EP0012782A1 - Kühlturm - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0012782A1
EP0012782A1 EP78400257A EP78400257A EP0012782A1 EP 0012782 A1 EP0012782 A1 EP 0012782A1 EP 78400257 A EP78400257 A EP 78400257A EP 78400257 A EP78400257 A EP 78400257A EP 0012782 A1 EP0012782 A1 EP 0012782A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
exchanger
refrigerant
battery
distributor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP78400257A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0012782B1 (de
Inventor
Luc Félix Marie-Louis Ghislain Langerock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamon Sobelco SA
Original Assignee
Hamon Sobelco SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamon Sobelco SA filed Critical Hamon Sobelco SA
Priority to DE7878400257T priority Critical patent/DE2862280D1/de
Priority to EP78400257A priority patent/EP0012782B1/de
Priority to CA000340782A priority patent/CA1121338A/en
Priority to ZA00796833A priority patent/ZA796833B/xx
Publication of EP0012782A1 publication Critical patent/EP0012782A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0012782B1 publication Critical patent/EP0012782B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/02—Flexible elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger between at least one fluid, for example water, and a gas, for example atmospheric air, of the type comprising a battery of flexible exchanger tubes substantially parallel to one another fixed to each of their ends in a tubular plate of a device for distributing and / or collecting said fluid, the latter circulating in the exchanger tubes while the gas crosses the battery transversely with respect to said tubes.
  • the invention also relates to the application of this heat exchanger to atmospheric refrigerants of the dry type "in which the fluid to be cooled is brought into contact indirectly with atmospheric air via the wall of the tubes of the exchanger , to atmospheric refrigerants of the "mixed" type which comprise both at least one exchanger of the aforementioned type and at least one wet exchange body in which a liquid, which may or may not be the fluid circulating in the tubes of the heat exchanger, is brought into direct contact with atmospheric air, and with atmospheric refrigerants of the "hybrid" type in which the tubes of the exchanger of the aforementioned type are externally wetted by a liquid, which may or may not be the fluid circulating in the exchanger tubes.
  • French Patent No. 73 10 009 describes a heat exchanger made of flexible plastic tubes taking advantage of the possibility of using very large tubes, but which is still designed as a conventional coil of finned metal tubes, c that is to say as a rigid parallelepipedic assembly.
  • French Patent No. 1,455,991 also describes an exchanger made of plastic tubes.
  • the exchanger is rectilinear and of circular section of the type of water-water exchanger and not of fluid-gas exchangers such as those used in atmospheric refrigerants.
  • the flexibility of the tubes is only exploited at the ends of the exchanger to group them compactly for the hydraulic connection.
  • the exchanger is straight and even rigidly contained in a metal sheath.
  • French patent application No. 76 25 059 describes exchangers with flexible plastic tubes of great lengths arranged horizontally and capable of marrying various contours of refrigerants, or even their periphery.
  • the tubes are stretched at the level of their spacers where they are eventually forced to bend and form an angle.
  • the curvilinear contours of refrigerants can be approved by polygonal contours of the exchangers.
  • the flexibility of the tubes is used here to conform the shape of the exchanger to that of the refrigerant, contrary to what is provided in the first two patents mentioned above.
  • the very large length of the tubes and the high coefficient of expansion of the plastic of which they are made cause these tubes to undergo significant variations in length which it is necessary to absorb. This therefore results in a complication in the production of the exchangers.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger which is of a simpler construction than the known flexible tube exchangers while allowing the flexibility property of the tubes to be used to produce exchangers of very varied configuration.
  • This arrangement has the advantages of being very simple in construction compared to those of known exchangers, of making it possible to realize very varied configurations of exchangers and, moreover, of solving by its design, without recourse to external means, the problem of thermal expansion of the tubes which, as indicated above, is particularly crucial when using, as is preferably the case in the present invention, tubes made of synthetic material,
