EP0004506B1 - Device for heating a liquid to a given temperature - Google Patents

Device for heating a liquid to a given temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0004506B1
EP0004506B1 EP79400177A EP79400177A EP0004506B1 EP 0004506 B1 EP0004506 B1 EP 0004506B1 EP 79400177 A EP79400177 A EP 79400177A EP 79400177 A EP79400177 A EP 79400177A EP 0004506 B1 EP0004506 B1 EP 0004506B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
annular space
liquid
enclosure
tube
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79400177A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0004506A2 (en
EP0004506A3 (en
Inventor
Roger Dewulf
Michel Germain
Jean-Luc Denis
Christian Lecointre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP0004506A2 publication Critical patent/EP0004506A2/en
Publication of EP0004506A3 publication Critical patent/EP0004506A3/en
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Publication of EP0004506B1 publication Critical patent/EP0004506B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/14—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
    • F24H1/142—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a device for bringing a liquid to a given temperature and for constantly and precisely controlling and regulating the temperature to which said liquid is brought.
  • This device can be applied in particular to heat each of the liquid phases entering at each end of a liquid-liquid extraction column and to regulate their temperature with precision.
  • an aqueous acidic solution is used, for example to re-extract uranium or plutonium previously fixed by an organic solution such as tributylphosphate or trilaurylamine, and that this liquid-liquid re-extraction is carried out in a column in which the two solutions are set against the current.
  • an organic solution such as tributylphosphate or trilaurylamine
  • a device for heating a liquid having characteristics of this type is described in patent NL-C-44509 which shows such a device comprising inside a vertical sealed cylindrical enclosure, a vertical tube closed at its base and connected at its upper end to the upper wall of said enclosure, in which a heating resistor is placed and, placed between the wall of the tube and the wall of the enclosure, two concentric ferrules of said tube, the ferrule adjacent to said tube being free to its upper part and connected to its lower part to the lower wall of the enclosure and the other ferrule being free at its lower part and connected to its upper part to the upper wall of the enclosure, said ferrules successively delimiting from the tube wall; a first annular space for ascending circulation of the liquid, a second annular space for descending circulation of the liquid, a third annular space for ascending circulation of the liquid, this device also comprising means for supplying the liquid to the lower part of the first annular space and means for extracting the liquid at the upper part of the third annular space.
  • the device according to the invention solves the problems mentioned above, in particular in that it makes it possible to bring a liquid to a given temperature without there being direct contact with a heating element and in that it allows constantly and precisely control and regulate the temperature to which said liquid is brought.
  • the device for bringing a liquid to a given temperature in accordance with the invention is of the same type as that which has just been described with reference to patent NL-C-4,459 and it is characterized in that the length of the resistor is at least a quarter less than the height of the tube, the other ferrule being close to the wall of the enclosure, the ferrule adjacent to the tube comprising in its lower part a plurality of orifices distributed radially, the second annular space being substantially wider than the first annular space, the third annular space being provided with means for homogenizing the temperature of the liquid, and means being provided for controlling and keeping constant the temperature at which said liquid leaves said device.
  • the means for controlling and keeping constant the temperature at which said liquid leaves said device are constituted by a regulator which is connected on the one hand, to the heating resistance and, on the other hand, to a resistance probe placed in communication with the liquid leaving said device.
  • the second annular space is at most five times wider than the first annular space.
  • the means for homogenizing the temperature of the liquid in the third annular space consist of turns whose axis is parallel to the axis of the enclosure and which are arranged in a helix from bottom to top of said third annular space.
  • the means for supplying the liquid to the lower part of the first annular space are constituted by a vertical duct opening out at the base of said annular space in which the liquid is brought to a certain flow rate using a pump.
  • the means for extracting the liquid from the upper part of the third annular space consist of a horizontal duct in the upper part of this third annular space.
  • the orifices distributed radially in the lower part of the shell separating the first annular space from the second annular space are for example circular orifices.
  • the vertical cylindrical enclosure 1 in which is placed a vertical tube 2 closed at its base and connected at its upper end, at 3, to the upper wall of the enclosure 1.
