EA012151B1 - Method and device for the production of insulation elements from mineral fibres - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for production of insulating boards from mineral fibres, comprising at least one elasticised lateral surface and/or at least one elasticised lateral surface region. According to the invention, a method for a simple and economical production of insulation elements, in particular insulation boards which are elasticised in a region of at least one lateral surface may be achieved, whereby the elastication is achieved by local compression and/or local separation of at least on lateral surface and/or at least one lateral surface region of the insulation element, in particular, the insulation board.

Description

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing insulating elements, in particular mineral fiber insulating boards with at least one elasticized side edge and / or at least one elasticized side edge section. The invention further relates to a device for the manufacture of insulating elements, in particular mineral fiber insulating boards with at least one elasticized side edge and / or at least one elasticized side edge section.

On the market, mineral wool or insulating materials from mineral fibers are usually divided into insulating materials from fiberglass and insulating materials from mineral fibers. Whenever possible, insulating materials from slag fibers and insulating materials from so-called hybrid fibers are also used. These concepts are more or less characterized, for example, by various chemical compositions, manufacturing methods, and characteristics at elevated temperatures. For greater clarity, insulating materials made of fiberglass include such insulating materials, the melting point of which in accordance with ΌΙΝ 4102, part 17 is <1000 ° C, and insulating materials of mineral fibers are those whose melting point is below the specified indicator.

Mineral fiber insulation materials consist of glassy hardened fibers that are only partially and then predominantly connected to each other at individual points using solid, that is, hot binder stiffening agents.

Fiberglass insulation materials and other mineral fiber products obtained using similar methods for processing liquid slag into slag filaments (hybrid fibers) are almost free or contain only a small amount of non-fibrous components.

When melts are processed to produce insulating materials from mineral fibers, for example, by means of a cascade spinning machine, one-wheel rotors, or by the method of air drawing, a large number of fiber-free particles are formed, of which, as a rule, from about 25 to 35 wt.% remain in the appropriate insulating material. Non-fibrous components are understood to be pronounced spherical particles, as well as stalked, coarse-fibered, lamellar bodies or the like, which are welded or glued together with each other.

Fibers of insulating materials are bonded, as a rule, using organic binders, in particular thermosetting curable synthetic resins. It was further revealed that mixtures of phenolic, formaldehyde and urea resins, which are also cheaper materials and which, if necessary, are diluted with polysaccharides, also proved to be particularly suitable as a binder.

The content of organic binders in the insulating materials is limited in order to provide an elastic-spring characteristic of the pulp and to provide classification for non-combustible building materials, but also in order to reduce the manufacturing costs that increase as a result of the use of organic binders.

Due to high prices, for example, principally suitable organic modified silanes are rarely used.

The standard, commercially available fiberglass-based insulation materials or the mentioned hybrid fiber-based insulation materials contain synthetic resin in the range of about 4 to 8% by weight, for example, mineral fiber-based insulation material is made using a cascade fiberizing machine up to about 4.5 wt.% of this synthetic resin. In the field of the use of insulating materials based on hybrid fibers, appropriate binders are used. These values of the mass-binder are extremely insufficient, all fibers whose average diameters are from about 3 to 8 microns are bonded to each other. This is true, in particular, for the trend of decreasing average fiber diameters by about 2 to 4 microns. Therefore, numerous fibers are contained only in clusters formed by interconnected fibers, or in gaps. Accumulations of finely ground wastes of insulating material formed during the manufacturing process of insulating materials are attached to these initially free fibers when laying insulating material or act as missing parts and are attached to it. Due to the surface tension of droplets of the binder, in combination with the action of additives, the binder is drawn back into the sinuses between the points of contact of the fibers or locally located in the form of a thin film on the surface of individual fibers. Most particles that are not in the form of fiber are not coated with a binder.

The standard mineral fiber insulating materials available on the market, as a rule, contain additives along with binders. These additives are primarily used to impart water-repellent properties to the pulp. For this purpose, high boiling aliphatic mineral oils are added to the pulp in their original form or in the form of water-oil emulsions. Given the potential environmental impact, silicone oils or silicone resins are used much less frequently, despite their even more effective action.

