EA027559B1 - A method for performing handling operations for heavy cargo transportation in a container - Google Patents

Abstract

Claimed is a method for performing handling operations for heavy cargo transportation in a container in accordance with which a cargo (20) is loaded into a container (40) in the following way: the cargo (20) is placed on a platform (30) positioned at the same level as the bottom of the container (40), in front of the opened end side of the container (40), and sling strips (50) are placed under the cargo (20) across it so that the ends of the sling strips (50) protrude beyond the cargo (20); the cargo (20) is lifted slightly above the surface of the platform (30) using a cargo lifting device fixed on a gantry-type trolley (10) equipped with hoisting means; the gantry-type trolley (10) is rolled, together with the lifted cargo (20), inside the container (40); the cargo (20) is lowered on the bottom of the container (40); the cargo (20) is detached from the lifting device and the gantry-type trolley (10) is rolled out of the container (40). Also disclosed is a gantry-type trolley (10) for transporting a heavy cargo (20) provided with a hoisting device, wherein the trolley comprises two flat frames mounted vertically opposite one another, each frame including at least two posts, the flat frames being linked to each other by a gantry in the transverse direction so that a 3D frame is formed; two pairs of rolling supports carrying flat frames; two pairs of lifting means mounted on the 3D frame on its two sides opposite one another and detachably connected with slings. The invention increases the degree of versatility and repairability of the trolley for loading heavy cargoes, and the method of using the gantry trolley for such loading reduces costs of heavy cargoes carriage in containers.

Description

The present invention relates to equipment and methods for loading and unloading, in particular to trolleys for lifting and lowering heavy and bulky goods with the aim of horizontal loading into standard containers and unloading from them, as well as to a method of horizontally loading or unloading a container using a special carts.

State of the art

Known methods and devices for transporting heavy and bulky goods in standard containers such as a standard 20- or 40-foot container. However, the process of loading such goods into a standard container is quite difficult, especially for goods weighing more than 4 tons and more than 4 m long, such as slabs, heavy machines, etc., which cannot be loaded inside a standard container or unloaded from it with a forklift. Therefore, in practice, special devices in the form of loading and unloading trolleys are used to load heavy and bulky goods into a standard container and unload from it.

As an example, a loading and unloading trolley is known having a two-frame construction, including a support frame and a lifting frame with a hydraulic elevator and supported by running rollers [KI60054Sh, publ. 01/10/2007]. The loading and unloading trolley in the initial state is rolled up under the load installed on pallets, which, in turn, are installed on a flat platform, located at the same level with the bottom of the container close to it. Next, the load is lifted by lifting the lifting frame above the support frame using a hydraulic lift. After lifting the load, the truck with the load is rolled into the container with the help of a loader, then the load is lowered by lowering the lifting frame under its own weight and weight of the cargo. The trolley is rolled out of the container, and the cargo remains inside the container on pallets. Unloading cargo from the container is carried out in the reverse order. This loading technology is selected as a prototype of the claimed method. With this method of loading and unloading, for heavy loads (more than 4 tons), as well as for goods having an irregular shape, special pallets are required that can withstand heavy loads. Also, after loading the cargo into the container, the pallets remain under the cargo in the container, because of which a large number of pallets are required to load a large number of containers, which then follow along with the cargo to the consumer, and their return back to the pallet, which then follows along with the cargo to the consumer , and their return back is not economically feasible, which increases the cost of transportation. Also, the height of the trolley described above is limited by the space under the pallet, which requires a compact small lifting mechanism, which limits its carrying capacity and increases cost. In addition, in the event of a malfunction of the lifting mechanism, for example, jamming, when the load is fully or partially immersed in the container, it is practically impossible to roll out the trolley from under the load.

From the application 1P2000225949L (publ. 15.08.2000), a portal-type trolley for moving heavy loads is known, selected as a prototype of the claimed trolley. This trolley includes: two flat frames mounted vertically opposite each other, each of which includes two racks, and the flat frames are rigidly connected to each other in the transverse direction with the formation of a spatial frame; two pairs of wheels on which flat frames are mounted, respectively; jacks mounted on the spatial frame from its two sides opposite each other in the transverse direction, and made with the possibility of detachable connection with a special frame. A special frame is attached to the cargo from above, which is then fixed to the top of the jacks. With the help of such a trolley it is impossible to transport cargo having a large weight and irregular shape. In addition, in order to fix the special frame on the load, it is required to carry out special connecting elements such as mounting holes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical task of the present invention is to increase the versatility of the method of loading a heavy load into a container and unloading from it by providing the ability to perform loading and unloading operations with various heavy loads of larger weight and larger sizes.

