EP0000450A1 - Fotografische Reproduktionseinrichtungen für durchsichtige Dokumente, insbesondere von der Art eines fotografischen Vergrösserungsgerätes - Google Patents

Fotografische Reproduktionseinrichtungen für durchsichtige Dokumente, insbesondere von der Art eines fotografischen Vergrösserungsgerätes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000450A1
EP0000450A1 EP78400010A EP78400010A EP0000450A1 EP 0000450 A1 EP0000450 A1 EP 0000450A1 EP 78400010 A EP78400010 A EP 78400010A EP 78400010 A EP78400010 A EP 78400010A EP 0000450 A1 EP0000450 A1 EP 0000450A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
source
screen
plane
pupil
constituted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP78400010A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0000450B1 (de
Inventor
Huguette Nelly Vulmiere
Jacques Claude Vulmiere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bpifrance Financement SA
Original Assignee
Agence National de Valorisation de la Recherche ANVAR
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Publication of EP0000450A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000450A1/de
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Publication of EP0000450B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000450B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/32—Projection printing apparatus, e.g. enlarger, copying camera
    • G03B27/52—Details
    • G03B27/54—Lamp housings; Illuminating means
    • G03B27/545—Lamp housings; Illuminating means for enlargers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to photographic reproduction apparatus for transparent documents in black or in color such as enlargers for amateur, professional photography and more particularly apparatus providing halftone or continuous background photographs for printing in four colors.
  • the optical principle of these devices is that of a photographic enlarger.
  • the optical elements include a light source, a parabolic mirror condenser and interchangeable lenses of various focal lengths.
  • the object plane is fixed and the image plane is mobile, or the object plane is mobile and the image plane is fixed.
  • the object plane is fixed and the image plane is mobile, or the object plane is mobile and the image plane is fixed.
  • the image plane In the case of the fixed object plane, the image plane is moved, the object plane being at breast height.
  • the documents and masks are on a fixed work surface at eye level, which facilitates handling.
  • the field angle is generally less than 60 °.
  • the documents are sometimes not very accessible, which makes handling the masks difficult.
  • Apparatuses providing printing plates for printing also include an auxiliary exposure source intended to flatten the contrasts in the film to be impressed.
  • This auxiliary system can be constituted by a device scanning the image plane before the shooting by means of a tubular source or by an annular source or a crown of optical fibers placed around the objective.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an apparatus making it possible to increase the maximum formats which can be used, for example reaching a format of 20 x 25 cm for the original and 50 x 65 cm for reproduction, and offering the possibility of photometrically any point in the image plane when the main and auxiliary sources are turned on simultaneously.
  • the aim is also to obtain uniform illumination in the reproduction plane.
  • this one must be large in size to cover the maximum formats imposed, to correct aberrations, in particular spherical and chromatic, in order to obtain rigorously in the plane of the pupil of the objectives an excellent image of the source.
  • this must produce a uniform illumination taking into account the factor cos 4 ⁇ whatever the location of the reproduction plane, and allow the plane to be photometric when it irradiates it. simultaneously with the main source.
  • the subject of the invention is a photographic reproduction apparatus for transparent documents in black or in colors of the type comprising a main light source, whether or not colored, a condenser, interchangeable objectives, object and image planes. movable relative to each other, and a light source auxiliary exposure, characterized in that the condenser consists of two thin stepped lenses working for their focus.
  • the main source is a planar source developed in the plane of the pupil of the objective and is constituted by a light source, a disk with plane-parallel or plane-concave faces, for example glass or silica, one or both sides of which can be frosted and against which various diaphragms can be placed, then color filters and glasses for correcting chromatic aberration of the stepped lenses.
  • the apparatus comprises an auxiliary exposure source constituted by an annular fluorescent source with adjustable luminance without change of its color temperature, housed in a housing, in the bottom of which is arranged an illuminated element by said annular fluorescent source, a lens formed by a meniscus forming the image of the element illuminated in the mean reproduction plane, a tubular screen coaxial with the meniscus interposed between the annular source and said element and a trunk of cone reflecting internally for remove the cat eye effect at the exit pupil of the objective.