- 1 012151

Despite the fact that the content of, for example, mineral oils is only from about 0.2 to 0.4 wt.% And with complete and uniform wetting of the surface of the fibers, the thickness of the layers cannot exceed just a few nanometers, their water-repellent ability in insulating materials proven in practice. In addition, the fact is not excluded that the components of the gases released during combustion during the curing of synthetic resins will be deposited on the fibers. The surface of the fibers is olefilic and can capillary absorb oil. Greasy coatings cause them, in particular, to stick together and thus lead to the fact that light fibers, as well as fragments of fibers will adhere to each other. Weak forces of the boundary surfaces will thus be sufficient to reduce to a certain extent the degree of dust release from the insulating materials during their processing. Wetting of the fibers with binders and additives dissolved in water should be carried out immediately after their formation, but in any case, before the fibers coalesce into large lumps or stick together into agglomerates as a result of the inevitable concentration of moisture and, accordingly, a binder. Flakes or similar agglomerates act in the form of filters that prevent the uniform distribution of the added additives. As a result of the fineness of the fibers, they must be dispersed very carefully. In the technical implementation of these aspects, deviations constantly occur, as a result of which regularly sections with accumulation of a binder are regularly formed in insulating materials, as well as areas in which a binder is completely absent.

The fibers impregnated with non-hardened binders and additives are transported in the air stream and, ultimately, are directed downward in the direction of the slowly moving breathable transporting device and are laid directly on it. In this case, the fibers are layered on top of each other without any direction flat and in a loose state. The collected fibrous web is finally compressed to the required thickness mainly only in the vertical direction. The specific mass flow of fibers and the height of the endless fiber web determine the apparent specific gravity obtained from it after hardening in a heating cabinet for curing the web of insulation material.

In the production of mineral fiber insulating materials using high-performance cascade spinning machines, the direct collection of fibrous webs is unacceptable. Here, under the influence of a strong air flow in the prefabricated chambers, very thin impregnated webs of fibrous material are formed. Flakes of fibers and partially also individual fibers in these primary fibrous webs are clearly oriented in the transport direction. In conclusion, these webs of fibrous material using a conveyor with a swinging pendulum drive are looped across the second, also slowly moving conveyor to the desired height. Separate loops are thus positioned at an angle and at flat angles overlapping with the horizontal axis on the conveying device, which most often consists of a roller conveyor. In order to close both loops slightly open at the side, which are formed as a result of rotation in the loops, and to compress the laid pulp, it is possible, along with vertical flattening, to also produce not strong horizontal flattening of the impregnated secondary web of fibrous material. As a result of this, folds are expressed, expressed to a greater or lesser extent, whose axes naturally extend across the direction of movement. This structure is fixed again in the oven by curing or hardening the binder.

The heating cabinet is equipped with two conveying devices located one above the other, which are made for the most part from plate-type rigid compression plates connected to an endless belt. The longitudinal edges of these plates have a smooth or serrated shape, while the teeth of two adjacent plates go into each other. The gaps remaining between the plates are thus either even or have a zigzag shape. The compression surfaces of the plates with a width of about 15 to 20 cm are provided with round or longitudinal holes, the diameter and width of which is often about 5-7 mm. The longitudinal holes may have a length of, for example 35 mm, and be offset from row to row relative to each other, or extend in parallel rows over almost the entire width of the plates.

An endless web of fibrous material can be compressed to the required thickness using the ribbons of the heating cabinet. However, often a web of fibrous material undergoes structuring before the oven and is compressed to the required thickness. Under the action of pressure, which is applied to the web of fibrous material in a heating cabinet, individual fibers are pressed into the seams between the plates and the holes on their surface. As a result of the so-called (quasi) expansion in the seams and holes in these areas, the apparent density of the web of fibrous material decreases. In the areas located in the gap, this apparent density increases in areas close to the surface. The expression of these elevations primarily depends on the apparent density and content of the binder and, in addition, on the length of the fibers, their orientation with respect to the openings of the heating cabinet tapes and the joints between the plates. At high apparent densities made of a fibrous web material, the bulges are pointed

- 2 012151 shape, and at a lower apparent density they are less pronounced, however, they are almost uniform and have a height of about 2.5 to 3 mm. The small height of the elevations already exhibits limited elasticity and high resistance to the contours of the sheet of insulating material or its surface. Due to the hardening of the binder, it is reduced even more so that the surfaces of the insulation boards subsequently made from the insulating sheet can be matched with uneven surfaces only under high pressures that deform these plates.

