EA036052B1 - Blood perfusion detoxification device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to medical equipment, in particular to means used in perfusion and transfusion medicine, and may be used for extracorporal blood purification from toxic substances. The technical result of the proposed invention is: extracorporal blood purification without damaging blood corpuscles, and provision of high sorption of toxic substances. The technical result is achieved by using a blood perfusion detoxification device, comprising a cylindrical housing with blood inlet and outlet nozzles, top and bottom covers, an adsorbent placed in the housing, wherein the adsorbent is made in the form of a solid carbon and silicon cylinder which is penetrated with carrying channels providing laminar blood flow and has a mesopore system separated from direct contact with blood by a polyvinyl alcohol gel membrane and filled with normal saline.

Description

The invention relates to medical technology, in particular to the agents used in perfusion and transphysiology, and can be used for extracorporeal blood purification from toxic substances.

Known device for hemosorption - perfusion detoxification, containing a cylindrical body with nozzles for inlet and outlet of blood, located in the body of a fiber sorbent from fiber vaulen - carbon material, consisting of thin threads with a diameter of 5 to 15 microns, formed mainly by carbon atoms, a sorbent attachment point , as well as a stem installed in the body along the axis with longitudinal samples, having in the cross section of the stem along its entire length, the total area is not less than the area of the transverse opening of the branch pipe for blood withdrawal, while the sorbent braids the stem in the form of a braid with fixation to the stem at equal intervals ( SU 1599025 A1, 15.10.1990).

The disadvantage of this device is the turbulence of the blood flow due to the material and shape of the sorbent, which increases the risk of damage to the blood cells. In addition, the construction of the device is rather complicated.

The technical result of the proposed invention is the development of a device design with a sorbent installed in it for perfusion blood detoxification, which makes it possible to carry out extracorporeal blood purification without damaging the blood cells and with high sorption rates in relation to toxic substances.

The technical result is achieved when using a device for perfusion detoxification of blood, containing a cartridge in the form of a cylindrical body with nozzles for inlet and outlet of blood with top and bottom caps, a sorbent installed in the body, which is made in the form of a monolithic carbon-silicon cylinder having transport channels and mesoporous structure, while the mesopores are separated from direct contact with blood by a gel membrane made of polyvinyl alcohol and filled with saline solution, and in the upper and lower parts the sorbent is fixed in the body by O-rings.

FIG. 1 shows the design of the proposed device for perfusion blood detoxification.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of transport channels with a polyvinyl alcohol gel membrane.

FIG. 3 - carbon-silicon sorbent with a mesoporous structure.

The device for perfusion blood detoxification (Fig. 1) consists of a cartridge in the form of a cylindrical body 1, screw caps 2. Inside the body there is a monolithic carbon-silicon sorbent 3, which is fixed by O-rings 4 in the upper and lower parts of the body 1. In the upper part of the body 1 between a sealing ring 4 and a carbon-silicon sorbent 3, a filter 5 is installed to trap dust-like particles. Caps 2 are equipped with branch pipes for the inlet and outlet of blood in the form of fittings 6, which are connected to a standard line for hemodialysis machines. The transport channels are covered with a polyvinyl alcohol gel membrane 7 (Fig. 2). Carbon-silicon sorbent 3 has a mesoporous structure, while the mesopores 8 are filled with saline (Fig. 3).

Tests of the proposed device for perfusion blood detoxification, conducted by an in-vitro laboratory, have shown effective blood purification with the removal of low- and medium-molecular toxins such as uric acid, bilirubin, creatinine, heavy metal salts, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (ACT).

The presence of transport channels in the body of the monolithic carbon-silicon sorbent provides laminar blood flow during hemosorption, which ensures purification without damaging blood corpuscles and effective sorption of toxins.

Due to the presence of mesopores in the sorbent, which form a developed porous structure, during the passage of blood, the sorbent can actively absorb toxic metabolic products. However, blood coagulation clogs the entrances to the porous sorbent system and prevents effective adsorption. To prevent blood coagulation, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel membrane is provided in the sorbent design, lining the surface of the sorbent transport channel and preventing direct contact between blood and sorbent. The mesopores of the sorbent are filled with saline, which serves as an intermediary between the blood and the adsorbent and conducts toxin molecules to the adsorption surface. This design provides conditions for a stable and long-term process of detoxification of the body.

A monolithic carbon-silicon sorbent is obtained by extrusion of plastic mass from rice husk carbonizate through a die, which sets the size of the transport channels. The required specific surface area is obtained by activating the monoblock material with a mixture of water vapor and carbon dioxide. After assembling the cartridge, consisting of the body parts and the monoblock itself, the final formation of the perfusion column is carried out. For this, the pores of the sorbent are filled with a saline solution using a vacuum, then a membrane of polyvinyl alcohol gel is formed by short-term passage of the PVA solution through the channels of the monoblock.

Claims (1)

CLAIM A device for perfusion blood detoxification, including a cylindrical body with nozzles for blood inlet and outlet, an upper and lower cover, a sorbent installed in the body, characterized in that the sorbent is made in the form of a monolithic carbon-silicon cylinder pierced with transport channels that ensure laminar blood flow, and having a system of mesopores, separated from direct contact with blood by a gel membrane of polyvinyl alcohol and filled with saline.