welding mode.

Selon la figure 1, la section d'un tube comprend un corps central circulaire 1, pourvue de deux ailettes extérieures diamètralement opposées 2, 3, chacune d'elle ayant une section transversale qui diminue en s'écartant du corps, sans s'annuler en extrémité, et se raccorde au corps par un congé.According to Figure 1, the section of a tube comprises a circular central body 1, provided with two diametrically opposite external fins 2, 3, each of them having a cross section which decreases as it moves away from the body, without canceling out at the end, and is connected to the body by a fillet.

Le corps comporte un passage intérieur 4, présentant huit ailettes intérieures 5.The body has an interior passage 4, presenting eight interior fins 5.

L'épaisseur de la paroi du tube entre deux ailettes est d'environ 1/10 du diamètre du corps alors que la longueur radiale d'une ailette est d'environ une fois et demie cette épaisseur. Le tube est un profilé obtenu par filage, l'alliage utilisé, à savoir celui qui est spécifie en détail ci- dessus, se pretant bien à cette technique. Dans une réalisation pratique, chaque tube a une longueur d'environ 5 m, le diamètre extérieur du corps est de 40 mm, les longueurs des ailettes extérieures et intérieures étant respectivement de 20 et 6 mm.The thickness of the wall of the tube between two fins is approximately 1/10 of the diameter of the body while the radial length of a fin is approximately one and a half times this thickness. The tube is a profile obtained by spinning, the alloy used, namely that which is specified in detail above, lends itself well to this technique. In a practical embodiment, each tube has a length of approximately 5 m, the external diameter of the body is 40 mm, the lengths of the external and internal fins being 20 and 6 mm respectively.

La forme particulière du tube a exigé la mise au point d'une technique particulière pour souder ces tubes sur les collecteurs.The particular shape of the tube required the development of a particular technique to weld these tubes on the manifolds.

Ceux-ci sont des tubes de diamètre nettement supérieur à celui des tubes, et du même métal. Ils sont à paroi épaisse pour résister à la pression et au poids des tubes de vaporisation, et présentent un méplat sur leurs côtés supérieur et inférieur, ce méplat étant de largeur supérieure au diamètre extérieur du corps des tubes de vaporisation.These are tubes of much larger diameter than tubes, and of the same metal. They are thick-walled to resist the pressure and the weight of the spray tubes, and have a flat on their upper and lower sides, this flat being of width greater than the outside diameter of the body of the spray tubes.

La figure 2 montre en coupe un tube et un collecteur.Figure 2 shows in section a tube and a manifold.

Les opérations préparatoires comprennent:

  • a) dégagement des ailettes extérieures 2 sur une longueur de 120 mm environ,
  • b) alésage conique de l'intérieur du tube 1 de façon à ramener progressivement la hauteur des ailettes internes 5 à 0 mais sans diminuer l'épaisseur du tube entre ces ailettes,
  • c) perçage dans le collecteur 6, à travers le méplat, d'un alésage 7 radial de diamètre égal au diamètre intérieur du tube 1 après enlèvement des ailettes 5,
  • d) concentriquement à l'alésage décrit en c), l'alésage du collecteur 6, à partir du méplat, sur une profondeur de 5 mm environ, d'un diamètre égal au diamètre extérieur du tube 1,
  • e) exécution sur le collecteur d'une gorge 8 concentrique à l'alésage 7, l'espace entre cette gorge et l'alésage étant égal à l'épaisseur de paroi du tube 1 en dehors des ailettes intérieures. L'utilité de cette gorge est de réduire les concentrations de contraintes au niveau du soudage;
  • f) emmanchement du tube 1 dans l'alésage décrit en d),
  • g) exécution de la soudure 9 entre le tube 1 et le méplat du collecteur 6.
Preparatory operations include:
  • a) clearance of the outer fins 2 over a length of approximately 120 mm,
  • b) tapered bore inside the tube 1 so as to gradually reduce the height of the internal fins 5 to 0 but without reducing the thickness of the tube between these fins,
  • c) drilling in the manifold 6, through the flat, a radial bore 7 of diameter equal to the inside diameter of the tube 1 after removal of the fins 5,
  • d) concentric with the bore described in c), the bore of the manifold 6, from the flat, to a depth of approximately 5 mm, with a diameter equal to the outside diameter of the tube 1,
  • e) execution on the manifold of a groove 8 concentric with the bore 7, the space between this groove and the bore being equal to the wall thickness of the tube 1 outside the internal fins. The usefulness of this groove is to reduce the stress concentrations at the welding level;
  • f) fitting of the tube 1 into the bore described in d),
  • g) execution of the weld 9 between the tube 1 and the flat portion of the manifold 6.