To remove residual moisture from the fibrous web, to cure and / or harden the binder in the vertical direction, therefore, in the direction of thickness, heated air is passed through the fibrous web through suction, usually to a temperature above 200 ° C. When the binder is cured, an infinite impregnated fibrous web is transformed into an endless web of insulating material. Mixtures of phenol, formaldehyde, and urea resins that are colorless in the uncured state are painted yellowish-brown as a result of heat treatment and impart insulating materials depending on the intrinsic color of the glass fibers, fiber size, non-fibrous components, the absolute content of the binder and their distributions, respectively, characteristic intrinsic coloration.

The endless web of insulating material in the region of the longitudinally extending side surfaces is cut off, so that at least parallel side surfaces that are substantially parallel to one another are formed. For this purpose, use circular saws or, alternatively, high pressure pumps that form a thin and strong water jet.

The resulting waste in an amount of from about 3 to 5 wt.% After grinding it again returns to the collection chambers. The usual net line width of insulating sheets is for the most part 2 m, less often 2.4 m, and fiberglass lines, as a rule, 2.5 m. The construction of production lines of greater width due to the already heavy distribution of fibers during direct collection, but also and due to a rather complicated design, for example, curing tapes for curing, it is currently not economically feasible.

After exiting the curing oven for curing, depending on the apparent density and on the internal deformation of the pulp, a very slight expansion of the insulating material web is first observed, as a result of which part of the internal stresses is already reduced. To cool an endless web of insulating material, air is finally passed through it at room temperature.

Both large surfaces of the sheet of insulating material are distinguished by a characteristic feature in the form of elevations, as mentioned above. To distinguish between subsequently made dividing surfaces, these surfaces are designated as chasing.

To increase weather resistance, resistance to abrasion and surface roughness, to prevent particles from falling out of insulating materials, as well as to create an optically attractive and, at the same time, sound-transmitting and specific sifting surface open for diffusion, large surfaces of the insulating sheet and insulating plates made from it are lapped, for example, with canvas with an unoriented arrangement of fiberglass, fiberglass or fine-mesh fabric. Instead of a planar structure of glass fibers, equivalent prefabricated structures of polymer fibers can also be used. It is also possible to produce polymer fibers on site in accordance with the description of the invention to AO 93/16 874 and spray directly onto the surface of the insulating material to form a non-woven fabric.

Since these planar structures have sufficient heat resistance, they are often connected to an impregnated endless web of fibrous material before curing to cure one or both large surfaces. The connection is made using the adhesive ability of the binder, which is present in the fibrous web and which, if necessary, is supplemented by impregnation of the planar fibrous structure to be bonded with identical solutions of the binder. With this technology of joining in a heating cabinet for curing due to the pressure created in it, there is an optimal matching of the fibrous web with a planar structure and at the same time drying and hardening of all the binders present in the system. The fibrous structure consisting of long textile glass fibers or thermally stable chemical fibers is either sufficiently rigid or, as is the case in fabrics, is deformed so that it does not press into the joints between the conveyor plates in the curing oven for curing. Large surfaces become smooth and no longer require any further processing. When applied, for example, together with non-woven fiberglass material or even with fiberglass fabrics and even further when gluing them, combustible substances do not change the class of building materials and insulating materials coated with them or change only to a small extent.

For the manufacture of insulating boards of standard sizes, endless insulating sheets of mineral fibers are preferably cut once in the longitudinal direction into two strips,

- 3 012151 and endless fiberglass cloths in most cases into four bands. It goes without saying that the webs of insulating material can be cut into many strips of the same or different widths.

