EP0000604B1 - Antiperspirant applicators - Google Patents

Antiperspirant applicators Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000604B1
EP0000604B1 EP78200100A EP78200100A EP0000604B1 EP 0000604 B1 EP0000604 B1 EP 0000604B1 EP 78200100 A EP78200100 A EP 78200100A EP 78200100 A EP78200100 A EP 78200100A EP 0000604 B1 EP0000604 B1 EP 0000604B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase
antiperspirant
weight
gel
barrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP78200100A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0000604A1 (en
Inventor
David Lee Shelton
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Publication of EP0000604A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000604A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q15/00—Anti-perspirants or body deodorants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/0216—Solid or semisolid forms
    • A61K8/0229—Sticks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/0216—Solid or semisolid forms
    • A61K8/0233—Distinct layers, e.g. core/shell sticks
    • A61K8/0237—Striped compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/26—Aluminium; Compounds thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antiperspirant compositions in the form of solid applicators.
  • the compositions herein comprise at least three phases, one of which is an antiperspirant phase containing antiperspirant materials a second of which is an alcohol gel phase which can contain deodorant materials and a third of which is a barrier phase isolating and insulating the other two phases from each other.
  • Antiperspirant compositions in stick form are known in the art.
  • Single phase antiperspirant compositions have, for example, been disclosed in U.S. Patent 1,948,669 and British Patent 1,433,695.
  • Stick compositions of this type typically employ large amounts of waxy materials as the vehicle which delivers the antiperspirant active to the skin.
  • the antiperspirant active materials often are present in the stick in particulate form which is particularly effective.
  • Such stick products are stable and are especially effective for delivering large amounts of antiperspirant salts to the skin.
  • soap/alcohol gel sticks have been formulated using special additives such as lactate salts. (See, for example, U.S. Patent 2,732,327 and U.S. Patent 2,900,306. Some soap/alcohol gel antiperspirant sticks have also been formulated in two phases with an inner core containing gel-compatible antiperspirant salts and an outer shell containing deodorant materials (See U.S. Patent 2,970,083).
  • Combinations of a conventional waxy antiperspirant composition with a soap/alcohol gel to form a two-phase stick composition could enhance composition efficacy and improve composition cosmetic benefits. Such combination is, however, not made without certain difficulties. While each phase alone of such a stick composition is stable, contact between the two phases can cause destructive interaction between the two phases. The alcohol gel phase experiences syneresis which is a bleeding or leaking of the gelled alcohol from the gel structure or matrix. Such leaked alcohol can interact with components of the waxy phase and can thus consume or physically separate the phases, thereby resulting in an unacceptable consumer product.
  • the present invention relates to antiperspirant compositions in the form of a multi-phase applicator.
  • Such compositions comprise from 35% to 65% by weight of a shearable solid antiperspirant phase, from 35% to 65% by weight of a gel phase; and an interjacent barrier phase contiguous to both the gel and the antiperspirant phase, which barrier phase comprises from 1% to 10% by weight of the total antiperspirant composition.
  • the antiperspirant phase of the composition can be any solid, shearable material which can deliver an astringent antiperspirant active.
  • the antiperspirant phase contains from 2% to 15% by weight of the antiperspirant phase of a high melting point wax, from 20% to 50% by weight of the antiperspirant phase of a water-insoluble, liquid, organic emollient and from 15% to 60% by weight of the antiperspirant phase of particulate astringent antiperspirant material on an anhydrous basis.
  • the high melting point wax utilized in the antiperspirant phase has a melting point from 65.5 °C to 102°C.
  • the gel phase of the compositions contains from 10% to 92% by weight of gel phase of a polyhydric alcohol and from 5% to 15% by weight of gel phase of a gel forming agent.
  • the polyhydric alcohol used in the gel phase can be a polyhydric aliphatic alcohol having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms and 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups.
  • the gel forming agent can be either a sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid having from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the barrier phase of the compositions herein has a thickness of at least about 0.127 mm.
  • This barrier phase comprises from 10% to 40% by weight of the barrier phase of a water-insoluble, alcohol-insoluble, high melting point wax and from 20% to 90% of a liquid organic emollient.
  • the barrier phase contains no more than 0.01 % of particulate materials having a particle size of greater than one micron and should not lower the gel pH below about 9.5.
  • Preferred embodiments of the compositions herein provide the antiperspirant phase in the form of a core, the barrier phase in the form of a tubular sleeve interjacent, and with the gel phase surrounding the sleeve forming a shell.
  • Preferred embodiments also include three-phase sticks wherein the gel phase contains a mono-hydric alcohol component to provide a skin cooling sensation and a deodorant material to provide deodorant efficacy.
  • One essential component of the antiperspirant sticks herein is a solid, shearable phase.
  • This phase provides the vehicle for the antiperspirant-active ingredient.
  • Such an antiperspirant phase generally serves to deliver antiperspirant material(s) to the skin via a medium which does not feel runny, cold, or sticky.
  • the antiperspirant phase component of the stick compositions herein comprises from 35% to 65%, preferably from 45% to 55%, by weight of the total composition.
