EP0012829B1 - Straightening machine - Google Patents

Straightening machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0012829B1
EP0012829B1 EP79104472A EP79104472A EP0012829B1 EP 0012829 B1 EP0012829 B1 EP 0012829B1 EP 79104472 A EP79104472 A EP 79104472A EP 79104472 A EP79104472 A EP 79104472A EP 0012829 B1 EP0012829 B1 EP 0012829B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
straightening
rollers
machine
straightening machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79104472A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0012829A1 (en
Inventor
Horst Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TH Kieserling and Albrecht GmbH and Co
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TH Kieserling and Albrecht GmbH and Co
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Application filed by TH Kieserling and Albrecht GmbH and Co filed Critical TH Kieserling and Albrecht GmbH and Co
Priority to AT79104472T priority Critical patent/ATE2302T1/en
Publication of EP0012829A1 publication Critical patent/EP0012829A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D3/00Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
    • B21D3/02Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers
    • B21D3/05Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers arranged on axes rectangular to the path of the work

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a feeder for a straightening machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Straightening machines of this type are widely used because of their simplicity and because of a number of known advantages.
  • a decisive disadvantage of this type of straightener is that it only straightens in one plane. A workpiece curved in two planes must therefore be sent twice through such a straightening machine in order to obtain the desired straightness. Because of this disadvantage, these straightening machines are mainly used for straightening workpieces with an angular cross section, since no other continuous straightening machines have proven themselves for this purpose.
  • the result is the image of two prisms facing one another with their opening, which determine the passage cross-section that remains free for the workpiece when moving together.
  • the prisms on the arms are formed by prismatic profiled rollers or assembled into a prism.
  • the workpiece itself thus receives the feed necessary for the introduction into the straightening machine from the feed device. With this feed device, it is possible to achieve a preparation effect. This can be seen essentially in the fact that the workpiece to be fed is centered. The straightening and the intended avoidance of hitting the free ends of the workpiece to be straightened in this device indicate that this is a feed device for cross roll straightening machines.
  • a disadvantage of this device is that the entire length of the workpiece must be brought into the region of the arms or the prisms formed thereon. In the case of particularly crooked workpieces, it is not to be assumed that these will fall or roll into the feed device by themselves, rather special measures would have to be taken in this case to introduce the crooked workpiece into the channel. Setting up beyond the aforementioned centering of the workpiece in the sense that the workpiece is given permanent deformation is only possible to a very limited extent.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to simplify the feeding of bars and wire to the straightening machines mentioned at the beginning and to improve the straightening result.
  • this object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the feed device With its three rollers, the feed device is limited to gripping the workpiece over a short longitudinal section. As a result, the input curvature of the workpiece only plays a very minor role, since the deviation from the ideal shape is small on this short, captured area.
  • the combination of the prisms with the aligned circumferential profiling of the feed rollers allows the prisms which inhibit the axial feed and are immovable in the axial direction to be brought into contact with the workpiece only while it is being gripped or centered, while the workpiece, once centered, is only in contact with the Feed rollers is in contact and can be fed without significant friction losses.
  • the feed rollers make it possible to bend the workpiece strongly in their area, since they can get by with a small diameter, because the neighboring prisms take over the actual centering task and are not a hindrance when the rollers move together.
  • the stroke of the second roller must be large not only for centering the workpiece but also for initiating the aforementioned strong deflection or curvature.
  • the quick adjustment device according to the invention is provided on the second roller. It allows workpieces of any curvature to be inserted between the first three rollers without taking an excessive amount of time for the long stroke.
  • the embodiment of the invention according to claim 3 offers various advantages when loading the straightening machine and allows retrofitting existing straightening machines with a feeder or feeder. Even with new machines, it can make sense to separate the drive unit and the actual straightening machine. Then most straightening machines of the type mentioned at the beginning offer the possibility of loading them from any side.
  • the feature of claim 4 allows an optimal design of the degree of plasticization of the workpiece between the first three straightening rollers and the required deflection so that the workpiece finds its way between the subsequent straightening rolls.
  • the feature of claim 5 can be provided.
  • the large stroke of the second roller is necessary for two reasons, firstly because a large path is required for centering the workpiece and secondly because the first three rollers of a straightening machine designed according to the invention have to bend the workpiece the most anyway.
  • the first three rollers of the straightening machine according to the invention are all driven, even if they are built as separate feed devices.
  • the feature of claim 7 can be provided.
  • the width of the opening for the lateral feeding of the workpiece is increased without unnecessarily increasing the stroke of the second roller and thus the entire machine frame.
  • FIG. 1 shows a straightening machine 1 with a plurality of straightening rollers 2 to 8 which are rotatably arranged in a vertical plane and whose axes of rotation 52 are arranged at right angles to the direction of passage (arrow 12). Arrow 12 also indicates the machine center 26.
  • the straightening rollers have a profile 11 on their circumference (FIG. 6).
  • the straightening rollers 2 to 8 are profiled round, while the first three straightening rollers 14, 15, 16 are profiled prismatically.
  • the straightening rollers 2, 4, 6, 8 arranged above are in a common . . men crosshead 13 rotatably and rotatably driven. The crosshead adjusts these straightening rollers radially towards the workpiece 23 with the aid of spindles 41, 42.
  • the lower straightening rollers 3, 5, 7, 14 are mounted in the machine frame in a stationary and rotationally driven manner.
  • the straightening roller 16 is received in the machine frame so as to be displaceable in the direction of passage (arrow 53).
  • Straightening rollers 2 to 8 are overhung.
  • the straightening roller 15 is received in a fork-shaped holder 30 which is actuated by a cylinder 33 with a piston rod 29.
