EP0015188B1 - Perfectionnements à un appareil d'électrolyse de l'eau - Google Patents

Perfectionnements à un appareil d'électrolyse de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0015188B1
EP0015188B1 EP80400185A EP80400185A EP0015188B1 EP 0015188 B1 EP0015188 B1 EP 0015188B1 EP 80400185 A EP80400185 A EP 80400185A EP 80400185 A EP80400185 A EP 80400185A EP 0015188 B1 EP0015188 B1 EP 0015188B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
groove
annular
fact
electrolyte
grooves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80400185A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0015188A1 (fr
Inventor
Gérard Pere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Creusot Loire SA
Original Assignee
Creusot Loire SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Creusot Loire SA filed Critical Creusot Loire SA
Priority to AT80400185T priority Critical patent/ATE264T1/de
Publication of EP0015188A1 publication Critical patent/EP0015188A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0015188B1 publication Critical patent/EP0015188B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements to an apparatus intended for the electrolysis of water, in an alkaline medium, under pressure.
  • the electrolysis apparatus according to the invention is a bipolar electrode apparatus equipped with a stack of frames recalling the structure of a filter press.
  • an electrolysis device comprises cells containing an electrolyte and equipped with electrodes. Under the effect of an electric field established between the electrodes, the ions move, in the direction of this field, towards the said electrodes. The cations move towards the cathode and the anions move towards the anode. When the ions arrive on the electrodes they give up their electric charge there and are transformed into neutral atoms.
  • the electrolyte is water generally added to potash. The reactions on the electrodes lead to the formation of hydrogen on the cathode and oxygen on the anode. Each cathode is separated from the opposite anode by a diaphragm. The water consumed must be replaced. Also, electrolyte is supplied through supply channels at the bottom of the cells. Oxygen gas and hydrogen gas which are produced on the electrodes are collected at the top of the cells.
  • each electrode is anodic on one side and cathodic on the other. These electrodes are called bipolar.
  • Some bipolar devices operate at high temperature and pressure. This pressurized operation provides better efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a satisfactory sealing system for an electrolysis apparatus having a structure of the filter press type.
  • This sealing system collects any electrolyte leaks and recycles them. At the same time, it prevents leakage of the electrolyte supplying the cells and leakage of the gases formed by electrolysis. It is used to make a water barrier and is used to detect leaks.
  • This system is suitable for an electrolysis device operating at a pressure above 30 bar and at a temperature above 80 ° C.
  • the electrolysis apparatus comprises a set of cells housed in a stack of annular bracing frames, the annular surfaces of which mark joint planes opening to the outside and each equipped with electrode plates and a diaphragm which forms compartments each containing a pressurized electrolyte supplied by at least one supply channel, the gases formed by electrolysis being evacuated towards channels and it is essentially characterized in that at each joint plane leading to the outside is associated on the one hand an annular distributor groove supplied with water at a pressure higher than the supply pressure of the electrolyte and on the other hand an annular collecting groove allowing the evacuation of the liquid flowing through the plane of joint, the perimeter of the distributing groove being less than that of the collecting groove.
  • the grooves are formed in the planar annular bearing surfaces of the frames, with respect to the electrode plates.
  • the apparatus comprises a group of electrolysis cells 1 housed in an envelope formed of annular frames 2.
  • This stack of frames 2 is enclosed in an enclosure 3 consisting of a bell and a closing tray.
  • the stack of frames 2 is clamped between two clamping plates 4 and 5 housed inside the enclosure.
  • the volume 6 which is between the outside of the frame group and the inside of the enclosure 3 is filled with a gas, such as nitrogen, at a pressure substantially equal to the pressure of the electrolyte.
  • the two clamping plates 4 and 5 are joined by tie rods (or an equivalent system) which serve to bring them one relative to the other by tightening the intermediate elements.
  • Each bracing frame 2 inserted between the plates 4 and 5 has an annular shape. It is delimited by two generally flat annular bearings 21 and 22 and it forms a central bore 23.
  • the external surface of each of these frames can be prismatic or cylindrical and similarly the surface of the central bore 23 can be prismatic or cylindrical.
  • Each cell is delimited between two electrode plates 7 and comprises a diaphragm 8.
  • the diaphragms and the electrode plates are arranged vertically, alternately along the longitudinal axis of the device.
  • the electrode plates 7 are made of nickel for example.
  • the diaphragms 8 are advantageously made of a material resistant to temperature and pressure, for example, asbestos cardboard.
  • the electrode plates and the diaphragms form, with the bracing frames, a succession of compartments 9 and 10.
  • the compartments 9 contain the anolyte and are located on the side of the anode faces 71 of the electrode plates 7.
  • the compartments 10 are arranged alternately with the compartments 9 and contain the catholyte and are located on the side of the cathode faces 72 of the electrode plates 7.
  • Each diaphragm 8 closes the entire cross section of the bore 23 and is engaged at its periphery in an annular groove of a bracing frame.
  • Each electrode plate 7 is inserted between the bearings 21 and 22 of two bracing frames 2. Its face 71 is in contact with an annular bearing 21 of a frame, its face 72 being in contact with an annular bearing 22 from another frame. It forms with the two bracing frames which surrounds it, two parallel joint planes. These two parallel joint planes 21-71 and 22-72 open into the outer chamber 6.
