EP0000409B1 - Process for magnetically transferring a powder image - Google Patents

Process for magnetically transferring a powder image Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000409B1
EP0000409B1 EP78200070A EP78200070A EP0000409B1 EP 0000409 B1 EP0000409 B1 EP 0000409B1 EP 78200070 A EP78200070 A EP 78200070A EP 78200070 A EP78200070 A EP 78200070A EP 0000409 B1 EP0000409 B1 EP 0000409B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
support
image
powder image
magnetizable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78200070A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0000409A1 (en
Inventor
Mathias Jacobus Johannus Maria Vola
Willem Tjark Draai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Production Printing Holding BV
Canon Production Printing Netherlands BV
Original Assignee
Oce Nederland BV
Oce Van der Grinten NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oce Nederland BV, Oce Van der Grinten NV filed Critical Oce Nederland BV
Publication of EP0000409A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000409A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000409B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000409B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G19/00—Processes using magnetic patterns; Apparatus therefor, i.e. magnetography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
    • G03G15/1605—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for magnetically transferring a powder image formed with the aid of a magnetically attractable powder.
  • a latent electrostatic image is foemed in a photoconductive material and this image is developed with a developing powder, after which the powder image obtained is transferred to a receiving material, mostly consisting of a plain paper, on which it is fixed. After the transfer of the powder image the photoconductive material is cleaned and used for a next copying run.
  • the transfer of the powder image to the receiving material is mostly effected under influence of an electric field, which is generated between the photoconductive material and the receiving material.
  • This electric transfer has the disadvantage, that blurred images occur, because powder particles are dispersed as a result of electric discharges which continuously take place in the transfer zone.
  • a further objection of the electric transfer is, that with regard to the transfer efficiency and the quality of the transferred image the results obtained with it are dependent on the atmospheric conditions and the electric properties of the developing powder and the receiving material.
  • a process for the formation of a latent magnetic image which process starts from a powder image formed electrophotographically with the aid of magnetically attractable developing powder on a photoconductive material.
  • a uniform layer of permanently magnetizable material which layer has been magnetized according to a fine linear pattern, is brought into contact with the image- carrying surface of the photoconductive material and the magnetized layer is demagnetized in those portions which are not in contact with the powder image with the aid of a magnetic erasing head which is installed behind the photoconductive material.
  • a part of the magnetically attractable developing powder is transferred to this magnetic image.
  • British Patent Specification 1 169 510 describes a magnetic duplicating process in which a latent magnetic image is formed on a magnetizable drum, the latent image is developed with magnetizable developing powder and the powder image is transferred magnetically onto a receiving paper and is fixed thereon by heating.
  • the paper is fed over a permanently magnetized roller or endless belt which is arranged in close proximity to the image bearing drum.
  • the permanently magnetized roller or endless belt may consist of a material having a magnetic surface coating which is provided with a continuous mosaic of stronger magnetic strips or dots or may consist of iron which is deformed in a pattern of raised points.
  • US-specification 3 781 903 describes an image recording process in which high-quality magnetic images are formed in a magnetizable layer by using alternating magnetic fields having a predetermined wavelength that is correlated to the depth of the magnetization and to the diameter of magnetic developing particles employed for the development of the latent images. How the developed images, without loss of image-quality, can be transferred to a final receiving support is not indicated in this specification.
  • the object of the invention is to provide for an improved process for the magnetic transfer of a powder image which has been formed with the aid of a magnetically attractable powder, in which process the powder image is transferred under influence of a magnetic field to a first receiving support and from this receiving support is transferred direct or indirect to the final receiving support.
  • the process is characterized in that the transfer of the powder image to the first receiving support comprises contacting the powder image with said support which comprises on it external contact surface zones of a first material which are separated from each other by a second material, of which either the first material or the second material is magnetizable and the other material is not magnetizable, and magnetically attracting said powder image onto the magnetizable material of said support.
  • magnetizable material means a ferro- or ferri-magnetic material or a material which contains such ferro or ferri-magnetic material in finely dispersed condition.
  • the process according to the invention differs from the magnetic transfer methods known up to now, in that a high transfer efficiency is achieved and in that sharp images are obtained, without necessity to fix the powder image in some way or other on the receiving support simultaneously with the magnetic transfer. In this way the objections of the processes, as described in above-mentioned U.S. patent specifications 3 093 039 and 3 106 479 and British specification 1 169 510, are prevented in the process according to the invention.
  • the powder image is first transferred magnetically to a first receiving support which comprises zones of a first material, which are separated from each other by a second material, whilst either the first material or the second material is magnetizable and the other material is not magnetizable.
  • the form of the zones consisting of the first material can be chosen arbitrarily, but for practical reasons an almost square or round form is preferred.
  • the zones of the first material should be small, while also the inter-distance between these zones should be small.