Les tubes sont soudés sur les collecteurs avec leurs ailettes extérieures dans un même plan, séparées par un intervalle de l'ordre du millimètre de façon à former un panneau. L'intervalle entre les tubes est choisi de façon à permettre le jeu des dilatations, mais sans risque de créer des discontinuités dues au film d'eau qui ruisselle sur le panneau.The tubes are welded to the manifolds with their outer fins in the same plane, separated by an interval of the order of a millimeter so as to form a panel. The interval between the tubes is chosen so as to allow for expansion, but without the risk of creating discontinuities due to the film of water flowing on the panel.

Un distributeur d'eau de réchauffage est disposé autour du collecteur de sortie; il est constitué d'un chenal à fond ouvert, qui laisse échapper un débit d'eau convenable sur les deux faces du panneau.A heating water distributor is arranged around the outlet manifold; it consists of an open bottom channel, which lets out a suitable water flow on both sides of the panel.

Suivant une disposition intéressante, le panneau est prolongé au delà du dernier tube par un profilé parallèle à ce tube, ayant au moins une aile située dans le prolongement de l'ailette extérieure de ce tube qui est dirigé vers l'extérieur du panneau, cette aile étant séparée de ladite ailette par un distance analogue à celle qui sépare les ailettes les unes des autres à l'intérieur du panneau, environ 1 mm par exemple. On évite ainsi une discontinuité du film d'eau de ruissellement au bord du dernier tube.According to an advantageous arrangement, the panel is extended beyond the last tube by a profile parallel to this tube, having at least one wing located in the extension of the outer fin of this tube which is directed towards the outside of the panel, this wing being separated from said fin by a distance similar to that which separates the fins from each other inside the panel, about 1 mm for example. This avoids a discontinuity in the runoff film at the edge of the last tube.

Claims (3)