  • the antiperspirant phase is solid (i.e., able to retain a rigid form at 20°C) and is shearable (i.e., yields easily when rubbed onto the skin in the normal manner of usage of cosmetic sticks).
  • the antiperspirant phase is substantially anhydrous, (i.e., comprises no more than about 1.0% by weight of the antiperspirant phase of water in addition to water of hydration in the antiperspirant salt), provides the antiperspirant active in an especially effective undissolved particulate form, and comprises a water-insoluble wax, a liquid organic emollient and particulate antiperspirant-active material.
  • a high melting point, water-insoluble wax is the principal component of the antiperspirant phase in a preferred embodiment of the stick compositions herein. It is believed that the high melting point wax provides a structure which can be sheared during application to the skin, thereby depositing layers of wax and antiperspirant active particles onto the skin.
  • the antiperspirant phase herein contains from 2% to 15%, preferably from 3% to 11%, by weight of antiperspirant phase of the water-insoluble wax materials. Maintenance of wax concentrations within these limits permits the realization of acceptable stick cosmetic characteristics. Furthermore, exposure to normal temperature extremes, especially during summer, might deform sticks without high melting point wax concentrations within the limits indicated.
  • the waxes employed as an essential component of the preferred antiperspirant phase of the sticks herein are essentially water-insoluble (soluble to an extent of less than 0.5% by weight in water at 26.5°C). Such waxes have a melting point within the range of from 65.5°C to 102°C, preferably within the range of from 76.5°C to 99°C. Such waxes are referred to as high melting point waxes. Examples of suitable high melting point waxes are beeswax, carnauba, bayberry, candelilla, monta, ozokerite, ceresin, paraffin, synthetic waxes such as Fisher-Tropsch waxes, and microcrystalline wax. Preferred high melting point waxes are ceresin, ozokerite, white beeswax and synthetic waxes. Mixtures of such high melting point waxes are also useful.
  • a second essential component of the preferred antiperspirant phase is a liquid organic emollient.
  • This emollient component serves to improve the cosmetic acceptability of the compositions herein by helping to impart a soft, supple character to the skin treated with the instant stick compositions.
  • the emollients used herein can be any non-toxic, organic material or mixtures thereof which is of low irritation potential, which is liquid at 20°C and which is substantially water-insoluble (i.e. water solubility of from 0.5% to 1.0% by weight in water at 20°C).
  • the liquid emollients of this invention are water-dispersible in the presence of a surfactant, e.g., soap, which is desirable in that it permits the removal of the composition during washing or bathing.
  • the emollient component comprises from 20% to 50%°, preferably from 30% to 40%, by weight of the antiperspirant phase.
  • Suitable organic emollients include fatty acid and fatty alcohol esters and water insoluble ethers.
  • emollients include isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, cetyl acetate, cetyl propionate, di-n-butyl phthalate, diethyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, ethyl carbomethyl phthalate, and the condensation product of about 14 moles of propylene oxide with one mole of butyl alcohol (Fluid AP- Trade Mark).
  • Preferred organic liquid emollients include isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and Fluid A pe.
  • Especially preferred organic emollients include isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate and Fluid A pe .
  • Suitable emollients for use herein also include both volatile and non-volatile polyorganosiloxane materials, especially polydimethylsiloxanes having a viscosity of from 9 to 50 cs. at 25°C.
  • suitable organopolysiloxanes include DC-556 fluid, which is tris (trimethylsiloxy) phenylsilane and DC-225 fluid, a polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of 9.5 cs at 25°C, both marketed by Dow Corning Corporation.
  • Preferred polysiloxane emollients include SWS-03314 marketed by Stauffer Chemical company and UC-7158 or UC-7207 each marketed by Union Carbide Corporation.
  • Emollients including the liquid emollients suitable for use herein are described more fully in Balsam and Sagarin, Cosmetics Science and Technology, 2nd Ed., Vol. 1, Wiley-Interscience, 1972, Chapter 2, pp. 27-104 and in U.S. Patent 4,045,548, August 30,1977 to Luedders et al.
  • a third essential component of the preferred antiperspirant phase of the present compositions comprises a particulate astringent antiperspirant material.
  • Such antiperspirant active material imparts antiperspirancy efficacy to the antiperspirant stick compositions of the present invention.
  • any aluminum astringent antiperspirant salt or aluminium and/or zirconium astringent complex in particulate form can be employed herein.
  • Such salts and complexes are well known in the antiperspirant art.
  • Useful as astringent antiperspirant salts or as components of astringent complexes include aluminum halides, aluminum hydroxyhalides, zirconyl oxyhalides, zirconyl hydroxyhalides and mixtures of these salt materials.
  • Zirconium compounds which are useful in the present invention include both the zirconium oxy salts and zirconium hydroxy salts, also referred to as the zirconyl salts and zirconyl hydroxy salts. These compounds may be represented by the formula wherein z may vary from 0.9 to 2 and need not be an integer, n is the valence of B, 2-nz is greater than or equal to 0, and B may be selected from the group consisting of halides, nitrate, sulfamate, sulfate and mixtures thereof. Although only zirconium compounds are exemplified in this specification, it will be understood that other group iV(b) metals, including hafnium could be used in the present invention.
