EA012689B1 - Combing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, to grain harvesters, and in particular to combing devices, and is directed to solving the problem of reducing losses of grains and seeds and simplifying the design of a combing device. The essence of the invention consists in that sealing and piloting removable shields are mounted on the deflector and cover of the combing device body, and the top back part of the assembling and transporting chamber has a gap arrangement for the air outlet, over which an air distributing reflector is mounted. A gap arrangement can be made in the back wall of the body, in the side plates thereof, between the body and cover, and it can also be adjustable.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, to grain harvesting machines, in particular to combing devices, and can be used for stripping plants on the vine.

Stripping devices are widely used for harvesting the apex, the productive part of cereal plants, leguminous crops, grass seed plants. Stripping devices typically include a housing with beams, rear, bottom and side walls, auger, deflector, roof, which comb the working body in the form of one or more rotors. The deflector, the roof and the side walls of the hull form a stripping chamber, and the hull with the back, bottom, side walls and the roof form a collecting chamber. The rotor with the teeth rotates in the combing chamber at high speed and creates a fairly powerful air flow. This air stream together with the combed ears, grain, particles of straw and chaff, small dust-like particles is directed by the deflector, the roof and side walls into the collecting chamber to the auger. Increased air pressure is created in the collecting chamber. If the collecting chamber is open, the air flow is free to leave the enclosure. As a rule, an open chamber is made above the auger and covered with a grill or mesh. This prevents the removal of ears and grain, but does not prevent the exit of air flow, dust of straw particles and small weed seeds. But at the same time there is a large dust content in the working area of the unit, especially above the auger. Because of this, dust and plant residues accumulate on the housing of the stripper, its roof, which impairs its appearance. Dust makes it impossible to observe the operation of the auger, contaminates the stripping device, protective filters of the combine, the glass of the cabin. Productivity decreases as it is necessary to periodically stop the combine and clean the windows and filters. Additional labor costs are required for interseasonal storage, since it is necessary to apply additional measures to protect the combing device. An open assembly chamber and a mesh allow for the ingress of rain and snow into the hull, which leads to corrosion of the internal parts.

Recently, they began to produce strippers with a closed housing. An assembly chamber in such a device is closed by a roof. This reduces dustiness; the housing of the stripper is securely closed against ingress of precipitation and foreign objects. Air under increased pressure exits the housing into the gaps between the roof and the deflector, as well as between the rotor and the wall of the collecting chamber. In this case, a vortex air flow occurs in the housing, which carries grain and ears from the collecting chamber, and a stream of air carries particles of straw, weed seeds, feeble grains, and ears from the collecting chamber. In addition, the closed collection chamber reduces the suction air flow at the inlet to the nozzle chamber, which also increases losses and impairs the reliability of the process.

Thus, there is a contradiction: if the collecting chamber is open, the air flow is well organized, but there is dustiness in the working area of the combine, the storage conditions of the machine deteriorate, if it is closed, then the dustiness is low, but the losses increase and the reliability of the weaning process decreases.

A device for threshing crops on the vine is known (USSR author's certificate No. 1165278, Ά01Ό41/08, published 07.07.1985, bulletin No. 25). The device includes a housing in which two striking drums and a screw are installed, a drive mechanism. To exit the air flow generated by the drums, a mesh is installed in the back of the case.

The disadvantages of this combing device are the following: unsatisfactory organized air flow and the flow of the combed heap inside the casing leads to grain losses - air and the heap move along the wall, fall into the zone of action of the auger, which rotates in the direction opposite to the heap, the auger throws the heap through itself, part of it falls on the rotating rotor and is removed from the collecting chamber;

when the heap particles move along the rear wall of the case, they block the holes in the grid, thus the presence of the grid does not ensure unimpeded release of air outside the case, contributes to the formation of vortices and the removal of grain by the drum outside the collection chamber;

the grid located in the rear part of the housing during operation of the device does not prevent the passage of dust particles that contaminate the stripping device, protective filters of the combine, cab glass, additional labor costs are required to clean the glasses, the combing device and the combine;

the used wire mesh is worn out with a moving pile, it corrodes and quickly becomes unusable, replacing the mesh increases the cost of operating the combing device;

during interseasonal storage of the device, the mesh passes sediments in the form of rain and snow, which leads to corrosion of the internal parts, and requires additional measures of protection during storage.

Known harvesting unit (US patent No. 5519989, Ά01Ό 45/00, published 28.05.1996). The harvesting unit strikes grain crops on the vine. It includes a housing forming a combing and collecting chamber in which a stripping rotor, a rotating roller, a screw, a deflector, a roof and drive mechanisms are housed.

