EP0007842B1 - Dispositif de détection et de localisation de rayonnements - Google Patents

Dispositif de détection et de localisation de rayonnements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0007842B1
EP0007842B1 EP79400472A EP79400472A EP0007842B1 EP 0007842 B1 EP0007842 B1 EP 0007842B1 EP 79400472 A EP79400472 A EP 79400472A EP 79400472 A EP79400472 A EP 79400472A EP 0007842 B1 EP0007842 B1 EP 0007842B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anodes
cathode
insulating support
potential
radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79400472A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0007842A1 (fr
Inventor
Georges Comby
Philippe Mangeot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP0007842A1 publication Critical patent/EP0007842A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0007842B1 publication Critical patent/EP0007842B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/08—Geiger-Müller counter tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for detecting and locating radiation and in particular phenomena releasing electrons.
  • the first of these operations consists in converting any photon into one or more electrons.
  • the second operation consists of a multiplication of these electrons, in order to obtain a measurable electrical signal.
  • Vacuum or gas photoelectric cells, photoconductive or photovoltaic cells, photomultipliers are used to measure light fluxes.
  • Photomultipliers in particular have a high sensitivity, making it possible to measure very low light fluxes, to detect and locate a single photoelectron. However, they require very careful, delicate and therefore very expensive manufacturing.
  • Their quantum efficiency, of the order of 10%, is linked to the efficiency of the photocathode.
  • Multiplication factor is of the order of 10 5 to 10 6 to their dark current is about 10 -7 A.
  • the aim of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks and, in particular, to produce a device for detecting and locating a radiation in which it is possible to detect and locate a single photon either by photoelectric effect on a photosensitive deposit, either by photoionization of a gaseous mixture and, as the case may be, by the two routes simultaneously.
  • the device of the invention also aims to allow electrostatic focusing of photoelectrons on repairable multiplier zones, thus ensuring localization of the place of conversion.
  • the multiplier zone has a high gain and thus makes it possible to obtain pulses whose large amplitude makes it easy to distinguish them from the background noise of the electronic equipment.
  • the design of the device of the invention is such that its elements can be repaired, in the event of faulty operation.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for detecting and locating radiation, comprising in a sealed enclosure, at least one cathode brought to a first potential with respect to a reference potential, a plurality of filiform anodes isolated between them, the ends of these anodes having the shape of points, the axes of these anodes coinciding with the axes of meshes produced in a metal layer forming a cathode, the sealed enclosure being provided with a window transparent to the radiation concerned, situated opposite the cathode and the anodes, photosensitive means also contained in the enclosure, as well as an insulating support having two faces, characterized in that a part of a face, situated opposite the porthole, is coated with said metal layer forming a network of meshes constituting the cathode, the tips of the anodes being arranged in withdrawal with respect to the face of the insulating support coated with the network of conductive meshes, the ends of the anodes being thus separated from each other by the insulating support.
  • the internal face of the window is coated with a frame of a conductive material, brought to a second potential relative to a reference potential.
  • the photosensitive means consist of a network of photosensitive material having the same shape as the network constituting the cathode and deposited in layers on this network.
  • the photosensitive means consist of at least one photoionizable gas circulating inside the enclosure.
  • the device of the invention further comprises means for detecting and locating the anodes which have a potential difference with respect to the reference potential.
  • the other face of the insulating support is coated with another network of meshes of a conductive material, parallel to the meshes of the network constituting the cathode, this other network being brought to a third potential with respect to the potential of reference.
  • the insulating support is pierced with holes corresponding to the meshes of the network constituting the cathode.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown in section, a device for detecting and locating radiation, according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • This device comprises, in a sealed enclosure 1, at least one cathode such as 2, brought to a first potential V 2 with respect to a reference potential and a plurality of filiform anodes 3, isolated from each other by an insulating part 4.
  • This device also includes photosensitive means which will be described in more detail.
  • the sealed enclosure 1 is provided with a transparent window 5 which is situated opposite the cathode 2 and the anodes 3.
  • the cathode 2 consists of a layer 14 of a conductive material forming a network of meshes; this layer is deposited on an insulating support 6, on the face 7 of the support opposite the insulating porthole 5.
  • the anodes 3 are filiform, their ends 8 are in the form of points.
  • photosensitive means are provided and are constituted by a photoionizable gas mixture circulating in the inside the enclosure.
  • the means which allow the circulation of this gas or of this gaseous mixture have not been shown in this figure.
  • the insulating support 6 is pierced with holes 9 which correspond respectively to the meshes of the network constituting the cathode.
  • this insulating support may not be pierced with holes corresponding to the meshes of the network forming the cathode.
  • the gas or gas mixture which is contained in the enclosure 1 ensures a high and stable electronic multiplication in the electric field zone, in the vicinity of the tips of the anodes.
  • the conversion of the photoelectrons is obtained by photoionization of the gas or of one of the constituents of the gas mixture or by the photoelectric effect of the photosensitive deposit, introduced into the enclosure 1.