  • the above formula is greatly simplified and is intended to represent and include compounds having coordinated and/or bound water in various quantities, as well as polymers, mixtures and complexes of the above.
  • the zirconium hydroxy salts actually represent a range of compounds having various amounts of the hydroxyl group, varying from 1.1 to only slightly greater than 0 groups per molecule.
  • antiperspirant complexes utilizing the above antiperspirant salts are known in the art.
  • Luedders et al U.S. Patent 3,792,068, issued February 12, 1974 discloses complexes of aluminum, zirconium and amino acids such as glycine.
  • Complexes such as those disclosed in this Luedders et al '068 patent and other similar complexes are commonly known as ZAG.
  • ZAG complexes are chemically analyzable for the presence of aluminum, zirconium and chlorine.
  • ZAG complexes useful herein are identified by the specification of both the molar ratio of aluminum to zirconium (hereinafter «AI:Zr» ratio) and the molar ratio of total metal to chlorine (hereinafter «MetaI:Cl» ratio).
  • ZAG complexes useful herein have an AI:Zr ratio of from 1.67 to 12.5 and a Metal:Cl ratio of from 0.73 to 1.93.
  • Preferred ZAG complexes are formed by
  • the preferred aluminum compound for preparation of such ZAG type complexes is aluminum chlorhydroxide of the empirical formula Al 2 (OH) 5 CL2H 2 0.
  • the preferred zirconium compounds for preparation of such ZAG-type complexes are zirconyl hydroxychloride having the empirical formula ZrO(OH)CI.3H 2 0 and the zirconyl hydroxyhalides of the empirical formula Zr0(OH) 2-a CI a .nH 2 0 wherein a is from 1.5 to 1.87 and n is from 1 to 7.
  • the preferred amino acid for preparing such ZAG-type complexes is glycine of the formula CH 2 (NH 2 )COOH. (Salts of such amino acids can also be employed in such antiperspirant complexes. See U.S. Patent 4,017,599 to A.M. Rubino).
  • Patent 3,970,748, issued July 20,1976 discloses an aluminum chlor- hydroxy glycinate complex of the approximate general formula [Al 2 (OH) 4 CI][CH 2 .NH 2 .COOH].
  • preferred compounds include the 5/6 basic aluminum salts of the empirical formula Al 2 (OH) 5 CL.2H 2 0; mixtures of AIC1 3 .6H 2 0 and AI 2 (OH) 5 CL.2H 2 0 with aluminum chloride to aluminum hydroxychloride weight ratios of up to about 0.5; ZAG type complexes wherein the zirconium salt is ZrO(OH)CI.3H 2 0; the aluminum salt is Al 2 (OH) 5 CL.2H 2 0; and the amino acid is glycine and ZAG-type complexes wherein the zirconium salt is Zr0(OH) 2-a CIa.nH 2 0 with a ranging from 1.5 to 1.87 and n ranging from 1 to 7; the
  • the preferred embodiment of the antiperspirant phase of the present stick compositions contains from 11% to 50%, preferably from 30% to 46%, by weight of the antiperspirant phase of the particulate astringent antiperspirant material calculated on an anhydrous metal salt (exclusive of glycine, glycine salts or other complexing agents).
  • Such particulate antiperspirant material is preferably impalpable, i.e. has particle sizes ranging from 1 to 100 microns, more preferably from 1 to 50 microns.
  • the antiperspirant active material herein is preferably alcohol insoluble.
  • the antiperspirant phase of the instant stick compositions can contain a variety of optional ingredients suitable for improving composition efficacy, stability, cosmetics and/or aesthetics.
  • optional antiperspirant phase components include low melting point waxes to adjust stick cosmetics, inert filler material to improve composition stability and cosmetics, perfumes, dyes, coloring agents, preservatives and the like.
  • a highly preferred optional component of the preferred antiperspirant phase is an additional wax material having a melting point of from about 37.8°C up to 65.5°C.
  • Such optional waxes are referred to herein as low melting point waxes.
  • the low melting point wax component can be used as an adjunct to the high melting point wax to provide improved emolliency and to enhance the structural integrity of the waxy antiperspirant phase.
  • the low melting point wax can also be used to adjust the feel of the stick compositions herein.
  • One skilled in the art will easily be able to make a product which feels more brittle, soft, slippery, sticky, rough, etc., by blending various suitable low melting point waxes with the essentially present high melting point waxes.
  • Examples of useful low melting point waxes include fatty acids containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, fatty alcohols containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, silicone waxes and glycerol monostearate. Especially preferred materials of this type are the C12tO C 20 fatty acids and C12tO C 20 fatty alcohols.
  • the most preferred low melting point waxes are cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol and glycerol monostearate.
  • the low melting point wax or wax mixture component generally comprises from 2% to 20%, more preferably from 5% to 15%, by weight of the antiperspirant phase.