For this purpose, both circular saws and high-pressure water-jet installations are also used.

After that, individual segments are cut from the canvas, which in the production of fiberglass insulation boards correspond in most cases to the length of the plates, but in the production of mineral fiber insulation boards they correspond to the width. As a rule, the size of fiberglass insulation boards is 1.25 m long x 0.6 m or 0.625 m wide, and mineral fiber insulation boards 1.2 m long, 0.6 m wide or 1.0 m long x 0.625 m wide; Before, the format was 1.0 x 0.5 m. Facade insulating boards are usually made from 6 to about 20 cm thick, but if necessary also to about 26 cm. For the manufacture of thin insulating boards, endless webs of insulating material or already cut in the longitudinal direction, the web sections can be divided into two or more thin layers using horizontal saws.

In the event that both outer large surfaces are glued, for example, to a canvas with an unoriented arrangement of fiberglass or other breathable layers, then, as a rule, an average horizontal section is made. Cutting of lightweight and compressible fiberglass insulation boards can be done, for example, with gear knives with a wide and hardened cutting blade. Mineral fiber insulating slab production lines often produce insulating materials with a very wide range of apparent density, for example, from about 23 to 160 kg / m ³ , so cutting devices must be matched to denser and thus more durable insulating materials. Cutting of individual measured lengths over the entire width of the production line is carried out in most cases with the help of so-called synchronously moving transverse saws. High-performance saws are even equipped with two sequentially arranged cutting mills, which for cutting are alternately fed from one side to the sheet of insulating material. During transverse cutting, the saw moves synchronously with the feed rate of the insulating material webs. Thanks to this progressive movement, any pressure on the cutting mill is eliminated. However, when deviating from the corresponding translational movements, despite the most careful coordination of the regulatory bodies and drive devices, violations of rectangularity with respect to length or width may occur. If pressure is additionally applied to the cutters, an oblique cut will also occur in the thickness direction. It goes without saying that a deviation from this angle also leads to a deviation from the right angle between the cutting device and the contact plane of the insulating sheet.

The degree of accuracy achieved in industrialized countries by means of which reproducible regulation of the distance of the tapes into the curing oven is ensured, as well as by which the insulation material can be cut horizontally and vertically, is reflected in the requirements defined in European harmonized standards. For factory-made products of mineral fibers in the European harmonized standard ΌΙΝ ΕΝ 13162, the permissible deviations from the nominal thickness are assigned to different classes. So, for example, facade insulating boards made of mineral fibers in accordance with the standard ΌΙΝ 13162 are assigned to class T3, according to which the maximum deviations of the thickness of -3% (-3 mm) and +10 mm (10%) are allowed. It goes without saying that a deviation from the nominal thickness primarily affects the thermal conductivity B = thickness / thermal conductivity in m ² K / U. The great value of the thermotechnical characteristics of insulating materials is expressed in a very fine classification of thermal conductivity λ from 0.01 \ U / w K, which is already significantly lower than the accuracy of the measuring instruments used for this purpose, as well as the laboratory practice used for this. The permissible limit values of the thickness class T3, mentioned as an example, already lead to the fact that the class λ of insulating material can vary up to four steps.

When determining thermal conductivity, only energy transfer is measured over the thickness of the insulating material, that is, at a right angle to a relatively large surface. Large surfaces remain in their original state, so the formation and location of the hills affect the measured value.

In the event that deviations from the nominal thickness within the batch remain essentially identical, they will not have any negative impact on usability. Insulating boards of various thicknesses within the insulating layer and, first of all, in a layered heat-insulating system have a negative effect, and also primarily if the difference in thickness was not compensated by adhesive layers and finally only thin layers of polymer plaster were stretched. In this case, the differences are clearly manifested.

- 4 012151 in coloration on the outer surface and fine cracks may also form.

Behind the ventilated facade cladding, the minimum gap thickness should be 20 mm, although depending on the location of the lower structural elements, it can be reduced in places to 5 mm. Deviations from the nominal thickness of the facade insulating plates with respect to the functional ability of the ventilation gap, that is, its clear separation from the insulating layer, do not play a significant role.

