EP0009136B1 - Oil preheating device - Google Patents

Oil preheating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0009136B1
EP0009136B1 EP79103136A EP79103136A EP0009136B1 EP 0009136 B1 EP0009136 B1 EP 0009136B1 EP 79103136 A EP79103136 A EP 79103136A EP 79103136 A EP79103136 A EP 79103136A EP 0009136 B1 EP0009136 B1 EP 0009136B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
oil
heating element
ohm
heating device
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EP79103136A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0009136A3 (en
EP0009136A2 (en
Inventor
Hans Dr. Meixner
Andreas Schebler
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT79103136T priority Critical patent/ATE3132T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/14—Details thereof
    • F23K5/20—Preheating devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device for preheating heating oil, with a heating element made of cold conductor material.
  • the oil burners that are commercially available today are designed in such a way that they can be used for a relatively large output range and that they only have to be adapted to the special needs of the individual customer by inserting a suitable nozzle and adjusting the air supply.
  • resistance-heated electrical preheating is also provided in the oil burner, this would have to be adapted to the respective oil throughput. This would make the assembly work considerably more difficult. It should be ensured that on the one hand a sufficiently high heating of the oil to temperatures e.g. is reached up to over 70 ° C, and with relatively quick reaching the final state.
  • no oil overheating with steam formation may occur, the steam formation in particular being able to impair further oil production.
  • Electric heating by means of a heating winding would therefore also make very complex control electronics necessary. On the other hand, it is always strived to make such oil burners not only as simple as possible, but also. training in a reliable manner.
  • DE-A-24 10 999 describes a heating device with a honeycomb-shaped PTC thermistor, for which it is stated that it can also be used for heating 01.
  • the oil to be heated must inevitably come into direct contact with the surface of the PTC material and with the layer electrodes located thereon, specifically with a voltage of 220 V present between the layer electrodes of this PTC material.
  • DE-A-28 08 449 describes a similar honeycomb PTC thermistor element, for which dimensions are specified which are suitable for air heating.
  • the air to be heated is in direct contact with the PTC material, its electrodes and thus also with the applied electrical voltage.
  • a PTC thermistor is a component made of a material based on the barium titanate, which has a self-regulating temperature-resistance characteristic due to known manufacturing measures and doping.
  • the so-called Curie temperature a specific material size, leads to an extreme increase in the specific electrical resistance with a further rise in temperature.
  • Fig. 1 shows a diagram from which the temperature-resistance characteristic with an indication of the Curie temperature and the slope emerge.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment of a heating device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2 described below. In this embodiment there are details which have already been described in DE ⁇ U ⁇ 78 11 098. With 1 the heating device is designated, which has a heat dissipation body 32 with a space 33 provided for receiving the PTC heating element 4. This heating element has the physical sizes specified. Electrodes 8 are shown in section on the surfaces of the plate-shaped heating element 4 which are perpendicular to the plane of the figure.
  • the heating element 4 is wedged into the intermediate space 33 by means of the wedge-shaped bodies 37 and 137, which have a wedge angle y, in such a way that, apart from one firm mounting also good thermal contact from both surfaces of the heating element 4 on the heat-dissipating surfaces 35 and 36 of the heat dissipation body 32 takes place.
  • 10 ductile inserts are designated.
  • 11 connecting lines of the electrodes 8 are designated, to which a voltage of 110 volts or 220 volts (or an intermediate voltage value) can be applied.
  • the upper portion 132 of the heat dissipation body 32 in the illustration of the figure is designed such that a tube with good thermal contact can be inserted into the semicircular cylindrical recess 133, as is usually used as a copper tube for oil production from the tank system to the burner.
  • 134 denotes a counterpart which is expediently to be used and matches the portion 132. This has the portion of a recess which supplements the recess 133 to form a cylinder. With the help of the screws 135, this part 134 can be fastened on the heat dissipation body 32, as can be seen, in such a way that the copper tube 5 of the oil recovery line is firmly clamped with good thermal contact.
  • the section 134 can also be replaced by a perhaps less complex mounting of the heat dissipation body 32 on the tube 5.
  • a heat dissipation body for a heating device has a measured length (perpendicular to the plane of the figure) of e.g. 4.5 cm for a tube 5 with e.g. 8 mm outer diameter.
  • the PTC thermistor plate 4 has a thickness of approximately 2 mm and 10 cm 2 total area of both plate surfaces.
  • a PTC thermistor material for a given operating voltage of 220 volts one is used which has a Curie temperature T c of 160 ° C and at this reference temperature T c has a specific electrical resistance ⁇ ° of approx. 17000 Ohm - cm .
  • the Curie temperature is chosen so that it is about 10 to 120 ° higher than the temperature that the oil to be heated is to reach at maximum.
  • the oil flowing through at the specified 220 volt operating voltage reaches approximately 110 ° C.
  • the temperature of the PTC thermistor plate 4 adjusts itself to a temperature of 170 ° C at which the plate delivers 35 watts of heating power. This is achieved when the slope the increase in resistance is at least 20% C.
  • an amount of 2 l of oil flowing through per hour is then heated to 73 ° C. with a heating output of 70 watts.
  • the lower limit of the respective range of variation for the p o values in question is approximately a factor 10 lower than the values given above. In each case smaller values of p ° lead to a somewhat higher temperature of the oil flowing through and to be heated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)