  • a "dry" atmospheric refrigerant with mechanical draw of rectangular shape comprising a chamber 1 delimited by two side walls 2 supported by a metal frame 3 on two of the sides of the refrigerant, and by two open faces 4 constituting inlets air on the other two sides of the refrigerant.
  • Chamber 1 is surmounted by a roof 5 in the form of a pyramid trunk which ends in a circular ferrule 6 in which is mounted a fan 7 driven by a motor which has not been shown for the clarity of the drawing.
  • Each exchanger 8 comprises a battery 9 of flexible tubes 10 made of a synthetic material parallel to each other which are so connected. sealed at their lower part in the opposite tubular plates 11 of a distributing water box 12 for supplying water or other liquid to be cooled which has the shape of a rectangular parallelep and extends over the entire length of the refrigerant equidistant from the two open faces 4 of air inlet and at a certain distance above the ground 14, a pipe 13 for distributing liquid ending in the water box 12.
  • the tubes 10 of each building 9 extend upwards from the water box 12 and are sealed in a watertight manner their upper part in a tubular plate 15 of a respective water box 16 collecting the cooled liquid which is discharged from the boxes- 16 through drainage pipes 17.
  • the collecting water boxes 16 extend parallel to the dispensing water box 12 at the upper part of the chamber 1 where they delimit the upper edge of the inlets d 'air 4, and they are supported like the water-dispenser 12 by the metal frame 3 which has been shown only schematically for clarity of the drawing.
  • the tubes 10 (Fig. 4) of the exchangers 8 are made of a synthetic material which is both flexible or flexible, resistant to relatively high operating temperatures, in particular with regard to creep, and transmitting relatively well the heat, such as certain organic polymers, for example polybutene or crosslinked polyethylene.
  • the diameter of the tubes is preferably relatively small to allow good heat exchange, for example from 5 to 20 mm, and they are arranged, considering the exchangers 8 in a vertical transverse plane as in FIG. 1, in a series of parallel plies, the number of which may be, for example, from 8 to 40.
  • the tubes 10 are tightly fixed in the tuoular plates 11 and 15 by suitable tight fixing devices, such devices being described in particular in French patent applications n ° 76 03 581 and 77 04 168 and in French patent n ° 1 425 666.
  • tubes 10 hang freely between their fixing points in the tubular plates 11 and 15 and, to prevent them from touching, they are grouped in a number of bundles 18, the tubes of which are joined from distance to distance by bracing devices 19 an exemplary embodiment of which is shown in more detail in FIG. 4.
  • This bracing device 19 consists of a number of strips 20 held tight against each other by means of a frame 21 and which are provided with notches delimiting two by two of the passages for the tubes 10.
  • Other examples of similar bracing devices are also described in French patents no.
  • the tubes 10 have a length greater than the distance separating the tubular plates 11 and 15 so as to have a curved profile in a vertical plane as shown in FIG. 1.
  • this Figure is schematic and does not pretend to reproduce exactly the actual curvature of the tubes, this mainly depending on their length.
  • the tubular plates 11 and 15 must be oriented so that, in the normal position of the tubes, the ends of the latter are oriented substantially perpendicular to the tubular plates of the lower and upper water flasks, which are horizontally offset from each other.
  • the liquid to be reiroidir for example water
  • the liquid to be reiroidir for example water
  • the liquid is brought by pumping means (not shown) to the dispensing water box 12 by the supply line 13,
  • the liquid is distributed in the tubes 10 of the two exchangers 8 and flows towards the collecting water tanks 16.
  • the liquid is cooled by atmospheric air which enters the refrigerant through the air inlets 4 and passes through the batteries 9 in the directions indicated by the arrows F in FIG. 1.
  • the air heated and sucked in by the fan 7 is then discharged into the atmosphere through the shell 6.
