EP0006040B1 - Procédé de régulation du niveau d'eau dans les chaudières ou générateurs de vapeur - Google Patents

Procédé de régulation du niveau d'eau dans les chaudières ou générateurs de vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0006040B1
EP0006040B1 EP79400273A EP79400273A EP0006040B1 EP 0006040 B1 EP0006040 B1 EP 0006040B1 EP 79400273 A EP79400273 A EP 79400273A EP 79400273 A EP79400273 A EP 79400273A EP 0006040 B1 EP0006040 B1 EP 0006040B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
function
signal
level
steam
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79400273A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0006040A3 (en
EP0006040A2 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Ruiz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Areva NP SAS
Original Assignee
Framatome SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Framatome SA filed Critical Framatome SA
Publication of EP0006040A2 publication Critical patent/EP0006040A2/fr
Publication of EP0006040A3 publication Critical patent/EP0006040A3/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0006040B1 publication Critical patent/EP0006040B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/004—Control systems for steam generators of nuclear power plants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for regulating the water level in boilers or steam generators during operation and more particularly during the start-up phase.
  • the generator In the case of pressurized steam generators, the generator consists of a large enclosure inside which are mounted tubes fixed on a tubular plate and conveying the primary fluid which is pressurized water .
  • the enclosure also receives food water from filling the generator to a certain level and circulating in contact with the tubes carrying the primary fluid during its stay in the steam generator. This contact with the primary fluid tubes allows vaporization of the drinking water at the top of the steam generator, this steam being sent to the turbine. Feed water is introduced into the steam generator to replace the vaporized water.
  • disturbing elements intervene to produce more or less significant variations in the water level.
  • These disturbing elements are, for example, the variations in the steam flow rate as a function of the power required from the turbine, the flow rate and temperature of the feed water and the temperature of the primary circuit, which also depend inter alia on the level of power required by compared to nominal power.
  • Other elements can also intervene accidentally during sudden load variations or faulty operation of the reactor.
  • a level regulation device as described for example in FR - A - 2.312.728 comprises a unit allowing the measurement of the actual instantaneous level in the steam generator, the comparison of this level with a reference level, the preparation a difference signal proportional to the difference ⁇ between the measured water level and the reference level and the introduction of this signal into a regulator making it possible to modify the flow rate of intake of drinking water into the generator steam via valves.
  • Two valves are generally used, one of which is used for flows greater than 15 or 20% of the nominal water flow, and the other for flows between 0 and 15 or 20% of the nominal flow of drinking water.
  • the drinking water is itself recirculated by a circuit collecting the water recovered at the outlet of the turbine condenser and comprising a set of heaters recovering the residual heat of the steam before purging in the condenser.
  • the temperature of the drinking water is thus a function of the power level requested from the turbine.
  • the proportionality factor, or gain, by which we multiply the signal representing the level difference to develop the signal introduced into the regulator allowing the control of the valves is a linear function of the power level compared to the nominal power, c ' that is, the ratio of real power to nominal power.
  • c ' the ratio of real power to nominal power.
  • the linear variation in the loop gain is a function of the main parameter, i.e. the temperature of the drinking water, which directly influences the dynamics of the process and is representative of its level. charge.
  • a very low regulation loop gain is generally imposed at low load so as to ensure good damping.
  • the gain varies between 1 and 8 when the power goes from the value 0 to the nominal value.
  • the gain is minimal, which considerably reduces the performance of the regulating device.
  • This minimum gain does not effectively compensate for transient disturbances to which the installation may be subject, with the consequence of poorly controlled changes in the water level which can have the effect of allowing the process to evolve towards dangerous operating zones requiring activation of the installation's security systems.
  • the supply of water by the low-flow valve used at low load may be insufficient and the steam demand causes a sudden drop in the water in the steam generator which can cause an emergency shutdown of the reactor.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose an improvement to the current process for regulating the water level in boilers or steam generators during operation and more particularly during the start-up phase, in which the flow rate is affected.
  • intake of drinking water through a difference signal proportional to the difference between the actual measured water level and a reference level, the proportionality or gain factor being a linear function of the power level of the boiler or generator of steam compared to its nominal power, an improvement which makes it possible to control energetic actions at low load, to carry out fully automatic starts, to improve damping at maximum load, to reduce wear on the regulating members, for example the valves, by reducing their stress on a steady state and avoiding the resumption of manual control in the event of excessive disturbance.
  • this linear deviation signal relative to the power level is modified, for values of ⁇ comprised in a bounded domain surrounding the value zero, by a second signal which is a function of the level difference ⁇ , this non-function linear keeping very low values for low values of ⁇ and increasing very quickly for higher values of E , so as to increase the total gain for low power levels and high values of ⁇ within the bounded domain and one acts on the feed water intake flow rate thanks to the signal resulting from the modification of the linear signal.
  • the single figure schematically represents the control chain associated with the valves for the intake of drinking water into a steam generator of a pressurized water reactor.
