EA029717B1 - Ceramic brick production method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to methods of heat treatment of ceramic products in the process of production thereof, in particular, to brick burning methods, and can be used for production of bricks to be used for household and special purposes. The objective of the proposed invention is lowering the energy consumption in highly productive kilns and reduction of cycle time in production of finished ceramic bricks. The objective is attained by provision of a ceramic brick production method comprising charge mix preparation, forming of plastic raw bricks thereof, transfer of raw bricks to a heating device, brick drying and burning, discharge, packetizing and stacking, wherein, in accordance with the invention, the kiln has channels of slit-like cross-sections that abut on each other with their largest surfaces and are separated by non-solid partitions, heating devices providing uniform heating are arranged in the burning zone, ceramic products move in the burning channel on roller pipes at three height levels, which makes it possible to decrease drastically the burning time and to reduce fuel consumption per unit of burnt products while increasing productivity of the process; wherein, in accordance with the invention, the ceramic brick drying and burning process is divided conventionally into the following periods: first drying at temperatures of up to 120°C, then further rapid heating to a burning temperature of up to 900°C, maturing and hardening with subsequent rapid cooling to 600°C, then slow temperature lowering to 500°C and rapid cooling to 50°C, and the total time of brick manufacture from charging to discharge of finished products is 6 hours.

Description

The invention relates to techniques for heat treatment of ceramic products in the process of their production, in particular to the technique of firing bricks, and can be used for the manufacture of bricks used for household and special purposes. The task of the invention is to reduce energy consumption in furnaces with high productivity and reducing the cycle time of the production of finished ceramic bricks. The task is solved by the fact that in the method of production of ceramic bricks, including preparation of the charge, the formation of plastic raw brick from it and transferring it to a thermal device, drying and burning the brick, unloading, packing and storing, according to the invention, use channels in a furnace with a slit section adjacent to each other by the largest surfaces, separated by non-continuous partitions, containing heating devices in the burning zone, which allow for uniform heating. Ceramic products move in the firing channel along the roller tubes on three tiers in height, which allows to drastically reduce the firing time and reduce fuel consumption per unit of baked products, while increasing the productivity of the process. According to the invention, the process of drying and firing ceramic bricks is conditionally divided into periods: first, drying is carried out to 120 ° C, then further rapid heating to the firing temperature of 900 ° C, ripening of the skull and hardening followed by rapid cooling to 600 ° C, then slowly reducing the temperature to 500 ° C and rapid cooling to 50 ° C, and the total time for making bricks from loading to the output of finished products is 6 hours.

029717 Β1

029717

The invention relates to techniques for heat treatment of ceramic products in the process of their production, in particular to the technique of drying and firing bricks, and can be used for the manufacture of hollow bricks used for household and special purposes.

Ceramic brick (GOST 530-2007) mark "100" is designed for masonry exterior and interior walls and other elements of buildings and structures, as well as for the manufacture of wall panels and blocks. These materials are made from clay and silica (Tripoli, diatomite) rocks, loess, as well as secondary products (coal mining and coal preparation, evils, slags) with or without mineral or organic additives.

Ceramic brick is produced by plastic pressing by extrusion (extrusion) of the mass in the form of a solid bar, followed by cutting it into individual products.

A known method of making bricks, including the preparation of the charge, forming a brick from it and transferring it to a thermal device, drying and firing the brick, unloading, packing and storing. (Chaus KV and others. The production technology of building materials, structures, M .: stroiizdat, 1988, p. 28, 318, 324 - 339).

The disadvantage of this method is that in the tunnel kiln firing is carried out for 18-40 hours at a temperature of 950-1000 ° C.

A known method of manufacturing ceramic bricks in an annular furnace for 30-55 hours at 9501000 ° C. (RF Patent No. 2046772, 1995).

The disadvantage of this method is significantly longer process time in general.

There is a method of moving ceramic products from top to bottom from the heating zone through the burning zone to the cooling zone using a device for burning ceramic articles, laying the products to be fired in a vertical column and moving the products from top to bottom from the heating zone through the burning zone to the cooling zone, where furnaces are vertical passage furnaces, i.e. contain a vertical channel with zones of heating, roasting cooling and design for moving products in the furnace (ed. St. USSR № 429248, 1975).

The disadvantage of this method of movement is the limited (stability requirements) height of the column of products in the burning zone and, consequently, low productivity of the furnace.

The closest to the claimed method is the manufacture of ceramic products, mainly bricks, including the molding of blanks, drying and firing, in the slot and roller furnaces at 1020-1080 ° C, where only firing takes place within 8-12 hours (RF Patent No. 2046772, 1995 ).

The disadvantage of this method is the relatively high time of the entire process of manufacturing ceramic bricks, i.e. Drying itself takes the same amount of time.

The task of the invention is to reduce energy consumption in furnaces with high productivity and reduce the cycle time for the production of finished ceramic bricks.

The problem is solved in that the method of producing ceramic bricks, including preparing the charge, forming plastic brick from it and transferring it to a thermal device, drying and burning a brick, unloading, packing and storing, is characterized in that the invention uses channels in a furnace with a slit-like section, which adjoin each other with the largest surfaces and are separated by non-continuous partitions containing heating devices in the burning zone, which allow to realize uniform heating, where ceramic products move in the burning channel through roller tubes on three tiers in height, which allows to drastically reduce the firing time and reduce fuel consumption per unit of calcined products, while increasing the productivity of the process; According to the invention, the process of drying and firing ceramic bricks is conditionally divided into periods: first, drying is carried out to 120 ° C, then further rapid heating to the firing temperature of 900 ° C, ripening of the skull and quenching followed by rapid cooling to 600 ° C, then a slow decrease in temperature to 500 ° C and rapid cooling to 50 ° C, and the total time for making bricks from loading to the output of finished products is 6 hours.

The essence of the proposed technology of high-speed drying and subsequent firing allows to reduce the time of the technological cycle depending on the shape and size of the product, while there is no need after drying to cool and transfer the product to the furnace cars before transferring them to the zone of gradual heating, and then moving to the burning zone.

Ceramic bricks are made by plastic method, where the clay mass of the Absheron deposit is closed with water (at a moisture content of up to 25%), then extruded from a screw-tailed press, then transferred to a slit-roller tunnel (where drying, firing and cooling to atmospheric temperature take place sequentially).

Technical characteristics of ceramic bricks are designed in accordance with GOST 7484-78 and GOST 530-95 "Brick and ceramic stones facing. Technical conditions".

Thus, the proposed method for the production of bricks, both corpulent and hollow, significantly reduces the total time from raw to final product (in comparison with known methods), while the total production is around ~ 0.5%.

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Claims (1)

CLAIM A method of producing ceramic bricks, which includes preparation of the charge, the formation of plastic raw brick from it and transferring it to a thermal device, drying and burning a brick, unloading, packing and storing, characterized in that channels in a furnace with a slit-like cross section are used, which are adjacent to each other largest surfaces, separated by non-continuous partitions containing heating devices in the burning zone, which allow uniform heating, and the process of drying and calcining the ceramic brick Cha is conventionally divided into periods: first, drying is carried out to 120 ° C, then further rapid heating to the firing temperature of 900 ° C, ripening of the skull and hardening followed by rapid cooling to 600 ° C, then a slow decrease in temperature to 500 ° C and rapid cooling to 50 ° C, and the total time of making bricks from loading to the output of finished products is 6 hours.