Insulating boards made of mineral fibers are laid on an insulated surface, usually in dressing, that is, with the exception of transverse joints. Work is carried out, as a rule, from the bottom up, while the longitudinal axis of the insulation boards are arranged horizontally. Insulation boards of the next row to minimize the number of fasteners for insulation boards are shifted, respectively, by half the length relative to the adjacent row. Separate insulating boards or pieces of boards are installed respectively on the bottom row and finally mechanically fixed or glued. To prevent additional loss of thermal energy from the insulated object through open seams between the insulating plates, the width of the insulating plates should practically not deviate relative to each other and deviations from the right angle of all surfaces from three spatial axes should also not occur.

This level of thermal insulation, interconnected with a fine classification of thermal conductivity, does not agree at all with the relevant requirements that are defined in the harmonized European standard ΌΙΝ ΕΝ 13162. Here, the permissible limit values for the nominal values are set within +/- 2% and for widths within +/- 1.5%. Sizing is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the standard ΌΙΝ ΕΝ 822. As a result of laying with dressing, a significant role is played primarily by deviations from the width during the formation of horizontal joints between the insulation boards. Of course, the permissible maximum dimensions given in the standard of +/- 9.4 mm of standard widths during installation will lead to the appearance of joints that will significantly reduce the effectiveness of the insulation layer. Further, the width of the seams depends on deviations from the right angle in the longitudinal and transverse directions, which, when measured in accordance with the requirements of ΌΙΝ ΕΝ 824, should not be more than 5 mm / m. Tolerance from a right angle in the thickness direction has not been established at all. However, with relatively large insulation thicknesses, deviations from the right angle in the thickness direction and usually when the insulation boards are placed in the same direction also lead to a large expansion of the joints.

At present, manufacturers of such insulating boards have also established that when maintaining the maximum permissible deviations from the dimensions or from only one right angle and, in particular, when combining them, low-quality products arise, the defects of which can be eliminated only at high cost and, ultimately not marketable products. However, the deviations of the facade insulation boards available on the market are still approximately +/- 5 m, which, together with deviations from the right angle with respect to the length and width, lead to the appearance of 4 mm per 1000 mm of the length of the side of the contact angle for joints that are important from the point of view of heat engineering.

Since insulating boards of standard sizes are always cut in pairs or in pairs from endless sections of insulating cloth, this is why not all insulating boards are of the same size. Oblique slabs can be rotated 180 ° from row to row to compensate for this to some extent. However, this requires clear labeling of the insulation boards, along which the stackers can orient themselves. Insulating boards are marked for unidirectional installation, as a rule, on mineral fiber cladding panels.

The additional operating costs that result from turning insulating boards are hardly worth considering.

To prevent the formation of open joints between the individual insulation boards, as well as at the same time the flow behind the insulation boards that are not completely adjacent to the base, steps can be made along their edges to create a stepped fold connection between the adjacent insulation boards. Giving such a shape by cutting or milling the edge sections of the insulation boards requires large investments on the one hand and results in a significant increase in waste resulting from a significant increase in the thickness of the insulation boards, so that such a decision, taking into account the acceptable level of cost of such insulation boards, should be limited only to rare special cases .

Deviations from the nominal dimensions and from the right angle of all surfaces relative to each other are already disproportionately large in insulating plates made by an industrial method.

Such negative initial situations are even more intensified as a result of the fact that already at the manufacturing plants additional deformations occur and thereby deviations from the dimensions and from the right angle of all surfaces relative to each other. Already with the usual stacking process, displacement occurs between the individual layers of insulation boards or, for example, between pairs of boards. The protruding edges are later subjected to particularly heavy loads and are deformed as a result. Additional deformation occurs if the insulation boards in front of

- 5 012151 packaging is subjected to elasticization, that is, compress with little effort and finally during packaging, as well as under the action of packaging materials compress and deform. Large packages are often formed using wooden pallets on which several units of packaging are laid. To use the high stiffness of the insulation boards and thus the low spring force parallel to large surfaces, the packaging units are installed vertically. The edges of the insulation boards under load are deformed and are consistent with the boards of the pallets. This protects the stack from slipping, at least in the transverse direction of the pallet, but also leads to deviations from the dimensions. During transportation to construction sites and during the distribution of packaging units on the working scaffolds, insulating boards undergo further deformation or they are already damaged and are still mounted. Moreover, the packaging units serve as a backing or even as a seat.