  • a supply channel 24 which passes through at least one of the clamping plates 4 and 5 supplies the electrolyte to the various electrolysis cells.
  • This channel 24 crosses all of the bracing frames 2, horizontally. It is connected to each compartment 9 or 10 by conduits 241.
  • the hydrogen which forms on the cathode face 72 of each electrode 7 rises in the corresponding cathode compartment and is collected at the upper part of this compartment by conduits 251.
  • These different conduits 251 open into a collecting channel 25 which extends horizontally over the entire length between the plates 4 and 5.
  • the oxygen which forms on the anode face 71 of each electrode plate 7 rises in the corresponding anode compartment and is collected at the top in conduits 261.
  • the different conduits 261 open out. chent in a collecting channel 26 which extends horizontally over the entire length between the plates 4 and 5.
  • Each joint plane formed between one face of an electrode plate and a bearing surface of an adjacent frame 2 is associated with a collecting groove marked 211 or 221.
  • the grooves 211 are associated with the joint bearing surfaces 21 in contact with the anode faces 71
  • the grooves 221 are associated with the joint surfaces 22 in contact with the cathode faces 72.
  • These grooves are embedded in the flat annular surfaces 21 or 22 of the bracing frames.
  • Two adjacent bracing frames are provided with two collecting grooves 211 and 221 symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the intermediate electrode plate. These opposite grooves communicate through one or more orifices 73 or 74 which pass right through the intermediate electrode plate.
  • Each collecting groove has an annular shape and its perimeter is greater than the perimeter of the bore 23. All the collecting grooves 211 and 221 are connected to each other by evacuation conduits 27 which pass through the annular frames, horizontally. Each discharge conduit 27 brings together two collecting grooves 211 and 221 of the same bracing frame.
  • This conduit is connected to a pipe which passes through the chamber 6 before leaving the enclosure. This piping drains the liquid collected in the collecting grooves towards a reservoir, not shown.
  • Each joint plane formed between one face of an electrode plate and a bearing surface of an adjacent frame is associated with a distributor groove marked 212 or 222.
  • the distributor grooves 212 are associated with the joint bearing surfaces 21 in contact with the anode faces 71
  • the distributor grooves 222 are associated with the joint surfaces 22 in contact with the cathode faces 72. These grooves are embedded in the flat annular surfaces 21 or 22 of the bracing frames.
  • On each side of each electrode plate are provided two distributor grooves 212 and 222 which are symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of this electrode. These opposite distributing grooves communicate through one or more orifices 74 which pass right through the intermediate electrode plate.
  • Each dispensing groove has an annular shape and its perimeter is greater than the perimeter of the bore of the frame but is less than the perimeter of the annular collecting groove. All the distributing grooves 212 and 222 are joined together by supply conduits 28 which pass horizontally through the bracing frames. Each supply conduit 28 brings together two collecting grooves 212 and 222 of the same bracing frame, one being associated with a joint surface such that 21 in contact with the anode face of an electrode, the other being associated with a joint surface such as 22 in contact with the cathode face of another electrode.
  • a distributor groove of the frame attached to a clamping plate such as 5 communicates with a conduit 52 arranged in this plate.
  • This supply duct 52 is connected to a supply pipe which passes through the chamber 6 before. leave the enclosure.
  • This supply piping is connected to a demineralized water supply. The pressure of the demineralized water supplied in the distributor grooves 212 and 222 is greater than the pressure prevailing in the electrolyte contained in the compartments.
  • Each distributor groove 212 or 222 has a layout such that the supply channel for the electrolyte 24 is located so as to pass inside the section delimited by the perimeter of this distributor groove. Similarly, the layout of each distributor groove is such that the gas discharge channels 25 and 26 are located inside the section delimited by the perimeter of this groove.
  • the distributing grooves 212 and 222 contain demineralized water supplied by the conduit 52 and the conduits 28.
  • the pressure of this demineralized water is greater than the pressure in the electrolyte contained in the channel 24 or the compartments 9 and 10.
  • the flow of demineralized water supplying the grooves 212 and 222 is impaired and, at the outlet of the duct 51, the flow must also be zero.
  • a gap leaving from chamber 6 develops, the nitrogen which passes through this gap is collected in a collecting groove 211 or 221 Downstream of duct 51 It would be possible to detect nitrogen.
  • demineralized water will pass through this gap and will be collected in a collecting groove 211 or 221. If a gap will develop between a groove 212 or 222 and the supply channel 24 , demineralized water would be added to the electrolyte and a flow rate of demineralized water through line 52 would be recorded. Should a gap develop from bore 23, leakage of the electrolyte could not occur. Demineralized water could then enter the compartment corresponding to the gap created. Leakage of hydrogen and oxygen to the outside cannot occur due to the position of the discharge channels 25 and 26 relative to the distributor grooves.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
EP80400185A 1979-02-09 1980-02-06 Perfectionnements à un appareil d'électrolyse de l'eau Expired EP0015188B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80400185T ATE264T1 (de) 1979-02-09 1980-02-06 Verbesserungen an einem apparat fuer wasserelektrolyse.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7903392 1979-02-09
FR7903392A FR2448583A1 (fr) 1979-02-09 1979-02-09 Perfectionnements a un appareil d'electrolyse de l'eau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0015188A1 EP0015188A1 (fr) 1980-09-03
EP0015188B1 true EP0015188B1 (fr) 1981-09-30

