EP0006433A1 - Device for commanding the flow of molten metal from a tundish into a continuous casting mould - Google Patents
Device for commanding the flow of molten metal from a tundish into a continuous casting mould Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0006433A1 EP0006433A1 EP79101417A EP79101417A EP0006433A1 EP 0006433 A1 EP0006433 A1 EP 0006433A1 EP 79101417 A EP79101417 A EP 79101417A EP 79101417 A EP79101417 A EP 79101417A EP 0006433 A1 EP0006433 A1 EP 0006433A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- control
- lever
- distributor
- nearby
- mechanical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
- B22D11/181—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/14—Closures
- B22D41/16—Closures stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening
- B22D41/20—Stopper-rod operating equipment
Definitions
- the invention relates to the adjustment of the flow rate of molten metal contained in a continuous casting distributor, itself supplied by a casting ladle, in the metal solidification molds. It is already known to regulate this flow rate by means of refractory buffer-nozzle elements.
- the buffer placed at the end of a stopper, more or less closes the orifice of the nozzle, by adjusting the lift of the stopper. This lifting is obtained by the action of a control member fixed to the distributor and connected to the stopper rod.
- the action on the control member can be manual, but it is also known to automate it by a device for measuring the filling of the mold.
- Such an adjustment circuit closed on itself can be produced by the use of radioactive sources which are suitably arranged but which have a certain number of drawbacks in use.
- a closed loop circuit based on the capture of radiation emitted by the liquid metal of the ingot mold, and industrially tested on the continuous casting installation of the applicant in conjunction with the mechanical control object of the invention, eliminates these drawbacks and exhibits perfectly reliable operation and remarkable level stability in the mold. This result is obtained even in the case where pipes are used to protect the jet of liquid metal flowing between the distributor and the ingot mold, in conjunction with synthetic slag covering the meniscus of liquid metal in the ingot mold.
- the present invention relates to a device for the adjustable displacement of the stopper buffer system of a distributor in a continuous casting installation in which said stopper, via a cross member, is connected to a vertically adjustable rod in a guide fixed to the distributor.
- the vertical adjustment is obtained by a rack and pinion device attacked by a lever.
- This lever can be quickly coupled by a fork connecting rod, which is part of a second purely mechanical assembly controlled remotely by means of a ball cable of known type from a control desk comprising both a manual control and control by electromechanical servo cylinder.
- the cylinder is actuated by the sensor by means of an electronic processing and power amplification box of known types.
- the passage from the control by the jack to the manual control is ensured by an appropriate clutch arranged so as to allow the use at will of one or the other of the controls.
- the take-up of all the transmission clearances is obtained by a counterweight balancing the gravitational, hydrostatic and friction forces, adjusted during assembly to maintain constantly, whatever the filling level of the distributor, a suitable force directed from bottom to top and which always remains less than the weight of the buffer stopper assembly.
- This counterweight avoids the use of elastic systems whose elasticity properties vary over time in a high temperature environment, and which also provide forces which vary according to their deformation.
- tundish 1 with its tapping hole 2 intended to feed a mold 3, this tapping hole being closed by a stopper 4 whose upper end is joined by a crosspiece 5 to a rack 6 sliding in a support 7 secured to the structure of the pocket 1.
- a rack 6 sliding in a support 7 secured to the structure of the pocket 1.
- pinion 8 wedged on the same shaft as a crank handle 9 with crank pin 10.
- a nearby control station 12 which comprises a first lever 13 and a second lever 14 hinged both on the same fixed axis 15, these two levers being able to be coupled together or decoupled at will by the installation or removal of a spindle 16.
- a control rod 17 of adjustable length is articulated at one end at a point 18 of the lever 13 while its other end 19 in the form of a hook can come to hang on the crank pin 10 of the crank 9 of the previous assembly.
- the end 20 of the second lever 14 is joined by a connecting rod 21 to a sliding device 22 actuated by a remote control with sheathed balls 23 from a remote control desk 24 to which the other end of the control balls 23 is fixed to another sliding device 25.
- the latter is coupled by another link 26 to a third lever 27 articulated at a fixed point 28 at the same time as a fourth lever 29.
- the third lever 27 can be actuated itself by a lateral articulation 30 and by means of a connecting rod 31 from a manual control lever 32 pivoting around a fixed axis 33 and comprising the articulation 34 of the other end of the link 31.
- a counterweight device 35 acts on this transmission, as indicated above.