Abstract

A heating device for preheating heating oil flowing through a pipe has a heat conduction body to which a plate-shaped ceramic PTC resistance heating element is connected in heat exchange-relationship. The heating element has a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 2 millimeters, a Curie temperature between 120 DEG and 220 DEG C. and a specific resistance of 430 to 5000 ohm-cm rated at a supply voltage between 110 and 220 volts such that the maximum temperature achieved by the heating element over a range of heat transfer rates is relatively constant and is determined by the resistivity and the Curie temperature of the heating element rather than by the rate of heat transfer. If designed for energization at 220 volts, the heating element has the same thickness and Curie temperature as in the first example described above, but with a specific resistance of 1700 to 20,000 ohm-cm as measured at 220 volts.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Heizeinrichtung zur Vorwärmung von Heizöl, mit einem Heizelement aus kaltleitermaterial.The invention relates to a heating device for preheating heating oil, with a heating element made of cold conductor material.

Im Zusammenhang mit der zunehmenden Verknappung von Heizöl einerseits und den gesteigerten Anforderungen an Schadstoffreiem Abgas andererseits wird für Ölbrenner eine elektrische Vorwärmung des Heizöls beabsichtigt. Durch die damit zu erreichende Verringerung der Viskosität des Heizöls lassen sich auch noch geringere Durchsatzmengen, z.B. unter 1,4 kg pro Stunde, zuverlässig zerstäuben. Einzelheiten hierzu lassen sich der Druchschrift Euerungstechnik, 1978, Seiten 13 bis 30 entnehmen.In connection with the increasing shortage of heating oil on the one hand and the increased requirements for pollutant-free exhaust gas on the other hand, electrical preheating of the heating oil is intended for oil burners. As a result of the reduction in the viscosity of the heating oil, even lower throughputs, e.g. less than 1.4 kg per hour, atomize reliably. Details on this can be found in the document Euringstechnik, 1978, pages 13 to 30.