  • the heating resistor 4 is placed, the length of which is at least 1/4 less than the height of the tube 2.
  • Two ferrules 5 and 6 are placed between the wall of the tube 2 and the wall of the enclosure 1 and delimit a first annular space 7, a second annular space 8 and a third annular space 9.
  • the ferrule 5, adjacent to the tube 2 is free at its upper end and connected at its lower part to the lower wall of the enclosure 1.
  • the ferrule 6, adjacent to the wall of the enclosure 1, is free at its lower part and connected at its upper part to the upper wall of the enclosure 1.
  • the first annular space 7, between the tube 2 and the shell 5, is very thin, of the order of 6 millimeters in width.
  • the ferrule 5 has in its lower part circular recycling orifices 10 distributed radially.
  • the second annular space 8 is substantially wider than the first annular space; this space is at most five times wider than the first annular space, that is, in this case, about 30 mm.
  • the third annular space 9 is provided with turns 11 whose axis is parallel to the axis of the enclosure 1 and which are arranged in a helix from bottom to top.
  • the conduit 12 for introducing the liquid into the device opens at the lower end of the first annular space 7.
  • the conduit 13 for extracting the liquid brought to a certain temperature opens into the upper part of the third annular space 9.
  • a regulator 14 is connected, on the one hand to the resistor 4, on the other hand to a resistance probe 15 which is in communication with the conduit 13.
  • the various elements constituting the device according to the invention can be constituted either by a metal or an alloy such as stainless steel, or even by all types of elastomers.
  • the liquid which one wishes to bring to a certain temperature is introduced at the bottom of the annular space 7, via the conduit 12, at a certain flow rate using a pump not shown in the figure. Given the small diameter of this annular space 7, as the liquid rises in the tube 2, it heats up so that its speed and its flow increase. This results in the creation of a depression at the base of the annular space 7. The liquid then passes to the upper part of the annular space 8 where it circulates more slowly from top to bottom due to the difference in the sections between the annular spaces 7 and 8. Due to the depression created at the base of the annular space 7, a certain quantity of the liquid arriving in the lower part of the annular space 8 is recycled in the annular space 7 through the orifices 10, until temperature equilibrium.
  • the assembly comprising the spaces 7 and 8, the orifices 10 and the heating resistor 4 thus fulfills a thermo-siphon function having the result of avoiding the degradation of the liquid, in particular in the event of a reduction in the flow rate of the liquid introduced through the conduit 12.
  • the liquid Under the pressure of the flow, the liquid, having reached a certain temperature, passes to the lower part of the second annular space 8 in the annular space 9, where it circulates from bottom to top to finally exit by the conduit 13 at a certain temperature .
  • the temperature of the liquid finishes homogenizing in the annular space 9, thanks to the turns 11.
  • thermo-siphon function authorized by the presence of the orifices 10 results from the depression created at the base of the annular space 7.
  • This depression has two origins because of the small section of the space 7 and the fact that the liquid quit must be brought to a given temperature opens at the base of the space 7, near the heating resistor 4, which creates a significant temperature gradient between the top and the bottom of the annular space 7.
  • the liquid circulated in the opposite direction inside the device shown in the figure that is to say from the outer annular space 9 to the inner annular space 7, the temperature gradient between the ends of the latter would be significantly reduced, so that the thermo-siphon effect would be very weak.
  • the regulator 14 detects, thanks to the resistance probe 15, the possible variations in the temperature of the liquid leaving in the conduit 13 and, according to the indications given by this resistance probe 15, delivers the correction signals required for the heating resistor 4.
  • a device as described above, having a useful volume of 262 centiliters, can be used for a liquid flow rate of up to 20 liters per hour, with a resistance of 400 Watts.
  • the residence time of the liquid in the device is 90 seconds.
  • the liquid intended to be brought to a certain temperature is not in permanent contact with the heating element, which avoids any deterioration in the quality of this liquid.
  • a practically constant temperature is obtained at the outlet and, in the event of slight variations in this temperature at the outlet of the device, there is permanent correction so as to maintain it at a constant value.
  • the device according to the invention has the advantage that it is very compact.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif pour porter un liquide à une température donnée et pour contrôler et réguler de façon constante et précise la température à laquelle ledit liquide est porté.The subject of the present invention is a device for bringing a liquid to a given temperature and for constantly and precisely controlling and regulating the temperature to which said liquid is brought.