  • the side walls 2 stop at a certain distance above the ground 14, and more precisely at the height of the mud-to-enu distributor 12, which saves two air inlets side to improve the penetration of atmospheric air into the refrigerant.
  • the side walls 2 can extend to the ground 14.
  • FIG. 5 differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 3 by the fact that it includes a soul exchanger 108, the lower water box being eliminated and the tubes of the exchanger 108 extending from one of the superure water tanks 11 61, which constitutes a distributor water cup supplied by a supply line 117a, to the other water tank 11 6b, which constitutes a collecting water tank as in the previous example and is placed at the same height than the water box 116a.
  • the tubes of the exchanger 108 have a length substantially double that of the exchangers 8 and hang freely between the water boxes 116a and 110b with a profile in the shape of a chafnctte.
  • that of FIG. 5 has the advantage of allowing a significant saving of a water box. but it increases the risk of blockage of the tubes by stagnant deposits at their lower points, risks that good quality of the fluid to be cooled as well as a relatively high circulation speed of this fluid can reduce or even avoid .
  • Figs. 6 and 7 show a mixed refrigerant which differs essentially from the refrigerant of FIGS. 1 to 3 by the fact that it comprises two “wet” exchange bodies with crossed currents 222 each mounted in front of a respective “dry” exchanger 208 so that each flow of atmospheric air passes in series through the exchange body damp 222 and the exchanger 208.
  • the collecting water tanks 216 comprise several discharge pipes 217a instead of only one in the case of the refrigerant of FIGS. 1 to 3, and these conduits 217a function as overflows which pour the liquid having passed through the exchangers 208 into two tanks 223 respectively adjacent to the two water tanks 216.
  • the tanks 223 are provided with dispersing nozzles at their bottom through which the partially cooled liquid in the exchangers 208 is poured over the associated exchange body 222.
  • the wet exchange bodies can be either of the type in which the liquid flows in the form of thin films as described for example in French patents No. 1,140,551 and 2,183,704, or of the splash type as described in US Patent No. 3,751,017.
  • Under each exchange body 222 is placed a basin 224 intended to collect the cooled liquid which flows from the exchange body and which is then evacuated from each basin by an evacuation pipe 225.
  • drop separator 226 Between each wet exchange body 222 and the associated dry exchanger 208 is arranged a drop separator 226.
  • drop separators are perfectly conventional and examples are given in particular in GB patents No. 1,347,648, US 3,925 .523, US n ° 3, 804, 389, US n ° 4, 052, 491 French n ° 2 316 570, French n ° 2 331 762 and in patent application DE-OS 2 602 485.
  • These drop separators are necessary not only to reduce the vesicular entrafnemelts of the refrigerant, but also to ensure good efficiency to the dry exchangers from the first layers of tubes, which can soon.
  • the device for bracing the tubes of the heat exchangers 208 is different from that of the exchangers 8.
  • This device consists of split rings or disks 227, for example made of plastic, which are mounted on the tubes 210 and whose radial width determines the spacing between the tubes.
  • the tubes 210 can be joined together by bundles by means of any suitable links (not shown),
  • any type of appropriate bracing device other than those shown in Figs. 4 and 8, for example prolubian tubes, can be used to maintain the gap between the tubes of the exchanger according to the invention.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 The operation of the refrigerant, Figs. 6 and 7 is the conventional operation of a mixed refrigerant with serial circulation of the liquid to be cooled and atmospheric air and, as is moreover clearly apparent from the above description, it will not be described in more detail .
  • Figs. 9 and 10 represent another type of "mixed" refrigerant in which the liquid to be cooled also circulates in series in the "dry” exchanger and in the "wet" meis exchanger where the two exchangers are traversed by air flows parallels which only mix after crossing the two interchanges. geurs.
  • the same reference numbers have been used as in the preceding figures to designate the analogous parts but by assigning them the figure of hundreds 3 instead of the figure of hundreds 2 and the figure of hundreds 1 in the examples of FIGS. 6 and 7 on the one hand, and from FIG. 5 on the other hand.
