EA042854B1 - BRAKING SYSTEMS WITH SUPPORT PLATES CONTAINING PROJECT INSERTS - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The invention described herein relates to braking systems for vehicle wheel braking and wheel surface treatment.

Description of the prior art

Some braking systems can treat the surface of the wheels while also slowing or stopping their rotation. These braking systems include brake pads that move towards the surfaces of the wheels to create friction and slow or stop the rotation of the wheels. The rigid elements of the brake pads can simultaneously treat the surfaces of the wheels, eliminating protrusions, removing foreign particles, etc. from the specified surfaces. However, some of the currently known brake systems have rigid elements, which during operation can put too much stress on the brake pads, and also have other disadvantages described in this document.

Short description

According to one embodiment, the vehicle braking system includes a base plate configured to support the composite shoe and at least one processing insert connected to the base plate and configured to contact the wheel surface during braking and thus process at least measure of the surface of the wheel.

According to one embodiment, the vehicle braking system includes a base plate capable of supporting the composite shoe and extending from the first end to the second end, and processing inserts attached to the base plate near the first and second ends of the base plate. The treatment inserts are configured to contact the wheel surface during braking and thus process at least a portion of the wheel surface.

According to one embodiment, the method includes providing a base plate capable of supporting a composite shoe and forming at least one treatment insert attached to the base plate and positioned to contact the wheel surface during braking and thereby process at least measure of the surface of the wheel. The base plate may be formed with a U-shaped connecting element located in the center, while both ends of the base plate are removed from the specified element, and at least one processing insert can be formed near one of the two ends of the base plate.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention can be understood from the following description of non-limiting embodiments, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

in fig. 1 is a perspective view of the braking system;

in fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the braking system shown in FIG. 1;

in fig. 3 is a bottom view of the brake system shown in FIG. 1;

in fig. 4 is a perspective view of the support plate shown in FIG. 1;

in fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the support plate shown in FIG. 1;

in fig. 6 is a plan view of the support plate shown in FIG. 1;

in fig. 7 is a perspective view of the braking system;

in fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view of the braking system shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 9 is a bottom view of the braking system shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 10 is a perspective view of the support plate shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 11 is a vertical sectional view of the support plate shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 12 is a bottom view of the base plate shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 13 is a schematic representation of the wheel shown in FIG. 2, in section;

in fig. 14 shows one example of a brake system in end view;

in fig. 15 shows another example of a brake system in end view;

in fig. 16 is a vertical sectional view of the braking system;

in fig. 17 is a bottom view of the braking system shown in FIG. 16;

in fig. 18 is a perspective view of the support plate shown in FIG. 16;

in fig. 19 is a vertical sectional view of the support plate shown in FIG. 16;

in fig. 20 is a bottom view of the base plate shown in FIG. 16;

in fig. 21 is a perspective view of the braking system;

in fig. 22 is a vertical sectional view of the braking system shown in FIG. 21;

in fig. 23 is a bottom view of the braking system shown in FIG. 21;

in fig. 24 is a perspective view of the base plate of the brake system shown in FIG. 21;

in fig. 25 is a vertical sectional view of the support plate shown in FIG. 24;

in fig. 26 is a bottom view of the base plate shown in FIG. 24;

- 1 042854 in FIG. 27 is a bottom view of the brake system;

in fig. 28 is a perspective view of the base plate of the braking system shown in FIG. 27;

in fig. 29 is a bottom view of the base plate shown in FIG. 28;

in fig. 30 is a perspective view of the braking system;

in fig. 31 is a bottom view of the braking system shown in FIG. thirty;

in fig. 32 is a perspective view of the base plate of the brake system shown in FIG. 31;

in fig. 33 is a vertical sectional view of the support plate shown in FIG. 32;

in fig. 34 is a bottom view of the base plate shown in FIG. 32;

in fig. 35 shows another embodiment of the brake support plate shown in FIG. thirty;

in fig. 36 is another example of a brake pad that may be used in some of the braking systems illustrated and/or described herein; and in FIG. 37 shows an example of one end of the brake system shown in FIG. 7-12, perspective view.

Detailed description

Embodiments of the invention described herein relate to vehicle braking systems having base plates with inserts protruding from the plates. Brake pads are formed around the inserts, which are connected to the base plates and inserts. During braking, the braking systems are moved toward the surface of the wheel (eg, the outer circumferential surface), allowing the brake pads to interact with the surface of the wheel and slow or stop the rotational movement of the wheel. The inserts protruding from the base plates may be rigid elements that contact the wheel surface to treat the wheel, for example by removing foreign matter or otherwise contact cleaning the wheel surface. The base plates can optionally be referred to as mounting plates.

Various inserts are illustrated and described herein. Unlike the inserts used in some known brake systems, the various embodiments of the base plates and inserts described and illustrated herein allow the use of multiple inserts, with the inserts located closer to opposite ends of the base plates (rather than in the middle of the base plates), and/or inserts that are offset from each other to provide more coverage of the wheel surface. The inserts can be located on the base plates so that the leading and/or trailing edges of the brake pads are formed by said inserts. Because the inserts can be formed from materials that are stiffer and/or stronger than the brake pads, the brake pads can be protected from foreign matter that would otherwise impact the leading or trailing edges of said pads during wheel rotation.