Gerade für Kleinanlagen sind die heute handelsüblichen Ölbrenner derart ausgebildet, daß sie für einen relativ großen Leistungsbereich verwendbar sind und eine Anpassung an den speziellen Bedarf des einzelnen Kunden lediglich eines Einzetzens einer passenden Düse und einer Justierung der Luftzufuhr bedarf. Ist aber im Ölbrenner außerdem noch eine widerstandsbeheizte elektrische Vorwärmung vorgesehen, so müßte diese dem jeweiligen Oldurchsatz angepaßt werden. Diese würde eine erhebliche Erschwernis für die Montagearbeiten bedeuten. Es müßte nämlich dafür Sorge getragen sein, daß einerseits eine ausreichend hohe Erwärmung des Öls auf Temperaturen z.B. bis über 70°C erreicht wird, und zwar mit relativ raschem Erreichen des Endzustandes. Andererseits darf aber etwa bei kurzzeitigem Stillstand oder bei Ubterbrechung der Olzufuhr keine Ölüberhitzung mit Dampfbildung eintreten, wobei die Dampfbildung insbesondere die weitere Ölförderung beeinträchtigen könnte.Especially for small systems, the oil burners that are commercially available today are designed in such a way that they can be used for a relatively large output range and that they only have to be adapted to the special needs of the individual customer by inserting a suitable nozzle and adjusting the air supply. However, if resistance-heated electrical preheating is also provided in the oil burner, this would have to be adapted to the respective oil throughput. This would make the assembly work considerably more difficult. It should be ensured that on the one hand a sufficiently high heating of the oil to temperatures e.g. is reached up to over 70 ° C, and with relatively quick reaching the final state. On the other hand, however, in the event of a brief standstill or if the oil supply is interrupted, no oil overheating with steam formation may occur, the steam formation in particular being able to impair further oil production.

Eine elektrische Heizung mittels einer Heizwicklung würde somit auch eine sehr aufwendige Steuerungselektronik erforderlich machen. Andererseits wird aber stets danach gestrebt, solche Ölbrenner nicht nur möglichst einfach, sondern auch. betriebssicher auszubilden.Electric heating by means of a heating winding would therefore also make very complex control electronics necessary. On the other hand, it is always strived to make such oil burners not only as simple as possible, but also. training in a reliable manner.

In der DE-A-,24 10 999 ist eine Heizvorrichtung mit einem wabenförmigen Kaltleiter beschrieben, für den angegeben ist, er könne auch zur Erwärmung von 01 verwerdent werden. Bei einer solchen Anwendung muß zwangsläufig das zu erwärmende Öl mit der Oberfläche des Kaltleitermaterials und mit den darauf befindlichen Schichtelektroden in unmittelbare Berührung kommen, und zwar dies bei zwischen den Schichtelektroden dieses Kaltleitermaterials anliegender Spannung von 220 V.DE-A-24 10 999 describes a heating device with a honeycomb-shaped PTC thermistor, for which it is stated that it can also be used for heating 01. In such an application, the oil to be heated must inevitably come into direct contact with the surface of the PTC material and with the layer electrodes located thereon, specifically with a voltage of 220 V present between the layer electrodes of this PTC material.

In der DE-A-28 08 449 ist ein gleichartiges wabenförmiges Kaltleiterelement beschrieben, zu dem dort Bemessungen angegeben sind, die zur Lufterwärmung geeignet sind. Auch bei diesem Beispiel eines Kaltleiter-Heizelements steht die zu erwärmende Luft mit dem Kaltleitermaterial, seinen Elektroden und damit auch mit der angelegten elektrischen Spannung in unmittelbarer Berührung.DE-A-28 08 449 describes a similar honeycomb PTC thermistor element, for which dimensions are specified which are suitable for air heating. In this example of a PTC heating element, too, the air to be heated is in direct contact with the PTC material, its electrodes and thus also with the applied electrical voltage.