  • the greatest diameter of the zones built up of the first material, as well as the inter-distance between these zones lies between the diameter of the smallest developing powder particles to be transferred and 5 times the diameter of the largest powder particles to be transferred.
  • the greatest diameter of the zones of the first material, as well as the greatest inter-distance between these zones amounts to one to two times the diameter of the largest developing powder particles.
  • the greatest diameter of the zones of the first material, as well as the greatest inter-distance between these zones will consequently amount to 5 to 250 micrometres, and preferably to about 50 to 100 micrometres.
  • the zones of the first material should have been dispersed very uniformly over the surface of the first receiving support. Preferably about 30 to 70% of the surface of the first receiving support is covered by these zones.
  • the magnetizable material on the first receiving support may be any of the known, permanently or non-permanently magnetizable materials.
  • magnetizable materials are: iron, cobalt, nickel; ferrites; alloys of Co and Ni, of Cu, Ni and Fe, of Cu, Ni and Co; chromium dioxide; y-ferricoxide and further the materials mentioned in the Dutch patent application 6806473.
  • the magnetizable material may be present in the magnetizable regions on the first receiving support in the form of a continuous layer or as dispersion in a filmforming binding agent.
  • the non-magnetizable material may for instance consist of a metal such as copper or aluminium, of glass or of a plastic, in which non-magnetizable substances, such as fillers or antistatic agents, may be present.
  • First receiving supports with a smooth and relatively hard surface are preferred, because by their greater mechanical strength such receiving supports have a longer duration of life than receiving supports with a more or less rough and/or soft surface.
  • First receiving supports with a smooth, metallic surface, with which consequently both the first and the second material consist of metal or a metal-alloy, are therefore preferably applied in the process according to the invention.
  • the first receiving support for application in the process according to the invention can be manufactured in various ways.
  • a very suitable manufacturing method is the photomechanical method.
  • a layer which consists of magnetizable or non-magnetizable material, and which has been applied on a non-magnetizable support, is provided with a layer of lacquer, which layer can be crosslinked by light, and this layer of lacquer is exposed under a suitable screen pattern, for instance a crossline-screen or autotype-screen, as frequently applied in the graphic arts, after which the unexposed parts of the layer of lacquer are removed.
  • the uncovered parts of the underlayer are then removed by treatment with a suitable solvent or an etching liquid and subsequently a layer of non-magnetizable respectively magnetizable material is applied on these places. Finally also the exposed parts of the layer of lacquer are removed and the surface of the receiving support thus obtained is preferably made smooth by a suitable treatment, for instance by polishing.
  • non-magnetizable support which has been provided with a non-magnetizable layer
  • a self-supporting non-magnetizable material for instance a copper or aluminium plate, belt or cylinder, or a glass plate or cylinder.
  • the light-sensitive layer of lacquer which is applied over the magnetizable or non-magnetizable layer may for instance be a layer of a photopolymer, such as described in the U.S. patent specifications 2 732 301, 3357831 and 3 506 440, the British patent specifications 1 065 665 and 1 128 850, French patent specification 1 528 490 and the Dutch patent applications 6702407 and 6703214.
  • the application of the non-magnetizable respectively the magnetizable material on the places where the underlayer has been removed may take place according to a commonly known method.
  • metal material When metal material is taken, it can for instance be applied via the galvanical way, via the catalytical-chemical way or by vapour- coating.
  • a non-metallic material for instance plastic or plastic in which magnetizable material has been finely dispersed, can be applied by applying a solution or dispersion of the plastic, in which the magnetizable material, if necessary, has been finely dispersed, and by drying the layer at raised temperature and by hardening it, if necessary.
  • a suitable first receiving support for application in the process according to the invention can be obtained by pressing a relief in a surface of a plastic film, or a plastic layer which has been applied on a suitable non-magnetizable support, if so desired after the surface of the plastic film or the plastic layer has been softened with a suitable swelling agent, and by subsequently filling up to the deepened parts of the relief with a magnetizable material, for instance a fine dispersion of magnetizable pigment in a filmforming binding agent.
  • the first receiving support by coating a non-magnetizable support with a solution of a filmforming binding agent, in which solution granulated magnetizable particles with a particle size between 5 and 250 micrometres and possibly non-magnetizable pigment particles have been dispersed, in such a way that a layer is formed which contains separate magnetizable particles which have been separated from each other by non-magnetizable material (binding agent and possibly non-magnetizable pigment).
  • the magnetic transfer of the magnetically attractable powder image takes place by magnetizing the magnetizable material on the first receiving support and by then bringing the receiving support, which has been magnetized locally in this way, into contact with the powder image.
  • the magnetizing of the magnetizable material on the first receiving support can take place in a simple way by conveying the receiving support through a homogenous magnetic field of sufficient strength.
  • the magnetizable zones should have a remanence of at least 2 kA/m.
  • a magnetic auxiliary field can still be generated in the transfer zone, for instance by installing in the transfer zone a magnet behind the first receiving support or by installing two unlike magnet pcles opposite to each other behind the first receiving support and the support which carries the powder image to be transferred.
  • First receiving supports of which the magnetizable material is not permanently magnetizable can be used for the transfer of powder images which have been formed with the aid of a permanently magnetizable developing powder.
  • the transfer of such powder images to the first receiving support is executed by magnetizing the powder images and by subsequently bringing them into contact with the first receiving support, or by bringing the first receiving support into contact with the powder image and by simultaneously generating a magnetic field in the contact zone which magnetic field is strong enough for magnetizing the developing powder.