In addition, embodiments of the invention include brake pad inserts having lower surface area ratios (the surface area of the insert that contacts the wheel surface divided by the surface area of the pad that contacts the wheel surface) than some prior art brake pads. The embodiments described herein also include inserts having a tapered shape that, over time and as the inserts wear, results in an increase in the surface area of the inserts facing and in contact with the wheel surface. The profiles of the outer surfaces of the inserts may be shaped to provide mechanical interlocking of the brake pads with the inserts (with or without chemical bonding between the inserts and the brake pads).

The inserts may be mechanically attached to the base plates (eg, by means of a press fit, friction fit, or the like), or may be welded (or otherwise attached) to the base plates. As an option, the inserts can be integrally formed with the base plates so that there are no seams, joints or the like between the inserts and the base plates. Inserts can be made of metal such as iron, iron alloy, cast iron, nodular iron, ductile iron, gray iron, white iron, sintered metal, sintered metal alloy, one or more types of steel (e.g. carbon steel, cast steel, etc.), other metal or metal alloy, composite material, or the like. The thermal control elements, inserts and/or support plates can be made by injection molding, extrusion, additive manufacturing, or the like. These and other features, aspects and modifications of embodiments of braking systems according to the invention are illustrated and described in this document.

In FIG. 1-6 shows one example of a brake system 100 having a base plate 102 with processing inserts 104 (eg, inserts 104A, 104B). In FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the brake system, FIG. 2 is a vertical section through the braking system shown in FIG. 1 in FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the braking system shown in FIG. 1 in FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the support plate shown in FIG. 1 in FIG. 5 is a vertical section through the support plate shown in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the support plate shown in FIG. 1. The braking system includes a base plate configured to support a composite brake shoe 106. The head facing surface 108 of the base plate interacts with the brake head, which moves toward the surface 210 of the wheel 212 (partially shown in FIG. 2) to move the brake system. contact with the wheel surface to slow or stop the rotation of the wheel (and move away from the wheel surface to move the brake pad and inserts away from and out of contact with said wheel surface). The surface of the wheel may follow a circular path along the outer circumferential surface of the wheel. For example, in railroad vehicles, the wheel surface may be the outer circumferential surface of the wheel which also contacts the rail as the wheel rotates. The shoe abutment surface 114 of the base plate is located opposite the head facing surface such that the shoe abutment surface and the head facing surface. The pad support surface faces the wheel surface when the brake system is located on the vehicle. The pad support surface is also connected to the brake pad.

The brake shoe may be made of a composite material located on the support plate surface of the support plate (for example, cast in a mould). Alternatively, the brake shoe may be made from a different material and/or may be bonded or mechanically bonded to the shoe support surface (eg, by a press fit, friction fit, or other connection). The brake shoe extends from one end surface 170 to the opposite end surface 172, and from the inner surface 174 to the opposite outer surface 176. The inner and outer surfaces may extend from one end surface 170 to the other end surface 172. The inner surface may face the vehicle and/or wheel flange, and the outer surface may face away from the vehicle and/or away from the wheel flange.

The base plate includes at least one processing insert connected to the base plate and at least partially enclosed within the brake shoe. Although two inserts are shown in the illustrated embodiment, as an option, the brake system may include only one insert, or three or more inserts. The treatment inserts protrude from the pad support surface such that each of said inserts is a cantilever bar extending from the pad support surface to the free outer end 116. The free ends have contact surfaces that are positioned to interact with the wheel surface. As shown in FIG. 5, the contact surfaces may be rounded or circular surfaces. Alternatively, the contact surfaces may be non-rounded (eg, formed by one or more planes), or may be a combination of flat surfaces and rounded surfaces.

These contact surfaces can interact with the surface of the wheel when the brake pad interacts with this surface. The backing plate (including inserts) may be formed from a material that is more rigid than the pad (e.g., iron, iron alloy, cast iron, ductile iron, ductile iron, gray iron, white iron, sintered metal, sintered metal alloy, one or more types of steel, such as carbon steel or cast steel), another metal or metal alloy, composite material, or the like, so that contact between the pad and the wheel surface during braking creates friction to slow or stop the rotation of the wheel, in while the contact surfaces of the inserts and the surface of the wheel may provide scraping or otherwise performed removal of foreign particles and cleaning of the surface of the wheel during its rotation under braking. In addition, said contact between the contact surfaces and the wheel surface may remove any projections, bumps, or the like present on the wheel surface (for example, by erasing or otherwise removing small areas of the wheel surface). This cleaning, removal of foreign particles or other objects and/or smoothing of the wheel surface may be referred to as wheel surface treatment. The inserts are tapered so that their cross-sectional surface area is less at their outer ends than at the base plate. This can lead to an increase in frictional contact area between the inserts and the wheel surface over time and use of the inserts as they wear out.