- the device is advantageously completed by an emergency control constituted by an emergency control lever 40 which is fixed in the extension of the first lever 13.
- the casting operation can begin by manual action on the control 32 which freely ensures the transmission of movement, the clutch 39 being at this time not excited.
- This actuator ensures by Consequently, the movement of the stopper 4 is controlled at the same time as the movement of the lever 32.
- control desk 24 with its delicate parts, in particular the electric actuator, the manual control and the balancing counterweight being at a distance from the molten metal, this results in greater safety for the personnel during the placing. in operation and also better conservation of the material.
- the link 17 is decoupled from the crankpin 10 and frees the distributor from any connection, making it free to move, while ensuring the closure of the nozzle, the stopper-stopper system closing it under the action of its own weight.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Control Of Non-Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne le réglage du débit de métal en fusion contenu dans un répartiteur de coulée continue, lui-même alimenté par une poche de coulée, dans les lingotières de solidification du métal. Il est déjà connu de régler ce débit au moyen d'éléments réfractaires tampon-busette. Le tampon, placé à l'extrémité d'une quenouille, obture plus ou moins l'orifice de la busette, par le réglage de la levée de la quenouille. Cette levée s'obtient par l'action d'un organe de commande fixé au répartiteur et relié à la quenouille.The invention relates to the adjustment of the flow rate of molten metal contained in a continuous casting distributor, itself supplied by a casting ladle, in the metal solidification molds. It is already known to regulate this flow rate by means of refractory buffer-nozzle elements. The buffer, placed at the end of a stopper, more or less closes the orifice of the nozzle, by adjusting the lift of the stopper. This lifting is obtained by the action of a control member fixed to the distributor and connected to the stopper rod.
L'action sur l'organe de commande peut être manuelle, mais il est connu également de l'automatiser par un dispositif de mesure de remplissage de la lingotière. Un tel circuit de réglage fermé sur lui-même peut être réalisé par l'utilisation de sources radioactives convenablement disposées mais qui présentent un certain nombre d'inconvénients d'emploi. Un circuit en boucle fermée, basé sur la captation des rayonnements émis par le métal liquide de la lingotière, et expérimenté industriellement sur l'installation de coulée continue de la demanderesse en conjonction avec la commande mécanique objet de l'invention, supprime ces inconvénients et présente un fonctionnement parfaitement fiable, et une stabilité remarquable du niveau dans la lingotière. Ce résultat est obtenu même dans le cas où l'on utilise des tubulures de protection du jet de métal liquide s'écoulant entre répartiteur et lingotière, en conjonction avec des laitiers synthétiques de couverture du ménisque de métal liquide dans la lingotière.The action on the control member can be manual, but it is also known to automate it by a device for measuring the filling of the mold. Such an adjustment circuit closed on itself can be produced by the use of radioactive sources which are suitably arranged but which have a certain number of drawbacks in use. A closed loop circuit, based on the capture of radiation emitted by the liquid metal of the ingot mold, and industrially tested on the continuous casting installation of the applicant in conjunction with the mechanical control object of the invention, eliminates these drawbacks and exhibits perfectly reliable operation and remarkable level stability in the mold. This result is obtained even in the case where pipes are used to protect the jet of liquid metal flowing between the distributor and the ingot mold, in conjunction with synthetic slag covering the meniscus of liquid metal in the ingot mold.
Il est de plus connu de concevoir le répartiteur de manière à ce qu'il puisse être levé, abaissé, déplacé latéralement ou basculé, pour parer aux aléas du processus de coulée, ou aux nécessités de débuts et de fins de coulée, qu'il s'agisse de coulée séquentielle ou non. Ceci exige des liaisons facilement détachables entre les parties de commande attachées au répartiteur, et celles reliées aux organes de commande manuelle ou automatique. Il faut réduire les temps d'intervention au strict minimum et également protéger les organes délicats de la commande automatique, ce que l'invention permet.It is also known to design the distributor so that it can be raised, lowered, moved laterally or tilted, to deal with the vagaries of the casting process, or the needs of start and end of casting, it whether sequential casting or not. This requires easily detachable connections between the control parts attached to the distributor, and those connected to the manual or automatic control members. Intervention times must be reduced to the absolute minimum and also the delicate organs of automatic control, which the invention allows.
Il est connu également que dans le cas de commande automatique, le démarrage de coulée est d'autant plus délicat dans le second cas.It is also known that in the case of automatic control, the start of casting is all the more delicate in the second case.