  • the liquid supply to the exchangers 308 is carried out from above by means of the pipes 317 which are connected to the upper water boxes 316 by a series of parallel elbows 317 ′.
  • the partially cooled liquid in each of the two exchangers 308, which are arranged on each side of the refrigerant above the dry exchanger 322, is collected in the lower water boxes 312 which distribute it to food tanks.
  • respective mentatiou 323 themselves supplying the distribution network 328 of the countercurrent wet exchange body 322.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 The operation of the refrigerant of FIGS. 9 and 10 is similar to that of mixed refrigerants with parallel air flows. It will simply be noted that, as a variant, the circulation of the liquid in the dry exchangers 308 and wet 322 could be done in parallel instead of occurring in series and that by garlic their refrigerant, instead of being rectangular in shape, was hard in a circular shape.
  • Fig, 9 remains valid in this case but is affixed to represent a single upper water box 316 of circular shape and a single lower water tank 312 also of circular farm,
  • Figs. 11 and 12 show the application to a hyperbolic type cooling tower with natural draft of the pendant tube exchanger according to the invention
  • the tower comprises an eoque 429 in thin beten veil and a network 430 of beams in the form of spider supporting the hull by means of a circular lintel beam 431 to define a peripheral air inlet 404.
  • the upper supply water tank 416 which is continuous or consists of a succession of short rectilinear elements aligned circularly, supplying the battery 409 with flexible plastic tubes whose lower ends are connected to the lower circular bofte-à-cau 412, the overall diameter of which is less than that of the water bofte 416.
  • the diameters of the current towers at the lintels being very large, of the order of 100 to 200 m, the difference in the overall diameters of the lower and upper water tanks (accentuated in the drawing, for more of clarity) is relatively weak, of the order of modest meters to about twenty meters at most, and does not pose difficult problems relating to the variation of spacing of the tubes.
  • FIG. 13 also shows a hyperbolic type cooling tower with natural draft, but where the battery 509 of plastic tubes takes a centrifugal direction from the lintel 531, owing to the fact that the lower water box 512 has a diameter greater than that of the bottom edge of air inlet opening 504.
  • the slightly larger spacing of the tubes compared to that existing at the upper water box 516 can be taken advantage of to compensate for the tendency to decrease air flow. between the lintel and the ground since, in fact, the air pressure losses on passing through the exchanger increase from top to bottom if the radial pitch of the exchanger is constant.
  • the battery 409 or 509 consists of several layers of tubes, each defining a surface of revolution of curvilinear profile.
  • the internal fluid of the dry exchangers of mixed wet-dry refrigerants could be different from that of wet exchangers.
  • the fluid supply circuits fluid for the dry exchanger; water or aqueous solution for the wet exchanger
  • the setting in motion of the air of the refrigerants concerned can take place either by fans, sucking or blowing air through the exchangers, or by a natural draft chimney, assisted or not by fans.
  • the wet exchange bodies can be of all known types, particularly against the current, or with cross currents, of the skin-peeling or splash type, or combined,
  • the wet and dry exchangers can be mounted in parallel or in series in the air flow and, in the latter case, the dry exchanger can be upstream or downstream of the wet exchanger in this air flow.
  • the exchanger according to the invention could also be designed, no longer only as a dry exchanger, but as a hydribe exchanger as described in the Earopean patent application 11 ° 78 400 144. 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP78400257A 1978-12-21 1978-12-21 Kühlturm Expired EP0012782B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE7878400257T DE2862280D1 (en) 1978-12-21 1978-12-21 Cooling tower
EP78400257A EP0012782B1 (de) 1978-12-21 1978-12-21 Kühlturm
CA000340782A CA1121338A (en) 1978-12-21 1979-11-28 Heat exchanger and atmospheric cooler incorporating the same
ZA00796833A ZA796833B (en) 1978-12-21 1979-12-18 Heat exchanger and atmospheric cooler incorporating the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP78400257A EP0012782B1 (de) 1978-12-21 1978-12-21 Kühlturm