The base plate has an arcuate shape and is made with a U-shaped (for example, in the shape of the letter U) connecting element 118, which is located in the center between the opposite ends 120, 122 of the specified base plate. The connecting member may be coupled to the brake head such that movement of the brake head toward or away from the wheel surface moves the base plate and brake shoe toward and away from the wheel surface. As shown in the drawings, the inserts may be located near the ends of the base plate or away from the middle 224 of the base plate (for example, the middle of the representation

- 3 042854 is a plane or line located midway between the ends of the base plate along an arcuate path or pad support surface of the base plate as shown in FIG. 2). For example, the insert 104A may extend from the base plate at a location or region that is closer to the end 120 of the base plate than the other end 122 of said plate, and/or is located closer to the end 120 than the middle of the base plate. Insert 104B may extend from the base plate at a location or region that is closer to the other end 122 of the base plate than end 120 and/or is located closer to end 122 than the middle of the base plate. Optionally, if only one insert is provided, it may be located closer to the end 120 than the middle or other end 122 of the base plate, or may be located closer to the end 122 than the middle or other end 120 of the plate.

The base plate includes guide lugs 226 (shown in FIG. 2) that engage with the brake head. These guide lugs may be tabs that are bent away from the surface of the base plate facing the head. For example, each guide protrusion may represent curved tabs located on opposite sides of the hole 428 (shown in Fig. 4), passing through the base plate. Alternatively, the base plate can be made without holes. The tabs may be elongated in directions extending from one end of the base plate to its opposite end. Alternatively, the guide lugs may have a different shape and/or holes through the base plate may be omitted. The guide lugs engage with the brake head (in addition to or instead of the brake head engagement member) to secure the backing plate and brake shoe to the brake head. The guide lugs can help dissipate heat from the brake system. For example, the tongues may conduct heat away from the base plate, leading it out of the brake system, and/or the holes between the tongues may provide a channel through which heat is dissipated.

In the illustrated example, the inserts are positioned against the guide lugs as shown in FIG. 5. Inserts may be connected to the base plate, but partially pass under the holes formed within the guide tabs (depicted in Fig. 4 and Fig. 6). As an option, at least one of the inserts may be located between one of the ends of the base plate and the opening of the guide protrusion closest to said end of the base plate. For example, between one end of the base plate and the guide protrusion hole closest to that end, an insert part may be located, with the insert part located under the hole. Alternatively, the entire insert may be located between the end of the base plate and the opening of the heat sink. As an option, the insert may be positioned within (eg, between) the guides, as described below.

The inserts are offset due to being off-center on the center line 630 (as depicted in FIG. 6) of the support plate. The center line may extend from one end of the base plate to its opposite end. The base plate may have opposing edges 132, 434 that are orthogonal or perpendicular to the ends of the base plate. Alternatively, the edges may be transverse to the ends. The center line may be located halfway or midway between said edges and may be parallel to the edges (as depicted in FIG. 6).

In the illustrated embodiment, substantially all of the inserts are located on the same side of the center line, but at least a portion of each insert extends beyond or crosses the center line. For example, at least 99% of the mass of each insert may be located on one side of the centerline, with the remaining 1% or less of the mass located on the other side of the centerline. In another example, at least 95% of the mass of each insert may be located on one side of the center line, with the remaining 5% or less of the mass located on the other side of the center line. In yet another example, at least 90% of the mass of each insert may be on one side of the centerline, with the remaining 10% or less of the mass located on the other side of the centerline. In the following example, at least 80% of the mass of each insert may be on one side of the centerline, with the remaining 20% or less of the mass located on the other side of the centerline. As an option, at least 99% of the volume of each insert may be located on one side of the center line, and the remaining 1% or less of the volume is located on the other side of the center line. In another example, at least 95% of the volume of each insert may be located on one side of the center line, and the remaining 5% or less of the volume is located on the other side of the center line. In yet another example, at least 90% of the volume of each insert may be located on one side of the centerline, with the remaining 10% or less of the volume located on the other side of the centerline. In the following example, at least 80% of the volume of each insert may be on one side of the centerline, with the remaining 20% or less of the volume located on the other side of the centerline. Alternatively, the entire mass and/or entire volume of each insert may be located on one side of the center line.

- 4 042854

The inserts may be located mainly on opposite sides of the center line. For example, in various embodiments, at least 99%, 95%, 90%, or 80% by weight and/or volume of each insert may be located on the other side of the centerline. The inserts can be located in different places relative to the center line or its sides to treat different areas of the wheel surface. For example, insert 104A may contact and treat a first wheel width portion (e.g., one half or more of the wheel surface) while insert 104B may contact a second wheel surface width portion (e.g., the other half or more half of the wheel surface) and ensure its processing. Alternatively, three or more offset inserts may be provided, with each insert positioned to engage and process a different part of the width of the wheel surface. The wheel surface width may be a distance along or parallel to the axis of rotation of the wheel (which is perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 2). Each offset insert can engage and process a different part of the width of the wheel surface that contacts the surface of the road, such as the surface of a rail for railway vehicles. For example, if there are n offset inserts connected to the base plate and the width of the wheel surface that interacts with the track surface is W, then each offset insert can contact and process at least W/n of the wheel surface. The use of offset inserts can reduce the amount of material used to make the base plate and inserts, reduce the weight of the base plate and inserts, or the like. (relative to inserts extending across the entire width of the wheel surface).

The machining inserts include engaging elements 436 that assist in connecting the inserts to the brake shoe. In the illustrated example, the engaging elements are grooves, grooves, depressions, or other recesses that extend into and into the bodies of the inserts. The material forming the brake shoe may penetrate into the engagement elements during the molding of the brake shoe. As a result, the surface area of the inserts that interacts with the brake shoe can be increased (compared to the inserts having no engagement elements), which can increase the adhesion strength between the inserts and the brake shoe.