Another technical objective of the present invention is to reduce the cost of transporting heavy goods in containers by eliminating transportation in a container together with a cargo of expensive special handling devices such as special high pallets.

Another technical objective of the present invention is to increase the maintainability of the trolley used for loading and unloading operations, by providing easy access to the nodes and mechanisms of the trolley even during loading and unloading operations.

To solve the technical problems posed, in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of loading and unloading operations for transporting heavy loads in a container, according to which the load is loaded into the container as follows: place the load on a platform located at the same level with the bottom of the container, in front of the open end side of the container, and place a device for lifting the load under the load; lift the load above the surface of the platform with the help of a device for lifting the load, mounted on a trolley equipped with lifting means; roll the trolley with the raised load into the container; lower 1 027559 cabin cargo on the bottom of the container and disconnect the cargo from the device for lifting cargo; roll out the trolley from the container. What is new is that a gantry type trolley is used as a trolley, and at least two slings are used as a device for lifting the load, while: when placing the load on the platform, the slings are placed under the load across it so that the ends of the slings protrude beyond the load moreover, one sling is placed on one side of the cargo, which is located near the container, and the second sling is placed on the other side of the cargo, which is farthest from the container; After placing the slings under the load, the gantry type trolley is placed on the platform with the load so that the load is located between the rolling bearings of the gantry type, then the ends of the slings are attached to the lifting means on both sides of the gantry type trolley, respectively, and the load is lifted from the platform surface with slings with using lifting means so that the load is suspended.

The use of slings and the above-described construction of a portal-type trolley make it relatively easy to load and unload heavy loads of various shapes into a container. Also, the use of slings to cover heavy loads of various shapes and sizes, increases the versatility of the method and reduces the cost of transporting heavy loads in a container, even if such slings are left in the container under load, due to their low cost.

Unloading from the container can be carried out as follows: roll the gantry type trolley into the container and place it so that the load is located between the rolling support of the gantry type trolley, then the ends of the slings are attached to the lifting means on both sides of the gantry type trolley, respectively; lift the load above the surface of the bottom of the container with slings using lifting means so that the load is in a suspended state; the gantry type carriage is rolled out together with the raised load from the container to a platform located at the same level with the bottom of the container in front of the open end face of the container; lower the load to the platform, disconnect the slings from the device for lifting the load and roll the cart type portal from the load.

The load may be elongated, while the elongated load is placed on the platform so that its longitudinal axis is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the container.

The gantry-type cart can be rolled into a container and rolled out of it along two straight guides that can be installed on the platform and / or inside the container on both sides of the cargo.

Two loads can be loaded into a container at the same time, while the first load is placed on the platform, and the second load is placed on the first load, and the slings are placed under the first load.

To solve the technical problems, in another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a portal-type trolley for moving heavy loads, equipped with a device for lifting loads, which includes: two flat frames mounted vertically opposite each other, each of which includes at least two racks, and flat frames are rigidly connected to each other in the transverse direction with the formation of a spatial frame; two pairs of rolling bearings on which flat frames are mounted, respectively, wherein the rolling bearings are arranged to horizontally move the spatial frame in the direction of the planes of the flat frames; two pairs of lifting means mounted on the spatial frame from its two sides opposite each other in the transverse direction, and the lifting means is made with the possibility of detachable connection with the device for lifting the load. New is that flat frames are rigidly connected to each other from above using a portal with the formation of two flat frames and a portal of a spatial frame in the form of a portal frame, while the device for lifting the load is made in the form of at least two slings, and each of them is lifting funds made with the possibility of securing the end of one of the lines.

The use of a portal-type trolley of the above construction, equipped with slings, makes it relatively easy to load heavy loads of various shapes and sizes into a container and unload from it. Also, such a trolley design has high maintainability by providing easy access to components and mechanisms from the outside, even during loading and unloading operations.

Flat frames can be made in the form of rectangular frames, each of which includes two vertical posts connected by two horizontal beams above and below, respectively.

Each of the rolling bearings can be made in the form of one, two or more wheels or rollers.

The rolling bearings can be installed under the vertical posts of the flat frames.

