EP0000145B1 - Connecteur pour fibre optique et procédé de raccordement d'une fibre optique à un connecteur - Google Patents

Connecteur pour fibre optique et procédé de raccordement d'une fibre optique à un connecteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000145B1
EP0000145B1 EP78100157A EP78100157A EP0000145B1 EP 0000145 B1 EP0000145 B1 EP 0000145B1 EP 78100157 A EP78100157 A EP 78100157A EP 78100157 A EP78100157 A EP 78100157A EP 0000145 B1 EP0000145 B1 EP 0000145B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
segment
fibre
held
transmission
connector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78100157A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0000145A1 (fr
Inventor
André Tardy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Compagnie Generale dElectricite SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Compagnie Generale dElectricite SA filed Critical Compagnie Generale dElectricite SA
Publication of EP0000145A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000145A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000145B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000145B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
    • G02B6/2555—Alignment or adjustment devices for aligning prior to splicing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
    • G02B6/2551—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding using thermal methods, e.g. fusion welding by arc discharge, laser beam, plasma torch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
    • G02B6/3834—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule
    • G02B6/3841—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule using rods, balls for light guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
    • G02B6/3834—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule
    • G02B6/3843—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule with auxiliary facilities for movably aligning or adjusting the fibre within its ferrule, e.g. measuring position or eccentricity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
    • G02B6/3846—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture with fibre stubs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3873—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3887—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features
    • G02B6/3888—Protection from over-extension or over-compression
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
    • G02B6/3818—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres of a low-reflection-loss type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
    • G02B6/3851—Ferrules having keying or coding means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
    • G02B6/3854—Ferrules characterised by materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a connector for optical fiber and a method of connecting an optical fiber to a connector.
  • Such a fiber comprises for example a glass core with a diameter of 100 microns surrounded by an optical sheath of the same material and with a lower optical index, itself surrounded by an external sheath of mechanical protection, for example made of plastic.
  • the connector usually includes "holding means” to allow precise manipulation of one end of the optical fiber to be connected stripped of its outer sheath. Other means are used to guide the holding means so as to allow the held end to be placed in the precise position which ensures the desired optical connection, for example the connection to another optical fiber held in a connector of complementary type ( a male connector being complementary to a female connector). All of these holding and possibly guiding means constitute the connecting element of the connector, of which other elements will be described later.
  • the precision obtained as to the position of the fiber is all the better as its diameter is closer to that for which the holding means have been provided.
  • These means can for example consist of three steel rods of the same diameter tightened side by side with their axes passing through the three vertices of an equilateral triangle located in a plane perpendicular to these axes. These three rods delimit between them a holding channel for a glass fiber of a certain diameter which can be called "suitable diameter". If a fiber has a diameter greater than the suitable diameter, it cannot be introduced into the holding channel. If a fiber has a diameter smaller than the suitable diameter, it can move transversely in the holding channel, and a good optical connection cannot be practically obtained. If other types of holding means are used, it remains obvious that they will make it possible to obtain an optical connection all the better as the glass fiber to be connected will have a diameter closer to a "suitable diameter".
  • a connector also usually comprises means for blocking the outer sheath of the fiber to be connected. These means make it possible to immobilize the end of this sheath relative to the connector so that if the fiber is pulled outside the connector, the force is transmitted by this sheath to these blocking means and either thus transmitted to the entire connector via these means, and not via the fiberglass segment held in the connecting element. This segment would risk being displaced or broken if it had to transmit the force exerted on the fiber.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce a connector for optical fiber making it possible to obtain good optical connections despite the imprecision with which the diameter of the fiber to be connected can be known in advance.
  • a connection made between two optical fibers using two connectors according to the invention of complementary types has the obvious drawback that three causes of loss of light energy are added, namely a solder in the male connector, the crossing of an air gap between the opposite ends of the two segments held in the connecting elements of the two connectors, and a second weld in the female connector.