The disadvantages of the harvesting unit is the following:

poor organization of the air flow in the stripper leads to neochem grain losses, especially when harvesting laid plants;

high dustiness in the working area of the unit, especially above the auger, leads to pollution

- 1 012689 of the landing device, cabin glasses, protective filters of the combine;

additional labor costs for cleaning the unit every shift, protective filters of the combine, cab glasses from dust and plant debris;

additional labor costs and devices are needed to protect the auger and the collecting chamber during long-term storage from ingress of dust, dirt, sediment and foreign objects.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is a cleaning device (US patent No. 5678397, Α01Ό45/02, published 11/21/1997). The harvesting machine is designed for cleaning grain crops by towing and includes a body in which the working parts of the machine are placed: rotor, swing conveyor, auger, deflector, roof, drive mechanisms. The roof closes the assembly chamber and the auger. Such a device of the hull and roof allows to reduce grain losses, to avoid the release of dust from the collecting chamber, to avoid the ingress of moisture and foreign objects into the machine during storage, to improve the operating conditions and appearance of the device.

The disadvantages of this harvesting machine are the following:

a swirling air flow occurs in the collecting chamber, which blows grain and ears from the collecting chamber to the rotor, which causes grain losses;

the reliability of the process of towing has deteriorated due to the fact that the intake air flow has weakened at the entrance to the combing chamber;

the release of air from the collecting chamber through the gap between the roof and the deflector leads to contamination of the outer surface of the roof and deflector with dust and plant residues;

the presence of a rocking conveyor, the purpose of which is to transport the combed heap from the rotor to the collecting and transporting chamber, increases the complexity and intensity of the structure;

the auger, covered by the roof, was not visible to the operator, because of which the control over the operation of the device deteriorated.

The aim of the invention is to reduce grain losses and improve the reliability of the technological process of cleaning plants with tow.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that a more powerful and targeted air flow is organized inside the housing of the combing device.

Due to the technical changes made to the combing device, the following positive effects occur:

In the combing chamber, a stronger suction air flow is created, which reduces losses due to better transportation of grains and ears;

suction air flow improves the raising of ears when cleaning laid plants;

vortex airflow inside the housing is reduced, so that the removal of grain from the collecting chamber by the air flow decreases;

the dusty air stream coming out of the combing device is directed downwards by an air-guide reflector and there is effectively extinguished by the combed stubble, thereby reducing the dust content of the working area;

the stripper housing is securely closed against ingress of precipitation and foreign objects;

No plant residues accumulate on the body and the roof, which improves the appearance of the combing device.

The prototype and the claimed invention has the following essential similar features: a body of longitudinal beams, rear, lower walls, side panels;

stripping rotor with teeth;

adjustable deflector;

roof covering the top of the case.

In relation to the prototype, the proposed combing device has the following distinctive features:

in the rear upper part of the collecting and transporting chamber there is at least one slot for the passage of air, over which the air deflector is installed;

the gap is formed by installing the roof with a gap relative to the rear wall of the housing; the combing device contains a mechanism for regulating the size of the slit; air deflector mounted on the roof;

the slot is made in the rear wall of the housing;

at least one slot is made in the end panel of the housing or formed by a gap between the end panel of the housing and the roof;

a guide plate is installed on the inner surface of the roof between the scouring and transporting chambers;

between the deflector and the roof there is a flexible sealing cover;

in the lower part of the case on the edge of the lower wall separating the combing and collecting

- 2 012689 transporting chambers, a toothed sealing shield is installed, the teeth of which are located in the gaps of the rotor teeth trajectories.

These differences ensure the achievement of the following new technical results, reducing grain losses, increasing the reliability of the technological process of harvesting plants with a bat.

In order to create a more stable and focused air flow without turbulence in the stripper, additional shields are introduced into its design. A flexible flap is installed between the roof and the deflector. It seals the casing and prevents air from escaping from the gap between the roof and the deflector. The second shield is installed on the edge of the roof. It directs the flow of air and the pile into the collecting chamber, under the auger. The third shield is installed at the border of the collecting and collecting chambers, on the edge of the bottom wall of the housing. This flap is made flexible, elastic and serrated. The teeth of this shield are located in the plan just on the trajectories of movement of the rotor teeth cutouts. The teeth of the shield reduce the gap between the edge of the collecting chamber and the rotor and the exit of the air flow in this direction. Thanks to the flaps, the air flow generated by the rotor in the housing becomes steady and strengthened (new technical result).

A serrated plate mounted on the edge of the lower wall of the housing reduces the gap between the rotor teeth and the wall of the collecting and transporting chamber. Due to this, the toothed shield prevents the removal of grains and spikes from the collecting and transporting chamber into the gap between the rotor and the wall. Flexible elastic teeth of the shield knock down the ears stuck in the gaps of the teeth, and throw them in the direction of the screw. Thus, the shield reduces the loss of grain (new technical result).