The lifting means can be made in the form of a lifting mechanism with a mechanical, electric or hydraulic drive. It is better if you use four lifting mechanisms mounted on each of the racks, and connected in the transverse direction in pairs with two lifting traverses, respectively. Moreover, each of the racks of the portal frame can be made double of two vertical beams located at a certain distance from each other, and each of the lifting mechanisms is located between the vertical beams of the double rack.

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A trolley may include four hoists mounted on top of a portal frame.

The device for lifting the load can be made in the form of a sling tape.

List of figures of drawings and other materials

The invention is further illustrated by examples using the following figures of the drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portal type trolley according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a general view of a gantry type trolley with a load in an elevated state;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a gantry type trolley according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a simplified view illustrating a cargo area with straps placed thereon;

FIG. 5 is a simplified view illustrating a load stacked on a platform over sling tapes; FIG. 6 is a simplified view illustrating a gantry type trolley with an elevated load located in front of the container;

FIG. 7 is a simplified view illustrating a gantry type trolley with a raised load that is rolled into a container;

FIG. 8 is a simplified view illustrating a gantry type trolley deflated back to the cargo area after loading the cargo into the container.

Information confirming the possibility of using the invention

The invention is further explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the portal type carriage 10 (hereinafter referred to as the carriage) according to one of the embodiments includes two identical rectangular flat frames, each of which consists of two vertical posts 12 and two horizontal beams 11. These rectangular frames are made parallel to each other, with the upper ends vertical posts 12 of one frame are connected to the upper ends of the vertical posts 12 of another frame, respectively, using two transverse beams 13. Each of the vertical posts 12 is made double in the form of two vertical beams, located dix at a certain distance from each other, and each of the transverse beams 13 is configured as a double two transverse horizontal beams located at the same distance from each other. In other words, the frame of the trolley 10 is two portals in the form of U-shaped frames, each of which is formed of a pair of vertical posts 12 connected from above by a transverse beam 13, while the portals are connected to each other by horizontal beams 11c forming a spatial frame with a U-shaped cross section.

A pair of rolling bearings is fixed on the lower part of the flat frames opposite each other, namely, each of the rolling bearings is made in the form of a pair of rollers 14 mounted directly under the vertical posts 12. The rollers 14 are mounted so that the cart can move in the direction of the planes of the flat frames .

In the interval between the two vertical beams of each of the uprights 12, a lifting mechanism 15 is installed. The lifting mechanism 15 in this embodiment is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder (cargo jack), however, any suitable elevator with an electric, hydraulic or manual drive can be used here. Advantageously, when all four lifting mechanisms 15 can act simultaneously. On the upper parts of the elevator, on both sides of the carriage 10, lifting traverses 16 are installed, equipped at the ends with means for securing the ends of the slings (not shown). In addition, the carriage 10 is equipped with thrust beams 17, which are located between the uprights 12 in their upper part. Thrust beams 17 can be made adjustable in height.

The beams of the trolley 10 can be made of suitable steel profiles. The dimensions of the trolley 10 should allow it to be placed inside the container with a small gap, at least in width and height. For example, to load both 20- and 40-foot containers, the following cart sizes 10 can be used: length - 3996 mm; width - 2290 mm; height - 2113 mm.

In FIG. 2 illustrates the trolley 10 described above with the load 20 in elevated condition, equipped with auxiliary devices: cargo area 30 with a pair of horizontal guides 31; a pair of ramps 32 for the possible use of a forklift truck or rolling cart 10 onto a cargo area 30; a pair of auxiliary rails 41 placed in the container during loading or unloading. Guides 31 and 41 can be made of channels of a suitable size.

As shown in FIG. 2, the trolley 10 can be used for simultaneous loading or unloading of two loads 20, one of which is placed on the other using spacer bars of wood or other suitable materials placed between the loads 20 with a certain step.

In FIG. 3 shows a carriage 10 according to another embodiment of the present invention, which is similar to that shown in FIG. 1 for a series of the following differences.

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Each of the transverse beams 13 is made in the form of one transverse horizontal beam, and between the two upper horizontal beams 11 in their central part there are two transverse reinforcement beams 18, which in turn are connected to each other by longitudinal reinforcement beams 19.

The lifting mechanism 15 is made in the form of four electric hoists with cargo hooks, which are mounted on the upper horizontal beams 11 in the area of their connection with the vertical struts

12.

The trolley 10 described above is used as follows.