Aus der Druchschrift DE-U-78 11 098 ist eine Heizeinrichtung mit Kaltleitermaterial bekannt, bei der das Kaltleitermaterial und die an ihm anliegende elektrische Spannung mit dem zur erwärmenden Gut nicht in unmittelbare Berührung kommen kann. Diese Druckschrift bezieht sich im wesentlichen auf die Art der Anbringung eines 0,5 bis 2 mm dicken Kaltleiterplättchens zwischen zwei Wärmeableitflächen der gesamten Einrichtung. Aus dieser Druckschrift geht hervor, daß es für die Benutzung eines Kaltleiterplättchens als Heizelement mit hoher spezifischer Leistung wesentlich darauf ankommt, von diesem Plättchen auf beiden Seiten gleich gut die Wärme abzuleiten, um zu verhindern, daß das Kaltleiterplättchen wegen zu hoher Eingenerwärmung und damit entstehender innerer thermischer Spannungen zerplatzt.From the document DE-U-78 11 098 a heating device with PTC thermistor material is known, in which the PTC thermistor material and the electrical voltage applied to it cannot come into direct contact with the material to be heated. This document essentially relates to the manner of attaching a 0.5 to 2 mm thick thermistor plate between two heat dissipation surfaces of the entire device. This publication shows that it is essential for the use of a PTC plate as a heating element with a high specific power that it is equally important to dissipate the heat from this plate on both sides in order to prevent the PTC plate from heating up too much and thus resulting internal thermal stresses burst.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine solche Heizeinrichtung zur Vorwärmung von Heizöl anzugeben, mit der ohne besondere Einstellarbeit ein sich etwa über ein Größenordnung erstreckender Bereich der Ölzufuhr abgedeckt werden kann, die sich in einfacher Weise in auch bereits vorhandenen Ölbrenneranlagen einsetzen läßt und die sowohl bei 220 Volt als auch bei 110 bis 220 Volt ohne das Erfordernis eine Umschaltung zu betreiben ist.It is an object of the present invention to provide such a heating device for preheating heating oil, with which an area of oil supply which extends over an order of magnitude can be covered without special adjustment work and which can be used in a simple manner in already existing oil burner systems and which both at 220 volts and at 110 to 220 volts without the need to operate a switch.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Heizeinrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 erfindungsgemäß gelöst, wie dies im Kennzeichen der Ansprüche 1 und 3 angegeben ist.This object is achieved according to the invention with a heating device according to the preamble of patent claim 1, as indicated in the characterizing part of claims 1 and 3.

Die Verwendung von Kaltleitern zur Beheizung in unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsfällen ist bereits seit Jahrzehnten vorgeschlagen worden. Bei einem Kaltleiter handelt es sich dabei um ein Bauelement aus einem Material auf der Basis der Bariumtitanats, das durch prinzipiell bekannte Herstellungsmaßnahmen und Dotierungen eine selbststeuernde Temperatur-Widerstandscharakteristik hat. Bei Kaltleiter-Material, wie es z.B. aus "Keramische Zeitschrift", Band 12, 1964, 766-770 hervorgeht, tritt bei der sogenannten Curie-Temperatur, einer Spezifischen Materialgröße, mit weiterem Temperaturanstieg ein extremer Anstieg des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstands auf. Fig. 1 zeigt ein Diagramm, aus dem die Temperatur-Widerstandscharakteristik mit einer Angabe der Curie-Temperatur und der Steilheit

Figure imgb0001
hervorgehen.The use of PTC thermistors for heating in a wide variety of applications has been proposed for decades. A PTC thermistor is a component made of a material based on the barium titanate, which has a self-regulating temperature-resistance characteristic due to known manufacturing measures and doping. In the case of PTC thermistor material, as can be seen, for example, from "Keramische Zeitschrift", volume 12, 1964, 766-770, the so-called Curie temperature, a specific material size, leads to an extreme increase in the specific electrical resistance with a further rise in temperature. Fig. 1 shows a diagram from which the temperature-resistance characteristic with an indication of the Curie temperature and the slope
Figure imgb0001
 emerge.