  • the steam generator is shown diagrammatically at 1, this generator being supplied with pressurized water by a circuit 2 in communication with the vessel of the nuclear reactor.
  • the steam generator also receives food water at 3 via a circuit 4 and produces steam which is sent to the upper part by a circuit 5 in a steam collector 6 which supplies steam to the turbine. 7.
  • the steam condenses in a condenser 8 which feeds a circuit 9 in which the recovered water is sent by pumps 10 in heaters 12 receiving their calories from the steam leaving the different stages of the turbine.
  • the food water returns to the supply circuit 4 to be admitted via valves 14 and 15, with a controlled flow rate, into the steam generator 1 at 3.
  • valve 14 is a high flow valve and the valve 15 mounted in bypass with respect to the valve 14 is a low flow valve.
  • Valves 14 and 15 can be used alternately depending on the flow rate of food water requested from the steam generator.
  • valves 14 and 15 are part of a device 16 making it possible to supply the steam generator with edible water in a controlled manner.
  • a temperature tap 18 making it possible to measure the temperature of the drinking water and to continuously supply a signal proportional to this temperature to a function generator 19 which generates, from this temperature T, a function f, (T), in the form of a signal which is sent to a signal multiplier 20 which also receives a signal representing the value of the difference between the actual water level in the steam generator and a reference level .
  • the signal representing E is generated by a comparator device 21 which receives on the one hand a signal sent by a device 22 for measuring the water level in the steam generator and on the other hand a reference signal produced by a generator signal 23 from the vapor pressure at the first stage of the turbine and representative of the power of the turbine
  • the multiplier 20 amplifies the signal representing ⁇ with a gain equal to f, (T).
  • the signal representing ⁇ is taken from a branch circuit and sent to a function generator 24 which generates a resulting signal representing ⁇ xf 2 ( E ), or f 2 ( ⁇ ) is a function which will be defined below.
  • the signal representing ⁇ xf 2 ( ⁇ ) is sent to a summator 25 which also receives from the multiplier 20 the signal representing ⁇ xf 1 (T).
  • the adder 25 therefore restores a signal representative of the function
  • This signal is received by a regulator 26 of series structure which allows the control of the device 16 for controlled water supply to the steam generator.
  • a form regulator can be retained.
  • the temperature T of the drinking water is itself a function that the function f 1 (T) is also a function of this power level where W is the instantaneous thermal power requested from the steam generator and Wn the nominal power.
  • the signal generated by the function generator 19 is therefore representative of a function
  • the function f 1 is a linear function of
  • valves 14 and 1 5 which constitute the adjustment elements will be little stressed during normal operation of the steam generator. A significant damping in steady state and in the absence of disturbances is obviously linked to a low precision during this period but this precision is sufficient since the disturbances are then low.
  • this function is symmetrical with respect to the origin 0, that is to say that this function takes opposite values for values + ⁇ and - E.
  • This odd-symmetric function of ⁇ makes it possible to take into account the absolute value of ⁇ and to treat in the same way positive and negative difference signals of the same amplitude, if at the level of the summator 25 we add to the function f1 the absolute value of the function f2 ( ⁇ ).
  • the signal sent to the regulator 26 and used for the control of the controlled supply device 16 then has a significant value to the detriment of the damping, which makes it possible to vary very quickly and with a large amplitude, the intake flow from drinking water in the steam generator. We can then easily follow the demand for drinking water and avoid the operation of safety devices.
  • valve 14 when the feed water flow rates requested from the steam generators are high, the valve 14 is used and when these flow rates are low, the valve 15. In practice, the valve 15 is used, at low flow rate, for flows between 0 and 15% of the nominal flow and the valve 14 for flows greater than 15% of the nominal flow.
  • the generator 24 therefore operates in a bounded domain ⁇ 0 + ⁇ O within which a corrective term is given to the linear gain to allow an effective action of the regulation device in the case of large transients, this corrective term being limited to the value
  • the device according to the invention allows automatic regulation of the water level in the steam generator both in steady state and during transients of large amplitude, for example at the start of the installation which can be performed fully automatically by adding to the linear signal with respect to the power level a corrective signal non-linear function of the level difference.
  • the choice of a serial structure of the regulator allowing a serial injection of the difference signal makes it possible to take full advantage of the characteristics of the two difference functions.
  • the function generator 24 can generate a function of ⁇ of any type different from what is shown in the figure provided that this function f2 ( ⁇ ) keeps low values for ⁇ close to 0 and takes values important as soon as ⁇ deviates from this value, this function f2 ( E ) not being a linear function of the difference E.
  • the method according to the invention can be applied to installations comprising any number of steam generators, an adjustment device being associated with each of these generators which may include a common water supply circuit.
  • the invention can also be applied to boilers or steam generators apart from those used in the field of nuclear reactors, if the field of use of these boilers or steam generators has areas of instability in which however it is desired that the system retains acceptable dynamic performance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
EP79400273A 1978-05-25 1979-04-27 Procédé de régulation du niveau d'eau dans les chaudières ou générateurs de vapeur Expired EP0006040B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7815505A FR2426933A1 (fr) 1978-05-25 1978-05-25 Procede de regulation du niveau d'eau dans les chaudieres ou generateurs de vapeur
FR7815505 1978-05-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0006040A2 EP0006040A2 (fr) 1979-12-12
EP0006040A3 EP0006040A3 (en) 1980-01-23
EP0006040B1 true EP0006040B1 (fr) 1981-03-18