  • the magnetic powder is kept adhering to the magnetizable material of the first receiving support by influence.
  • the image transferred to the first receiving support is subsequently transferred in a known way direct or indirect to the final receiving support, which will mostly consist of plain paper.
  • the direct transfer of the powder image to the final receiving support can for instance be effected in the way as described in the Dutch patent application 7209652 already mentioned, in which the final receiving support is pressed against the powder image and the image transferred as a result of the pressure-execution is subsequently fixed in a suitable way, for instance by heating, on the final receiving support.
  • the indirect transfer of the powder image to the final receiving support can for instance be executed in the way as described in British patent specification 1 245 426, in which the powder image is transferred under influence of pressure on a resilient medium and subsequently is transferred under influence of pressure and heat from the resilient medium to the final receiving support and is fixed at the same time.
  • the process according to the invention is especially attractive for application in so-called indirect electrophotographic copying systems in which for the development of the electrostatic image a magnetically attractable developing powder, electrically conductive or not-conductive, is used.
  • the reason of this is, that in comparison with known processes the process according to the invention has the great advantage, that a good transfer of the powder image is realized under conditions which are very favourable for the duration of life of the photoconductive medium which is usually very vulnerable.
  • no heat has to be supplied to the powder image to be transferred, so that thermal charge of the photoconductive medium is prevented, only a slight contact-pressure between photoconductive medium and first receiving support is necessary, so that also the mechanical charge of the photoconductive surface is limited to a minimum.
  • the process according to the invention differs from the process as described in British patent specification 1 245 426 in a favourable way.
  • the transfer efficiency can even be increased by exposing the photoconductive medium, before or during the transfer, in order to eliminate the electrostatic force of attraction acting on the developing powder particles.
  • the powder images to be transferred according to the process of the invention can be formed with the known magnetically attractable, electrically conductive or not-conductive developing powders. Suitable developing powders are for instance described in the German patent application 1 937 651, the Dutch patent application 7 203 523 and the U.S. patent specification 3 093 039.
  • a photoconductive belt, manufactured as described in the example of British patent specification 1 408 252 was provided in a known way, by successively electrostatically charging and imagewise exposing, with a latent charge image, and this charge image was developed according to the known magnetic brush method with a magnetically attractable, one-component developing powder, which had a particle size between 10 and 30 micrometres, and a specific resistance of 8 x 10 8 ohm. cm.
  • the developing powder was prepared according to the method as described in example 3 of the Dutch patent application 7 508 056.
  • the powder image thus formed on the photoconductive belt was transferred according to the process of the invention to a receiving paper, by conveying the photoconductive belt through a transfer device having the installation as schematically represented in that Figure.
  • the photoconductive belt 1, which carries the powder image 2 to be transferred is conveyed over a supporting roller 3 and with slight contact-pressure is brought into contact with an image receiving roller 4, of which the sleeve 5 comprises permanently magnetizable zones and non-magnetizable zones.
  • the supporting roller 3 and the sleeve 5 of the image receiving roller 4 are driven in the direction indicated by the arrows.
  • a stationary bar magnet 6 extending in axial direction is installed in such a way that its magnet fieid is only effective in the nip between the roller 3 and the sleeve 5.
  • the magnet field generated in the nip by the magnet has a strength of about 24 kA/m.
  • the magnet 6 effects a permanent magnetization of the magnetizable zones on the sleeve and further serves as auxiliary magnet for the transfer of the powder image to the magnetized zones.
  • a lamp 7 is installed just before the nip between the roller 3 and the sleeve 5, which lamp exposes away the charge image still present on the photoconductive belt.
  • the powder image transferred to the sleeve 5 is transferred in the nip between the sleeve 5 and the elastic pressure roller 8 under influence of pressure to a sheet of receiving paper 9 supplied from a stock pile. Finally the powder image is fixed on the receiving paper by heat.
  • the sleeve 5 comprising permanently magnetizable and non-magnetizable zones was manufactured as follows:
  • the transfer method described above resulted into sharp copies of very good quality, with which a resolving power of more than 5 pairs of lines per mm was reached.
  • the transfer efficiency with the transfer of the powder image to the first receiving support was equal to the efficiency which was achieved with the usual electrical transfer methods. Equally good results were obtained, when instead of a sleeve with permanently magnetizable Co-Ni zones a similar sleeve was used of which the magnetizable zones consisted of a fine dispersion of permanently magnetizable chromium dioxide particles in epoxy resin in the volume proportion 1:1.
  • thermoplastic particles which contained 40 % by weight of epoxy resin and 60 % by weight of permanently magnetizable p-ferricoxide and which carried a layer of electrically conductive carbon at their surface.
  • the specific resistance of the developing powder amounted to 3 x 10 8 ohm. cm while the particle size lied between 10 and 30 micrometres.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
EP78200070A 1977-07-07 1978-06-29 Process for magnetically transferring a powder image Expired EP0000409B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7707547 1977-07-07
NL7707547A NL7707547A (nl) 1977-07-07 1977-07-07 Werkwijze voor het magnetisch transfereren van een poederbeeld.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000409A1 EP0000409A1 (en) 1979-01-24
EP0000409B1 true EP0000409B1 (en) 1981-07-29