  • an auxiliary exposure source constituted by an annular fluorescent source with adjustable luminance without change of its color temperature, housed in a housing, in the bottom of which is arranged an illuminated element by said annular fluorescent source, a lens formed by a meniscus forming the image of the element illuminated in the mean reproduction plane, a tubular screen coaxial with the meniscus interposed between the annular source and said element and a trunk of cone reflecting internally for remove the cat eye effect at the exit pupil of the objective.
  • the auxiliary exposure source consists of an annular fluorescent source with adjustable luminance without changing its color temperature, housed in a housing in the bottom of which is disposed an element illuminated by said fluorescent source annular, a lens formed by a meniscus forming the image of a corrective screen placed against and before a field lens whose focal point coincides with the image of the front pupil of the meniscus, this front pupil being constituted by the small base of a trunk of cone reflecting internally.
  • the illuminated element is either a white diffusing, flat or spherical screen, the position of which can be adjusted along the axis of the annular fluorescent source, or a transparent opaline screen at the rear of which is disposed a white opaque screen with radial gradient comprising its center an opening for the installation of a photoelectric cell for controlling the intensity of the annular fluorescent source.
  • the auxiliary source further comprises in the plane of the pupil before a variable aperture diaphragm followed by colored screens.
  • the image of a source is formed in the pupil of a projection objective by means of a condenser.
  • the distance between the original and the condenser is small and constant.
  • the condenser is generally composed of two plano-convex lenses with spherical or aspherical faces. In some projection systems such as “overhead projectors”, these lenses are replaced by thin lenses, molded in steps (type “FRESNEL ') The performance of these devices is however insufficient for the production of photographic images.
  • the adjustment of the image of the source in the pupil of the objective is carried out by displacement of the source along the axis of the system with or without change of condenser, the latter being constantly placed against the original.
  • This corrective screen 1 must be calculated for a given distance from the pupil 2 of a given objective. It modifies the aberrations (spherical aberrations, chromatism, astigmatism, distortion) and provides stray light. In addition, it must be carried out with great precision. In fact, it is obtained by vacuum deposition, so as not to diffuse, and must be deposited on a plane-parallel blade of "optical" quality and protected by an identical blade, given the fragility of the deposits of very low absorption.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the variations in illumination (without taking into account the attenuation in cos4 ") in the case of a planar source of uniform and non-uniform luminance respectively, the source being developed in the plane of the pupil 4.
  • the circles and ovals in Figures 3 to 6 show schematically the appearance of the pupil seen from the center or the edge of the field.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the case of a source developed outside the plane of the pupil with respectively a uniform luminance source and a non-uniform luminance source.
  • FIG. 6 it is a source of non-uniform luminance and the illumination is also non-uniform.
  • This screen must be unique, if possible, whatever the objectives and magnifications required, and must work in normal incidence for all points of the field.
  • FIG. 7 represents the optical diagram of an apparatus according to the invention, capable of satisfying the requirements recalled above.
  • This apparatus consists of a light source 10, a frosted glass 11 on its flat outer face for a source of luminance more uniform than the source it ⁇ same, and of a diaphragm 12 in contact with the frosted.
  • This diaphragm 12 is constituted by a rotary disc around an axis 13 parallel to the optical axis 14 of the system.
  • two holes 15 and 16 have been shown in the diaphragm 12.
  • the hole 16 is in the axis 14 of the system and has a diameter substantially greater than that of the hole 15.
  • the diaphragm 12 is interposed between the frosted glass 11 and a glass 17 intended to stop the infrared.
  • the condenser of the device consists of two thin lenses with steps 20 and 21 working for their focus and infinity and between which is disposed a corrector screen cos 4 ⁇ 22, working perpendicular to its surface. These lenses are preferably used at magnification 1 and are then identical in order to limit the risks of moire.
  • the condenser forms the image of the source in the plane of the objective pupils 23 of various focal lengths.
  • the hole 15 of the diaphragm 12 has a diameter less than the pupils of the objectives 23 and corresponds to directed lighting, while the hole 16, which is of larger diameter, corresponds to diffuse lighting.