Family

ID=9208669

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400273A Expired EP0006040B1 (fr) 1978-05-25 1979-04-27 Procédé de régulation du niveau d'eau dans les chaudières ou générateurs de vapeur

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4275447A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0006040B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5517091A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE876553A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2960193D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES480835A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2426933A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA792373B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4424186A (en) * 1981-03-02 1984-01-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Power generation
US4470948A (en) * 1981-11-04 1984-09-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Suppression of malfunction under water-solid conditions
US4521371A (en) * 1981-12-16 1985-06-04 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Vessel liquid level indication
US4551796A (en) * 1983-06-03 1985-11-05 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Liquid level control system for vapor generator
US4534320A (en) * 1984-03-01 1985-08-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method for determining the amount of dissolved oxygen from above and below water level air leakage in a steam power plant
US4770841A (en) * 1986-10-08 1988-09-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Methods and apparatus for dynamic systems control
US4912732A (en) * 1988-04-14 1990-03-27 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Automatic steam generator control at low power
US5024802A (en) * 1990-10-22 1991-06-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method for steam generator water level measurement
US5249551A (en) * 1991-04-09 1993-10-05 Kirkpatrick William J Steam generation system mass and feedwater control system
US5410492A (en) * 1992-01-29 1995-04-25 Arch Development Corporation Processing data base information having nonwhite noise
US5459675A (en) * 1992-01-29 1995-10-17 Arch Development Corporation System for monitoring an industrial process and determining sensor status
FR2700026B1 (fr) * 1992-12-30 1995-02-10 Framatome Sa Procédé et dispositif de réglage d'un processus.
US5541969A (en) * 1994-08-24 1996-07-30 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Midloop water level monitor
US5761090A (en) * 1995-10-10 1998-06-02 The University Of Chicago Expert system for testing industrial processes and determining sensor status
JP6553847B2 (ja) * 2014-06-04 2019-07-31 三菱重工業株式会社 給水制御装置および給水装置
CN112366012B (zh) * 2020-10-23 2022-05-03 岭东核电有限公司 蒸汽发生器的水位预警方法、装置、终端设备及存储介质
CN112682770B (zh) * 2020-12-25 2022-12-27 中广核研究院有限公司 直流式蒸汽发生器压力控制方法及系统
JP2023142911A (ja) * 2022-03-25 2023-10-06 三菱重工業株式会社 給水制御システム、給水制御装置、給水制御方法及びプログラム
CN115264485B (zh) * 2022-09-27 2023-01-13 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 一种超临界锅炉储水罐水位自动控制系统

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3837167A (en) * 1973-06-07 1974-09-24 Babcock & Wilcox Co Control system for a two boiler, single turbine generator power producing unit
US3931500A (en) * 1973-11-13 1976-01-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation System for operating a boiling water reactor steam turbine plant with a combined digital computer and analog control
JPS5812443B2 (ja) * 1975-01-31 1983-03-08 株式会社東芝 タ−ビンセイギヨソウチ
BE829567A (fr) * 1975-05-28 1975-11-28 Acec Installation de reglage d'admission d'eau alimentaire secondaire au bas d'un generateur de vapeur
US4061533A (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-12-06 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Control system for a nuclear power producing unit
US4120159A (en) * 1975-10-22 1978-10-17 Hitachi, Ltd. Steam turbine control system and method of controlling the ratio of steam flow between under full-arc admission mode and under partial-arc admission mode

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5517091A (en) 1980-02-06
BE876553A (fr) 1979-11-26
FR2426933B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-09-19
EP0006040A3 (en) 1980-01-23
DE2960193D1 (en) 1981-04-16
US4275447A (en) 1981-06-23
FR2426933A1 (fr) 1979-12-21
ES480835A1 (es) 1979-11-16
EP0006040A2 (fr) 1979-12-12
JPS6138362B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1986-08-29
ZA792373B (en) 1980-12-31

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