Flexible elastic teeth of the shield knock down the ears, stuck in the gaps of the teeth, toss them in the direction of the auger. The teeth move the heap from the rotor into the collecting and transporting chamber, performing the function of a rocking prototype conveyor. However, due to the absence of a drive mechanism, the transport body is extremely simple in design. Due to this, the design of the combing device is simplified (new technical result).

In order to ensure the exit of the air flow from the housing to the combing device, a slit is made in it to allow air to escape. Moreover, the air outlet channel can be made in various designs: with the direction of the air flow into the gap between the housing and the roof, with the direction of the air flow into special slots in the upper part of the housing of the collecting chamber; with the direction of air flow in the slots on the end panels of the housing. This expands the possibilities and allows you to choose the option for a device with different widths and for harvesting different crops (new technical result).

To prevent dusting of the combing device, a reflector is installed near the air vent. The reflector changes the direction of the outgoing air flow, directing it down to the combed stubble. Peeled stalks, which are in the path of the air flow, act as a speed quencher for this flow. The stems break the air flow into many microflows, which, colliding with each other, lose energy and speed. Since the outgoing air flow is saturated with dust, microparticles of straw and chaff, combed with a stalk is an adsorbent of these particles. Thus, the air flow directed to the combed stubble with the help of a reflector reduces dustiness in the working area (new technical result).

The slots in the stripper are also located in a special way. The exit of the air flow beyond the limits of the collecting and transporting chamber is organized so that it does not lead to the removal of particles of the pile from the body. For this purpose, in the present invention, a resource such as gravitational forces is used. Gravitational forces prevent particles from lifting up. Therefore, the slot is located in the upper rear part of the collecting chamber above the auger. A removable strap on the body prevents the auger blades from rising above it. Thus, the number of particles combed heap over the screw is minimal. In this case, the gap in different designs can be formed by the roof and the hull, located in the side walls of the hull and roof, or in the rear upper part of the hull. It is from the top of the hull space that the air flow is organized outside it. This ensures minimum removal of grain and seeds with airflow, minimum losses (new technical result).

The slit of the air outlet channel with the release of air under the roof can change the size, i.e. be adjustable. For this purpose, a lock is made on the body that holds the roof at the desired height. This allows you to create an air flow that is more flexibly adjustable to cleaning conditions. For example, when harvesting wet rice, the gap may increase, and for harvesting lightweight grass testers, it may decrease. Thanks to the adjustments, it is possible to adjust the technological process of towing when harvesting different crops and reduce the loss of grain and seeds (new technical result).

The foregoing indicates that there is a causal relationship between the distinctive features and the technical result. According to the information available to the applicant, the proposed set of essential features that characterize the essence of the invention is not known in the art, therefore, the invention meets the novelty criterion. The essence of the claimed invention should not be for the expert in the obvious way from the prior art. The combination of features that characterize known devices does not ensure the achievement of new properties, only

- 3 012689 distinctive features allows to obtain new properties, new technical result. Therefore, the proposed device meets the criterion of inventive step.

The invention is illustrated graphic materials:

in fig. 1 - stripper with shields and a gap between the roof and the body;

in fig. 2 - stripper with shields and a slot in the rear of the case;

in fig. 3 - stripping device with a gap between the roof and the side panel of the housing.

The stripping device (FIGS. 1-3) includes a housing 1, a rotor 2, a deflector 3, a roof 4, a screw 5. The housing 1 is formed by longitudinal beams 6, two end panels 7, rear 8 and lower 9 walls. Stripping rotor 2 and screw 5 are mounted on end panels 7 of housing 1 in bearings (not shown in Fig. 1-3). The auger delivers the combed heap and grain to the conveyor of the inclined chamber 10. The air flow is shown in FIG. 1-3 in the form of dotted arrows. To create a targeted air flow in the stripper, a sealing shield 11 is installed between the deflector and the roof, a guide shield 12 on the roof, a toothed shield 13 on the edge of the bottom wall 9. The slot and the air deflector form an air vent 14. In FIG. 1 shows a slit which is formed by a gap between the roof 4 and the upper beam 6 of the housing 1. The air deflector shield 15 can be fixed either on the roof 4 or on the rear wall 8 of the housing 1. In this case, the size of the gap between the roof and the housing can be adjusted (mechanism regulation in Fig. 1 is not shown). FIG. 2 shows a slit, an air vent 14 and an air deflector 15, which are provided in the rear wall 8 of the housing 1. In FIG. 3 shows a slit and an air vent 14, which are provided between the roof and the side panel of the housing. The air deflector plate 15 can also be installed on the side edge of the roof 4 and on the panel of the housing 7.