  • the arrows 26 indicate the directions of movement of the document 24 according to the format.
  • the cos 4 ⁇ 22 corrector screen can be formed in different ways. It can be formed by depositing thin absorbent layers, by depositing a more or less intensely absorbent gelatin layer depending on whether one is more or less close to the center of the screen, or by a non-photographic film. screened or screened with a random frame, exposed and then developed. The optical quality of this screen is of little importance since it is placed before the lens and the original.
  • this screen 22 using absorbent layers
  • this screen since this screen is arranged between the two lenses 20 and 21 in the parallel beam, the deposition of the layers and the calibration of the screen in transmission are much easier to calculate and measure as in the case of the screen in FIG. 2.
  • the deposition can be carried out on a slide without "optical" quality.
  • Figures 8 and 9 illustrate the possibilities of correcting the focusing of the apparatus according to the invention according to the different formats.
  • the source-pupil conjugation of the objective is carried out during manufacture and the displacement of the source-condenser-objective assembly in the case of the fixed document holder can be carried out manually or automatically.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 schematically represent two systems for correcting the chromatism of the thin lenses 20 and 21. These corrections are essential in the case of lighting with directed light, but are not necessarily so in the case of lighting with light diffuse.
  • this chromaticism correction system is constituted by a colored screen 40 embedded between two thick plane-parallel glasses 41, disposed behind the diaphragm 12, the over-correction of the glasses 41 compensating for the chromatic under-correction lenses 20 and 21.
  • the focus is made directly on the diaphragm 12 (red O with the screen 18).
  • the development is carried out on the image 0 'of the diaphragm through the corrector assembly 40-41.
  • the correction system consists of a plane-parallel glass 42 of suitable dispersion and thickness, a colored screen 18 which can be placed in front of the corrective glass 42.
  • the latter is responsible for correct the under-correction of lenses 20 and 21.
  • the planes 43 and 44 are the red and blue images of the diaphragm 12 through the corrective glass 42 and correspond to the focal points of the lenses 20 and 21.
  • Figure 12 shows in section an embodiment of a main source according to the invention.
  • This source is a standard pulsed XENON spiral source 50.
  • the source 50 is surrounded by a trunk of cone reflecting internally 51, while in the axis of the turns of the source is disposed a cone reflecting externally 52.
  • the device is completed by a frosted divergent lens 53 and a diaphragm 54.
  • the purpose of the divergent lens 53 is to decrease the apparent thickness of the spiral source 50 and to bring its image closer to the frosted surface in order to simulate as much as possible a planar source, while the truncated cone 51 and the cone 52 are intended to '' increase the luminance and uniformity of the frosted surface of the lens 53.
  • FIGS 13 and 14 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the main source.
  • a pulsed XENON source 50 ′ is used which is spiraled according to another arrangement. Indeed, the spiral is flattened, the turns being elongated parallel to each other and arranged in a staggered fashion in a cross section ( Figure 14).
  • the system is completed by a mirror 55 to section trough-shaped, with a frosted glass 56 and a diaphragm 57.
  • This embodiment provides greater uniformity, greater brightness frosted glass as well as t-cooling look easier.
  • Figure 15 illustrates another embodiment of the main source.
  • a standard pulsed XENON spiral source 80 disposed behind the frosted glass 81.
  • a concave spherical mirror 82 reflecting internally so as to obtain a system of revolution, that is to say that the axis XX 'formed by the spiral constituting the XENON source is coincident with the axis of the optical system and the radius of curvature of the spherical mirror is such that the center C of said mirror is located on the aforementioned axis substantially inside said spiral.
  • This area can be reduced by using the assembly shown in fig. 16.
  • a spherical mirror 82 of center C and a frosted glass 81 As for the assembly of FIG. 15 of a spiral pulsed XENON source 80, a spherical mirror 82 of center C and a frosted glass 81. But, in this case, the mirror 82 is slightly off-center, which laterally shifts the image of the source but removes the symmetry of revolution. To restore this symmetry, the mirror 82 is rotated around the axis XX 'of the XENON tube as indicated by the arrow using a motor 83 or any similar device. This gives better uniformity of illumination of the frosted glass 81. Such a construction is more difficult to perform mechanically. In addition, the illumination obtained is not of revolution at a given time.
  • the main source assembly of fig. 17 avoids such a rotation of the spherical mirror.
  • the movable off-center spherical mirror of FIG. 16 by a fixed concave toroidal mirror 84 reflecting internally so as to obtain a system of revolution.