  • three causes of loss of light energy are added, namely a solder in the male connector, the crossing of an air gap between the opposite ends of the two segments held in the connecting elements of the two connectors, and a second weld in the female connector.
  • the losses of a connection according to the invention are then 8% for the two welds and 1% for the two air-glass interfaces at the front ends of the two segments maintained with anti-reflective coating. The total loss is 9%.
  • a connection made without the invention would cause, under the same conditions, a loss of approximately 8% for the two air-glass interfaces, without anti-reflective coatings, and a loss which may vary between 1% and 15% due to the almost inevitable misalignment of the two fibers and the random difference in their diameters.
  • the total loss would therefore vary randomly between 9% and almost 23%.
  • FIG. 1 represents a view in half-section through an axial plane of the intermediate assembly of a connector according to the invention
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 show views of the assembly shown in Figure 1 in section through planes perpendicular to the axis respectively II-II, III-III, IV-IV.
  • FIG. 5 represents a view in half section through an axial plane of the blocking element of the same connector.
  • FIG. 6 represents a view of this same connector in section through an axial plane.
  • FIG. 7 represents a perspective view of an apparatus allowing the methods according to the invention to be implemented.
  • FIG. 8 represents a detail of FIG. 7.
  • Figures 9 and 10 are respectively similar to Figures 1 and 2 and differ only in that they represent elements of a connector complementary to that of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the female type connector which will be described consists of a set of elements arranged coaxially around and along a common axis 4. It is along this axis that the fibers and fiber segments which must be connected follow one another. , so as to create an optical link allowing the transmission of a signal.
  • the fiber diameter is too small, for example 100 microns, to be able to be represented at its exact scale in the figures.
  • the elements of the connector can be made, for example, of brass, except some of them whose constituent material must obviously be different and will sometimes be indicated.
  • This connector comprises a connecting element 2 (see FIG. 1) having the general shape of a thick cylindrical tube. Inside this tube, an assembly consisting of a clamping tube 6 made of a thin spring steel which, by elastic deformation, fixes three guide rods 8, of diameter, has been fixed, for example by gluing. of 1.5 mm for example, between which three retaining rods 10 are clamped with a diameter of 0.82 mm for example, which delimit between them an axial retaining channel in which a segment of optical fiber 12 is maintained.
  • All these rods are parallel to axis 4. They are made of hard steel and machined with precision so as to give them an exactly cylindrical shape and a well determined diameter. They are coextensive along the axis 4 except that the guide rods 8 project towards the front of the connector, that is to say towards the left in FIGS. 1 to 6, relative to the retaining rods. Each retaining rod is in lateral contact with the other two. Each guide rod is in contact, except in its projecting part, with two holding rods. The front end of the maintained fiber segment is in the same plane perpendicular to the axis as the front ends of the three holding rods.
  • This front end received, before its introduction between the retaining rods 10, a double-layer anti-reflective coating consisting for example of a layer of titanium oxide Ti0 2 , and a layer of magnesium fluoride MgF z .
  • the projecting parts of the three guide rods form between them a guide channel into which a set of three other retaining rods 10 ′ can engage, forming part of a male type connector (see FIGS. 9 and 10).
  • Such a connector is analogous to the female connector described, except that it does not carry guide rods, the clamping tube 6 ′ analogous to tube 6 then having a smaller diameter so as to directly secure the clamping of the rods holding, the connecting element 2 'similar to the element 2 then having an inner diameter correspondingly reduced.
  • the connecting element 2 is provided at its front end with an external shoulder allowing the support of the front end of a compressed helical spring 13 (Figure 1) whose rear end rests on an internal shoulder of a front cover 14 which surrounds the connecting element 2 with radial clearance, and which is pushed back by this spring against a stop 16 fixed on the connecting element 2.
  • This arrangement allows this cover to move, elastically by relative to element 2, on the one hand forward over several millimeters, on the other hand radially.