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0012782A1 true EP0012782A1 (de) 1980-07-09
EP0012782B1 EP0012782B1 (de) 1983-06-01

Family

ID=8186048

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78400257A Expired EP0012782B1 (de) 1978-12-21 1978-12-21 Kühlturm

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0012782B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1121338A (de)
DE (1) DE2862280D1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA796833B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0224638A2 (de) * 1985-12-05 1987-06-10 Niederberg-Chemie GmbH Abdichtung für kontaminierte Bereiche, insbesondere Deponien
EP0342005A1 (de) * 1988-05-10 1989-11-15 Energiagazdálkodási Részvénytársaság Kühlanlage zum Kondensieren von Turbinenabdampf, insbesondere für Kraftwerke
GB2257241B (en) * 1991-07-03 1995-09-20 Anthony Poulton Cooling tunnel
CN111750696A (zh) * 2020-07-02 2020-10-09 福建省泉州市江南冷却器厂 一种深度冷却换热设备

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8709710U1 (de) * 1987-07-15 1987-09-17 Ophardt Product Kg, 1000 Berlin, De
CN109073322A (zh) * 2016-05-03 2018-12-21 开利公司 热交换器布置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3422884A (en) * 1966-12-28 1969-01-21 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Condenser tube bundles
US3854523A (en) * 1971-08-19 1974-12-17 Du Pont Liquid heat exchange system
DE2343310A1 (de) * 1973-08-28 1975-03-06 Daimler Benz Ag Kreuzstrom-roehrenwaermetauscher fuer gase
DE7008998U (de) * 1970-03-11 1976-02-26 Anger Kunststoff Waermeaustauscher, insbesondere heizkoerper.
CH582866A5 (de) * 1972-07-04 1976-12-15 Rhone Poulenc Sa
FR2331762A1 (fr) * 1975-11-13 1977-06-10 Hamon Sobelco Sa Refrigerant atmospherique a rayonnement sonore reduit
US4036289A (en) * 1975-01-20 1977-07-19 General Atomic Company Heat exchanger tube bundle support system
DE1962061B2 (de) * 1969-12-11 1978-09-14 Kraftwerk Union Ag, 4330 Muelheim Luftkondensationsanlage

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3422884A (en) * 1966-12-28 1969-01-21 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Condenser tube bundles
DE1962061B2 (de) * 1969-12-11 1978-09-14 Kraftwerk Union Ag, 4330 Muelheim Luftkondensationsanlage
DE7008998U (de) * 1970-03-11 1976-02-26 Anger Kunststoff Waermeaustauscher, insbesondere heizkoerper.
US3854523A (en) * 1971-08-19 1974-12-17 Du Pont Liquid heat exchange system
CH582866A5 (de) * 1972-07-04 1976-12-15 Rhone Poulenc Sa
DE2343310A1 (de) * 1973-08-28 1975-03-06 Daimler Benz Ag Kreuzstrom-roehrenwaermetauscher fuer gase
US4036289A (en) * 1975-01-20 1977-07-19 General Atomic Company Heat exchanger tube bundle support system
FR2331762A1 (fr) * 1975-11-13 1977-06-10 Hamon Sobelco Sa Refrigerant atmospherique a rayonnement sonore reduit

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0224638A2 (de) * 1985-12-05 1987-06-10 Niederberg-Chemie GmbH Abdichtung für kontaminierte Bereiche, insbesondere Deponien
EP0224638A3 (de) * 1985-12-05 1987-12-23 Niederberg-Chemie GmbH Abdichtung für kontaminierte Bereiche, insbesondere Deponien
EP0342005A1 (de) * 1988-05-10 1989-11-15 Energiagazdálkodási Részvénytársaság Kühlanlage zum Kondensieren von Turbinenabdampf, insbesondere für Kraftwerke
GB2257241B (en) * 1991-07-03 1995-09-20 Anthony Poulton Cooling tunnel
CN111750696A (zh) * 2020-07-02 2020-10-09 福建省泉州市江南冷却器厂 一种深度冷却换热设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2862280D1 (en) 1983-07-07
CA1121338A (en) 1982-04-06
ZA796833B (en) 1980-11-26
EP0012782B1 (de) 1983-06-01

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