La présente invention concerne un dispositif pour le déplacement réglable du système tampon quenouille d'un répartiteur dans une installation de coulée continue dans lequel ladite quenouille, par l'intermédiaire d'une traverse, est reliée à une tige réglable verticalement dans un guidage fixé au répartiteur. Le réglage vertical est obtenu par un dispositif pignon-crémaillère attaqué par un levier. Ce levier est couplable rapidement par une bielle à fourche, qui fait partie d'un second ensemble purement mécanique commandé à distance par l'intermédiaire d'un câble à bille de type connu à partir d'un pupitre de commande comportant à la fois une commande manuelle et une commande par vérin d'asservissement électromécanique. Le vérin est actionné par le capteur au moyen d'un coffret de traitement électronique et d'amplification de puissance de types connus. Le passage de la commande par le vérin à la commande manuelle est assuré par un embrayage approprié disposé de façon à permettre d'utiliser à volonté l'une ou l'autre des commandes. Le rattrapage de tous les jeux de transmission est obtenu par un contrepoids d'équilibrage des forces de pesanteur, hydrostatiques et de frottement, réglé au montage pour maintenir constamment, quelque soit le niveau de remplissage du répartiteur, une force convenable dirigée de bas en haut et qui reste toujours inférieure au poids de l'ensemble quenouille tampon. Ce contrepoids évite l'emploi de systèmes élastiques dont les propriétés d'élasticité varient au fil du temps dans un environnement à température élevée, et qui en outre fournissent des efforts qui varient en fonction de leur déformation.The present invention relates to a device for the adjustable displacement of the stopper buffer system of a distributor in a continuous casting installation in which said stopper, via a cross member, is connected to a vertically adjustable rod in a guide fixed to the distributor. The vertical adjustment is obtained by a rack and pinion device attacked by a lever. This lever can be quickly coupled by a fork connecting rod, which is part of a second purely mechanical assembly controlled remotely by means of a ball cable of known type from a control desk comprising both a manual control and control by electromechanical servo cylinder. The cylinder is actuated by the sensor by means of an electronic processing and power amplification box of known types. The passage from the control by the jack to the manual control is ensured by an appropriate clutch arranged so as to allow the use at will of one or the other of the controls. The take-up of all the transmission clearances is obtained by a counterweight balancing the gravitational, hydrostatic and friction forces, adjusted during assembly to maintain constantly, whatever the filling level of the distributor, a suitable force directed from bottom to top and which always remains less than the weight of the buffer stopper assembly. This counterweight avoids the use of elastic systems whose elasticity properties vary over time in a high temperature environment, and which also provide forces which vary according to their deformation.
D'autres particularités de l'invention apparaissent dans la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation pris comme exemple et représenté sur le dessin annexé, sur lequel la figure unique représente, en élévation avec coupe partielle, l'ensemble du dispositif.Other features of the invention appear in the following description of an embodiment taken as an example and shown in the accompanying drawing, on which the single figure shows, in elevation with partial section, the entire device.
On voit sur la figure un répartiteur de coulée 1 avec son trou de coulée 2 destiné à alimenter une lingotière 3, ce trou de coulée étant fermé par une quenouille 4 dont l'extrémité supérieure est réunie par une traverse 5 à une crémaillère 6 coulissant dans un support 7 solidaire de la structure de la poche 1. Sur cette crémaillère agit un pignon 8 calé sur le même arbre qu'une manivelle 9 à maneton 10.We see in the figure a tundish 1 with its tapping
Tout près de ce poste de coulée 11 se trouve un poste de commande à proximité 12 qui comporte un premier levier 13 et un deuxième levier 14 articulé tous les deux sur le même axe fixe 15, ces deux leviers pouvant être couplés entre eux ou découplés à volonté par la mise en place ou le retrait d'une broche 16. Une bielle de commande 17 de longueur réglable est articulée à une extrémité en un point 18 du levier 13 tandis que son autre extrémité 19 en forme de crochet peut venir s'accrocher sur le maneton 10 de la manivelle 9 de l'ensemble précédent. L'extrémité 20 du second levier 14 est réunie par une biellette 21 à un dispositif coulissant 22 actionné par une commande à distance à billes sous gaine 23 à partir d'un pupitre de commande à distance 24 auquel l'autre extrémité de la commande à billes 23 est fixée à un autre dispositif coulissant 25. Ce dernier est couplé par une autre biellette 26 à un troisième levier 27 articulé en un point fixe 28 en même temps qu'un quatrième levier 29.Very close to this casting station 11 is a nearby control station 12 which comprises a