  • the internal face 10 of the insulating window 5 can be coated with a frame of a conductive material brought to a second potential V, relative to the reference potential.
  • This frame can be deposited in a thin layer on the internal face of the porthole or consist of a mesh or a sheet of wires of very small diameter.
  • a gas or a gaseous mixture circulates inside the enclosure 1, so that the electronic multiplication is carried out in the electric field zone, in the vicinity of the tips anodes.
  • the photoelectrons are converted by photoionization of the gases or of the gas mixture contained in the enclosure.
  • the conductive frame 11, arranged on the internal face 10 of the porthole 5 is brought to the potential V 1 and allows efficient drainage of the photoelectrons in the electric field zone in the vicinity of the anodes, with better efficiency.
  • the other face 12 of the insulating support 6 can be coated with a network of meshes 13, of a conductive material; these meshes are parallel to those of the network constituting the cathode; they are brought to a third potential V 3 , relative to the reference potential.
  • this network can be deposited on the face 12, in the form of a thin layer. It can also be constituted by a network of isolated wires which makes it possible to collect information signals concerning the location of the radiations which reach the hubtot.
  • a gas or a gaseous mixture circulates inside the sealed enclosure 1 and that the photoelectronic conversion is carried out by photoionization of the gas or the gaseous mixture circulating in this pregnant.
  • the sealed enclosure 1 does not contain any photoionizable gas or gas mixture, but the photosensitive means consist, in this case, of a deposit 17 of a photosensitive material, deposited on the face 7 of the insulating support 6, in the form of a thin layer for example.
  • the radiation R acts on the photosensitive deposit 17 which releases electrons.
  • a network of a conductive material 13 can cover the other face 12 of the insulating support 6; in the same way, it can be envisaged that a network or a conductive frame 11 covers the internal face of the transparent porthole 5.
  • this enclosure is filled with a gas or a gas mixture; under these conditions, the photoelectronic conversion takes place simultaneously by photoelectric effect due to the photosensitive layer 14 and by photoionization in the gas or the gaseous mixture circulating in the enclosure 1.
  • the photosensitive means are therefore of these two types and it results therefrom that the photoelectric conversion can be carried out simultaneously by the two effects mentioned above; this can allow the detection and localization of two radiations of different wavelengths. It is obvious that, in the case where the array of cathodes is covered by a photosensitive deposit, these cathodes constitute an electrode distinct from the photosensitive deposit, even if the latter accepts the same material support.
  • spacers 15, 16 are also shown which support the insulating support 6 between the anode support 4 and the transparent window 5, inside the wall 17 of the enclosure 1.
  • the electronic multiplication takes place at the Geiger regime or almost -geiger, in the electric field of a tip or anode tips.
  • the mixture circulates in the body of the device by means which have not been shown, at a pressure adapted to the stability of the operation of the device.
  • the elements of the device and, in particular, the anodes and their support, the cathode network and its support can be produced in a single piece or according to a mosaic of discrete elements making it possible to produce detectors of very large dimensions and various shapes, spherical for example.
  • the overall thickness is very small and the device can be used by stacking. It makes it possible to detect and locate all kinds of nuclear radiation producing a greater number of primary electrons. As each anode is independent, this device makes it possible to record a high rate of events per second. In addition, it can be associated with various types of converters, such as gamma radiation, neutron converters, etc. .... Machine, there is also shown in this figure, means 18 which make it possible to detect and locate the anodes for which a potential difference appears compared to the reference potential. Indeed, all of these anodes play a role analogous to that of the microchannel wafers in a photomultiplier.
  • the means 18 which make it possible to detect and locate the anodes which have a potential difference with respect to the reference potential are well known in the state of the art and have not been described in detail. They are generally constituted by logic circuits which make it possible to identify the anode or anodes which have a potential difference with respect to the reference potential; these means also include means for measuring this potential difference.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown in section another form of the insulating support 6 and cathodes 2.
  • This support is not perforated as in the previous embodiments and it supports the tips 8 of the anodes 3.
  • the tips of these anodes as in the previous embodiments are set back relative to the level of the cathodes.
  • the face 12 of the support 6 could possibly comprise a network of conductive meshes opposite the network of meshes constituting the cathodes 2, carried by the face 7 of the support 6.
  • the face 7 of the support 6 can also be coated with a photosensitive layer 14.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown in top view, the face 7 of the insulating support 6 on which is deposited a network 2 of conductive meshes constituting the cathode.
  • This network in this particular embodiment has a honeycomb shape and it has been assumed that the anodes 3 were located at the center of holes 9 which pierce the insulating support 6.
  • the cathode is constituted by a conductive layer 2, deposited on the surface of the insulating support 6; the anodes 3 are located in the center of the holes 9 of the insulating support 6.
  • the cathode could be covered with a photosensitive layer and that the opposite face of the insulating support 6, not shown in these figures, could be covered with conductive layers forming a network identical to that shown.
  • the arrangement and the independence of the anodes facilitate very varied electronic geometric compositions with a view to selecting configurations of events in space and in time.