Ce dispositif peut s'appliquer notamment pour chauffer chacune des phases liquides entrant à chacune des extrémités d'une colonne d'extraction liquide-liquide et régler leur température avec précision.This device can be applied in particular to heat each of the liquid phases entering at each end of a liquid-liquid extraction column and to regulate their temperature with precision.

On sait que l'on utilise, par exemple pour réextraire de l'uranium ou du plutonium préalablement fixé par une solution organique telle que du tributylphosphate ou de la trilauryl- amine, une solution aqueuse acide et que cette réextraction liquide-liquide s'effectue dans une colonne dans laquelle les deux solutions sont mises en contre-courant. Dans de telles colonnes d'extraction liquide-liquide, il est nécessaire que chacune des deux phases liquides introduites respectivement à l'extrémité inférieure et à l'extrémité supérieure de la colonne d'extraction, à un débit déterminé, soit à une certaine température et que cette température reste le plus possible constante à quelques dixièmes de °C près.It is known that an aqueous acidic solution is used, for example to re-extract uranium or plutonium previously fixed by an organic solution such as tributylphosphate or trilaurylamine, and that this liquid-liquid re-extraction is carried out in a column in which the two solutions are set against the current. In such liquid-liquid extraction columns, it is necessary for each of the two liquid phases introduced respectively at the lower end and at the upper end of the extraction column, at a determined flow rate, to be at a certain temperature and that this temperature remains as constant as possible within a few tenths of ° C.

Pour porter chacune de ces phases à la température voulue et maintenir cette température constante, on a mis en contact directement avec chacune de ces phases un élément chauffant, tel qu'une résistance électrique. Mais, on constate dans ce cas une dégradation desdites phases liquides qui est susceptible de nuire gravement à la qualité des échanges chimiques au cours des cycles d'échanges.To bring each of these phases to the desired temperature and maintain this constant temperature, a heating element, such as an electrical resistance, was brought into direct contact with each of these phases. However, in this case there is a deterioration of said liquid phases which is capable of seriously harming the quality of the chemical exchanges during the exchange cycles.

Un dispositif de chauffage d'un liquide présentant des caractéristiques de ce type est décrit dans le brevet NL-C-44509 qui montre un tel dispositif comprenant à l'intérieur d'une enceinte cylindrique étanche verticale, un tube vertical fermé à sa base et raccordé à son extrémité supérieure à la paroi supérieure de ladite enceinte, dans lequel est placée une résistance chauffante et, placées entre la paroi du tube et la paroi de l'enceinte, deux viroles concentriques dudit tube, la virole voisine dudit tube étant libre à sa partie supérieure et raccordée à sa partie inférieure à la paroi inférieure de l'enceinte et l'autre virole étant libre à sa partie inférieure et raccordée à sa partie supérieure à paroi supérieure de l'enceinte, lesdites viroles délimitant successivement à partir de la paroi du tube; un premier espace annulaire de circulation ascendante du liquide, un deuxième espace annulaire de circulation descendante du liquide, un troisième espace annulaire de circulation ascendante du liquide, ce dispositif comprenant également des moyens d'alimentation du liquide à la partie inférieure du premier espace annulaire et des moyens d'extraction du liquide à la partie supérieure du troisième espace annulaire.A device for heating a liquid having characteristics of this type is described in patent NL-C-44509 which shows such a device comprising inside a vertical sealed cylindrical enclosure, a vertical tube closed at its base and connected at its upper end to the upper wall of said enclosure, in which a heating resistor is placed and, placed between the wall of the tube and the wall of the enclosure, two concentric ferrules of said tube, the ferrule adjacent to said tube being free to its upper part and connected to its lower part to the lower wall of the enclosure and the other ferrule being free at its lower part and connected to its upper part to the upper wall of the enclosure, said ferrules successively delimiting from the tube wall; a first annular space for ascending circulation of the liquid, a second annular space for descending circulation of the liquid, a third annular space for ascending circulation of the liquid, this device also comprising means for supplying the liquid to the lower part of the first annular space and means for extracting the liquid at the upper part of the third annular space.

Le dispositif conforme à l'invention résoud les problèmes évoqués ci-dessus, notamment en ce qu'il permet de porter un liquide à une température donnée sans qu'il y ait contact direct avec un élément chauffant et en ce qu'il permet de contrôler et réguler de façon constante et précise la température à laquelle ledit liquide est porté.The device according to the invention solves the problems mentioned above, in particular in that it makes it possible to bring a liquid to a given temperature without there being direct contact with a heating element and in that it allows constantly and precisely control and regulate the temperature to which said liquid is brought.