  • the cylinder 33 is attached to a cantilever plate 28 which protrudes from the machine frame 27.
  • the adjustment of the roller 15 with a hydraulic cylinder allows a particularly large stroke “H”, which is greater than the adjustment possibility of the other adjustable straightening rollers 2, 4, 6, 8 with the crosshead 13.
  • the second straightening roller 15 has a quick adjustment device 18 (cf. Fig. 7). This consists of the hydraulic cylinders 33, 34, a pneumatic cylinder 35, two storage vessels 36, 37 for the hydraulic fluid, two electromagnetically operated switching valves 39, 40 and a limit switch 38. The limit switch and the switching valves are connected by electrical lines 54, 55. Compressed air is supplied to the system via the switching valve 39 or, depending on the circuit, the same can escape through the switching valve.
  • the hydraulic output 36, 37 are connected with their lower output to the cylinders 34, 33 and absorb displaced hydraulic fluid from the latter.
  • the upper outputs of the hydraulic accumulators are connected to the switching valve 39, as are both chambers of the pneumatic cylinder 35.
  • the switching valve 40 is provided, with which this output can be opened and closed.
  • a control bevel 56 is provided on the roll holder 30, with which the limit switch 38 is actuated.
  • lateral support means 19 to 22 are provided for the workpiece 23. These are widely spreading prisms that center the workpiece as it moves together.
  • the lower prisms 19 and 22, which surround the lower rollers 14 and 16, are movable radially to the workpiece.
  • the prisms 11 of the rollers and the associated support elements are aligned and complement one another in the illustration according to FIGS. 2 to 6.
  • the support prism 20, 21 on the second roller 15 (seen in the direction of passage) is of split design.
  • the bevel of this prism on the machine stand side is integrally formed on the roller holder 30 as a continuation thereof.
  • the support 20 with the associated slope of the prism is articulated on the open, ie on the feed side of this prism, with a joint 24 on a web of the roller holder.
  • the orientation of the axis of rotation of this joint corresponds to the axes 9, 10 of the straightening rollers.
  • the support 20 can be folded upwards for the lateral insertion of the workpiece 23.
  • a cylinder 31 is provided which actuates the foldable support 20, thereby expanding the lateral opening between the rollers 15 and 16 and thus facilitating the lateral feeding of the workpiece.
  • the support 20 When the support 20 is folded down, a passage cross section tapering like an aperture when the straightening rollers move together results for the workpiece in which it is centered until the rollers themselves the workpiece capture in order to then begin with the actual axial transport of the workpiece.
  • the support 20 is folded down until it comes to rest against the stop 43 and forms a prism together with the roller holder support 21.
  • the straightening rollers 14 to 16 are designed together with the machine frame carrying them in the form of an independent machine unit 25 and arranged on the inlet side of the straightening machine. They can be arranged on any side of the remaining part of the leveler. This means that the straightening machine can be loaded from any side and direction.
  • the roller 16 is guided horizontally displaceably in the machine frame 27.
  • the workpiece 23 experiences its strongest bend between the first three rollers. Due to the resulting strong inclination of the workpiece start, special measures are required in individual cases so that the workpiece finds its way between the next straightening rollers during axial feed. For this purpose, the rollers 14 and 16 are set lower, so that the base of their circumferential profile is arranged by the dimension "S" below the machine center 26.
  • All straightening rollers are driven, as shown in the example of straightening rollers 15, 16 with the horizontal axes of rotation 9, 10 in FIG. 6. This takes place via a motor 47 standing on a table 48, which transmits the necessary drive torque to the straightening rollers via a gear 46.
  • the latter are connected with drive shafts 49, 50 to the gear 46.
  • the cardan shafts extend through the machine stand 27 in a rear recess 51.
  • the roll holder 44 of the lower roll 16 is supported on a bracket 45.
  • the dimension "S" by which the effective peripheral surface of the rollers 14 and 16 is offset from the following rollers 3, 5, 7, down on the same side of the workpiece, is designed so that the workpiece with the greatest area moment of inertia that the plasticization required for straightening is obtained by bending through the first three straightening rollers 14, 15, 16, just between the straightening rollers 2 and 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A machine for straightening elongated workpieces comprises a plurality of straightening rolls mounted one after the other to opposite sides of a workpiece to be straightened, substantially in a plane and turnable about axes normal to the direction of movement to the workpiece through the machine. At least the first three straightening rolls are mounted for rotation about their axes on a C-shaped support frame so that the workpiece may be introduced between the same from the open side of the C-shaped support frame. Lateral elements for centralizing the workpiece are coordinated with the first three straightening rolls. The second straightening roll and the centralizing elements coordinated therewith are movable in the aforementioned plane in a direction away from the first and the third roll through a large stroke accomplished by a quick adjusting mechanism, and to further facilitate lateral introduction of a workpiece from the open side of a C-shaped machine frame between the first three rolls, the centralizing element at this one side of the second roll can be tilted preferably about an axis parallel to that of the second roll in upward direction. The first three rolls and the elements cooperating therewith are preferably constructed as an independent machine unit.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Zuführ- bzw. Vorschubapparat für eine Richtmaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Richtmaschinen dieses Typs sind wegen ihrer Einfachheit und wegen einer Reihe bekannter Vorteile weit verbreitet. Ein entscheidender Nachteil dieses Richtmaschinen-Typs besteht darin, daß er nur in einer Ebene richtet. Ein in zwei Ebenen gekrümmtes Werkstück muß also zweimal durch eine solche Richtmaschine geschickt werden, um die gewünschte Geradheit zu erhalten. Wegen dieses Nachteils werden diese Richtmaschinen hauptsächlich zum Richten von im Querschnitt kantigen Werkstücken eingesetzt, da sich hierfür keine anderen Durchlaufrichtmaschinen bewährt haben.The invention relates to a feeder for a straightening machine according to the preamble of claim 1. Straightening machines of this type are widely used because of their simplicity and because of a number of known advantages. A decisive disadvantage of this type of straightener is that it only straightens in one plane. A workpiece curved in two planes must therefore be sent twice through such a straightening machine in order to obtain the desired straightness. Because of this disadvantage, these straightening machines are mainly used for straightening workpieces with an angular cross section, since no other continuous straightening machines have proven themselves for this purpose.