  • Another preferred optional component for possible use in the antiperspirant phase of the stick compositions herein is an inert filler material.
  • Such filler materials also serve to enhance the structural integrity of the antiperspirant phase herein and serve to improve composition cosmetics.
  • Useful inert particulate filler materials include talc; colloidal silica, e.g., Cab-O-Sil (Trade Mark - Cabot Corp.), a pyrogenic silica having an average particulate diameter between 0.01 and 0.3 microns as disclosed in British patent 987,301 and British Patent 1,167,173, and finely divided hydrophobic clays such as the rection product of a clay such as bentonite and dimethyldistearyl ammonium chloride, such treated clays being marketed under the tradename «BENTONE» (Trade Mark) by NL Industries. Such clay materials are described more fully in British Patent 1,167,173.
  • colloidal silica e.g., Cab-O-Sil (Trade Mark - Cabot Corp.
  • a pyrogenic silica having an average particulate diameter between 0.01 and 0.3 microns as disclosed in British patent 987,301 and British Patent 1,167,173, and finely divided hydrophobic clays such as the rection
  • the inert particulate filler material generally comprises from 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the waxy antiperspirant phase of the present stick compositions.
  • the antiperspirant phase herein can also contain minor amounts i.e., from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight of antiperspirant phase, of conventional additives such as dyes, perfumes, pigments, coloring agents, etc. In selecting such ingredients only small amounts of hydrophilic materials shall be used in addition to the active material. Preferably, less than about 5% of the antiperspirant phase, in addition to the antiperspirant materials, is soluble in water.
  • the second essential component of the antiperspirant sticks of this invention is a gel phase formed from certrain polyhydric aliphatic alcohols and certain gel-forming agents.
  • This gel phase comprises from 3% to 65%, preferably from 45% to 55%, by weight of the total antiperspirant stick compositions herein.
  • the primary purpose of the gel phase of the sticks herein is to improve the glidability and ease of application of the instant stick compositions onto the skin.
  • the gel phase herein can also act as a carrier for deodorant materials and for materials such as monohydric alcohols which impart a desirable cooling, moist sensation to the skin upon application.
  • One essential component of the gel phase of the present antiperspirant stick compositions is a polyhydric aliphatic alcohol containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms and 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups.
  • This polyhydric alcohol or mixtures thereof is the medium which is "gelled” to form the gel phase of the stick compositions herein.
  • the polyhydric aliphatic alcohol component of the gel phase comprises from 10% to 92%, preferably from 15% to 50%, by weight of the gel phase.
  • Suitable polyhydric alcohols for use in the gel phase herein include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, and glycerine.
  • the most preferred polyol is propylene glycol.
  • the second essential component of the gel phase of the antiperspirant stick compositions herein is a gel forming agent which is added to the polyhydric aliphatic alcohol of the gel phase to form the desired gel material.
  • the gel forming agents used herein are the sodium and potassium salts (i.e. soaps) of fatty acids containing from about 14 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Gel forming agents generally comprise from 5% to 15% by weight of the gel phase herein, preferably from 7% to 10% by weight of the gel phase. If the gel forming agent concentrations lower than those specified are employed, the gels formed tend to be dimensionally unstable and tend to deform at summertime temperatures. If concentrations of gel forming agents above those specified are utilized, the gels formed tend to be too hard and do not exhibit desirable glide and application characteristics. By utilizing gel-forming agents of the particular type described and in the concentrations specified, gel phases can be formulated which exhibit structural integrity and which exhibit cosmetically desirable application properties.
  • the fatty acid portion of the soap gel forming agents should be essentially pure saturated or unsaturated higher fatty acids having a C 14 to C 18 backbone. Suitable mixtures of such acids can be employed provided that such mixtures are free from significant proportions of other fatty acids of higher or lower chain length which substantially adversely affect or neutralize the desired gel forming effects.
  • fatty acids useful in synthesizing the gel forming agents herein include myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, behenic, margaric acids and the mixtures of such acids.
  • Naturally occurring sources of such fatty acids include coconut oil, beef tallow, lanolin, fish oil, beeswax, palm oil, peanut oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, rosin acids, and greases.
  • Conventional fractionation and/or hydrolysis techniques can be employed if necessary to obtain the requisite types of fatty acids from such materials.
  • Preferred fatty acid soap type gel forming agents include sodium stearate, sodium palmitate, potassium stearate, potassium palmitate and sodium myristate.
  • the most preferred gel forming agent is sodium stearate.
  • the gel phase of the instant stick compositions can contain a variety of optional ingredients suitable for improving composition efficacy, stability, cosmetics and/or aesthetics.
  • optional gel phase components include monohydric alcohols to improve composition cosmetics, water in small amounts, deodorant materials, alcohol evaporation retardants, and anti-syneresis agents, perfumes, dyes, pigments, and coloring agents.
  • a highly preferred optional component of the gel phase is a monohydric alcohol which serves to impart a cosmetically desirable cooling sensation to the skin.