  • the front cover 14 of the female connector and the connecting element 2' of the male connector each carry a thread 28 allowing the fixing by screwing of a rear cover such as 30 ( Figure 6) surrounding the parts of the connector located at the rear connecting elements leaving a certain radial clearance.
  • Each connecting element further comprises a rear extension such as 32 (FIGS. 1 and 3) allowing the fixing of an intermediate element such as 34.
  • the intermediate element 34 has the form of a tube pierced at its front end with two longitudinal parallel grooves 36 and 38 offset angularly by 90 ° around the common axis. Each of these grooves allows the passage of a screw ensuring the fixing of this element on the rear extension 32, with the possibility of longitudinal adjustment.
  • the intermediate element 34 has an internal thickening 40 allowing the housing of a socket 42 pierced with an axial bore in which is fixed a fiber holder 44 made of ceramic.
  • the maintained fiber segment 12 is fixed by its rear part 46 in this fiber holder, the rear end of this segment projecting towards the rear.
  • the rear end of the maintained segment is free.
  • the wall of the intermediate element 34 is pierced with four openings 50, 52, 54 and 56 offset by 90 °, and intended to allow a weld to be made on this end.
  • These openings have for example a length of 7 mm parallel to the axis 4 and each extend over an arc of 30 ° around the axis 4, the intermediate element having a diameter of 10 mm. They allow access to an axial "contact zone" in which the rear end of the maintained segment is located.
  • the intermediate element ends in a rear extension 58 intended to allow the fixing of a blocking element, and hollowed out on the axis to allow the passage of a transmission optical fiber.
  • the locking element 60 ( Figure 5) has a generally tubular shape. Its front end is pierced by two longitudinal parallel grooves 62 and 64 offset angularly by 90 ° around the common axis, and each allowing the passage of a screw for the adjustable fixing of this element on the rear extension 58 of the element intermediate. It internally comprises a clamp with four symmetrical jaws such as 66 which delimit an axial channel and which can move radially towards the axis under the action of a nut with longitudinal displacement which cooperates with the conical outer faces of the four jaws. It is thus possible to tighten on the axis of an optical fiber "transmission" 68 provided with an outer sheath of polyamide.
  • this fiber is stripped of its sheath and protrudes forward beyond the blocking element 60 so as to be able to join the rear end of the segment maintained 46 when this blocking element is attached to the extension 58.
  • the radial clearance between this cover and the intermediate elements 34 and blocking 60 allows, when connecting with a male connector, to ensure that the position of the connecting elements 2, intermediate 34 and blocking 60, is determined by means of the guide rods 8 and not by that of the front cover 14 .
  • the welding of the two fiber ends is carried out using an oxyhydric micro torch 70.
  • the diameter of the injector 72 (hollow metal needle) is 0.1 mm (or 0.2 mm).
  • the flame temperature makes it possible to obtain the softening temperature (of the order of 1700 °) of the silica.
  • the reduced dimensions of the flame allow welding in a reduced space. This characteristic is necessary in order to be able to perform the welding of the fibers inside the connector itself. Indeed, the welding operation leads to weakening of the fibers in the vicinity of the joint. This embrittlement prohibits any manipulation on the welded fiber. This is why the transmission fiber 68 is made integral with the blocking element 60, prior to the welding operation.
  • the shape of the injector facilitates the welding operation inside the connector.
  • An example of a welding tool is illustrated by the perspective views of the various devices that make it up ( Figures 7 and 8).
  • the connecting element is positioned on a fixed support 74 having a V-shaped alignment groove.
  • a presser 76 immobilizes the part.
  • the two lines of the reticle correspond to the axis of supply of the injector and to the theoretical axis of work of the micro-torch which is displaceable along its horizontal axis perpendicular to axis 4, thanks to a screw 80.
  • the working position of the micro torch is adjusted by means of a stop.
  • the working distance between the end of the injector and the axis of the fiber is 0.8 mm.
  • the focusing operation automatically brings the axis of the injector into the horizontal plane of the fiber.