Es ist jedoch aus der Praxis bekannt, daß vom Walzprozeß kommende, im Querschnitt runde Werkstücke, wie Stangen oder Draht, meistens nur in einer Ebene krumm sind. Deshalb werden die eingangs genannten Richtmaschinen häufig auch zum Vorrichten von Rundmaterial benutzt.However, it is known from practice that workpieces coming from the rolling process which are round in cross-section, such as rods or wire, are mostly only curved in one plane. For this reason, the straightening machines mentioned at the outset are often also used to straighten round material.

Eine Schwierigkeit bei diesen Maschinen besteht in der Einbringung eines einzelnen Stabes in die Maschine. Aus der DE-A-2 540 731 ist eine Zuführeinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art bekannt. Diese Zuführeinrichtung erfasst das zuzuführende Werkstück auf seiner gesamten Länge und bildet mit mehreren Gruppen kammartig ineinandergreifender Arme einen variablen, dem Werkstückquerschnitt jeweils angepaßten Durchtrittsquerschnitt für das der Richtmaschine zuzuführende Richtgut.One difficulty with these machines is the insertion of a single bar into the machine. From DE-A-2 540 731 a feed device of the type mentioned is known. This feed device detects the workpiece to be fed along its entire length and, together with several groups of interdigitated arms, forms a variable passage cross-section, adapted to the workpiece cross section, for the leveling material to be fed to the straightening machine.

Greift man aus dieser Vielzahl von Armen zwei in achsialer Richtung einander benachbarte Arme heraus, so ergibt sich das Bild zweier mit ihrer Öffnung einander zugewandter Prismen, die beim Zusammenfahren den für das Werkstück freibleibenden Durchtrittsquerschnitt bestimmen. Die Prismen an den Armen werden von prismatisch profilierten bzw. zu einem Prisma zusammengesetzten Rollen gebildet. Das Werkstück erhält somit von der Zuführeinrichtung selbst den für das Einbringen in die Rtchtmaschine erforderlichen Vorschub. Mit dieser Zuführeinrichtung ist es möglich, einen Vorrichteffekt zu erzielen. Dieser ist wohl im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, daß das zuzuführende Werkstück zentriert wird. Das Vorrichten und das beabsichtigte Vermeiden des Schlagens der freien Enden des zu richtenden Werkstücks in dieser Vorrichtung deuten daraufhin, daß es sich dabei um eine Zuführungseinrichtung für Schrägwalzenrichtmaschinen handelt.If one grips two arms that are adjacent to one another in the axial direction from this multiplicity of arms, the result is the image of two prisms facing one another with their opening, which determine the passage cross-section that remains free for the workpiece when moving together. The prisms on the arms are formed by prismatic profiled rollers or assembled into a prism. The workpiece itself thus receives the feed necessary for the introduction into the straightening machine from the feed device. With this feed device, it is possible to achieve a preparation effect. This can be seen essentially in the fact that the workpiece to be fed is centered. The straightening and the intended avoidance of hitting the free ends of the workpiece to be straightened in this device indicate that this is a feed device for cross roll straightening machines.

Nachteilig bei dieser Vorrichtung ist, daß das Werkstück auf seiner gesamten Länge in den Bereich der Arme bzw. der daran ausgebildeten Prismen gebracht werden muß. Bei besonders krummen Werkstücken ist nicht davon auszugehen, daß diese von selbst in die Zuführvorrichtung hineinfallen oder rollen, vielmehr müßten in diesem Falle besondere Maßnahmen getroffen werden, um das krumme Werkstück in die Rinne einzubringen. Ein über das erwähnte Zentrieren des Werkstücks hinausgehendes Vorrichten in dem Sinne, daß dem Werkstück eine bleibende Verformung erteilt wird, ist nur in sehr beschränktem Maße möglich.A disadvantage of this device is that the entire length of the workpiece must be brought into the region of the arms or the prisms formed thereon. In the case of particularly crooked workpieces, it is not to be assumed that these will fall or roll into the feed device by themselves, rather special measures would have to be taken in this case to introduce the crooked workpiece into the channel. Setting up beyond the aforementioned centering of the workpiece in the sense that the workpiece is given permanent deformation is only possible to a very limited extent.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Zuführung von Stangen und Draht zu den eingangs erwähnten Richtmaschinen zu vereinfachen und das Richtergebnis zu verbessern.The object of the invention is therefore to simplify the feeding of bars and wire to the straightening machines mentioned at the beginning and to improve the straightening result.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Die Zuführeinrichtung beschränkt sich mit ihren drei Rollen auf das Erfassen des Werkstücks auf einem kurzen Längsabschnitt. Dadurch spielt die Eingangs-Krümmung des Werkstücks nur eine sehr untergeordnete Rolle, da die Abweichung von der idealen Form auf diesem kurzen erfassten Bereich klein ist. Die Kombination der Prismen mit der damit fluchtenden Umfangsprofilierung der Zuführrollen erlaubt es, die den achsialen Vorschub hemmenden und in achsialer Richtung unbeweglichen Prismen nur während des Erfassens bzw. Zentrierens des Werkstücks mit diesem in Kontakt zu bringen, während das einmal zentrierte Werkstück nur noch mit den Zuführrollen in Berührung steht und ohne nennenswerte Reibungsverluste vorgeschoben werden kann. Diese Zuführrollen erlauben es, das Werkstück in ihrem Bereich stark zu krümmen, da sie mit einem kleinen Durchmesser auskommen, weil die benachbarten Prismen die eigentliche Zentrieraufgabe übernehmen und beim Zusammenfahren der Rollen nicht hinderlich sind. Der Hub der zweiten Rolle muß nicht nur zum Zentrieren des Werkstücks sondern auch zur Einleitung der erwähnten starken Durchbiegung bzw. Krümmung desselben groß ausgelegt sein. Zur Erzielung nur kurzer Unterbrechungen des eigentlichen Richtbetriebs, zur Zuführung eines neuen Werkstücks, ist die erfindungsgemäße Schnellverstelleinrichtung an der zweiten Rolle vorgesehen. Sie erlaubt es, Werkstücke beliebiger Krümmung zwischen die ersten drei Rollen einzubringen, ohne für den langen Hub ein Übermaß an Zeit zu benötigen.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. With its three rollers, the feed device is limited to gripping the workpiece over a short longitudinal section. As a result, the input curvature of the workpiece only plays a very minor role, since the deviation from the ideal shape is small on this short, captured area. The combination of the prisms with the aligned circumferential profiling of the feed rollers allows the prisms which inhibit the axial feed and are immovable in the axial direction to be brought into contact with the workpiece only while it is being gripped or centered, while the workpiece, once centered, is only in contact with the Feed rollers is in contact and can be fed without significant friction losses. These feed rollers make it possible to bend the workpiece strongly in their area, since they can get by with a small diameter, because the neighboring prisms take over the actual centering task and are not a hindrance when the rollers move together. The stroke of the second roller must be large not only for centering the workpiece but also for initiating the aforementioned strong deflection or curvature. In order to achieve only short interruptions in the actual straightening operation, for feeding a new workpiece, the quick adjustment device according to the invention is provided on the second roller. It allows workpieces of any curvature to be inserted between the first three rollers without taking an excessive amount of time for the long stroke.

Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist in Anspruch 2 wiedergegeben.An embodiment of the invention is given in claim 2.

Die Ausgestaltung der Erfindung gemäß Anspruch 3 bietet verschiedene Vorzüge bei der Beschickung der Richtmaschine und erlaubt eine Nachrüstung vorhandener Richtmaschinen mit einem Zuführ-, bzw. Vorschubapparat. Auch bei neuen Maschinen kann es sinnvoll sein, die Trennung von Treibapparat und eigentlicher Richtmaschine vorzunehmen. Dann bietet sich bei den meisten Richtmaschinen der eingangs genannten Art die Möglichkeit, diese von beliebigen Seiten zu beschicken.The embodiment of the invention according to claim 3 offers various advantages when loading the straightening machine and allows retrofitting existing straightening machines with a feeder or feeder. Even with new machines, it can make sense to separate the drive unit and the actual straightening machine. Then most straightening machines of the type mentioned at the beginning offer the possibility of loading them from any side.

Das Merkmal von Anspruch 4 erlaubt eine optimale Auslegung des Plastifizierungsgrades des Werkstücks zwischen den ersten drei Richtrollen und der erforderlichen Durchbiegung, damit das Werkstück den Weg zwischen die nachfolgenden Richtwalzen findet.The feature of claim 4 allows an optimal design of the degree of plasticization of the workpiece between the first three straightening rollers and the required deflection so that the workpiece finds its way between the subsequent straightening rolls.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann das Merkmal von Anspruch 5 vorgesehen sein. Der große Hub der zweiten Rolle ist aus zwei Gründen erforderlich, zum einen, weil zum Zentrieren des Werkstücks ein großer Weg erforderlich ist und zum andern, weil die erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten ersten drei Rollen einer Richtmaschine das Werkstück ohnehin am stärksten durchbiegen müssen.In a further embodiment of the invention, the feature of claim 5 can be provided. The large stroke of the second roller is necessary for two reasons, firstly because a large path is required for centering the workpiece and secondly because the first three rollers of a straightening machine designed according to the invention have to bend the workpiece the most anyway.

Wie bei Richtmaschinen der hier in Rede stehenden Art ohnehin üblich, sind insbesondere auch die ersten drei Rollen der erfindungsgemä-Ben Richtmaschine, auch wenn sie als getrennte Zuführeinrichtung gebaut werden, sämtlich angetrieben.As is customary in any case with straightening machines of the type in question here, the first three rollers of the straightening machine according to the invention, in particular, are all driven, even if they are built as separate feed devices.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann das Merkmal von Anspruch 7 vorgesehen sein. Dadurch wird die Breite der Öffnung zum seitlichen Zuführen des Werkstücks vergrößert, ohne den Hub der zweiten Rolle und somit das gesamte Maschinengestell unnötig zu vergrößern.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the feature of claim 7 can be provided. As a result, the width of the opening for the lateral feeding of the workpiece is increased without unnecessarily increasing the stroke of the second roller and thus the entire machine frame.

Im einzelnen wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.In detail, an embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Dabei zeigen :

  • Figur 1 eine Mehrrollen-Richtmaschine in Seitenansicht ;
  • Figur 2-5 sind Schnittdarstellungen gem. Linie Il....V in Fig. 1 und geben die Arbeitsweise der Richtmaschine wieder ;
  • Figur 6 eine ausführliche Schnittdarstellung der Richtmaschine mit Antrieb ;
  • Figur 7 schematisch die Mittel zur radialen Verstellung der zweiten Richtwalze.
Show:
  • Figure 1 shows a multi-roll straightening machine in side view;
  • Figure 2-5 are sectional views acc. Line Il .... V in Fig. 1 and reflect the operation of the straightener;
  • Figure 6 is a detailed sectional view of the straightening machine with drive;
  • Figure 7 schematically shows the means for the radial adjustment of the second straightening roller.