The proposed stripping device works as follows. When the combing device is moving across the field, the height-adjustable baffle 3 deflects the ears and stalks of the combed plants forward in the direction of travel. The teeth of the rotor 2 comb the stems of plants in the direction from butt to the top. When this rotating rotor 2 creates under the deflector 3 vacuum and suction air flow. Due to the discharge and elasticity of the stems, they are pressed against the outer surface of the rotor. The teeth during the rotation of the rotor 2 cut off the ears, beans or panicles and thresh from them part of the grain. The torn-off parts and the grinded grain are thrown forward upward by the teeth and, moving along the inner surface of the deflector 3, the flap 11, the roof 4, the flap 12 to the end panels of the housing 7, moves from the combing chamber to the collecting and transporting chamber. When this flap 12 installed on the inner surface of the roof, directs the air flow and the pile into the collecting and transporting chamber between the bottom wall of the housing 9 and the screw auger 5. The flap 11 prevents air from leaking into the gap between the roof and the deflector, and due to this there is a decrease in pressure and airspeed

The gear flap 13 mounted on the bottom wall 9 of the housing 1 has a minimum gap between the rotor, its teeth and the wall 9. This contributes to the creation by the rotor of a more powerful air flow. Gear flap 13 prevents the removal of grains and spikes from the collecting and transporting chamber into the gap between the rotor and the wall.

A pile moving along the inner wall of the deflector 3, the roof 4, the flap of the roof 12, falls into the gap between the bottom wall of the housing 9 and the screw pipe 5. The turns of the screw 5 transport the pile to the center of the collecting and transporting chamber to the conveyor of the inclined camera 1. Airflow passing through a layer of pile under the screw, partially loses its speed, while it creates pressure, which moves the pile on the bottom wall of the housing under the screw. Bending around the auger pipe 5, the air flow moves upwards and enters the upper rear part of the body under the roof. Between the roof 4 and the beam of the housing 6 there is a gap through which the air flow leaves the housing of the combing device. Opposite the slit, on the roof, or on the body, there is an air-reflecting shield 15, which directs the air flow back and down in the direction of the peeled stems. According to the second embodiment of the design, a slit is created in the rear upper part of the body, and the air flow by the reflector 15 is also directed to the peeled off plant stalks. According to the third embodiment of the design, a slit is created in the rear upper part of the body, between the side panels of the body 7 and the roof 4, and the air flow by the reflector 15 is directed down to the combed stems.

Peeled stalks thickly stand on the surface of the soil and represent a structure similar to a brush. Peeled stalks effectively quench the speed of the air flow, absorb dust, particles of straw and chaff. Due to this, the dust content in the working area of the stripper is reduced.

The use of the proposed stripping device will reduce the loss of grain and seeds, improve the reliability of the process of cleaning plants with tow. At the same time, labor costs for operating the header and the combine will be reduced.

Strippers are manufactured and used in agricultural production. Therefore, the proposed changes will not cause technical difficulties in production.

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Information sources.

1. USSR author's certificate for invention number 1165278, Α01Ό 41/08, publ. 07/07/1985, Byul. No. 25

2. US patent No. 5519989, Α01Ό 45/00, publ. 05/28/1996.

3. US patent No. 5678397, Α01Ό 45/02, publ. 11/21/1997.

Claims (9)

CLAIM 1. A stripping device comprising a body formed by two end panels for installing a stripping rotor and auger, rear and lower walls forming the working volumes of the stripping and collecting and transporting chambers, the walls of the body being attached to the outer surface of the end panels and frame beams, and the deflector and the roof is closed by combing and collecting and transporting the camera, respectively front and top, characterized by the fact that at least one slot is made in the rear upper part of the collecting and transporting chamber air passage, over which the air deflector is installed. 2. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the slot is formed by installing a roof with a gap relative to the rear wall of the housing. 3. Stripping device according to claim 2, characterized in that it additionally contains a mechanism for regulating the gap gap. 4. Stripping device according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the reflector is mounted on the roof. 5. Stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the slot is made in the rear wall of the housing. 6. Stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one slit is made in the end panel of the housing or is formed by a gap between the end panel and the roof. 7. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that a guide plate is installed on the inner surface of the roof between the stripping and collecting-transporting chambers. 8. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that a flexible sealing shield is installed between the deflector and the roof. 9. The stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the housing on the edge of the lower wall separating the combing and collecting-transporting chambers, there is a toothed shield, the teeth of which are located in the gaps of the rotor teeth trajectories.