Landscapes

  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
EP79400472A 1978-07-12 1979-07-09 Dispositif de détection et de localisation de rayonnements Expired EP0007842B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7820807 1978-07-12
FR7820807A FR2431185A1 (fr) 1978-07-12 1978-07-12 Dispositif de detection et de localisation de rayonnements

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0007842A1 EP0007842A1 (fr) 1980-02-06
EP0007842B1 true EP0007842B1 (fr) 1984-08-08

Family

ID=9210668

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400472A Expired EP0007842B1 (fr) 1978-07-12 1979-07-09 Dispositif de détection et de localisation de rayonnements

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4280075A (ja)
EP (1) EP0007842B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS5515096A (ja)
DE (1) DE2967161D1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2431185A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5386625A (en) * 1977-09-14 1978-07-31 Hitachi Metals Ltd Permanent magnet alloy
US4578125A (en) * 1981-07-03 1986-03-25 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Permanent magnet
FR2534688A1 (fr) * 1982-10-19 1984-04-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif d'examen d'echantillons par emission electronique
GB2195204B (en) * 1986-09-19 1990-08-15 Senichi Masuda Apparatus for detecting ultra-fine particles
US5138168A (en) * 1988-07-08 1992-08-11 Oxford Positron Systems Limited Method and apparatus for quantitative autoradiography analysis
JP3248323B2 (ja) * 1993-12-08 2002-01-21 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 粒子加速器のビームモニタ装置
JPH07218643A (ja) * 1994-02-08 1995-08-18 Aloka Co Ltd 放射線入射位置検出装置
JP3354551B2 (ja) * 2000-06-27 2002-12-09 科学技術振興事業団 ピクセル型電極によるガス増幅を用いた粒子線画像検出器
US7586888B2 (en) * 2005-02-17 2009-09-08 Mobitrum Corporation Method and system for mesh network embedded devices
US7630736B2 (en) * 2005-10-11 2009-12-08 Mobitrum Corporation Method and system for spatial data input, manipulation and distribution via an adaptive wireless transceiver
US8411590B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2013-04-02 Mobitrum Corporation Mesh network remote control device
US8305935B2 (en) * 2006-07-27 2012-11-06 Mobitrum Corporation Method and system for dynamic information exchange on location aware mesh network devices
USRE47894E1 (en) 2006-07-27 2020-03-03 Iii Holdings 2, Llc Method and system for dynamic information exchange on location aware mesh network devices
US8305936B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2012-11-06 Mobitrum Corporation Method and system for dynamic information exchange on a mesh network in a vehicle
US7801058B2 (en) * 2006-07-27 2010-09-21 Mobitrum Corporation Method and system for dynamic information exchange on mesh network devices
US8427979B1 (en) 2006-07-27 2013-04-23 Mobitrum Corporation Method and system for dynamic information exchange on location aware mesh network devices
US20090189739A1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-07-30 Mobitrum Corporation Passive voice enabled rfid devices
JP5065171B2 (ja) * 2008-06-13 2012-10-31 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 光電子増倍管

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE500857A (ja) *
FR1022364A (fr) * 1950-06-14 1953-03-04 Cellule radiodétectrice
US3418474A (en) * 1965-11-09 1968-12-24 Baird Atomic Inc Panoramic radiation detector having a multiplicity of isolated gas chambers
US3383538A (en) * 1965-12-30 1968-05-14 Navy Usa Proportional counter tube including a plurality of anode-cathode units
US3676682A (en) * 1968-10-30 1972-07-11 Fred W Falk Absorbed ionizing radiation measuring device
FR2250120B1 (ja) * 1973-11-07 1977-03-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4280075A (en) 1981-07-21
JPS6238646B2 (ja) 1987-08-19
FR2431185B1 (ja) 1981-01-16
JPS5515096A (en) 1980-02-01
FR2431185A1 (fr) 1980-02-08
EP0007842A1 (fr) 1980-02-06
DE2967161D1 (en) 1984-09-13

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