In Figur 1 ist eine Richtmaschine 1 mit einer Vielzahl von in senkrechter Ebene drehbar angeordneter Richtrollen 2 bis 8 dargestellt, deren Drehachsen 52 rechtwinklig zur Durchlaufrichtung (Pfeil 12) angeordnet sind. Pfeil 12 gibt gleichzeitig die Maschinenmitte 26 an. Die Richtrollen weisen an ihrem Umfang ein Profil 11 auf (Fig. 6). Die Richtrollen 2 bis 8 sind rundprofiliert, während die ersten drei Richtrollen 14, 15, 16 prismatisch profiliert sind. Die oben angeordneten Richtrollen 2, 4, 6, 8 sind in einem gemeinsa-.. men Querhaupt 13 drehbar gelagert und drehangetrieben. Das Querhaupt verstellt diese Richtrollen zentral mit Hilfe von Spindeln 41, 42, radial auf das Werkstück 23 zu. Die unteren Richtrollen 3, 5, 7, 14 sind ortsfest und drehangetrieben im Maschinengestell gelagert. Die Richtrolle 16 ist im Maschinengestell in Durchlaufrichtung verschiebbar aufgenommen (Pfeil 53). Die Richtrollen 2 bis 8 sind fliegend gelagert. Die Richtrolle 15 ist in einem gabelförmigen Halter 30 aufgenommen, der von einem Zylinder 33 mit einer Kolbenstange 29 betätigt wird. Der Zylinder 33 ist an einer Kragplatte 28 befestigt, die vom Maschinengestell 27 vorsteht. Durch diese Lagerung der Richtrollen ist ein C-förmiger Maschinenaufbau und somit eine seitliche Zuführung der Werkstücke zwischen die Richtrollen, insbesondere zwischen die ersten drei Richtrollen, gewährleistet. Die Anstellung der Rolle 15 mit einem Hydraulikzylinder erlaubt einen besonders großen Hub « H », der größer ist als die Verstellmöglichkeit der anderen einstellbaren Richtrollen 2, 4, 6, 8 mit dem Querhaupt 13. Die zweite Richtrolle 15 weist eine Schnellverstelleinrichtung 18 auf (vergl. Fig. 7). Diese besteht aus den Hydraulikzylindern 33, 34, einem Pneumatikzylinder 35, zwei Speichergefäßen 36, 37 für die Hydraulikflüssigkeit, zwei elektromagnetisch betätigten Schaltventilen 39, 40 und einem Endschalter 38. Der Endschalter und die Schaltventile sind durch elektrische Leitungen 54, 55 verbunden. Über das Schaltventil 39 wird dem System Druckluft zugeführt bzw. dieselbe kann je nach Schaltung durch das Schaltventil entweichen. Die Hydraulikspeicher 36, 37 sind mit ihrem unteren Ausgang mit den Zylindern 34, 33 verbunden und nehmen verdrängte Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus diesem auf. Die oberen Ausgänge der Hydraulikspeicher sind mit dem Schaltventil 39 verbunden, ebenso wie beide Kammern des Pneumatikzylinders 35. Am unteren Ausgang des Hydraulikspeichers 36 ist das Schaltventil 40 vorgesehen, mit dem dieser Ausgang geöffnet und geschlossen werden kann.FIG. 1 shows a straightening machine 1 with a plurality of straightening rollers 2 to 8 which are rotatably arranged in a vertical plane and whose axes of rotation 52 are arranged at right angles to the direction of passage (arrow 12). Arrow 12 also indicates the machine center 26. The straightening rollers have a profile 11 on their circumference (FIG. 6). The straightening rollers 2 to 8 are profiled round, while the first three straightening rollers 14, 15, 16 are profiled prismatically. The straightening rollers 2, 4, 6, 8 arranged above are in a common . . men crosshead 13 rotatably and rotatably driven. The crosshead adjusts these straightening rollers radially towards the workpiece 23 with the aid of spindles 41, 42. The lower straightening rollers 3, 5, 7, 14 are mounted in the machine frame in a stationary and rotationally driven manner. The straightening roller 16 is received in the machine frame so as to be displaceable in the direction of passage (arrow 53). Straightening rollers 2 to 8 are overhung. The straightening roller 15 is received in a fork-shaped holder 30 which is actuated by a cylinder 33 with a piston rod 29. The cylinder 33 is attached to a cantilever plate 28 which protrudes from the machine frame 27. This mounting of the straightening rollers ensures a C-shaped machine structure and thus lateral feeding of the workpieces between the straightening rollers, in particular between the first three straightening rollers. The adjustment of the roller 15 with a hydraulic cylinder allows a particularly large stroke “H”, which is greater than the adjustment possibility of the other adjustable straightening rollers 2, 4, 6, 8 with the crosshead 13. The second straightening roller 15 has a quick adjustment device 18 (cf. Fig. 7). This consists of the hydraulic cylinders 33, 34, a pneumatic cylinder 35, two storage vessels 36, 37 for the hydraulic fluid, two electromagnetically operated switching valves 39, 40 and a limit switch 38. The limit switch and the switching valves are connected by electrical lines 54, 55. Compressed air is supplied to the system via the switching valve 39 or, depending on the circuit, the same can escape through the switching valve. The hydraulic output 36, 37 are connected with their lower output to the cylinders 34, 33 and absorb displaced hydraulic fluid from the latter. The upper outputs of the hydraulic accumulators are connected to the switching valve 39, as are both chambers of the pneumatic cylinder 35. At the lower output of the hydraulic accumulator 36, the switching valve 40 is provided, with which this output can be opened and closed.

Am Rollenhalter 30 ist eine Steuerschräge 56 vorgesehen, mit der der Endschalter 38 betätigt wird.A control bevel 56 is provided on the roll holder 30, with which the limit switch 38 is actuated.