A cet effet, le dispositif pour porter un liquide à une température donnée conforme à l'invention est du même type que celui qui vient d'être décrit en se référant au brevet NL-C- 4 4509 et il se caractérise en ce que la longueur de la résistance est inférieure d'au moins un quart à la hauteur du tube, l'autre virole étant voisine de la paroi de l'enceinte, la virole voisine du tube comportant dans sa partie inférieure une pluralité d'orifices répartis radialement, le deuxième espace annulaire étant sensiblement plus large que le premier espace annulaire, le troisième espace annulaire étant muni de moyens pour homogénéiser la température du liquide, et des moyens étant prévus pour contrôler et maintenir constante la température à laquelle ledit liquide sort dudit dispositif.To this end, the device for bringing a liquid to a given temperature in accordance with the invention is of the same type as that which has just been described with reference to patent NL-C-4,459 and it is characterized in that the length of the resistor is at least a quarter less than the height of the tube, the other ferrule being close to the wall of the enclosure, the ferrule adjacent to the tube comprising in its lower part a plurality of orifices distributed radially, the second annular space being substantially wider than the first annular space, the third annular space being provided with means for homogenizing the temperature of the liquid, and means being provided for controlling and keeping constant the temperature at which said liquid leaves said device.

Suivant une caractéristique de l'invention, les moyens pour contrôler et maintenir constante la température à laquelle ledit liquide sort dudit dispositif sont constitués par un régulateur qui est connecté d'une part, à la résistance chauffante et, d'autre part, à une sonde à résistance mise en communication avec le liquide sortant dudit dispositif.According to a characteristic of the invention, the means for controlling and keeping constant the temperature at which said liquid leaves said device are constituted by a regulator which is connected on the one hand, to the heating resistance and, on the other hand, to a resistance probe placed in communication with the liquid leaving said device.

Selon une autre caractéristique du dispositif considéré, le deuxième espace annulaire est au plus cinq fois plus large que le premier espace annulaire.According to another characteristic of the device considered, the second annular space is at most five times wider than the first annular space.

Selon un mode de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention, les moyens pour homogénéiser la température du liquide dans le troisième espace annulaire sont constitués par des spires dont l'axe est parallèle à l'axe de l'enceinte et qui sont disposées en hélice de bas en haut dudit troisième espace annulaire.According to one embodiment of the device of the invention, the means for homogenizing the temperature of the liquid in the third annular space consist of turns whose axis is parallel to the axis of the enclosure and which are arranged in a helix from bottom to top of said third annular space.

Dans le dispositif considéré, les moyens d'alimentation du liquide à la partie inférieure du premier espace annulaire sont constitués par un conduit vertical débouchant à la base dudit espace annulaire dans lequel le liquide est amené à un certain débit à l'aide d'une pompe. Les moyens d'extraction du liquide à la partie supérieure du troisième espace annulaire sont constitués par un conduit horizontal dans la partie supérieure de ce troisième espace annulaire. Les orifices répartis radialement dans la partie inférieure de la virole séparant le premier espace annulaire du deuxième espace annulaire sont par exemple des orifices circulaires.In the device under consideration, the means for supplying the liquid to the lower part of the first annular space are constituted by a vertical duct opening out at the base of said annular space in which the liquid is brought to a certain flow rate using a pump. The means for extracting the liquid from the upper part of the third annular space consist of a horizontal duct in the upper part of this third annular space. The orifices distributed radially in the lower part of the shell separating the first annular space from the second annular space are for example circular orifices.

L'inventon sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite en se référant à la figure jointe qui représent schématiquement, en coupe, un mode de réalisation du dispositif considéré. Bien entendu, cette description n'a aucun caractère limitatif vis-à-vis de l'invention.The inventon will be better understood on reading the description which follows, made with reference to the attached figure which represents schematically, in section, an embodiment of the device considered. Of course, this description has no limiting character with respect to the invention.