Aus der DE-A-27 43 880 und der DE-U-78 04 316 sind bereits Einzelheiten für den grundsätzlichen Aufbau einer auch bei der vorliegenden Erfindung dem Prinzip nach zu verwendenden Heizeinrichtung mit Kaltleiter- Material bekannt. Auch sind dort bereits die allgemeinen physikalischen Grundlagen einer solchen Heizeinrichtung beschrieben. Die vorliegende Erfindung, die zum einen die Verwendung einer Kaltleiter-Heizeinrichtung zur Vorwärmung von Heizöl betrifft und zum anderen die für diesen speziellen Anwendungsfall noch erforderlichen Abwägungen bezüglich der Bemessungen umfaßt, hat eine Heizeinrichtung ergeben, die für eine jegliche Ölzufuhrmenge innerhalb des relativ weiten (und für Beheizung in Frage kommenden) Bereichs von 0,3 bis 2,5 I pro Stunde) verwendbar ist und die insbesondere auch ohne weitere Abänderung sowohl für 110 Volt als auch für 220 Volt passend ist. Diese Heizeinrichtung bedarf somit keiner zusätzlichen Einstellung.From DE-A-27 43 880 and DE-U-78 04 316 details for the basic structure of a heating device with PTC thermistor material, which is also to be used in the present invention, are already known. The general physical principles of such a heating device are also described there. The present invention, which relates on the one hand to the use of a PTC heater for preheating heating oil and on the other hand to include the dimensions that are still necessary for this special application, has resulted in a heating device which is suitable for any oil supply quantity within the relatively wide range (and suitable for heating) range from 0.3 to 2.5 I per hour) and which is particularly suitable for 110 volts as well as for 220 volts without further modification. This heating device therefore requires no additional adjustment.

An sich wurde erwartet, daß für einen so großen Spielraum der zu beheizenden Ölmenge und gegebenenfalls der Betriebsspannungen erhebliche individuelle Anpassungen erforderlich werden würden. Überraschenderweise ist jedoch einer solche Anpassung im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung entbehrlich. Dabei ist berücksichtigt, daß eine Erwärmung des zugeführten Heizöls für größere Zufuhrmengen (im Rahmen des angegebenen Bereichs) nicht so stark zu sein braucht, wie dies z.B. für die an der unteren Grenze liegende Zufuhrmenge von 0,3 I pro Stunde notwendig ist.As such, it was expected that such a large scope for the amount of oil to be heated and, if applicable, the operating voltages, would require considerable individual adjustments. Surprisingly, however, such an adaptation is unnecessary in the context of the present invention. It is taken into account that heating of the supplied heating oil does not need to be as strong for larger supply quantities (within the specified range), as is the case e.g. for the lower limit of 0.3 l per hour.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung geht aus der nachfolgend beschriebenen Fig. 2 hervor. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel liegen Einzelheiten vor, die auch schon in der DE―U―78 11 098 beschrieben sind. Mit 1 ist die Heizeinrichtung bezeichnet, die einen Wärmeableitungskörper 32 mit einem zur Aufnahme des Kaltleiter-Heizelements 4 vorgesehenen Zwischenraum 33 hat. Dieses Heizelement hat wie noch angegebene physikalische Größen. Auf den senkrecht zur Darstellungsebene der Figur stehenden Oberflächen des plattenförmigen Heizelements 4 befinden sich im Schnitt dargestellte Elektroden 8. Das Heizelement 4 ist mit Hilfe der keilförmigen Körper 37 und 137, die einen Keilwinkel y aufweisen, in den Zwischenraum 33 derart eingekeilt, daß außer einer festen Halterung auch guter Wärmekontakt von beiden Oberflächen des Heizelements 4 auf die wärmeableitenden Flächen 35 und 36 des Wärmeableitungskörpers 32 erfolgt. Mit 10 sind duktile Beilagen bezeichnet. Mit 11 sind Anschlußleitungen der Elektroden 8 bezeichnet, an die wahlweise eine Spannung von 110 Volt oder 220 Volt (oder einem dazwischenliegenden Spannungswert) angelegt werden können.An embodiment of a heating device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2 described below. In this embodiment there are details which have already been described in DE ― U ― 78 11 098. With 1 the heating device is designated, which has a heat dissipation body 32 with a space 33 provided for receiving the PTC heating element 4. This heating element has the physical sizes specified. Electrodes 8 are shown in section on the surfaces of the plate-shaped heating element 4 which are perpendicular to the plane of the figure. The heating element 4 is wedged into the intermediate space 33 by means of the wedge-shaped bodies 37 and 137, which have a wedge angle y, in such a way that, apart from one firm mounting also good thermal contact from both surfaces of the heating element 4 on the heat-dissipating surfaces 35 and 36 of the heat dissipation body 32 takes place. With 10 ductile inserts are designated. With 11 connecting lines of the electrodes 8 are designated, to which a voltage of 110 volts or 220 volts (or an intermediate voltage value) can be applied.