Im Bereich der ersten drei Richtrollen 14 bis 16 sind seitliche Stützmittel 19 bis 22 für das Werkstück 23 vorgesehen. Dabei handelt es sich um weit ausladende einander gegenüberliegende Prismen, die das Werkstück beim Zusammenfahren zentrieren. Die unteren Prismen 19 und 22, die die unteren Rollen 14 und 16 einfassen, sind radial zum Werkstück beweglich. Die Prismen 11 der Rollen und der zugehörigen Stützelemente fluchten und ergänzen sich in der Darstellung nach den Figuren 2 bis 6. Das Stützprisma 20, 21, an der zweiten Rolle 15 (in Durchlaufrichtung gesehen) ist geteilt ausgebildet. Die maschinenständerseitige Schräge dieses Prismas ist als Fortsetzung des Rollenhalters 30 einstückig an diesem angeformt. Die Stütze 20 mit der zugehörigen Schräge des Prismas ist an der offenen, d.h., an der Zuführseite dieses Prismas, mit einem Gelenk 24 an einem Steg des Rollenhalters angelenkt. Die Drehachse dieses Gelenks entspricht in ihrer Ausrichtung den Achsen 9, 10 der Richtrollen. Wie in Fig. 5 dargestellt, kann die Stütze 20 zur seitlichen Einführung des Werkstücks 23 nach oben weggeklappt werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist ein Zylinder 31 vorgesehen, der die wegklappbare Stütze 20 betätigt, dabei die seitliche Öffnung zwischen den Rollen 15 und 16 erweitert und somit die seitliche Zuführung des Werkstücks erleichtert. Bei heruntergeklappter Stütze 20 ergibt sich ein sich beim Zusammenfahren der Richtrollen blendenartig verjüngender Durchtrittsquerschnitt für das Werkstück, in dem dieses zentriert wird, bis die Rollen selbst das Werkstück erfassen, um dann mit dem eigentlichen Axialtransport des Werkstücks zu beginnen. Die Stütze 20 wird heruntergeklappt, bis sie gegen den Anschlag 43 zur Anlage kommt und zusammen mit der Rollenhalterstütze 21 ein Prisma bildet. Die Richtrollen 14 bis 16 sind zusammen mit dem sie tragenden C-förmig ausgebildeten Maschinengestell als selbständige Maschineneinheit 25 gestaltet und einlaufseitig der Richtmaschine angeordnet. Sie können auf beliebigen Seiten des verbleibenden Teils der Richtmaschine angeordnet sein. Damit ist die Beschickung der Richtmaschine von beliebigen Seiten und Richtungen möglich. Insbesondere sei auf die Möglichkeit hingewiesen, das als Zuführeinheit ausgebildete Rollentrio um 180 °C um die Achse des Zylinders 33 zu schwenken, sodaß eine Zuführung der Werkstücke von der Rückseite der Maschine gem. Fig. 1 möglich ist.In the area of the first three straightening rollers 14 to 16, lateral support means 19 to 22 are provided for the workpiece 23. These are widely spreading prisms that center the workpiece as it moves together. The lower prisms 19 and 22, which surround the lower rollers 14 and 16, are movable radially to the workpiece. The prisms 11 of the rollers and the associated support elements are aligned and complement one another in the illustration according to FIGS. 2 to 6. The support prism 20, 21 on the second roller 15 (seen in the direction of passage) is of split design. The bevel of this prism on the machine stand side is integrally formed on the roller holder 30 as a continuation thereof. The support 20 with the associated slope of the prism is articulated on the open, ie on the feed side of this prism, with a joint 24 on a web of the roller holder. The orientation of the axis of rotation of this joint corresponds to the axes 9, 10 of the straightening rollers. As shown in FIG. 5, the support 20 can be folded upwards for the lateral insertion of the workpiece 23. For this purpose, a cylinder 31 is provided which actuates the foldable support 20, thereby expanding the lateral opening between the rollers 15 and 16 and thus facilitating the lateral feeding of the workpiece. When the support 20 is folded down, a passage cross section tapering like an aperture when the straightening rollers move together results for the workpiece in which it is centered until the rollers themselves the workpiece capture in order to then begin with the actual axial transport of the workpiece. The support 20 is folded down until it comes to rest against the stop 43 and forms a prism together with the roller holder support 21. The straightening rollers 14 to 16 are designed together with the machine frame carrying them in the form of an independent machine unit 25 and arranged on the inlet side of the straightening machine. They can be arranged on any side of the remaining part of the leveler. This means that the straightening machine can be loaded from any side and direction. In particular, reference should be made to the possibility of pivoting the trio of rollers designed as a feed unit by 180 ° C. about the axis of the cylinder 33, so that the workpieces are fed from the rear of the machine according to Fig. 1 is possible.

Um die erforderliche Durchbiegung des Werkstücks mit dem Abstand zur in Durchlaufrichtung nachfolgenden Rolle 2 in Übereinstimmung zu bringen, ist die Rolle 16 horizontal verschiebbar im Maschinenständer 27 geführt.In order to bring the required deflection of the workpiece into line with the distance to the roller 2 following in the direction of travel, the roller 16 is guided horizontally displaceably in the machine frame 27.

Das Werkstück 23 erfährt zwischen den ersten drei Rollen seine stärkste Biegung. Wegen der daraus resultierenden starken Neigung des Werkstückanfangs bedarf es im Einzelfall besonderer Maßnahmen, damit das Werkstück beim axialen Vorschub zwischen die nächsten Richtrollen findet. Zu diesem Zwecke sind die Rollen 14 und 16 tiefer gesetzt, sodaß der Grund ihrer Umfangsprofilierung um das maß « S unterhalb der Maschinenmitte 26 angeordnet ist.The workpiece 23 experiences its strongest bend between the first three rollers. Due to the resulting strong inclination of the workpiece start, special measures are required in individual cases so that the workpiece finds its way between the next straightening rollers during axial feed. For this purpose, the rollers 14 and 16 are set lower, so that the base of their circumferential profile is arranged by the dimension "S" below the machine center 26.

Sämtliche Richtrollen werden, wie am Beispiel der Richtrollen 15, 16 mit den horizontalen Drehachsen 9, 10 in Fig. 6 gezeigt, angetrieben. Dies geschieht über einen auf einem Tisch 48 stehenden Motor 47, der über ein Getriebe 46 das nötige Antriebsmoment auf die Richtrollen überträgt. Letztere sind mit Gelenkwellen 49, 50 mit dem Geriebe 46 verbunden. Die Gelenkwellen durchgreifen den Maschinenständer 27 in einer rückwärtigen Ausnehmung 51.All straightening rollers are driven, as shown in the example of straightening rollers 15, 16 with the horizontal axes of rotation 9, 10 in FIG. 6. This takes place via a motor 47 standing on a table 48, which transmits the necessary drive torque to the straightening rollers via a gear 46. The latter are connected with drive shafts 49, 50 to the gear 46. The cardan shafts extend through the machine stand 27 in a rear recess 51.

Der Rollenhalter 44 der unteren Rolle 16 ist auf einer Konsole 45 abgestützt.The roll holder 44 of the lower roll 16 is supported on a bracket 45.