Le troisième levier 27 peut être actionné lui-même par une articulation latérale 30 et par l'intermédiaire d'une biellette 31 à partir d'un levier de commande manuel 32 pivotant autour d'un axe fixe 33 et comportant l'articulation 34 de l'autre extrémité de la biellette 31. En même temps, un dispositif de contrepoids 35 agit sur cette transmission, comme indiqué précédemment.The
D'autre part, sur l'extrémité 36 du quatrième levier 29 s'articule l'extrémité d'un vérin électrique 37 lui-même articulé en un point fixe 38, et un embrayage électromagnétique 39 permet d'accoupler le troisième levier 27 avec le quatrième levier 29.On the other hand, on the
Enfin, le dispositif se complète avantageusement par une commande de secours constituée par un levier de commande de secours 40 qui se fixe dans le prolongement du premier levier 13.Finally, the device is advantageously completed by an emergency control constituted by an
Après mise en place du répartiteur avant de couler, il suffit d'accrocher la biellette réglable 17 sur son maneton 10. Lorsque le répartiteur a été rempli de métal venant de la poche, l'opération de coulée peut commencer par une action manuelle sur la commande 32 qui assure librement la transmission du mouvement, l'embrayage 39 étant à ce moment non excité. On peut ensuite assurer la régulation automatique à partir du dispositif optique électronique usuel, non représenté, en couplant celui-ci sur le moteur du vérin électrique 37, en alimentant en même temps l'excitation de l'embrayage électromagnétique 39. Ce vérin assure par conséquent la commande du mouvement de la quenouille 4 en même temps que le déplacement du levier 32.After the distributor has been put in place before pouring, it suffices to hang the adjustable link 17 on its
L'ensemble du pupitre de commande 24 avec ses parties délicates, notamment le vérin électrique, la commande manuelle et le contrepoids d'équilibrage se trouvant à distance du métal en fusion, il en résulte une plus grande sécurité pour le personnel lors de la mise en marche et également une meilleure conservation du matériel.The whole of the
Toutefois, en cas de panne du dispositif électronique ou du vérin 37, l'embrayage 39 se trouve immédiatement débrayé et l'on peut alors à nouveau reprendre la commande manuelle par le levier 32. Dans le cas extrême ou même la commande à distance 23, ou encore ses leviers ou ses biellettes de transmission se trouvaient bloqués, on pourrait alors immédiatement retirer la broche 16 et continuer à opérer la coulée en agissant à la main sur la commande de secours 40.However, in the event of failure of the electronic device or of the
Enfin, en cas d'incidents nécessitant l'évacuation d'urgence du répartiteur, la biellette 17 est découplée du maneton 10 et libère le répartiteur de toute liaison lui rendant toute liberté de mouvements, tout en assurant la fermeture de la busette, le système tampon-quenouille venant l'obturer sous l'action de son propre poids.Finally, in the event of incidents requiring the emergency evacuation of the distributor, the link 17 is decoupled from the
Claims (3)
caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte :
characterized by the fact that it comprises:
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT79101417T ATE607T1 (en) | 1978-06-28 | 1979-05-09 | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF METAL FROM A DISTRIBUTION TANK TO A CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLD. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7819391A FR2429632A1 (en) | 1978-06-28 | 1978-06-28 | DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE FLOW RATE OF A PLUG OF A DISPENSING CONTAINER IN A CONTINUOUS CASTING SYSTEM, BY CONTROLLING AT THE METAL BATH OF A RECEIVING LINGOTIERE |
FR7819391 | 1978-06-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0006433A1 true EP0006433A1 (en) | 1980-01-09 |
EP0006433B1 EP0006433B1 (en) | 1982-01-27 |
Family
ID=9210100
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79101417A Expired EP0006433B1 (en) | 1978-06-28 | 1979-05-09 | Device for commanding the flow of molten metal from a tundish into a continuous casting mould |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4271896A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0006433B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5527488A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE607T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1141141A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2961947D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES482430A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2429632A1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN149561B (en) |