Der in der Darstellung der Figur obere Anteil 132 des Wärmeableitungskörpers 32 ist so augebildet, daß in die halbkreisförmige zylindrische Aussparung 133 ein solches Rohr mit gutem Wärmekontakt eingelegt werden kann, wie es als Kupferrohr für Ölförderung von der Tankanlage zum Brenner hin üblicherweise verwendet wird. Mit 134 ist ein zweckmäßigerweise zu verwendendes, zum Anteil 132 passendes Gegenstück bezeichnet. Dieses hat den die Aussparung 133 zu einem Zylinder ergänzenden Anteil einer Aussparung. Mit Hilfe der Schrauben 135 läßt sich dieses Teil 134 auf dem Wärmeableitungskörper 32 wie ersichtlich derart befestigen, daß das Kupferrohr 5 der Ölföderungsleitung mit gutem Wärmekontakt fest eingespannt wird. Das Teilstück 134 kann aber auch durch eine vielleicht weniger aufwendige Halterung des Wärmeableitungskörpers 32 am Rohr 5 ersetzt sein.The upper portion 132 of the heat dissipation body 32 in the illustration of the figure is designed such that a tube with good thermal contact can be inserted into the semicircular cylindrical recess 133, as is usually used as a copper tube for oil production from the tank system to the burner. 134 denotes a counterpart which is expediently to be used and matches the portion 132. This has the portion of a recess which supplements the recess 133 to form a cylinder. With the help of the screws 135, this part 134 can be fastened on the heat dissipation body 32, as can be seen, in such a way that the copper tube 5 of the oil recovery line is firmly clamped with good thermal contact. The section 134 can also be replaced by a perhaps less complex mounting of the heat dissipation body 32 on the tube 5.

Ein wärmeableitungskörper für eine erfindungsgemäße Heizeinrichtung hat für die Zuführung einer wie oben angegebenen Wärmemenge eine (senkrecht zur Darstellungsebene der Figur) gemessene Länge von z.B. 4,5 cm für ein Rohr 5 mit z.B. 8 mm Außendurchmesser.A heat dissipation body for a heating device according to the invention has a measured length (perpendicular to the plane of the figure) of e.g. 4.5 cm for a tube 5 with e.g. 8 mm outer diameter.

Nachfolgend werden für eine erfindungsgemäße Heizeinrichtung, z.B. für eine solche gemäß dem Aufbau der Fig. 2, passende Bemessungen angegeben und erläutert. Das Kaltleiter-Plättchen 4 hat eine Dicke von ca. 2 mm und 10 cm2 Gesamtfläche beider Plattenoberflächen. Als Kaltleiter-Material für eine vorgegebene Betriebsspannung von 220 Volt wird ein solches verwendet, das eine Curie-Temperatur Tc von 160°C hat und bei dieser Bezugs-temperatur Tc einen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand ρ° von ca. 17000 Ohm - cm aufweist. Die Curie-Temperatur ist so gewählt, daß sie etwa 10 bis 120° höher liegt t als die Temperatur, die zu beheizendes ÖI maximal erreichen soll. Bei einer Durchflußmenge von nur 0,3 I pro Stunde erreicht das durchfließende Öl bei den angegebenen 220 Volt Betriebsspannung etwa 110°C. Die Temperatur des Kaltleiter-Plättchens 4 stellt sich dabei selbstgeregelt auf eine Temperatur von 170°C ein, bei der vom Plättchen 35 Watt Heizleistung geliefert werden. Erreicht wird dies, wenn die Steilheit