As shown in FIG. 4, previously a cargo platform 30 with a pair of horizontal guides 31 is installed in front of the open end face of the container 40, a pair of auxiliary guides 41 are laid on the bottom of the container 40 along its side walls with a small gap so that they are joined with the horizontal guides 31, being their continuation. Obviously, the height of the supporting surface of the horizontal rails 31 must correspond to the height of the supporting surface of the auxiliary rails 41. A pair of ramps 32 are installed on the side of the cargo platform 30, the opposite side adjacent to the container 40. Next, the sling tape 50 is placed on the cargo platform 30 across it so so that the ends of the lines protrude beyond the horizontal guides 31, and one sling tape 50 is placed on one side of the cargo area 30, which is located near the container 40, and the second sling tape that 50 is placed on the other side of the cargo area 30, which is farthest from the container 40.

As shown in FIG. 5, place the load 20 on the load platform 30 on the sling straps 50 between the horizontal guides 31. It should be noted that the sling straps 50 should be located on both sides of the center of gravity of the load 20 in the direction of its longitudinal axis.

The load 20 shown in FIG. 5 is a slab, i.e. metal bar in the form of an elongated parallelepiped. Obviously, when loading this category of cargo, their longitudinal axis should be aligned with the longitudinal axis of the container 40. The tests showed that the present invention allows loading slabs weighing up to 20 tons with a width of up to 1800 mm, a height of up to 1650 mm, and a length limited by length container. However, the present invention allows loading almost any heavy loads into containers, such as machine tools, forgings, logs, steel coils, and the like. For some heavy loads, it may just be necessary to use slings of a certain configuration that matches the characteristics of the shape of the heavy load.

As shown in FIG. 6, the trolley 10 can be rolled onto the loading platform 30 via ramps 32 and then along the horizontal rails 31 manually or with a small forklift so that the trolley 10 is above the central part of the load 20.

Alternatively, previously the load platform 30 together with the trolley 10 can be installed in front of the container 40 with a crane, after which the trolley 10 is rolled inside the container 40 onto the auxiliary guides 41, after which the sling straps 50 are laid on the load platform, as shown in FIG. . 4, and after placing the cargo 20 on the cargo area 30, the carriage 10 is rolled out of the container 10 along the auxiliary rails 41 and the horizontal rails 31 so that the carriage 10 is above the central part of the cargo 20.

Further, the ends of the sling straps 50 protruding from under the load 20 are fixed on four means for securing the ends of the slings of the four lifting mechanisms 15 of the trolley 10, respectively.

For example, for the construction of the trolley 10 shown in FIG. 1, the ends of the sling tapes 50 are led into ratchet mechanisms (not shown), made on both sides of the lifting traverse 16 and serving as means for securing the ends of the slings, and pull the sling tapes 50 using ratchet mechanisms to tension the sling tapes 50.

Alternatively, for the structure of the trolley 10 shown in FIG. 3, the ends of the sling tapes 50 are pre-equipped with loops that are suspended on the hooks of four electric hoists, respectively, after which the sling tapes 50 are pulled using these electric hoists to tension the sling tapes 50.

Next, lift the load 20 above the surface of the cargo area 30 and above the horizontal rails 31 to a height of 50-100 mm due to four lifting mechanisms 15 using sling straps 50 simultaneously from all sides. In this case, for example, for the construction of the trolley 10 shown in FIG. 1, the load 20 can be raised so as to abut against the stop beams 17 from two sides, as shown in FIG. 2, to prevent the possible swinging of the load 20 when it is moved together with the trolley 10.

It should be noted here that the ends of the sling belts 50 are preferably secured to the means of securing the ends of the slings at least above the center of gravity of the load 20, and preferably above the upper part of the load 20, which not only reduces the likelihood of the swinging of the load 20 when it moves with the trolley 10 , but also redistributes the forces acting on the frame of the trolley 10 from the load 20 through the sling tape 50, acting mainly in the vertical direction with a decrease in the horizontal component.

Further, the trolley 10 together with the raised load 29 is rolled inside the container 40 along the horizontal guides 31 and the auxiliary guides 41, as shown in FIG. 7. Conducted tests on the design of the trolley shown in FIG. 1, showed that for rolling cargo 20 weighing up to 20 tons into the container 40, the efforts of four workers are sufficient. However, a light forklift can also be used for these purposes.