Sur la figure jointe, on a représenté l'enceinte cylindrique verticale 1 dans laquelle est placé un tube vertical 2 fermé à sa base et raccordé à son extrémité supérieure, en 3, à la paroi supérieure de l'enceinte 1. Dans ce tube 2, est placée la résistance chauffante 4 dont la longueur est inférieure d'au moins 1/4 à la hauteur du tube 2.In the attached figure, there is shown the vertical cylindrical enclosure 1 in which is placed a vertical tube 2 closed at its base and connected at its upper end, at 3, to the upper wall of the enclosure 1. In this tube 2 , the heating resistor 4 is placed, the length of which is at least 1/4 less than the height of the tube 2.

Deux viroles 5 et 6 sont placées entre la paroi du tube 2 et la paroi de l'enceinte 1 et délimitent un premier espace annulaire 7, un deuxième espace annulaire 8 et un troisième espace annulaire 9. La virole 5, voisine du tube 2, est libre à son extrémité supérieure et raccordée à sa partie inférieure à la paroi inférieure de l'enceinte 1. La virole 6, voisine de la paroi de l'enceinte 1, est libre à sa partie inférieure et raccordée à sa partie supérieure à la paroi supérieure de l'enceinte 1. Le premier espace annulaire 7, compris entre le tube 2 et la virole 5, est très mince, de l'ordre de 6 millimètres de largeur. La virole 5 comporte dans sa partie inférieure des orifices de recyclage circulaires 10 répartis radialement. Le deuxième espace annulaire 8 est sensiblement plus large que le premier espace annulaire; cet espace est au plus cinq fois plus large que le premier espace annulaire, soit, dans ce cas précis, environ 30 mm. Le troisième espace annulaire 9 est pourvu de spires 11 dont l'axe est parallèle à l'axe de l'enceinte 1 et qui sont disposées en hélice de bas en haut.Two ferrules 5 and 6 are placed between the wall of the tube 2 and the wall of the enclosure 1 and delimit a first annular space 7, a second annular space 8 and a third annular space 9. The ferrule 5, adjacent to the tube 2, is free at its upper end and connected at its lower part to the lower wall of the enclosure 1. The ferrule 6, adjacent to the wall of the enclosure 1, is free at its lower part and connected at its upper part to the upper wall of the enclosure 1. The first annular space 7, between the tube 2 and the shell 5, is very thin, of the order of 6 millimeters in width. The ferrule 5 has in its lower part circular recycling orifices 10 distributed radially. The second annular space 8 is substantially wider than the first annular space; this space is at most five times wider than the first annular space, that is, in this case, about 30 mm. The third annular space 9 is provided with turns 11 whose axis is parallel to the axis of the enclosure 1 and which are arranged in a helix from bottom to top.

Le conduit 12 d'introduction du liquide dans le dispositif débouche à l'extrémité inférieure du premier espace annulaire 7. Le conduit 13 d'extraction du liquide porté à une certaine température débouche dans la partie supérieure de troisième espace annulaire 9.The conduit 12 for introducing the liquid into the device opens at the lower end of the first annular space 7. The conduit 13 for extracting the liquid brought to a certain temperature opens into the upper part of the third annular space 9.

Un régulateur 14 est connecté, d'une part à la résistance 4, d'autre part à une sonde à résistance 15 qui est en communication avec le conduit 13.A regulator 14 is connected, on the one hand to the resistor 4, on the other hand to a resistance probe 15 which is in communication with the conduit 13.

Les différents éléments constituant le dispositif conforme à l'invention peuvent être constitués soit par un métal ou un alliage tel que de l'acier inoxydable, soit encore, par tous types d'élastomères.The various elements constituting the device according to the invention can be constituted either by a metal or an alloy such as stainless steel, or even by all types of elastomers.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif conforme à l'invention est le suivant.The operation of the device according to the invention is as follows.