PL (1) | PL124466B1 (en) |
SU (1) | SU961549A3 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA792927B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0049225A1 (en) * | 1980-09-25 | 1982-04-07 | CEDA S.p.A. | Interchangeable device for axially moving the stopper of a tundish |
FR2515082A1 (en) * | 1981-10-23 | 1983-04-29 | Stopinc Ag | CASTING INSTALLATION WITH SEVERAL MOLTEN METAL CONTAINERS EACH EQUIPPED WITH A DRAWER SHUTTER |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4461336A (en) * | 1981-08-26 | 1984-07-24 | Victor Remeika | System for emergency interruption of continuous casting operations |
US4744407A (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1988-05-17 | Inductotherm Corp. | Apparatus and method for controlling the pour of molten metal into molds |
EP0296443A3 (en) * | 1987-06-22 | 1989-11-08 | Zimmermann & Jansen GmbH | Method and device for automatically filling a continuous casting mold |
US5105873A (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1992-04-21 | Warmington C Edward | Casting operation emergency shut-off apparatus |
FR2859929B1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2007-01-26 | Realisations Tech Sert Soc Et | METHOD FOR AUTOMATICALLY STARTING A CONTINUOUS CASTING PLANT AND ASSEMBLY FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
TW202406647A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2024-02-16 | 法商維蘇威塞特簡易股份有限公司 | Control device for a metallurgical vessel stopper-rod |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1935782A1 (en) * | 1969-07-15 | 1971-01-28 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Material flow control in continuous casting - moulding |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1207251A (en) * | 1915-10-20 | 1916-12-05 | George Alexander Wettengel | Ladle-stopper-operating mechanism. |
US2832110A (en) * | 1951-11-01 | 1958-04-29 | Blaw Knox Co | Ladle stopper control apparatus |
US2753605A (en) * | 1952-11-29 | 1956-07-10 | Republic Steel Corp | Apparatus for metering of molten metal by weight |
US2753606A (en) * | 1953-11-23 | 1956-07-10 | Ind Equipment Company | Tap raising and lowering mechanism for a foundry ladle |
CH513690A (en) * | 1970-06-08 | 1971-10-15 | Patusa Ag | Device for controlling a stopper of a casting container |
CH551821A (en) * | 1972-10-17 | 1974-07-31 | Concast Ag | PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR REGULATING THE LEVEL OF THE MELT IN MOLDS OF CONTINUOUS CASTING PLANTS. |
US3842894A (en) * | 1973-01-17 | 1974-10-22 | American Metal Climax Inc | Automatic means for remote sweep-scanning of a liquid level and for controlling flow to maintain such level |
-
1978
- 1978-06-28 FR FR7819391A patent/FR2429632A1/en active Granted
- 1978-11-01 IN IN1184/CAL/78A patent/IN149561B/en unknown
-
1979
- 1979-05-09 AT AT79101417T patent/ATE607T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-05-09 EP EP79101417A patent/EP0006433B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-05-09 DE DE7979101417T patent/DE2961947D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-07 JP JP7067879A patent/JPS5527488A/en active Pending
- 1979-06-13 ZA ZA792927A patent/ZA792927B/en unknown
- 1979-06-14 CA CA000329800A patent/CA1141141A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-18 PL PL1979216412A patent/PL124466B1/en unknown
- 1979-06-25 US US06/051,648 patent/US4271896A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-06-28 SU SU792784396A patent/SU961549A3/en active
- 1979-06-28 ES ES482430A patent/ES482430A1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1935782A1 (en) * | 1969-07-15 | 1971-01-28 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Material flow control in continuous casting - moulding |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0049225A1 (en) * | 1980-09-25 | 1982-04-07 | CEDA S.p.A. | Interchangeable device for axially moving the stopper of a tundish |
FR2515082A1 (en) * | 1981-10-23 | 1983-04-29 | Stopinc Ag | CASTING INSTALLATION WITH SEVERAL MOLTEN METAL CONTAINERS EACH EQUIPPED WITH A DRAWER SHUTTER |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL124466B1 (en) | 1983-01-31 |
DE2961947D1 (en) | 1982-03-11 |
US4271896A (en) | 1981-06-09 |
ZA792927B (en) | 1980-06-25 |
CA1141141A (en) | 1983-02-15 |
JPS5527488A (en) | 1980-02-27 |
ES482430A1 (en) | 1980-04-01 |
ATE607T1 (en) | 1982-02-15 |
PL216412A1 (en) | 1980-03-10 |
IN149561B (en) | 1982-01-23 |
EP0006433B1 (en) | 1982-01-27 |
SU961549A3 (en) | 1982-09-23 |
FR2429632A1 (en) | 1980-01-25 |
FR2429632B1 (en) | 1983-02-25 |
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