In FIG. 7-12 illustrates another example of a brake system 700 having a base plate 702 and processing inserts 904 (as depicted in FIG. 9) partially enclosed within a brake shoe 706. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the brake system, FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view of the braking system shown in FIG. 7 in FIG. 9 is a bottom view of the braking system shown in FIG. 7 in FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the support plate shown in FIG. 7 in FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional view of the support plate shown in FIG. 7 and in FIG. 12 is a bottom view of the base plate shown in FIG. 7. The brake system shown in FIG. 7-12 may be similar to the braking system shown in FIG. 1-6, except for the locations of the inserts 904. For example, the components of the braking systems shown in FIG. 1-12 may be the same except for the locations of the inserts.

Inserts of the brake system shown in Fig. 1-6 may be placed opposite the guide lugs. In contrast to the above, the insert of the brake system shown in FIG. 7-12 may be located between the guides 726 and holes 728. For example, each insert of the braking system shown in FIG. 7-12 may be located between one of the guides and the middle 1124 of the brake base plate 702, as shown in FIG. 10-12. Alternatively, the inserts may be located closer to the middle of the base plate than the inserts shown in FIG. 10-12.

As shown in FIG. 1, 3 and 9, the outer ends of the processing inserts may be open and not enclosed within the brake shoes. Prior to installation of the brake system on the vehicle, the outer ends of the processing inserts may coincide with the outer lower surface of the brake shoe, which interacts with the surface of the wheel. Therefore, when the brake system interacts with the wheel surface for the first time after the brake system is installed, both the brake shoe and the outer ends of the treatment inserts can contact the wheel surface. This avoids the need to break in the brake system for several operating cycles or braking events over several trips before the outer ends of the treatment inserts are exposed to contact with the wheel surface. For example, in some other known brake systems, the outer ends of the treatment inserts may be enclosed within the brake shoe. As a result, before the outer ends of the treatment inserts are exposed and can contact the wheel surface, the part of the brake block that is located between the wheel surface and the outer ends of the treatment inserts must be abraded and removed from the brake shoe (for example, by contacting the wheel surface during multiple braking events).

In FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of the wheel 212 shown in FIG. 2, in section. The wheel includes a surface 210 that interacts with the surface 1338 of the transport path 1340 (for example, with the upper surface of the rail) when the wheel rotates around the axis 1342 of rotation. Kole

- 5 042854 also includes a flange 1344, which can help keep the wheel of the vehicle on the road. Continuing with reference to the wheel shown in FIG. 13, fig. 14 depicts one example of a braking system 1400, in end view, and FIG. 15 shows another example of a braking system 1500, in end view. Each of the braking systems shown in FIG. 14 and 15 may represent one of the braking systems illustrated and/or described herein. End views of brake systems show rounded side surfaces 1446, 1548 of brake pads 1400, 1500. These brake pads may be one or more of the brake pads illustrated and/or described herein.

The rounded side surfaces of the brake pads face the wheel flange or the intersection between the flange and the wheel surface 210. The rounded side surface of the braking system shown in FIG. 14 has a larger radius of curvature than the rounded side surface of the braking system shown in FIG. 15. A smaller radius of curvature may provide an increased contact surface 1466 of the brake shoe 1400 to contact the wheel surface 210 and/or wheel flange 1344 compared to the contact surface 1566 of the brake shoe 1500 having a smaller radius of curvature. As a result, the brake shoe 1500 can slow or stop the rotational movement of the wheel (toward or away from the plane of FIG. 13) faster than the brake shoe 1400, even when the brake shoes 1400, 1500 are used for the first time.

In FIG. 16-20 show another example of a braking system 1600 having a base plate 1602 provided with an array 1750 of treatment insert bars 1752 (shown in FIG. 17). In FIG. 16 is a vertical sectional view of the brake system, FIG. 17 is a bottom view of the brake system shown in FIG. 16, in FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the support plate shown in FIG. 16, in FIG. 19 is a vertical sectional view of the support plate shown in FIG. 16 and in FIG. 20 is a bottom view of the base plate shown in FIG. 16. The braking system shown in FIG. 16-20 may be similar to the braking systems illustrated and/or described herein, except for the processing inserts. For example, the components of the braking systems shown in FIG. 1-12 and FIG. 16-20 may be the same except for the inserts.

As shown in FIG. 17-20, the base plate machining insert is formed by an array of elongated machining rods. Each of the insert bars is a cantilever bar that extends from the support surface 1914 (shown in FIG. 19) of the base plate to the outer end 1716 (shown in FIG. 17). Each of the insert bars has a substantially smaller width to length ratio than the width to length ratio of the processing inserts shown in FIG. 1-12. For example, the diameter or width of each insert bar divided by the length of the insert bar may be one or more orders of magnitude less than the width of the insert (shown in Figures 1-12) divided by the length of the insert (shown in Figures 1-12). Insert rods can be located in repeating rapport within the array. In the illustrated example, the rods are arranged in nine rows of three rods, with the rods of each row located midway between adjacent rods arranged in rows extending from both sides. Alternatively, more or fewer rods may be provided and/or the rods may be arranged according to a different pattern.