Family

ID=9221805

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80400185A Expired EP0015188B1 (fr) 1979-02-09 1980-02-06 Perfectionnements à un appareil d'électrolyse de l'eau

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4358357A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0015188B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE264T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3060049D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2448583A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO152222C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4425215A (en) 1982-09-27 1984-01-10 Henes Products Corp. Gas generator
FI90569C (fi) * 1992-08-31 1994-02-25 Neste Oy Elektrolyysilaitteisto vedyn tuottamiseksi
US5795450A (en) * 1997-03-04 1998-08-18 Shinko Pantec Co., Ltd. Apparatus for producing hydrogen and oxygen
CA2312058A1 (en) * 2000-06-22 2001-12-22 John Lee Electrolytic tank for the electrolysis of a liquid
EP1464730A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-06 CASALE ChEMICALS S.A. Frame structure for an electrochemical reactor of the filter-press type
US20100133097A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-06-03 Hydrogen Technology Applications, Inc. Hydrogen rich gas generator
CN102943281A (zh) * 2012-11-19 2013-02-27 扬州中电制氢设备有限公司 一种主极框
EP4180554A1 (en) * 2021-11-11 2023-05-17 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Electrolysis stack

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE514391C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US1199472A (en) * 1916-06-03 1916-09-26 Isaac H Levin Electrolytic apparatus.
US1799116A (en) * 1926-12-21 1931-03-31 Noeggerath Jacob Emil Electrolytic apparatus
CH286097A (de) * 1950-08-12 1952-10-15 Lonza Ag Druckelektrolyseur der Filterpressenbauart.
US2871179A (en) * 1955-04-01 1959-01-27 Lonza Ag Electrolytic water decomposer
DE1246687B (de) * 1960-04-12 1967-08-10 Demag Elektrometallurgie Gmbh Elektrolyseur in Filterpressbauart
US3290047A (en) * 1963-02-11 1966-12-06 North American Aviation Inc Relief seal with dual sealing surfaces
GB1145751A (en) * 1965-04-01 1969-03-19 John Thomson Anderson An electrolyser cell and frame and a method of making the same
BE793281A (fr) * 1971-12-23 1973-06-22 Rhone Progil Cadres pour cellules electrolytiques du type filtre-presse
FR2297672A1 (fr) * 1975-01-14 1976-08-13 Rech Tech Et Indles Electrolyseur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2448583B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1981-06-26
ATE264T1 (de) 1981-10-15
US4358357A (en) 1982-11-09
NO152222C (no) 1985-08-21
NO152222B (no) 1985-05-13
DE3060049D1 (en) 1981-12-10
FR2448583A1 (fr) 1980-09-05
EP0015188A1 (fr) 1980-09-03
NO800290L (no) 1980-08-11

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