  • Monohydric alcohols of this type contain one to three carbon atoms. Examples of suitable monohydric alcohols include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol. Preferred monohydric alcohols are ethanol and isopropanol.
  • monohydric alcohols can provide a desirable cosmetic cooling benefit for the antiperspirant stick compositions herein, inclusion of a monohydric alcohol component can also lead to stick composition instability problems.
  • Monohydric alcohols tend to produce dimensional instability of the gel phase and tend to cause the gel phase to evaporate and thereby become sticky as well as to deteriorate and assume a dried and shriveled appearance.
  • monohydric alcohols can be successfully incorporated into the gel phase of the stick compositions herein provided certain concentrations limits for the essential gel phase components are observed.
  • the weight ratio of polyhydric alcohol to gel forming agent must exceed about 2.45.
  • monohydric alcohols can be incorporated into the gel phase in amounts of from 10% to72%, preferably from 40% to 70%, by weight of the gel phase.
  • another highly preferred optional component of the gel phase is a material which helps retard alcohol evaporation and which acts as an anti-syneresis agent.
  • Especially preferred materials of this type are cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyalkylcelluloses and carboxyalkylcelluloses.
  • Especially preferred materials of this type are hydroxypropylcellulose compounds having a molecular weight in the range from 60,000 to 1,000,000. Such materials are sold under the name of Klucel (Trade Mark) by Hercules Incorporated. If present, such alcohol evaporation retarding agents and anti-syneresis agents comprise from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight of the gel phase.
  • Suitable deodorants include bacteriostatic quaternary ammonium compounds such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyl pyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride, diisobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, N-alkylpyridinium chloride, N-cetyl pyridinium bromide, sodium N-lauroyl sarcosine, sodium N-palmitoyl sarcosine, lauroyl sarcosine, N-hyris- toyl glycine, potassium N-lauroyl sarcosine and stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
  • bacteriostatic quaternary ammonium compounds such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyl pyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride, diisobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethy
  • deodorants generally comprise from 0.1 % to 1.0% by weight of the gel phase.
  • Water can be added to the gel phase.
  • the amount of water added should, however, be limited to less than about 10%.
  • Water can be used as a solvent for an optional dry material or for an optional deodorant material. Water in the gel phase at concentrations exceeding 10% tends to produce a gel phase which is undesirably soft.
  • the third essential component of the antiperspirant sticks of this invention is the barrier phase.
  • the barrier phase serves to segregate the gel phase from the antiperspirant phase and thereby effectively eliminates the problem of destructive interfacial interaction.
  • the barrier phase comprises from 1% to 10%, preferably 2% to 4% by weight of the total antiperspirant stick compositions herein.
  • the barrier phase should have a minimum thickness of at least about 0.127 mm.
  • the barrier phase ranges in thickness from 0.25 mm to 1.02 mm.
  • a thin wax/emollient barrier in the region interjacent to the gel phase and the antiperspirant phase effectively prevents this interfacial interaction.
  • a wax/emollient barrier must be substantially free (i.e. present to an extent of less than 0.01% by weight of the barrier phase) of particulate material (i.e. discrete solid material having a particle size of greater than about one micron). It is speculated that by providing a region of waxy material which is free of the diffusion pathways provided by particulate materials, the migration of the alcohol into the antiperspirant phase is effectively prevented. Effectively isolated by the interjacent, alcohol-impermeable barrier phase, the gel phase and antiperspirant phase of the three-phase sticks exhibit negligible destructive interfacial interaction.
  • the barrier phase of the compositions herein should also be free of materials capable of lowering the pH of the gel phase substantially.
  • the barrier should not contain materials which lower the gel pH in the area of the gel/barrier interface below about 9.5 (pH's below this value tend to deleteriously affect the integrity of the gel phase).
  • Gel pH can be determined at any time/temperature. Determination of deleterious gel defects as a result of acidic material in the barrier can best be determined after the product has been stored for one week at 49°C.
  • the barrier phase embodiments of the present invention provide the further advantage of having shear rates roughly comparable to both the gel and the antiperspirant phases herein.
  • the barrier phase when applied to the skin wears away at approximately the same rate as the gel phase and the antiperspirant phase. Undesirable phase protrusion that would occur were one phase worn away more slowly is thereby avoided.
  • the barrier phases of the present invention provide the additional cosmetic advantage of being visually unnoticeable. The skilled artisan can easily formulate barrier phases and antperspirant phases which have no readily apparent boundary.
  • barrier phases are alcohol-insoluble waxes and liquid organic emollients.
  • An essential component of the barrier phase of the present antiperspirant stick compositions is a high melting point, water-insoluble wax or wax mixture which is insoluble in the polyhydric alcohol or mixtures thereof which are present in the gel phase (i.e. alcohol solubility of less than 1% at 26.5°C).
  • waxes are a subgroup of those waxes suitable as the principal component of the preferred antiperspirant phase of the stick compositions herein.
  • waxes are non-polar compounds such as hydrocarbon waxes.