The rods may be arranged more tightly relative to each other or located at a greater distance from each other, compared to the image in Fig. 20. For example, internal spacing 2058 between bars may be the nearest spacing between adjacent or adjacent bars. This internal bar spacing can be increased or decreased to provide looser or tighter bar arrangements. As the inner spacing between the bars increases, the pressure exerted on the brake system by the wheel surface is distributed over a greater area of the brake shoe contact surface, because the material from which the bars are formed (for example, iron, iron alloy, cast iron, ductile iron with nodular graphite, malleable cast iron, gray cast iron, other metal or metal alloy, composite material or the like) has a lower compressibility compared to the surrounding composite friction material forming the brake shoe. The internal spacing between the bars, the number of bars, and/or the number of arrays may be varied to control the distribution of said pressure to reduce cracking, wear, or the like in the brake system.

The array is located at a distance from the guides and ends of the base plate. For example, the array does not reach the guides or ends of the base plate, but is separated and spaced from the projections and ends of the base plate by distances greater than the width 2060 of the array. Alternatively, the array may be wider. For example, the array may extend from one end of the base plate to the other end of the base plate, from one guide to the other guide, or may be wider but not extend to the guides or ends of the base plate.

In the illustrated example, the array of insert bars also differs from the processing ones.

- 6 042854 inserts shown in FIG. 1-12 in that it is centrally located along the length of the base plate. For example, the array may be equidistant from opposite ends 2020, 2022 of the base plate as shown in FIG. 20. Alternatively, the array may be located off-center, but closer to one end of the base plate than to the opposite end. For example, the array may be offset, being closer to one end of 2020 or 2022 than to the other end of 2022 or 2020.

The use of multiple, smaller insert bars instead of larger, monolithic inserts can allow the brake shoe forming material to move in and between the bars (eg, during molding of the brake shoe material). The brake pad material can flow between the bars and increase the surface area where the brake pad and bars contact each other. As a result, the adhesion strength between the brake shoe and the insert bars can be increased, which can improve the resistance of the brake system to cracking compared to brake systems made with larger monolithic inserts that do not have any grooves or other design features.

In FIG. 21-26 illustrate another example of a braking system 2100 having a base plate 2102 configured with multiple arrays 2350 (eg, arrays 2350A, 2350B) of processing insert bars 1752. In FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the brake system, FIG. 22 is a vertical sectional view of the braking system shown in FIG. 21, in FIG. 23 is a bottom view of the braking system shown in FIG. 21, in FIG. 24 is a perspective view of the base plate of the brake system shown in FIG. 21, in FIG. 25 is a vertical sectional view of the support plate shown in FIG. 24 and in FIG. 26 is a bottom view of the base plate shown in FIG. 24. The brake system shown in FIG. 21-26 may be similar to the brake systems illustrated and/or described herein except for the processing inserts and the brake shoe. For example, the components of the braking systems shown in FIG. 1-12 and FIG. 16-23 may be the same, except for the inserts and the shape of the brake shoe. The brake pad may be made from the same material as the other brake pads illustrated and/or described herein.

As shown in FIG. 23-26, the base plate processing insert is formed by several arrays of elongated rods. In contrast to the base plate shown in Fig. 16-20 which has only one array of rods forming an insert, the base plate shown in FIG. 23-26 includes a plurality of spaced arrays of elongated insert bars. The arrays are spaced apart such that the nearest distance 2654 between the two arrays is greater than the nearest distance 2656 between the rods located in either of the arrays (as depicted in FIG. 26). Each of the arrays shown in Fig. 26 includes two rows of five rods separated from each other by a middle row of four rods. Alternatively, each of the arrays may have only one row, two rows, or more than three rows of rods. In addition, the number of rods in any of the rows may differ from that shown in the drawing. Each array may have the same number of rows and/or rods, or the number of rows and/or rods in one array may be different from the number of rows and/or rods in another array.

Each of the arrays is closer to one end 2120 of the base plate than the opposite end 2122 of the base plate. For example, array 2150A is closer to baseplate end 2120 than array 2150B, and array 2150B is closer to baseplate end 2122 than array 2150A. Although in FIG. 21-23 only two arrays are shown, alternatively the base plate may have three or more rod arrays. For example, a central array can also be provided between the outer arrays shown in FIG. 21-26, and at a distance from the indicated arrays.

In the illustrated example, brake shoe or shoe 2106 has a centrally located air gap 2160 as shown in FIG. 24 and 25. The brake pads shown in FIGS. 13, fig. 7-9 and FIG. 16-17 extend continuously from one end to the opposite end of the support plates shown in these drawings. The brake pads shown in these drawings run continuously without the formation of open spaces (for example, gaps, holes, etc., which are not due to air bubbles formed during molding, or which do not exceed one centimeter at the maximum size of air bubbles) . Alternatively, the brake pads extend continuously from one end of the backing plate to the other end of the backing plate, and in doing so may pass around the machining inserts.

In contrast to the above, the brake shoe shown in FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 includes an open space defining an air gap. This open space has the appearance of an inverted arc, but may alternatively have a different shape. Although only one air gap is shown, a brake pad may have multiple air gaps. The air gap can provide stress relief inside the brake pad. For example, an air gap can provide adaptive

- 7 042854 brake pad contact with changing wheel surfaces, which can occur when the inserts come into contact with foreign objects located on the wheel surfaces. The air gap can allow the brake pad to flex more easily when it collides with said objects compared to brake pads that do not have an air gap. As a result, cracking or other damage to the brake pad, which may otherwise be caused by pressures exerted on the brake pad by foreign objects, can be reduced.