  • the operator positions the blocking element 60 on a movable support 82 parallel to the axis 4 using a screw 83 after having previously introduced and blocked the transmission fiber in this element.
  • a manipulator 84 secured to the movable support 82 makes it possible to adjust the position of the end of the fiber along two axes orthogonal to each other and to the axis 4. It is controlled by two screws 86 and 88 cooperating with an elastically flexible rod 90, and ends with a V-shaped piece allowing the fiber 68 to be trapped. By observation with the viewfinder, the manipulator makes it possible to make the two fibers coaxial, the translation of the support 82 making it possible to exert pressure between the fibers.
  • Observation is facilitated by illumination of the contact area both in the direction of the viewfinder 78 and in the direction prependicular (not shown) to the latter, using two optical lighting fibers such as 92.
  • the operator observes two light lines, one linked to the refraction of light by the fiber, the other less intense and finer linked to the reflection of light from the direction normal to the viewfinder.
  • the alignment of the lines relating to the two fibers causes the alignment of the fibers in the two axes.
  • the alignment of the lines completes a first alignment resulting from the clear observation of the two fibers and from the direct observation of the offset in the plane normal to the viewfinder.
  • the operator fixes the locking element to the intermediate element to the connector 34 using the two screws arranged in the grooves 60 and 62.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
EP78100157A 1977-06-22 1978-06-15 Connecteur pour fibre optique et procédé de raccordement d'une fibre optique à un connecteur Expired EP0000145B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7719084 1977-06-22
FR7719084A FR2395518A1 (fr) 1977-06-22 1977-06-22 Connecteur pour fibre optique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000145A1 EP0000145A1 (fr) 1979-01-10
EP0000145B1 true EP0000145B1 (fr) 1980-09-03

Family

ID=9192398

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78100157A Expired EP0000145B1 (fr) 1977-06-22 1978-06-15 Connecteur pour fibre optique et procédé de raccordement d'une fibre optique à un connecteur

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4220394A (cs)
EP (1) EP0000145B1 (cs)
JP (1) JPS5410753A (cs)
CA (1) CA1111688A (cs)
DE (1) DE2860127D1 (cs)
DK (1) DK144927C (cs)
FR (1) FR2395518A1 (cs)
IE (1) IE47277B1 (cs)
IT (1) IT1097114B (cs)

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DE7830817U1 (de) * 1977-11-14 1979-03-08 Thomas & Betts Corp., Elizabeth, N.J. (V.St.A.) Vorrichtung zum zusammensetzen von laenglichen gegenstaenden
FR2469726A1 (fr) * 1979-11-14 1981-05-22 Thomson Csf Dispositif d'aboutement de deux fibres optiques
US4598974A (en) * 1985-08-15 1986-07-08 International Business Machines Corporation Optical fiber connector having integral electrodes for use in fusion splicing
JPS62161382A (ja) * 1986-01-13 1987-07-17 森　敬 光照射治療布
GB8820662D0 (en) * 1988-09-01 1988-10-05 British Telecomm Optical fibre splice
US4877303A (en) * 1988-09-22 1989-10-31 Northern Telecom Limited Fiber optic connector element & method for its use
CA2116934C (en) * 1994-03-03 2000-08-01 Murray R. Harman Method for controlling the contact of optical fibers
US5481640A (en) * 1994-06-27 1996-01-02 Fiberlign Division Of Preformed Line Products (Canada) Ltd. Tool for fusing optical fibers
US5717813A (en) * 1994-06-27 1998-02-10 Fiberlign A Division Of Preformed Line Products (Canada) Ltd. Fusion splice element for use in splicing optical fibers
US5740301A (en) * 1994-06-27 1998-04-14 Fiberlign Division Of Preformed Line Products Ltd. Fusion splicing block with electrodes disposed on planar surface