Family

ID=19828846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78200070A Expired EP0000409B1 (en) 1977-07-07 1978-06-29 Process for magnetically transferring a powder image

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4207101A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0000409B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5420734A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1101268A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2860879D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK286678A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2396994B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB2000729B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT7868601A0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7707547A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55147651A (en) * 1979-05-07 1980-11-17 Ricoh Co Ltd Electrophotographic apparatus
US4341455A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-07-27 Burroughs Corporation Conducting toner transfer apparatus
JPS5723983A (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-02-08 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Picture forming device
US4416968A (en) * 1981-08-24 1983-11-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. Preparation of a printing master by toning a photopolymer film with magnetic toner
JPS58114043A (ja) * 1981-12-28 1983-07-07 Ricoh Co Ltd カラ−記録方法
US4571059A (en) * 1983-10-17 1986-02-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Apparatus for transferring images of conductive toner powder
US4907032A (en) * 1987-07-31 1990-03-06 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Monocomponent developing device
DE68916562T2 (de) * 1988-03-10 1994-11-24 Canon Kk Bilderzeugungsverfahren.
US5394226A (en) * 1991-10-16 1995-02-28 International Business Machines Corporation Method for reducing high quality electrophotographic images
GB2609966A (en) 2021-08-19 2023-02-22 Landa Labs 2012 Ltd Improved compositions and methods for styling hair fibers
CA3225378A1 (en) 2022-04-26 2023-11-02 Si Jung Park Highly branched polylactide resin and method for preparing the same
CN117186730A (zh) 2022-05-30 2023-12-08 康宁股份有限公司 经涂覆的制品以及经涂覆的制品的制造方法

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3106479A (en) * 1952-12-03 1963-10-08 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing method and apparatus
NL202923A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1954-12-20
US3093039A (en) * 1958-05-12 1963-06-11 Xerox Corp Apparatus for transferring powder images and method therefor
GB1084285A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1963-02-15
GB1169510A (en) * 1968-06-21 1969-11-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd An Electrographic Printing Apparatus.
US3804511A (en) * 1970-07-29 1974-04-16 Pelorex Corp Method and apparatus utilizing magnetic storage for transferring graphical information
DE2054117A1 (de) * 1970-11-04 1972-05-10 Agfa Gevaert Ag Magnetisches Abbildungsverfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US3781903A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-12-25 Bell & Howell Co Magnetic imaging methods and media
JPS5063930A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-06-08 1975-05-30
JPS5023234A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-06-28 1975-03-12

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT7868601A0 (it) 1978-07-06
DE2860879D1 (en) 1981-10-29
NL7707547A (nl) 1979-01-09
JPS5420734A (en) 1979-02-16
CA1101268A (en) 1981-05-19
GB2000729A (en) 1979-01-17
FR2396994B1 (fr) 1985-07-05
GB2000729B (en) 1982-01-27
EP0000409A1 (en) 1979-01-24
JPS6321191B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-05-06
DK286678A (da) 1979-01-08
FR2396994A1 (fr) 1979-02-02
US4207101A (en) 1980-06-10

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