The brake shoe also has wear indicator edges 2168 (shown in FIG. 21). Alternatively, the brake shoe may have only one wear indicator edge, or may have more than two. Each wear indicator edge may be a chamfered edge extending obliquely from a proximate end of the base plate. The wear indicator edges overlap the outer end surfaces 2170 of the brake pad. The end surfaces may be oriented at oblique, oblique angles that differ from the angles at which the wear indicator edges are oriented to define the interface 2172 between said edges and the end surfaces. The wear indicator edges may provide the operator with a visual indication of the quality or condition of the brake pad. For example, the brake pad and inserts wear out over time so that they become thinner with use. When the brake pad is worn to the interface between the wear indicator edge and the end surface of the brake pad, the operator can visually determine that the brake pad has significant wear and can be replaced. In this case, the brake system can be disassembled or removed by inserting another base plate and brake shoe for further use.

In FIG. 27-29 illustrate another example of a brake system 2700. FIG. 27 is a bottom view of the brake system 2700, FIG. 28 is a perspective view of the brake base plate 2702 of FIG. 27 and in FIG. 29 is a bottom view of the base plate shown in FIG. 28. The braking system shown in FIG. 27-fig. 29 may be similar or identical to the braking system shown in FIG. 21-26, except for the internal spacing between the insert bars. When comparing Fig. 23 and FIG. 27 shows that in the brake system 2700, the insert bars 1752 are spaced more apart (due to the greater internal spacing between the bars) than the insert bars 1752 in the brake system 2100.

In FIG. 30-34 illustrate another example of a brake system 3000. FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the brake system, FIG. 31 is a bottom view of the braking system shown in FIG. 30 in FIG. 32 is a perspective view of the base plate 3002 of the brake system shown in FIG. 31, in FIG. 33 is a vertical sectional view of the support plate shown in FIG. 32 and in FIG. 34 is a bottom view of the base plate shown in FIG. 32. Brake system 3000 is similar to brake system 1600 shown in FIG. 16-fig. 20 and brake systems 2100, 2700 shown in FIG. 21-29. For example, braking system 3000 includes a backing plate 3002, arrays 3050 (eg, arrays 3050A-3050C) of machining insert bars 1752, and a brake shoe 3006.

One of the differences between the brake systems 1600, 2100, 2700, 3000 is that the brake system 3000 includes a centrally located array 3050B of rods 1752 and outer arrays 3050A, 3050C of rods 1752. The outer arrays 3050A, 3050C may be located closer to the outer ends. 3020, 3022 of the base plate 3002, while the center array 3050B may be centered relative to the center line 1124 of the base plate 3002. towards the end 3022 than the arrays 3050A, 3050B, and the array 3050B may be midway between the arrays 3050A, 3050C. In FIG. 35 shows another embodiment of the base plate 3002 of the brake system 3000, with the bars 1752 of each array 3050 spaced more apart than the bars 1752 in the arrays 3050 shown in FIG. 30-fig. 34. The internal distance between the rods may be the same for each array or may differ for different arrays. For example, in the same base plate, the bars in one array 3050 may be closer together than the bars in another array 3050.

In FIG. 36 depicts yet another example of a brake shoe 3606 that may be used in some of the brake systems illustrated and/or described herein. The brake shoe shown in Fig. 36 may be used with any of the braking systems illustrated and/or described herein. While the brake shoe is depicted as extending around two arrays of processing insert bars, the brake shoe may include other processing inserts described herein. One of the differences between the brake shoe shown in Fig. 36, beveled outer end surfaces 170, 172 are from other brake pads.

The outer end surfaces are bevelled so that they are oriented at oblique rather than right angles relative to the inner and outer surfaces 174, 176 of the brake shoe. For example, the angle 3678 between the inner surface 174 and each of the end surfaces 170, 172 may be an acute angle, while the angle 3680 between the outer surface 176 and each of

- 8 042854 end surfaces 170, 172 may be an obtuse angle. These sloping end surfaces may assist in the removal of water and dirt from the brake pad. As a result, the friction and adhesion between the brake pad and the wheel surface in wet or icy conditions can be increased, and the protection of the brake pad from damage caused by foreign particles such as sand, fine gravel, coal dust, ore materials, etc. can be improved. .

In FIG. 37 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of one end 172 of the braking system 700 shown in FIG. 7-12. As shown in the drawing, the offset processing insert 904 may partially extend beyond the working surface 1466 of the brake shoe 706. The brake shoe may extend along the perimeter of the bottom surface of the insert. This may aid in the molding of the brake shoe (for example, preventing the bottom from falling out of the mould). Excess brake pad material may be ground or otherwise removed so that the bottom surface of the insert is flush (eg, co-planar) with the running surface of the brake pad (even before the first use of the brake pad). Such an exposure of the lower surface of the insert allows the insert to be used immediately on the very first application of the brake shoe and the insert for surface treatment of the wheel.

Various features, aspects, or components illustrated and described herein may be combined in various combinations into a braking system. For example, different inserts may be used in the same brake system, an air-gap brake shoe may be used with inserts that differ from insert bar arrays, different radii of curvature may be used in brake shoes, and so on. In one embodiment of the invention described herein, the braking system may include at least one of the offset inserts shown in FIG. 1-6, at least one of the offset inserts shown in FIG. 7-fig. 12 to have a larger radius of curvature of the brake shoe shown in FIG. 14 and/or one or more arrays of insert bars.