  • the centers CI and C 2 respectively of the torus parts 85 and 86 have been chosen slightly off-center with respect to the axis XX 'of the standard spiral XENON tube 87 and are located in such a way that the images provided by the various regions of the mirror are reform slightly enlarged on either side of the plane of the frosted glass 81 and of the axis XX '.
  • This main source assembly can further improve this main source assembly with toroidal mirror by providing a second mirror M, spherical and concave, reflecting internally.
  • the center C 3 of this second mirror is on the axis XX 'of the XENON tube.
  • This mirror M is placed opposite the toric mirror 84 and surrounds the source 87.
  • This spherical mirror M has two other advantages: on the one hand, it facilitates the circulation of air around the spiral tube, therefore its cooling, and, on the other hand, it intercepts beams which, without said mirror, would provide stray light around the device.
  • FIG. 18 shows the location of an auxiliary source 60 in the apparatus according to the invention with a view to uniformly illuminating the reproduction plane 61.
  • Figure 19 shows in section an embodiment of this auxiliary source.
  • It comprises a housing 62 in which is enclosed an annular fluorescent source 63 held in place by centering joints 64 and 65.
  • a white screen diffusing 66 plane or spherical In the bottom of the housing 62 is removably mounted a white screen diffusing 66 plane or spherical.
  • the screen 66 is integral with a plug 67 screwed into the housing 62, which. adjusts the distance between the screen 66 and the annular fluorescent source 63, the screen 66 being arranged in the axis of this source.
  • a lens constituted by a meniscus 69 In the housing, opposite the screen 66, disposed, in a barrel 68 screwed into the housing 62, a lens constituted by a meniscus 69.
  • a tubular screen 70 adjustable along the axis of the optical system so as to modify the distribution of the illuminations on the diffusing plane.
  • a reflecting truncated cone 71 intended to suppress the cat's eye effect at the exit pupil of the meniscus 69.
  • the tubular screen 70 ( Figure 19) which changes the light distribution in the plane of the diffusing screen 66, can be replaced by a field lens 72 and a corrective screen 73 cos 4 ⁇ .
  • the focal point of the field lens 72 is conjugated with the image of the front pupil (small base of the truncated cone 71) of the meniscus 69.
  • the corrective screen 73 is placed in a parallel beam against the field lens 72 between it ci and the broadcasting screen.
  • the diffusing screen 66 is conveniently located by relative to the annular source 63 so that its illumination is uniform.
  • the front pupil of the objective can be completed by an adjustable diaphragm 74 and by a disc 75 carrying colored glasses 76-77.
  • the white diffusing screen 66 can be replaced by a transparent, translucent or opaline disc 90 (Fig. 21) made of synthetic glass, such as a polymethyl methacrylate, for example that placed on the market under the name "Altuglas" by the Altulor Company (France).
  • a white opaque screen 91 carrying the reproduction of a radial gradient intended to modify the distribution of the luminance of the disc 90.
  • This screen 91 is obtained by photography or by any other suitable process.
  • a photoelectric cell 93 placed behind an opening 92 formed in the center of this degraded screen. This cell is used to control and control the intensity of the light tube 63.
  • all the other elements of the auxiliary source assembly of FIG. 21 are identical to those of FIG. 20.
  • the latter device can be provided in the embodiment of FIG. 19.
  • the apparatus which is the subject of the present invention makes it possible to obtain a certain number of advantages from the practical point of view. It allows in particular to reduce the exposure times up to 10 times compared to the devices of the prior art. It also makes it possible to obtain very good reproductions with sources 4 to 5 times less powerful than those of the known art, for example with sources of 5 KW. It should be added, as already mentioned above, that we can, thanks to the device according to the invention, increase the maximum usable formats to reach for example a format of 20 x 25 cm for the original and 50 x 65 cm for reproduction.
  • the apparatus according to the invention finds an application in the industrial field: to carry out a reproduction, only the main source is compulsory (fig. 7), but, to make photo-etching, it is essential to provide in addition a auxiliary source (figs. 18 to 21).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Light Sources And Details Of Projection-Printing Devices (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)
EP78400010A 1977-06-03 1978-06-01 Fotografische Reproduktionseinrichtungen für durchsichtige Dokumente, insbesondere von der Art eines fotografischen Vergrösserungsgerätes Expired EP0000450B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7716947 1977-06-03
FR7716947A FR2393338A1 (fr) 1977-06-03 1977-06-03 Perfectionnements aux appareils de reproduction photographique de documents transparents