  • Suitable waxes have a melting point within the range of from 65.5° to 102°C, preferably within the range of from 76.5 °C to 99°C. Examples of suitable waxes are ozokerite, paraffin, and ceresin.
  • the barrier phase herein contains from 10% to 40%, preferably from 20% to 40%, by weight of the barrier phase of the alcohol-insoluble wax.
  • barrier phases containing higher levels of the alcohol-insoluble wax will have less desirable cosmetic characteristics.
  • the skilled artisan may then wish to adjust the maximum thickness of barrier phases having higher wax concentrations so as to alleviate the perception of toughness.
  • a second essential component of the barrier phase is a liquid organic emolient.
  • This liquid emollient component serves to improve the cosmetic acceptability of the barrier phase herein in the same manner as the emollient component of the antiperspirant phase.
  • the emollients suitable for use in the barrier phase herein are the same as are used in the antiperspirant phase as described above.
  • the emollient component comprises from 20% to 90% by weight of the barrier phase.
  • the barrier phase of the instant stick compositions can contain a variety of optional ingredients suitable for improving composition stability, cosmetics or aesthetics so long as the barrier phase is relatively free of discrete particulate material and does not contain undesirable acidic materials.
  • optional barrier phase components include low melting point waxes to adjust stick cosmetics, perfumes, dyes, preservatives and the like.
  • a highly preferred optional component of the barrier phase is an additional low- melting wax material or mixtures thereof having a melting point of from 37.8°C up to 65.5°C.
  • Such optional waxes are referred to herein as low melting point waxes.
  • the low melting point wax component can be used as an adjunct to the high melting point wax to provide improved emolliency and to enhance the structural integrity of the barrier phase.
  • the low melting point wax can be used to adjust the feel of the stick compositions herein.
  • One skilled in the art will easily be able to make a product which feels more brittle, soft, slippery, sticky, rough, etc., by blending various suitable low melting point waxes with the essentially present high melting point waxes.
  • Examples of useful low melting point waxes include fatty acids containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, fatty alcohols containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, silicone waxes and glycerol monostearate. Especially preferred materials of this type are the C 12 to C 20 fatty acids and the C 12 to C 20 fatty alcohols.
  • the most preferred low melting point waxes are cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol and glycerol monostearate.
  • the low melting point wax component generally comprises from about 5% to 50%, and preferably from 10% to 30% by weight of the barrier phase.
  • the barrier phase herein can also contain conventional additives such as dyes, perfumes, preservatives, deodorants, etc. If present, such materials should constitute a minor portion of the barrier phase, i.e., from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight of the barrier phase.
  • the antiperspirant, gel and barrier phases of the present stick compositions are prepared separately.
  • the preferred waxy antiperspirant phase of the present compositions is generally prepared by heating the solid wax and liquid emollient in a suitable container while gently stirring. When the wax or waxes are melted and mixed thoroughly with the emollient, the antiperspirant-active ingredient is mixed and dispersed in the melt. The optional ingredients can then be added or the melt can be cooled to a temperature above the solidification point before adding additional ingredients.
  • the barrier phase of the present composition is generally prepared in the same manner as the antiperspirant phase except that no particulate antiperspirant-active ingredient is added. Case should be taken in preparing the preferred antiperspirant phases herein and the barrier phase to avoid use of any materials or procedures which might introduce free moisture into the composition above the substantially anhydrous level.
  • the gel phase of the present composition can be prepared by admixing the essential and optional gel phase components together in such a manner as to produce a thickened, stable gel.
  • the polyhydric aliphatic alcohol and the monohydric alcohol are mixed together in a reflux vessel with moderate agitation.
  • the gel-forming agents can be added under continuing refluxing and agitation until the gel-form-, ing agent fully dissolves.
  • Optional ingredients such as dyes, deodorants and perfumes can then be added. Refluxing and moderate agitation is continued until boiling reoccurs if there has been an appreciable temperature drop due to the addition of the optional materials.
  • the molten mixture can then be placed in a mold device such that the mixture is allowed to gel into a dimensionally stable mass of the desired geometric configuration.
  • the waxy antiperspirant, gel and barrier phases of the compositions herein can be joined or combined by any suitable means or in any suitable device so that a single antiperspirant stick is formed.
  • the waxy antiperspirant and gel phases should be separated and isolated from each other by the interjacent barrier phase. The orientation of the phases should be such that all three phases are exposed in a single application surface.
  • the waxy antiperspirant phase is formed as a core 12 of any suitable shape
  • the barrier phase is formed as a sleeve 16 surrounding the waxy antiperspirant phase or core 12
  • the gel phase is formed as a shell 14 surrounding the barrier phase or sleeve 16.
  • the antiperspirant core 12, the barrier phase sleeve 16, and the gel phase shell 14 are in the form of concentric cylinders.