JP2836033B2 (ja) * 1994-08-26 1998-12-14 日本鋼管株式会社 金属管被覆光ファイバーケーブル接続装置
US5963698A (en) * 1995-03-07 1999-10-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Splicing device for welding optical fibers
US5748819A (en) * 1995-04-05 1998-05-05 Siecor Corporation Field installable optical fiber connector and an associated method of fabrication
AU2151497A (en) * 1996-03-14 1997-10-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Splicing means for bonding two optical wave guides, one thereof being fixed in a connector pin
US5930427A (en) * 1998-01-20 1999-07-27 G & H Technology, Inc. Fiber optics connector
US6655857B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-12-02 Corning Incorporated Composite optical waveguide fiber
TW526640B (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-04-01 Kingfont Prec Ind Co Ltd Manufacturing method of fiber module
EP1482337A1 (de) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-01 TRUMPF Laser GmbH + Co.KG Lichtleitersteckeranordnung und Herstellungsverfahren dafür
US7712981B2 (en) * 2007-04-13 2010-05-11 3Sae Technologies, Inc. Compact, active alignment fusion splicer with automatic view-angle compensation
US9304262B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2016-04-05 Commscope Technologies Llc Multi-fiber optic connector
EP2812741A2 (en) 2012-02-07 2014-12-17 Tyco Electronics Raychem BVBA Cable termination assembly and method for connectors
ES2929472T3 (es) 2012-02-20 2022-11-29 Commscope Technologies Llc Ensamble de Fibra Optica
KR101630654B1 (ko) * 2012-07-20 2016-06-15 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 에칭방법, 이것을 사용한 반도체 기판 제품 및 반도체 소자의 제조방법
US8939654B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2015-01-27 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Ruggedized multi-fiber fiber optic connector with sealed dust cap
US9733440B2 (en) 2014-04-29 2017-08-15 Corning Incorporated Optical connectors for coupling light sources to optical fibers
US9720185B2 (en) 2014-05-23 2017-08-01 Commscope Technologies Llc Systems and method for processing optical cable assemblies
EP3199996A4 (en) 2014-09-26 2018-06-13 ADC Telecommunications (Shanghai) Distribution Co., Ltd. Optical fiber connector and assembly method therefor
WO2023068069A1 (en) 2021-10-21 2023-04-27 L'oreal Composition comprising two polyglyceryl fatty acid esters and skincare active agent

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GB1252126A (cs) * 1967-11-08 1971-11-03
GB1372874A (en) * 1971-12-22 1974-11-06 Plessey Co Ltd Joining optical waveguides
NL176951C (nl) * 1972-08-09 1985-07-01 Bayer Ag Werkwijze voor de bereiding van waterrijke, aan de lucht drogende lakken op basis van zouten uit basische verbindingen en polyesterpolyurethanhalfesters.
DE2553877A1 (de) * 1974-12-05 1976-06-16 Itt Ind Gmbh Deutsche Steckverbinderanordnung fuer lichtleitkabel
DE2516858C2 (de) * 1975-04-17 1983-01-20 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Lösbare Steckverbindung für Lichtleitfasern
US4049414A (en) * 1975-07-28 1977-09-20 Corning Glass Works Method and apparatus for splicing optical fibers
US3960531A (en) * 1975-07-28 1976-06-01 Corning Glass Works Method and apparatus for splicing optical fibers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT7824788A0 (it) 1978-06-21
JPS6110042B2 (cs) 1986-03-27
JPS5410753A (en) 1979-01-26
DK144927B (da) 1982-07-05
IE47277B1 (en) 1984-02-08
US4220394A (en) 1980-09-02
DE2860127D1 (en) 1980-12-11
FR2395518A1 (fr) 1979-01-19
IE781243L (en) 1978-12-22
DK279878A (da) 1978-12-23
IT1097114B (it) 1985-08-26
FR2395518B1 (cs) 1980-02-15
CA1111688A (fr) 1981-11-03
EP0000145A1 (fr) 1979-01-10
DK144927C (da) 1982-11-29

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