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000450A1 true EP0000450A1 (de) 1979-01-24
EP0000450B1 EP0000450B1 (de) 1981-03-25

Family

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EP78400010A Expired EP0000450B1 (de) 1977-06-03 1978-06-01 Fotografische Reproduktionseinrichtungen für durchsichtige Dokumente, insbesondere von der Art eines fotografischen Vergrösserungsgerätes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4229097A (de)
EP (1) EP0000450B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5417724A (de)
DE (1) DE2860556D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2393338A1 (de)
IT (1) IT1095283B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0033185A2 (de) * 1980-01-07 1981-08-05 Xerox Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kompensation von Beleuchtungsfehlern in einem optischen System
EP0586771A1 (de) * 1992-09-09 1994-03-16 Gretag Imaging Ag Beleuchtungssystem für fotografische Kopiergeräte
EP2042521A1 (de) 2006-03-29 2009-04-01 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Verfahren zur Herstellung von wasserabsorbierendem Polyacrylsäure (Salz)-Harz

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4298274A (en) * 1980-01-07 1981-11-03 Rees James D Variable density filter for a multi-magnification copying device
US4298275A (en) * 1980-01-07 1981-11-03 Xerox Corporation Radially varying transmission filter for wide angle copying device
US4445774A (en) * 1982-04-30 1984-05-01 Xerox Corporation Document imaging system with improved exposure uniformity at image plane
US5014086A (en) * 1989-03-31 1991-05-07 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Adjustable dot gain simulation for color proofing
US5461456A (en) * 1992-11-24 1995-10-24 General Signal Corporation Spatial uniformity varier for microlithographic illuminator
DE10046353A1 (de) * 2000-09-19 2002-04-11 Agfa Gevaert Ag Beleuchtungseinrichtung zum Beleuchten einer transparenten Bildvorlage
DE102004059951A1 (de) * 2004-08-17 2006-02-23 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung von Dokumenten

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1021016A (fr) * 1950-06-27 1953-02-13 Agrandisseur à correction de contraste
US3397612A (en) * 1964-07-16 1968-08-20 Multiblitzgerate Dr Ing D A Ma Device for photographic exposure, preferably for enlargers
US3834813A (en) * 1970-10-15 1974-09-10 Haggar Co Diazo printing system
US3922085A (en) * 1974-08-22 1975-11-25 Tamarack Scient Co Inc Illuminator for microphotography

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH597618A5 (de) * 1975-12-02 1978-04-14 Zelacolor Syst

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1021016A (fr) * 1950-06-27 1953-02-13 Agrandisseur à correction de contraste
US3397612A (en) * 1964-07-16 1968-08-20 Multiblitzgerate Dr Ing D A Ma Device for photographic exposure, preferably for enlargers
US3834813A (en) * 1970-10-15 1974-09-10 Haggar Co Diazo printing system
US3922085A (en) * 1974-08-22 1975-11-25 Tamarack Scient Co Inc Illuminator for microphotography

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0033185A2 (de) * 1980-01-07 1981-08-05 Xerox Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kompensation von Beleuchtungsfehlern in einem optischen System
EP0033185A3 (en) * 1980-01-07 1982-01-20 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for compensating for illumination defects in an optical system
EP0586771A1 (de) * 1992-09-09 1994-03-16 Gretag Imaging Ag Beleuchtungssystem für fotografische Kopiergeräte
US5369466A (en) * 1992-09-09 1994-11-29 Gretag Imaging Ag Exposure system for photographic copying machines
EP2042521A1 (de) 2006-03-29 2009-04-01 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Verfahren zur Herstellung von wasserabsorbierendem Polyacrylsäure (Salz)-Harz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2393338A1 (fr) 1978-12-29
IT7824086A0 (it) 1978-05-31
JPS5417724A (en) 1979-02-09
US4229097A (en) 1980-10-21
EP0000450B1 (de) 1981-03-25
DE2860556D1 (en) 1981-04-16
IT1095283B (it) 1985-08-10
FR2393338B1 (de) 1980-05-23

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