Next, lower the load 20 on the bottom of the container 40 using lifting mechanisms 15, disconnect the ends of the sling straps 50 from the means of securing the ends of the slings, and roll the cart 10 out of the container 40, as shown in FIG. 8, after which auxiliary guides 41 are removed from the container 40. Here, the sling tapes 50 can either be left inside the container 40 under the load 20 for the purpose of their use for unloading the cargo 20 after delivery of the cargo 20 in the container 40 to the destination using a similar portal gantry type, or removed from the container 40, while the load 20 is lowered on the bottom of the container 40, laying between them cushioning devices such as cushioning bars.

Thus, the load 20 is ready for transportation in the container 40, or another load can be additionally stacked on one load 20 (or stacked side by side in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction) by repeating the above loading operations for the subsequent transportation of two or more goods.

Unloading of the cargo 20 from the container 40 at the destination is carried out in the reverse order.

It should be understood that the above examples are used only to illustrate the possibility of carrying out the invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of legal protection presented in the claims, while a person skilled in the art is relatively simple to implement other variants of the invention within the framework of this claims.

Claims (13)

CLAIM 1. A method of performing loading and unloading operations for transporting heavy loads in a container, according to which the load is loaded into the container as follows: place the load on the platform, located at the same level with the bottom of the container, in front of the open end face of the container and place a device for lifting the load under the load; lift the load above the surface of the platform using a device for lifting cargo, mounted on a trolley, including two U-shaped flat frames mounted vertically opposite each other, connected to each other in the transverse direction, with the formation of a spatial frame, each of the flat frames includes two pairs of rolling bearings; roll the trolley with the raised load into the container; lower the load on the bottom of the container and disconnect the load from the device for lifting cargo; the trolley is rolled out of the container, characterized in that a portal-type trolley is used as a trolley, in which flat frames are rigid and rigidly connected to each other from above by horizontal beams with the formation of a rigid spatial portal frame, while the device for lifting the load is made in the form of at least at least two slings, preferably sling tapes, made with the possibility of detachable connection, with lifting means located at the two ends of the portal frame; while the rolling bearings are made with the possibility of horizontal movement of the spatial frame in the direction of the planes of the arrangement of the flat frames, the spatial portal frame; moreover, when placing the cargo on the platform, the slings are placed under the load across it so that the ends of the lines protrude beyond the cargo, and one line is placed on one side of the cargo, which is located near the container, and the second line is placed on the other side of the cargo, which is the most remote from the container ; After placing the slings under the load, the gantry-type trolley is placed on the platform with the load so that the load is located between the rolling bearings of the gantry-type trolley, then the ends of the slings are attached to the lifting means on both sides of the gantry-type trolleys, respectively, and they lift the load over the surface of the platform with slings using lifting means so that the load is in limbo. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for unloading the cargo from the container to the platform, the portal type trolley is rolled into the container and placed so that the load is located between the rolling bearings of the portal type trolley, then the ends of the slings are attached to the lifting means on both sides gantry type trolleys respectively; lift the load above the surface of the bottom of the container with slings using lifting means so that the load is in a suspended state; the gantry type carriage is rolled out together with the raised load from the container to a platform located at the same level with the bottom of the container in front of the open end face of the container; lower the load to the platform, disconnect the slings from the device for lifting the load and roll the cart type portal from the load. - 5 027559 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cargo is placed on the platform so that its longitudinal axis is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the container. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the portal-type trolley is rolled into a container and rolled out of it along two straight guides that are installed on the site and / or inside the container from two sides of the load. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that two loads are loaded into the container at the same time, while the first load is placed on the platform, and the second load is placed on the first load, and the slings are placed under the first load. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the said U-shaped flat frames are made in the form of rectangular frames, each of which includes two vertical posts connected by two horizontal beams above and below, respectively. 7. The method according to PP.1 and 6, characterized in that each of the rolling bearings is made in the form of one, two or more wheels or rollers. 8. The method according to PP.6 and 7, characterized in that the rolling bearings are installed under the vertical racks of flat frames. 9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the lifting means is made in the form of a lifting mechanism with a mechanical, electric or hydraulic drive. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that it includes four lifting mechanisms mounted on each of the racks. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the lifting mechanisms are connected in the transverse direction in pairs with two lifting traverses, respectively. 12. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that each of the racks of the portal frame is made of two of the two vertical beams located at a certain distance from each other, with each of the lifting mechanisms located between the vertical beams of the double rack. 13. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that it includes four hoists mounted on the upper part of the portal frame.