Figure imgb0002
des Widerstandsanstiegs wenigstens 20%C beträgt. Fließt unter den gleichen Bedingungen eine Olmenge. von 2 pro Stunde hindurch, erfolgt eine Erwärmung des Öls auf immerhin noch 73°C, wobei vom Kaltleiter-Plättchen 4 dann 70 Watt abgegeben werden, weil bei größerer abgeführter Wärmemenge das Kaltleiter-Plättchen 4 sich nur noch auf etwa 167°C erwärmt.Appropriate dimensions are specified and explained below for a heating device according to the invention, for example one according to the structure of FIG. 2. The PTC thermistor plate 4 has a thickness of approximately 2 mm and 10 cm 2 total area of both plate surfaces. As a PTC thermistor material for a given operating voltage of 220 volts, one is used which has a Curie temperature T c of 160 ° C and at this reference temperature T c has a specific electrical resistance ρ ° of approx. 17000 Ohm - cm . The Curie temperature is chosen so that it is about 10 to 120 ° higher than the temperature that the oil to be heated is to reach at maximum. With a flow rate of only 0.3 l per hour, the oil flowing through at the specified 220 volt operating voltage reaches approximately 110 ° C. The temperature of the PTC thermistor plate 4 adjusts itself to a temperature of 170 ° C at which the plate delivers 35 watts of heating power. This is achieved when the slope
Figure imgb0002
 the increase in resistance is at least 20% C. An amount of oil flows under the same conditions. of 2 per hour, the oil is still heated to still 73 ° C, with the PTC-plate 4 then delivering 70 watts, because with a larger amount of heat dissipated, the PTC-plate 4 only heats up to about 167 ° C.

Soll die Heizeinrichtung auch unabhängig davon sein, ob 110 Volt oder 220 Volt angelegt werden, ist eine Kaltleiter-Material mit einem spezifischen Widerstand von z.B. p.=4300 Ohm · cm bei wiederum 160°C Curie-Temperatur auszuwählen. Bei 110 Volt wird dann eine Menge von 2 I pro Stunde hindurchfließenden Öls bei wiederum einer Heizleistung von 70 Watt auf 73°C erwärmt. Im anderen Extremfall, nämlich bei 220 Volt anliegender Betriebsspannung und nur 0,3 pro Stunde hindurchfließenden Öls, wird bei etwa der angegebenen Steilheit α=20%/°C eine Erwärmung auf 170°C erreicht.The heater should also be independent of whether 110 volts or 220 volts are applied a PTC thermistor material with a specific resistance of eg p = 4300 Ohm · cm at another 160 ° C Curie temperature is to be selected. At 110 volts, an amount of 2 l of oil flowing through per hour is then heated to 73 ° C. with a heating output of 70 watts. In the other extreme case, namely with an operating voltage of 220 volts and only 0.3 oil flowing through per hour, heating to 170 ° C. is achieved at the specified slope α = 20% / ° C.

Die angegebenen Werte für ρ°=17000 bzw. 4300 Ohm · cm können in jeweils einem Bereich varriert werden, dessen Obergrenze bei bis zu 20% größeren Werten (als die oben angegebenen ρ°-Werte) liegt. Die untere Grenze des jeweiligen Variationsbereichs für in Frage kommende po-Werte liegt vergleichsweise zu den oben angegebenen Werten bei etwa um einen Faktor 10 niedrigeren Werten. Jeweils kleinere Werte von p° führen zu etwas höherer Temperatur des hindurchfließenden, zu erwärmenden Öls.The specified values for ρ ° = 17000 or 4300 Ohm · cm can be varied in a range, the upper limit of which is up to 20% larger values (than the ρ ° values specified above). The lower limit of the respective range of variation for the p o values in question is approximately a factor 10 lower than the values given above. In each case smaller values of p ° lead to a somewhat higher temperature of the oil flowing through and to be heated.