  • the molten antiperspirant phase mixture is poured into a cylindrical mold and allowed to set. After reaching room temperature (24°C) the antiperspirant phase core is removed from the mold. Thereafter, the core is dipped momentarily into the molten barrier phase mixture. Upon withdrawal from molten barrier phase mixture, the barrier coated core piece is again allowed to reach room temperature. The piece is then centered into another mold whose inner diameter is the desired stick diameter. The molten gel phase which can contain colorants is then added to the annular space and allowed to cool. Upon cooling, the three-phase sticks of the present invention are removed from the mold.
  • the prepared antiperspirant stick 10 is carried by a moveable, inner piston 20 to define a stick/piston piece 19.
  • the piston 20 is housed within the hollow cylinder 18.
  • the tolerance between the stick/piston piece 19 and the interior wall 21 of the cylinder 18 is such that the stick/ piston piece 19 can be manually pressed upward by exerting force on the piston's anterior face 22 to expose the distal end portion of antiperspirant stick 10 for use.
  • a generally rectangular stick can comprise antiperspirant phases 12', gel phases 14', and barrier phases 16'.
  • multiple concentric phases can be utilized, if desired.
  • a generally circular stick can comprise antiperspirant phases 12", gel phases 14", and barrier phases 16".
  • the three-phase antiperspirant sticks of the present invention are illustrated by the following examples:
  • a three-phase antiperspirant stick of the following composition is prepared.
  • the stick is prepared by first forming the antiperspirant core by charging a steel vessel with the ozokerite wax, cetyl alcohol, and isopropyl myristate and heating to approximately 93°C with the moderate agitation until these components are well intermixed.
  • the cab-o-sil is stirred into the mixture and is dispersed therein.
  • the aluminum chlorhydroxide powder is likewise stirred into the mixture and is dispersed therein.
  • This mixture is then allowed to cool to just above the solidification temperature at which point the perfume is stirred into the mixture.
  • the molten mixture is finally poured into the cylindrical mold; is allowed to solidify by cooling to room temperature; and thereafter is removed from the mold to form the antiperspirant cores of the present invention.
  • the barrier phase components of ozokerite wax, stearyl alcohol and Fluid AP O of the specified proportions are charged to a second steel vessel and are heated with moderate agitation until well intermixed.
  • the antiperspirant cores prepared as described above are dipped for about one second into the molten barrier phase mixture and then are withdrawn.
  • the antiperspirant core/barrier sleeve pieces are then allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the gel phase components are charged into a third steel vessel equipped with a reflux condenser with the ethanol and the propylene glycol, and then are heated with moderate agitation until the mixture begins to boil and reflux. Thereafter, sodium stearate is added. The heating and agitation is continued until the sodium stearate is completely dissolved. Next, the optional components comprising water, the FD&C Blue # 1, and the perfume are added while maintaining the agitation and refluxing.
  • the molten gel material is then poured into the annular space of a suitable cylindrical mold into which had been centered the previously prepared antiperspirant core/barrier phase piece. The molten gel is allowed to solidify to form the shell of the three-phase stick of the present invention.
  • the stick so produced is an effective antiperspirant composition in the form of a three-phase stick.
  • the stick exhibits minimal syneresis and interfacial interaction and provides cosmetically desirable application characteristics when applied to the skin.
  • Sticks of substantially similar physical/cosmetic character and antiperspirant effectiveness are realized when in the Example I stick the isopropyl palmitate of the antiperspirant core is replaced with an equivalent amount of isopropyl myristate, cetyl acetate, cetyl propionate, di-n-butyl phthalate, diethyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, ethyl carbomethyl phthalate, Fluid AP O (Butyl alcohol condensed with about 14 moles of propylene oxide) or DCC-225 Fluid (dimethyl siloxane polymer of viscosity 9.5 cs. at 25 °C marketed by Dow Corning Corp.).
  • compositions of substantially similar physical/ cosmetic character and antiperspirant effectiveness are realized when in the Example I stick the sodium stearate of the gel phase shell is replaced with an equivalent amount of sodium palmitate, sodium myristate, potassium palmitate or potassium stearate.
  • a three-phase antiperspirant stick of the following compositon is prepared: Such a stick is prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example I.
  • the stick so produced is an effective antiperspirant composition in the form of a three-phase stick.
  • the composition exhibits minimal interfacial interaction and glides easily onto the skin during application.
  • Stick compositions of substantially similar physical/cosmetic character and antiperspirant effectiveness are realized when in the Example II stick composition the ceresin wax of the antiperspirant core is replaced with an equivalent amount of ozokerite, white beeswax or carnauba wax.
  • compositions of substantially similar physical/ cosmetic character and antiperspirant effectiveness are realized when in the Example II composition the propylene glycol of the gel phase is replaced with an equal amount of glycerine, ethylene glycol, or trimethylene glycol.
  • compositions of substantially similar stability are realized when in the barrier phase of the Example 11 composition the paraffin is replaced with an equal amount of ceresin or ozokerite.
  • a three-phase antiperspirant stick of the following composition is prepared:
  • Such a stick is prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example I.
  • the stick so produced is an effective antiperspirant/deodorant composition in the form of a three-phase stick.
  • the composition exhibits minimal interfacial interaction and provides a cooling sensation when applied to the skin.