1. Device for revaporizing liquefied gases comprising a bundle of tubes constituted of an aluminium alloy containing magnesium and welded at one of their ends to an input collector which receives the liquefied gas at low temperature and under high pressure and, at the other end, to an output collector which evacuates the revaporized gas at a temperature near the ambient temperature and under a pressure near that of the input collector, this device further comprising means for sprinkling the outer surface of the tubes with water, characterized in that the alloy contains: 3.5 to 4.5% of magnesium, 0.2 to 0.7% of manganese, 0.05 to 0.25% of chrome and at most 0.4% of silicium, 0.5% or iron, 0.10% of copper, 0.25% of zinc and 0.15% of titane, the rest being aluminium with the usual impurities, and in that each tube comprises, on practically its whole length, on the one hand inner ribs and on the other hand two diametrically opposed outer ribs.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubes are fixed in alignment on the collectors parallely to one another with the outer ribs in the same plane and separated by an interval sufficient to permit the free space for the expansions and deformations, but insufficient for causing a discontinuity in a water film, and in that the rim of the panel thus formed comprises beyond the last tube a profile element parallely to this tube, having at least one wing situated in the prolongation of the outer rib of this tube which is directed to the exterior of the panel, this wing being separated from said rib by a distance analogous to that which separates the ribs from one another within the panel.
3. Process for manufacturing a device according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that tubular collectors (6) are used, which present on their length a flat part of a width at least equal to the outer diameter of the tube not taking into account the outer ribs (2, 3), and in that, in order to weld the tubes (1) on the input and output collectors (6), the following preparatory steps are taken:
a) uncovering of the outer ribs (2, 3) on a length of about 120 mm;
b) conical boring of the interior of the tube (1) so as to reduce progressively the height of the inner ribs (5) to zero but without diminishing the thickness of the tube between these ribs;
c) application through the flat part in the collector of a radial boring (7) of the same diameter as the inner diameter of the tube (1) after removal of the ribs (5);
d) boring of the collector concentrically to the boring described under c), beginning in the flat part at a depth of about 5 mm, of a diameter equal to the outer diameter of the tube after removal of the ribs,
e) execution on the collector of a groove (8) concentric to the boring (7), the distance between this groove and the boring being equal to the thickness of the walls of the tube (1) outside the inner ribs,
f) insertion of the tube into the boring described in d),
g) execution of the welding between the tube and the flat part of the collector.
EP80400211A 1979-02-12 1980-02-12 Apparatus for revaporizing liquefied gases and process for manufacturing such an apparatus Expired EP0015799B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7903432 1979-02-12
FR7903432A FR2448684A1 (en) 1979-02-12 1979-02-12 DEVICE FOR REVAPORIZING LIQUEFIED GASES

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EP0015799A1 EP0015799A1 (en) 1980-09-17
EP0015799B1 true EP0015799B1 (en) 1982-10-27

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US (1) US4317269A (en)
EP (1) EP0015799B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3060984D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2448684A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1982003675A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4783969A (en) * 1986-07-30 1988-11-15 Penox Technologies, Inc. Cryogenic withdrawal apparatus and method
US5390500A (en) * 1992-12-29 1995-02-21 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic fluid vaporizer system and process
US5344717A (en) * 1993-01-25 1994-09-06 Micro Motion, Incorporated Method of brazing and apparatus
FR2731018B1 (en) * 1995-02-24 1997-04-04 Pechiney Rhenalu SHEET FOR WELDED CONSTRUCTION IN ALMGMN ALLOY WITH IMPROVED MECHANICAL RESISTANCE
FR2731019B1 (en) * 1995-02-24 1997-08-22 Pechiney Rhenalu WELDED CONSTRUCTION PRODUCT IN ALMGMN ALLOY WITH IMPROVED MECHANICAL RESISTANCE
DE10240640B3 (en) * 2002-09-03 2004-02-12 Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Gas generator casing manufacturing process involves friction welding to depth less than tube wall thickness

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2322341A (en) * 1940-01-27 1943-06-22 Morris F Booth Heat exchange unit

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US1322341A (en) * 1919-11-18 Universal joint
US2183043A (en) * 1937-05-25 1939-12-12 Babcock & Wilcox Co Pressure vessel
US2216033A (en) * 1938-06-01 1940-09-24 Kellogg M W Co Method of forming lined connectors
US2286271A (en) * 1940-03-07 1942-06-16 Universal Cooler Corp Heat transfer device
US2294030A (en) * 1940-03-09 1942-08-25 Universal Cooler Corp Heat exchange device
GB911847A (en) * 1960-04-06 1962-11-28 North Thames Gas Board Improvements relating to the vaporisation of liquefied methane
FR1415766A (en) * 1964-09-17 1965-10-29 Finned tube for heat exchangers and its manufacture
FR2270343B1 (en) * 1974-05-09 1978-01-27 Gedes

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US2322341A (en) * 1940-01-27 1943-06-22 Morris F Booth Heat exchange unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3060984D1 (en) 1982-12-02
EP0015799A1 (en) 1980-09-17
FR2448684A1 (en) 1980-09-05
US4317269A (en) 1982-03-02
WO1982003675A1 (en) 1982-10-28
FR2448684B1 (en) 1982-05-07

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