Die Vorrichtung arbeitet wie folgt :

  • Das Werkstück 23 wird entsprechend der Darstellung in Fig 1 seitlich gemäß Pfeil 17 (Fig. 2) zwischen die ersten drei Richtrollen 14 bis 16 gelegt. Dabei ist die klappbare Stütze 20 nach oben durch den Zylinder 31 weggeklappt (vergl. Fig. 2). Die elektromagnetischen Schaltventile 39, 40 stehen dabei in Stellung 111. Nach Einlegen des Werkstücks 23 wird die Stütze durch den Zylinder 31 abgesenkt, sodaß sich eine Maschinenstellung gem. Fig. 3 ergibt. Nach Absenken der Stütze 20 wird das Schaltventil 39 durch bekannte, nicht dargestellte Steuermittel in Position 1 gebracht, wie in Fig. 7 dargestellt. Die in den Speicher 36 eingeleitete Luft fließt in die obere Kammer des Zylinders 33. Der Rollenhalter 30 wird im Schnellgang abgesenkt (vergl. Fig. 4). Bei diesem Absenken dreht sich das Werkstück 23 durch das von den Prismen aufgebrachte Moment so, daß die durch das gekrümmte Werkstück gebildete Ebene im wesentlichen der durch die Rollen gebildeten Richtebene der Maschine entspricht. Das Werkstück ist dabei so ausgerichtet, daß die Enden desselben nach oben weisen. Kurz vor Erreichen der Stellung gem. Fig. 5 betätigt die Steuerschräge 56 den Endschalter 38. Die Schaltventile 39 und 40 werden dadurch in die Stellung II gefahren. Durch die Umschaltung wird zusätzlich zu der vorhandenen Krümmung im Werkstück 23 eine weitere starke Krümmung durch weiteres Absenken der Rolle 15 in das Werkstück eingeleitet. Dabei wird der untere Ausgang des Speichers 36 verschlossen und die Rolle 15 durch die Druckübersetzung in den Zylindern 33, 34 und 35 mit einem Vielfachen der bisher aufgebrachter Kraft beaufschlagt. Diese Druckübersetzung kommt dadurch zustande, daß die wirksame Fläche des Pneumatikkolbens im Zylinder 35 größer ist als die Fläche im Zylinder 34, wobei die beiden Kolben durch die gemeinsame Kolbenstange verbunden sind. Eine weitere Druckübersetzung findet dadurch statt, daß die wirksame Kolbenfläche im Zylinder 33 größer ist als die im Zylinder 34. Die aus dem Zylinder 33 verdrängte Flüssigkeit entweicht in den Speicher 37. Die aus diesem verdrängte Luft entweicht über das Schaltventil 39 in der Stellung II. In dieser Stellung des Schaltventiles wird die Rolle 15 abgesenkt, bis das Werkstück die gewünschte Krümmung erfahren hat. In dieser tiefsten Stellung der Rolle 15 wird durch einen nicht dargestellten Endschalter in bekannter Weise der Drehantrieb aller Richtrollen eingeschaltet. Nachdem das Werkstück axial durch die Maschine geschoben worden ist, werden die Schaltventile 39, 40 z.B. durch eine nicht dargestellte Lichtschranke am Ausgang der Richtmaschine in Stellung 111 gefahren, sodaß sich die Rolle 15 wieder anhebt. Jetzt kann ein neues Werkstück eingelegt werden und der vorbeschriebene Vorgang wiederholt sich.
The device works as follows:
  • As shown in FIG. 1, the workpiece 23 is placed laterally according to arrow 17 (FIG. 2) between the first three straightening rollers 14 to 16. The foldable support 20 is folded upwards by the cylinder 31 (see FIG. 2). The electromagnetic switching valves 39, 40 are in position 111. After inserting the workpiece 23, the support is lowered by the cylinder 31, so that a machine position acc. Fig. 3 results. After lowering the support 20, the switching valve 39 is brought into position 1 by known control means, not shown, as shown in FIG. 7. The air introduced into the accumulator 36 flows into the upper chamber of the cylinder 33. The roller holder 30 is lowered at high speed (see FIG. 4). During this lowering, the workpiece 23 rotates by the moment applied by the prisms so that the plane formed by the curved workpiece essentially corresponds to the plane of the machine formed by the rollers. The workpiece is aligned so that the ends of the same point upwards. Shortly before reaching the position acc. Fig. 5 actuates the control slope 56, the limit switch 38. The switching valves 39 and 40 are thereby moved into position II. As a result of the switchover, in addition to the curvature present in the workpiece 23, a further strong curvature is initiated by further lowering the roller 15 into the workpiece. The lower outlet of the store 36 is closed and the roller 15 is acted upon by the pressure translation in the cylinders 33, 34 and 35 with a multiple of the force previously applied. This pressure ratio comes about because the effective area of the pneumatic piston in the cylinder 35 is larger than the area in the cylinder 34, the two pistons being connected by the common piston rod. A further pressure translation takes place in that the effective piston area in the cylinder 33 is larger than that in the cylinder 34. The liquid displaced from the cylinder 33 escapes into the accumulator 37. The air displaced from this escapes via the switching valve 39 in position II. In this position of the switching valve, the roller 15 is lowered until the workpiece has undergone the desired curvature. In this lowest position of the roller 15, the rotary drive of all straightening rollers is switched on in a known manner by a limit switch, not shown. After the workpiece has been pushed axially through the machine, the switching valves 39, 40 are moved into position 111, for example by a light barrier (not shown) at the exit of the straightening machine, so that the roller 15 lifts again. Now a new workpiece can be inserted and the process described above is repeated.

Das Maß « S », um das die wirksame Umfangsfläche der Rollen 14 und 16 gegenüber den nachfolgenden Rollen 3, 5, 7, auf gleicher Seite des Werkstücks nach unten versetzt ist, ist so ausgelegt, daß das Werkstück mit dem größten Flächenträgheitsmoment, das die zum Richten erforderliche Plastifizierung durch die Biegung durch die ersten drei Richtrollen 14, 15, 16 erhält, gerade noch zwischen die Richtrollen 2 und 3 findet.The dimension "S", by which the effective peripheral surface of the rollers 14 and 16 is offset from the following rollers 3, 5, 7, down on the same side of the workpiece, is designed so that the workpiece with the greatest area moment of inertia that the plasticization required for straightening is obtained by bending through the first three straightening rollers 14, 15, 16, just between the straightening rollers 2 and 3.