Le liquide que l'on veut porter à une certaine température est introduit au bas de l'espace annulaire 7, par l'intermédiaire du conduit 12, à un certain débit à l'aide d'une pompe non représentée sur la figure. Etant donné le faible diàmètre de cet espace annulaire 7, au fur et à mesure que le liquide monte dans le tube 2, il s'échauffe de sorte que sa vitesse et son débit augmentent. Il en résulte la création d'une dépression à la base de l'espace annulaire 7. Le liquide passe ensuite à la partie supérieure de l'espace annulaire 8 où il circule plus lentement de haut en bas en raison de la différence des sections entre les espaces annulaires 7 et 8. En raison de la dépression créée à la base de l'espace annulaire 7, une certaine quantité du liquide arrivant dans la partie inférieure de l'espace annulaire 8 se recycle dans l'espace annulaire 7 au travers des orifices 10, jusqu'à équilibre de la température. L'ensemble comprenant les espaces 7 et 8, les orifices 10 et la résistance chauffante 4 remplit ainsi une fonction de thermo-siphon ayant pour résultat d'éviter la dégradation du liquide, notamment en cas de diminution du débit du liquide introduit par le conduit 12.The liquid which one wishes to bring to a certain temperature is introduced at the bottom of the annular space 7, via the conduit 12, at a certain flow rate using a pump not shown in the figure. Given the small diameter of this annular space 7, as the liquid rises in the tube 2, it heats up so that its speed and its flow increase. This results in the creation of a depression at the base of the annular space 7. The liquid then passes to the upper part of the annular space 8 where it circulates more slowly from top to bottom due to the difference in the sections between the annular spaces 7 and 8. Due to the depression created at the base of the annular space 7, a certain quantity of the liquid arriving in the lower part of the annular space 8 is recycled in the annular space 7 through the orifices 10, until temperature equilibrium. The assembly comprising the spaces 7 and 8, the orifices 10 and the heating resistor 4 thus fulfills a thermo-siphon function having the result of avoiding the degradation of the liquid, in particular in the event of a reduction in the flow rate of the liquid introduced through the conduit 12.

Sous la poussée du débit, le liquide, ayant atteint une certaine température, passe à la partie inférieure du deuxième espace annulaire 8 dans l'espace annulaire 9, où il circule de bas en haut pour finalement sortir par le conduit 13 à une certaine température. La température du liquide finit de s'homogénéiser dans l'espace annulaire 9, grâce aux spires 11.Under the pressure of the flow, the liquid, having reached a certain temperature, passes to the lower part of the second annular space 8 in the annular space 9, where it circulates from bottom to top to finally exit by the conduit 13 at a certain temperature . The temperature of the liquid finishes homogenizing in the annular space 9, thanks to the turns 11.

On remarquera que la fonction de thermo-siphon autorisée par la présence des orifices 10 résulte de la dépression créée à la base de l'espace annulaire 7. Cette dépression a pour double origine la faible section de l'espace 7 et le fait que le liquide quit doit être porté à une température donnée débouche à la base de l'espace 7, à proximité de la résistance chauffante 4, ce qui crée un gradient de température important entre le haut et le bas de l'espace annulaire 7. En effet, si le liquide circulait dans le sens inverse à l'intérieur du dispositif représenté sur la figure, c'est-à-dire de l'espace annulaire extérieur 9 vers l'espace annulaire intérieur 7, le gradient de température entre les extrémités de ce dernier serait sensiblement réduit, de telle sorte que l'effet de thermo-siphon serait très faible.It will be noted that the thermo-siphon function authorized by the presence of the orifices 10 results from the depression created at the base of the annular space 7. This depression has two origins because of the small section of the space 7 and the fact that the liquid quit must be brought to a given temperature opens at the base of the space 7, near the heating resistor 4, which creates a significant temperature gradient between the top and the bottom of the annular space 7. Indeed , if the liquid circulated in the opposite direction inside the device shown in the figure, that is to say from the outer annular space 9 to the inner annular space 7, the temperature gradient between the ends of the latter would be significantly reduced, so that the thermo-siphon effect would be very weak.

Tout au long du fonctionnement du dispositif, le régulateur 14 détecte, grâce à la sonde à résistance 15, les variations éventuelles de la température du liquide sortant dans le conduit 13 et, en fonction des indications données par cette sonde à résistance 15, délivre les signaux de correction nécessaires à la résistance chauffante 4.Throughout the operation of the device, the regulator 14 detects, thanks to the resistance probe 15, the possible variations in the temperature of the liquid leaving in the conduit 13 and, according to the indications given by this resistance probe 15, delivers the correction signals required for the heating resistor 4.

Un dispositif, tel que décrit ci-dessus, présentant un volume utile de 262 centilitres, peut être utilisé pour un débit de liquide pouvant atteindre 20 litres par heure, avec une résistance de 400 Watts. Pour un débit de 10 litres par heure, le temps de séjour du liquide dans le dispositif est de 90 secondes.A device, as described above, having a useful volume of 262 centiliters, can be used for a liquid flow rate of up to 20 liters per hour, with a resistance of 400 Watts. For a flow rate of 10 liters per hour, the residence time of the liquid in the device is 90 seconds.