  • Stick compositions of substantially similar physical/cosmetic character and antiperspirant/ deodorant effectiveness are realized when, in the Example III composition, the stearyl alcohol of the antiperspirant core is replaced with an equivalent amount of cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol or glycerol monostearate.
  • a particulate antiperspirant active material selected from the group consisting of ZAG complexes wherein the zirconium compound is Zr0(OH) 2-a CI a
  • Stick compositions of substantially similar physical/cosmetic character and antiperspirant/ deodorant effectiveness are realized when in the Example III stick compositions the ethanol of the gel phase is replaced by an equivalent amount of methanol, isopropanol, or n-propanol.
  • a barrier phase of specified composition which is free of particulate material and has a specified minimum thickness is essential to the realization of antiperspirant sticks which are not subject to degradation by interfacial interaction.
  • the importance of such essential elements of the barrier phase can be demonstrated by formulating stick compositions with barrier phases containing various types of waxes and by formulating stick compositions with barrier phases containing various particulate materials such as talc, particulate active, and kaolin, and then observing such compositions after a one week storage at 49°C.
  • Those compositions subject to interfacial interaction can be identified by the presence of a liquid runoff present in the bottom of the container holding the three-phase sticks and/or plasticization of the antiperspirant core phase. Further visual evidence of interfacial interaction is the shrinking of both the gel and the antiperspirant phases.
  • compositions are selected for such interfacial interaction evaluation at 49°C for one week.
  • the compositions tested are those described in Table I.
  • compositions A through F exhibit interfacial interaction while compositions G through J do not exhibit such degradation:
  • Compositions G-J represent compositions of the present invention inasmuch as these compositions contain a barrier phase of the requisite composition, minimum thickness and which is relatively free of particulate materials.
  • Compositions A-F either do not contain a barrier phase or have a barrier phase either containing a high melting point wax which is soluble in the gelling solution or containing significant amounts of particulate materials.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
EP78200100A 1977-07-18 1978-07-17 Antiperspirant applicators Expired EP0000604B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US81707577A 1977-07-18 1977-07-18
US817075 1977-07-18
US88307578A 1978-03-03 1978-03-03
US883075 1992-05-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000604A1 EP0000604A1 (en) 1979-02-07
EP0000604B1 true EP0000604B1 (en) 1981-01-28

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ID=27124136

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EP78200100A Expired EP0000604B1 (en) 1977-07-18 1978-07-17 Antiperspirant applicators

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EP (1) EP0000604B1 (es)
JP (1) JPS5464646A (es)
BR (1) BR7804600A (es)
CA (1) CA1111771A (es)
DE (1) DE2860368D1 (es)
IT (1) IT1106611B (es)
MX (1) MX149665A (es)
PH (1) PH14601A (es)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3069666D1 (en) * 1979-08-15 1985-01-03 Procter & Gamble Cosmetic gel stick composition
US4393643A (en) * 1981-09-29 1983-07-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for forming a barrier phase
ZA843232B (en) * 1983-05-03 1984-12-24 Bristol Myers Co Antiperspirant stick with low staining potential
GB8630724D0 (en) * 1986-12-23 1987-02-04 Unilever Plc Cosmetic product
GB9604341D0 (en) * 1996-02-29 1996-05-01 Unilever Plc Antiperspirant composition
CZ421398A3 (cs) * 1996-06-20 1999-07-14 Unilever N. V. Kosmetický prostředek
US5840286A (en) * 1996-12-20 1998-11-24 Procter & Gamble Company Methods of making low residue antiperspirant gel-solid stick compositions
DE19921183A1 (de) * 1999-05-07 2000-11-09 Henkel Kgaa Mehrphasen-Antitranspirant-Stift
US20050163736A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2005-07-28 Heng Cai Dual phase stick
EP2174691A1 (en) * 2008-10-10 2010-04-14 Coty Deutschland GmbH Cosmetic core stick with a water based hard core part

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2970083A (en) * 1958-03-06 1961-01-31 Chesebrough Ponds Two phase deodorant-antiperspirant stick
US3472940A (en) * 1965-03-25 1969-10-14 Patterson Co C Stable gelled alcohol compositions containing sodium acyl lactylates
US3471611A (en) * 1967-07-17 1969-10-07 Del Lab Compressed cosmetic powder article with fragile protective film adhered on exposed surface thereof
CA1026680A (en) * 1973-06-26 1978-02-21 Walter H. Elsnau Antiperspirant stick
GB1552417A (en) * 1975-08-15 1979-09-12 Lingner & Fischer Gmbh Gel or waxy articles
US4120948A (en) * 1976-11-29 1978-10-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Two phase antiperspirant compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7804600A (pt) 1979-04-10
EP0000604A1 (en) 1979-02-07
JPS5464646A (en) 1979-05-24
IT1106611B (it) 1985-11-11
PH14601A (en) 1981-10-02
DE2860368D1 (en) 1981-03-19
MX149665A (es) 1983-12-09
CA1111771A (en) 1981-11-03
IT7850327A0 (it) 1978-07-17

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