Claims (7)

1. Feeding- and advancing apparatus (25) for straightening machines (1) for workpieces with a circular cross-section and an arcuate form of their longitudinal axis, positioned at the infeed side of the straightening machine, including . straightening rollers with axes of rotation rectangularly located in relation to the direction (12) of travel of the workpiece (23), the rollers being alternatively located on opposite sides of the workpiece and provided with circumferential profiles, adapted to the cross-section of the workpiece, the workpiece (23) being laterally (17) fed into the feeding and advancing apparatus - as regarded in the direction (12) of travel of the workpiece - and including several prismatic supporting elements (19 ... 22), movable between a laterally open position and a closed position, the latter comprising a centralized position and a deformation of the workpiece, and including at least one driven straightening roller (15), being located above the direction of travel, if necessary, characterized in that, the feeding apparatus comprises 3 rollers, provided with radially movable prisms (19 ... 22), movable in accordance with the appertaining rollers, the circumferential profile of which being in straight line with the inclined sections of the prisms and including a quick- adjusting-apparatus (18) - independent of the other rollers - for the second roller (15) - as regarded in the direction (12) of travel of the workpiece.
2. The straightening machine of claim 1, characterized in that, the width of the prisms (19 ... 22) is elected in accordance with the maximum curvature of that part of the workpieces gripped by the feeding apparatus.
3. The straightening machine of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that, the first three rollers (14, 15, 16) are constructed as an independent machine (25), seperate or separable from the rest of the straightening machine.
4. The straightening machine of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that, - as regarded in direction (12) of travel of the workpiece - the first and/or the third roller are shiftably mounted.
5. The straightening machine of claim 1 to 4, characterized in that, the stroke (H) of the second roller (15) is longer than the stroke of all other rollers.
6. The straightening machine of claim 1 to 5, characterized in that, the first and second roller (14, 16) are located in a distance (S) from an imaginary straight longitudinal axis (26) of a workpiece in the straightening machine, exceeding the distance of the other straightening rollers (3, 5, 7) on the same side of the workpiece.
7. The straightening machine of claim 1, characterized in that, the supporting elements (19 ... 22) are partly rotatably (joint 24) mounted at the appertaining roll-support (30) to be turned off from the centerline of the machine by means of a cylinder (31).
EP79104472A 1978-12-20 1979-11-13 Straightening machine Expired EP0012829B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79104472T ATE2302T1 (en) 1978-12-20 1979-11-13 LEVELING MACHINE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19782855014 DE2855014A1 (en) 1978-12-20 1978-12-20 LEVELING MACHINE
DE2855014 1978-12-20

Publications (2)

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EP0012829A1 EP0012829A1 (en) 1980-07-09
EP0012829B1 true EP0012829B1 (en) 1983-01-26

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EP79104472A Expired EP0012829B1 (en) 1978-12-20 1979-11-13 Straightening machine

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US (1) US4286452A (en)
EP (1) EP0012829B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5586623A (en)
AT (1) ATE2302T1 (en)
DD (1) DD148014A1 (en)
DE (2) DE2855014A1 (en)
ES (1) ES487131A0 (en)
HU (1) HU179998B (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4571821A (en) * 1983-08-26 1986-02-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Sleeve insertion
US4829801A (en) * 1986-11-03 1989-05-16 Mcraine Lance W Cable straightening apparatus
JPH0211653U (en) * 1988-06-29 1990-01-24

Citations (2)

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DE2449241B2 (en) * 1974-10-16 1979-08-30 Th. Kieserling & Albrecht, 5650 Solingen Feed device for inclined roller straightening machines
DE1914647C3 (en) * 1969-03-22 1980-11-13 R. & G. Schmoele Metallwerke Gmbh & Co Kg, 5750 Menden Feeding device for rod-shaped or tubular workpieces in a straightening machine

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US962831A (en) * 1909-12-01 1910-06-28 John P Haga Straightening-machine.
US1835198A (en) * 1929-04-26 1931-12-08 Petter B Abramsen Straightening machine
US2746513A (en) * 1952-10-24 1956-05-22 Arthur L Kiesow Wire straightening and tensioning attachment for baling machine
US3621693A (en) * 1969-08-08 1971-11-23 United Eng Foundry Co Straightening machine for structural workpieces
DE2036707A1 (en) * 1970-07-24 1972-01-27 Hoesch Ag, 4600 Dortmund Method and device for straightening welded girders
JPS5334590B2 (en) * 1973-04-04 1978-09-21
DE2455254C3 (en) * 1974-11-22 1978-11-09 Moeller & Neumann Gmbh, 6670 St Ingbert Profile straightening machine with staggered upper and lower straightening rollers arranged on the fly
DE2540731C3 (en) * 1975-09-10 1978-09-21 Mannesmann Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf Infeed device on roller straightening machines for pipes

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1914647C3 (en) * 1969-03-22 1980-11-13 R. & G. Schmoele Metallwerke Gmbh & Co Kg, 5750 Menden Feeding device for rod-shaped or tubular workpieces in a straightening machine
DE2449241B2 (en) * 1974-10-16 1979-08-30 Th. Kieserling & Albrecht, 5650 Solingen Feed device for inclined roller straightening machines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5752126B2 (en) 1982-11-05
ATE2302T1 (en) 1983-02-15
HU179998B (en) 1983-01-28
US4286452A (en) 1981-09-01
ES8101422A1 (en) 1980-12-16
DD148014A1 (en) 1981-05-06
JPS5586623A (en) 1980-06-30
DE2964646D1 (en) 1983-03-03
DE2855014A1 (en) 1980-07-03
EP0012829A1 (en) 1980-07-09
ES487131A0 (en) 1980-12-16

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