Bei dem an zweiter Stelle beschriebenen Bemessungsbeispiel mit wahlweise 110 Volt oder 220 Volt Betriebsspannung und wahlweise 0,3 bis 2,5 I pro Stunde hindurchfließenden Öls wird ein Bereich von 1:40 für die Heizung in ausreichender Weise abgedeckt. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, daß die Betriebsspannung mit dem Quadrat ihres Wertes in die Berechnungen eingeht.In the dimensioning example described in the second place with either 110 volts or 220 volts operating voltage and optionally 0.3 to 2.5 liters of oil flowing through per hour, a range of 1:40 for the heating is adequately covered. It should be noted that the operating voltage is included in the calculations with the square of its value.

Claims (5)

1. A heating device for pre-heating fuel oil for oil heating systems, comprising a heating, element which consists of a material, having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance (cold conductor), characterised in that
in order to pre-heat any desired amount of oil in the range of 0.3 to 2.5 I per hour, the following design measurements are specified: that a material having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance, and a Curie temperature of between 120 and 220°C is provided;
that said material has a specific resistance po of 1700 to 20 000 Ohm - cm, measured at the operating voltage of 220 volt and the selected Curie temperature of the material; and
that the heating element is a plate-shaped body (4) which has a thickness of between 0.5 and 3 mm and which is arranged between heat dissipating surfaces (35, 36) which are located opposite one another and between which the plate-shaped body (4) is firmly wedged (37, 137) so as to be highly heat-conducting.
2. A heating device according to Claim 1, characterised in that a material having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance and a specific resistance of 17 000 Ohm - cm is used.
3. A heating device for pre-heating fuel oil for oil heating systems comprising a heating element which is made of a material having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance (cold conductor), characterised in that
in order to pre-heat any desired amount of oil in the range of 0.3 to 2.5 I per hour, the following design measurements are specified: that a material having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance and a Curie temperature of between 120 and 220°C is provided;
that said material has a specific resistance ρ° of 430 to 5000 Ohm - cm, measured at the operating voltage of 110 to 220 V and the selected Curie temperature of the material; and
that the heating element is a plate-shaped body (4) which has a thickness of between 0.5 and 3 mm and which is arranged between heat dissipating surfaces (35, 36) which are located opposite one another and between which the plate-shaped body (4) is firmly wedged (37, 137) so as to be highly heat-conducting.
4. A heating device as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that a material having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance and a specific resistance of about 4300 Ohm - cm is used.
5. A heating device as claimed in one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the heat dissipating body (32, 132) is so formed that it can be mounted on an oil conveying pipe (5) in a highly heat-conducting manner.
EP79103136A 1978-09-15 1979-08-24 Oil preheating device Expired EP0009136B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79103136T ATE3132T1 (en) 1978-09-15 1979-08-24 HEATING DEVICE FOR PREHEATING HEATING OIL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2840242 1978-09-15
DE2840242A DE2840242C2 (en) 1978-09-15 1978-09-15 Heating device for preheating heating oil

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EP0009136A2 EP0009136A2 (en) 1980-04-02
EP0009136A3 EP0009136A3 (en) 1980-04-16
EP0009136B1 true EP0009136B1 (en) 1983-04-20

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US (1) US4371778A (en)
EP (1) EP0009136B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5541400A (en)
AT (1) ATE3132T1 (en)
DE (1) DE2840242C2 (en)
DK (1) DK385279A (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0009136A3 (en) 1980-04-16
US4371778A (en) 1983-02-01
JPS5541400A (en) 1980-03-24
DK385279A (en) 1980-03-16
ATE3132T1 (en) 1983-05-15
EP0009136A2 (en) 1980-04-02
DE2840242C2 (en) 1984-08-23
DE2840242A1 (en) 1980-03-27

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