The processing inserts illustrated and described herein may also be located at the outer ends of the brake shoe. For example, instead of the brake shoe end 170 or 172 facing forward in the direction of travel of the vehicle, one or more of the illustrated and/or described herein processing inserts may be located outside the end 170 or 172. Since the inserts are more rigid than the brake pads, locating the insert(s) at the outer ends 170, 172 can protect the brake pads from damage caused by foreign particles.

A method for forming some of the brake systems described herein may include forming a backing plate configured to support a composite brake shoe. Said support plate may be configured to include one or more of the processing inserts illustrated and/or described herein. The base plate may be formed by molding the base plate from iron, iron alloy, cast iron, ductile iron, ductile iron, gray iron, other metal or metal alloy, composite material, or the like, and then by grinding or otherwise method of removing excess material from the casting. The method may also include molding the composite brake pad in contact with the backing plate and at least partially around the composite insert(s). The brake shoe may be formed by placing the backing plate with the processing insert(s) into a mold and pouring the brake shoe forming material into the mold. This material can flow around the processing inserts and cure (or otherwise solidify) by forming bonds with the backing plate and/or the processing inserts. Sections of the brake pad may be ground off or otherwise removed to expose the undersides of the inserts. The backing plate can then be connected to the brake head to use the brake shoe and treatment insert(s) for braking and wheel surface treatment as described herein.

In one embodiment, a vehicle braking system includes a base plate configured to support a composite shoe and at least one processing insert connected to the base plate and configured to contact a wheel surface during braking and thus process at least measure of the surface of the wheel.

As an option, the base plate may have a U-shaped connecting element located in the center and has two ends remote from the specified element, while at least one processing insert can be located near one of the two ends of the base plate.

As an option, the base plate may have a U-shaped connecting element located in the center, and has two ends remote from the specified element, while at least one processing insert may include several processing inserts, each of the processing inserts is located near one from the two ends of the base plate.

As an option, the base plate may include bearing parts that are located close to

- 9 042854 ends of the support plate and are made with the possibility of interaction with the brake head, while at least one processing insert can be located between the support parts along the length of the support plate.

Optionally, the support plate may include support portions that are located proximate the ends of the support plate and are configured to engage with the brake head, wherein at least one processing insert may be positioned opposite at least one of the support portions.

As an option, the base plate may have a U-shaped connecting element located in the center, and has two ends located at a distance from the specified element. The base plate may have a center line extending from the first of the ends to the second of the ends of the base plate, while passing along the center of the base plate, and at least one processing insert can be located offset from the center line, being located not in the center of the base plate.

As an option, at least one processing insert may include several processing inserts located offset from the center line.

As an option, the first of the processing inserts can be located on one side of the center line, and the second of the processing inserts is located on the opposite side of the center line.

As an option, the braking system may include a composite shoe connected to the base plate and at least partially enclosing at least one processing insert. The composite block may be configured to interact with the wheel surface during braking to slow down or stop its rotation. The outer end of at least one processing insert may be open and not enclosed within the composite shoe.

As an option, on the first side of the composite pad facing the wheel flange, said pad may have a larger radius of curvature compared to the opposite, second side of the pad facing away from the wheel flange.

In one embodiment, the vehicle braking system includes a base plate configured to support a composite pad, with the base plate extending from a first end to a second end, and processing inserts connected to the base plate near its first and second ends. The treatment inserts are configured to contact the wheel surface during braking and thereby process at least part of the wheel surface.

Optionally, the support plate may include support portions that are located proximate the first and second ends of the support plate and are configured to interact with the brake head, wherein the first and second processing inserts may be positioned between the support portions.

Optionally, the support plate may include support portions that are located proximate the first and second ends of the support plate and are configured to engage with the brake head, wherein the first and second machining inserts may be positioned opposite the support portions.

Optionally, the base plate may have a center line extending from its first end to its second end along the center of the base plate, and at least one of the first processing insert or the second processing insert may be positioned off-center from the center line. base plate.

As an option, the base plate may include opposing first and second edges, each of which extends from the first end to the second end, and the center line is located at the middle of the distance between the first and second edges, while the first processing insert can be located between the first edge and the center line, and the second processing insert may be located between the second edge and the center line.

As an option, the system may include a composite block, and on the first side of the composite block facing the wheel flange, the said block may have a larger radius of curvature compared to the opposite, second side of this block facing away from the wheel flange.

In one embodiment, the method includes providing a base plate capable of supporting the composite shoe and forming at least one treatment insert connected to the base plate and positioned to contact the wheel surface during braking and thereby process at least measure of the surface of the wheel. The base plate may be formed with a U-shaped connecting element located in the center and has two ends remote from the specified element, while at least one processing insert can be formed near one of the two ends of the base plate.