Ainsi, grâce au dispositif conforme à l'invention, le liquide destiné à être porté à une certaine température n'est pas en contact permanent avec l'élément chauffant, ce qui évite toute détérioration de la qualité de ce liquide. On obtient à la sortie une température pratiquement constante et, en cas de variations légères de cette température à la sortie du dispositif, il y a correction permanente de façon à la maintenir à une valeur constante. De plus, le dispositif conforme à l'invention présente cet avantage qu'il est d'un encombrement très faible.Thus, thanks to the device according to the invention, the liquid intended to be brought to a certain temperature is not in permanent contact with the heating element, which avoids any deterioration in the quality of this liquid. A practically constant temperature is obtained at the outlet and, in the event of slight variations in this temperature at the outlet of the device, there is permanent correction so as to maintain it at a constant value. Of more, the device according to the invention has the advantage that it is very compact.

Claims (6)

1. Apparatus for bringing a liquid to a given temperature comprising, within a sealed vertical, cylindrical enclosure (1), a vertical tube (2) sealed at its base and connected at its upper end to the upper wall of said enclosure, in which is placed a filament resistor (4), whilst between the tube wall and the enclosure wall are positioned two ferrules (5, 6) which are concentric with respect to said tube, the ferrule (5) adjacent to tube (2) being free in its upper part and connected in its lower part to the lower wall of the enclosure, whilst the upper ferrule (6) is free in its lower part and its upper part is connected to the upper wall of the enclosure, said ferrules successively defining starting from the wall of the tube: a first annular space (7) for the upward flow of the liquid, a second annular space (8) for the downward flow of the liquid and a third annular space (9) for the upward flow of the liquid, said apparatus also comprising means (12) for supplying liquid to the lower part of the first annular space and means (13) for extracting the liquid from the upper part of the third annular space, characterized in that the length of resistor (4) is less than quarter the height of tube (2), the other ferrule (6) being adjacent to the wall of the enclosure, the adjacent ferrule (5) of the tube having in its lower part a plurality of radially distributed orifices, the second annular space being significantly wider than the first annular space, whilst the third annular space is provided with means (11) for making the liquid temperature uniform and means (15) for controlling and maintaining constant the temperature at which the liquid leaves the apparatus.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (14, 15) for controlling and maintaining the temperature at which the liquid leaves the apparatus comprise a regulator (14) connected on the one hand to the filament resistor (4) and on the other hand to a resistance probe (15) linked with the liquid leaving the apparatus.
3. Apparatus according to either of the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the second annular space (8) is five times wider than the first annular space (7).
4. Apparatus according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means for ensuring a uniform liquid temperature in the third annular space are constituted by convolutions (11), whose axis is parallel to the enclosure axis and which are helically arranged from bottom to top of said third annular space (9).
5. Apparatus according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means for supplying liquid to the lower part of the first annular space (7) are constituted by a vertical duct (12) issuing into the bottom of the first annular space (7).
6. Apparatus according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the means for extracting the liquid from the upper part of the third annular space are constituted by a horizontal duct (13) issuing into the upper part of the third annular space (9).
EP79400177A 1978-03-21 1979-03-16 Device for heating a liquid to a given temperature Expired EP0004506B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7808115A FR2420726A1 (en) 1978-03-21 1978-03-21 DEVICE FOR BRINGING A LIQUID TO A GIVEN TEMPERATURE
FR7808115 1978-03-21

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EP0004506A2 EP0004506A2 (en) 1979-10-03
EP0004506A3 EP0004506A3 (en) 1979-10-17
EP0004506B1 true EP0004506B1 (en) 1981-07-01

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US (1) US4286140A (en)
EP (1) EP0004506B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS54126884A (en)
DE (1) DE2960437D1 (en)
ES (1) ES478797A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2420726A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES478797A1 (en) 1979-11-01
FR2420726B1 (en) 1982-01-15
EP0004506A2 (en) 1979-10-03
US4286140A (en) 1981-08-25
FR2420726A1 (en) 1979-10-19
DE2960437D1 (en) 1981-10-08
EP0004506A3 (en) 1979-10-17
JPS54126884A (en) 1979-10-02

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