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Claims (15)

As an option, the at least one processing insert may be in the form of several processing inserts, each of the processing inserts being located near one of the two ends of the support plate. Optionally, the base plate may be formed such that its center line extends from the first of the ends to the second of the ends at the center of the base plate, wherein at least one processing insert may be formed at a location offset from the center line, located not in the center of the base plate. Optionally, at least one processing insert may be formed as first and second processing inserts, with the first processing insert located on one side of the center line and the second processing insert located on the opposite side of the center line. The singular forms also include plural references, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The expression optionally or as an option means that the event or situation described below may or may not occur, and that the description may include cases where the event occurs and cases where the event does not occur. As used throughout the description and claims, wording indicating approximate correspondence can be used herein to define any quantitative designation that can be changed in a reasonable manner without changing the basic function with which it can be associated. Therefore, the amount defined by such an expression or expressions as about, essentially and approximately, may not be limited to a precisely specified value. In at least some cases, wording indicating an approximate fit may correspond to the accuracy of the instrument used to measure the quantity. As used herein and throughout the specification and claims, range boundaries may be combined and/or interchanged, and said ranges may be identified and include all their subranges, unless otherwise indicated in the context or text. In the present description, examples of embodiments are used, including the most preferred option, which allows specialists in the art to implement embodiments in practice, including the creation and use of any devices or systems and the use of any provided methods. The scope of protection of the invention is defined by the claims and includes other examples that will occur to those skilled in the art. These other examples are considered to be within the scope of the claims if they contain features that do not differ from the exact wording of the claims, or if they include equivalent features that differ slightly from the exact wording of the claims. CLAIM 1. Brake system (100; 700) of a vehicle, containing: support plate (102; 702) extending from the first end (120) to the second end (122) and having a center line (630) extending from the specified first end (120) to the specified second end (122) through the center (224) of the support plates (102; 702) between the specified first end (120) and the specified second end (122), and the first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) attached to the base plate (102; 702) and made with the possibility of contact with surface (210) of the wheel (212) during braking and thus processing at least part of the surface (210) of the wheel (212), with the first processing insert (104A; 904) located on the first side of the center line (630), and the second processing insert (104B; 904) is located on the second side from the center line (630), opposite to the specified first side, and the composite block (106) connected to the base plate (102; 702) and at least partially covering the specified first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904). 2. Brake system (100; 700) according to claim 1, in which the base plate (102; 702) limits the U-shaped connecting element (118) located in the center and has the specified first and second ends (120, 122) remote from the specified connecting element (118), while the specified first processing insert (104A; 904) is located near the first end (120) of the base plate (102; 702), and the specified second processing insert (104B; 904) is located near the second end (122) base plate (102; 702). 3. Brake system (100; 700) according to claim 1, in which the base plate (102; 702) includes support parts (226) located near the first and second ends of the base plate (102; 702), each of the specified first and the second processing insert (104A, 104B; 904) is located (a) between the support parts (226) along the length of the support plate (102; 702) and/or (b) opposite at least one of the support parts (226). 4. Brake system (100; 700) according to claim 1, in which each of the specified first and second processing - 11 042854 inserts (104A, 104B; 904) are located offset from the center line, not located in the center. 5. Brake system (100; 700) according to claim 1, in which the composite pad (106) is configured to interact with the surface (210) of the wheel (212) during braking to slow down or stop the rotation of the wheel (212), and the outer ends (116) of said first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) are open and not enclosed within the composite shoe (106). 6. The brake system (100; 700) according to claim 1, in which the composite block (106) on its first side (176), facing the flange (1344) of the wheel (212), has a larger radius of curvature than on the opposite, second side (174) facing away from the flange (1344) of the wheel (212). 7. Brake system (100; 700) according to claim 1, in which each of the first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) has a round outer end (116). 8. Brake system (100; 700) according to claim 1, in which the first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) have a tapered shape, so that the cross-sectional surface area of the first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) less at their outer ends than near the base plate (102; 702). 9. Brake system (100; 700) of the vehicle, containing: a base plate (102; 702) extending from the first end (120) to the second end (122) along the center line (630) of the base plate (102; 702), the first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) attached to base plate (102; 702) near its first and second ends (120, 122), while the first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) are made with the possibility of contact with the surface (210) of the wheel (212) during braking and , thereby processing at least part of the surface (210) of the wheel (212), while the first processing insert (104A; 904) is located on that side of the base plate (102; 702) from the center line (630), which is opposite to the second processing insert (104B; 904), and a composite shoe (106) connected to the base plate (102; 702) and at least partially enclosing said first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904). 10. Brake system (100; 700) according to claim 9, in which the base plate (102; 702) includes support parts (226) located near the first and second ends (120, 122) of the base plate (102; 702), and the first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) are located between the support parts (226). 11. Brake system (100; 700) according to claim 9, in which the base plate (102; 702) includes support parts (226) located near the first and second ends (120, 122) of the base plate (102; 702), and the first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) are located opposite the support portions (226). 12. Brake system (100; 700) according to claim 9, wherein the center line (630) of the base plate (102; 702) runs through the center (224) of the base plate (102; 702). 13. The brake system (100; 700) according to claim 9, in which the composite block (106) on its first side (176), facing the flange (1334) of the wheel (212), has a larger radius of curvature than on the opposite, second side (174) facing away from the flange (1334) of the wheel (212). 14. Brake system (100; 700) according to claim 9, in which each of the first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) has a round outer end (116). 15. Brake system (100; 700) according to claim 9, wherein the first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) have tapering shapes such that the cross-sectional surface area of the first and second processing inserts (104A, 104B; 904) less at their outer ends than near the base plate (102; 702). -