Further, the insulation boards must be regularly agreed at the place of use with the adjacent building parts or elements of the fastening structure for the facade cladding. The separation into the necessary segments is carried out either on the basis of the scaffolds or when laying the insulating board on the packaging or stack of insulating boards. At the same time, it does not even become clear to a specialist that in this way it is impossible to provide either a flat cut surface or surfaces located at right angles to one another. The free cutting or sawing of thick insulation boards regularly leads to unacceptable oblique cuts in the thickness direction.

In order to close the joints, which cannot be ruled out under the current techno-economical conditions, the insulation boards must be compressed under a certain pressure and deformed at the edges to such an extent that at least narrow, continuous and / or slightly wedge-shaped joints can be closed. . For this, it is necessary to create conditions under which the side surfaces would be completely deformed or deformed with a different degree of deformation. In the presence of fibers that are directed mainly at a right angle to the side surfaces, this deformation is not predefined. In webs of fibrous material with small folds in the direction of production and on manufactured insulating plates, it goes without saying that to a greater extent those side surfaces are oriented that are oriented transversely to them; in mineral fiber insulation boards, these are mostly lateral surfaces along the width.

The document ΌΕ-Α-3203622 describes a method for processing insulating plates of mineral fibers that are embedded between the supporting elements of the structure. This term in the original text should be understood as a supporting element, a beam, a rafter leg, etc., while the list can also be supplemented with racks or edges of walls made of wood. The distances between these load-bearing elements of the structure arise either depending on the features in the place of installation, or depending on the principle of action of the builder, or on the structural dimensions in the manufacture at the factory. Between these load-bearing elements of the building, previously, insulation felt was preferred, while the vapor-permeable layers and surface-tight load-bearing layers on both sides were supplied with so-called extreme slats over the rolling insulation felt several meters long. Using such reinforced edge rails in most cases, the insulating felt is fastened, for example, from the underside of the rafter leg. This insulating felt is usually made in widths of 500, 600, 700, 800 and 1000 mm, while the proposed thickness can be reduced as much as possible. In any case, a minimum of two to four different thicknesses is offered. It is advisable to store at least 20 to 40 different types of insulating felt in a warehouse with well-provided sorting. The proposed widths of insulating felt are thus only compromise solutions, according to which both trade organizations and manufacturers strive to minimize the number of options and the amount of waste in the manufacturing process.

It is necessary to narrow the insulation felt at the construction site so that it can be evenly mounted between the rafters with the accepted overlap from 1 to 2 cm. To facilitate to some extent this labor-intensive process, felt edge rails are proposed in which the insulating felt on one long side is not glued to the carrier layer. Thus, it is prevented that residual insulation material adhering to the carrier layer significantly reduces the tightness of the carrier layer from the room side. Of course, insulating felt tapers, as a rule, not with the necessary accuracy and its significant excess is partially plugged into the intermediate space that occurs between the rafters and the fixed nails passing under them and as a result of which the lining strips pass only to a limited extent or between the lining boards . For this reason, insulating felt material, which exacerbates the deficiencies, must be replaced with sheet elements of mineral fibers.

The document 36-Α-3203622 describes a method for processing sections of insulating boards running parallel to the supporting structure of a structure by mechanical lashing, during which the adhesion between the fibers is at least partially disconnected. According to a preferred embodiment, both passing along the section or only the central section in the insulating board or one mid-longitudinal section displaced to the edge are treated separately or in combination with the edge sections. The separation of the fiber connection can be made in such a way that a larger or smaller part of the fibers also, if necessary, depending on the direction of their position in the fiber layer, is expanded, wave-wise compressed or even torn, while, as a rule, the compounds formed by the binder between the points the contact of the fibers do not trip. These explanations will become clearer only if the corresponding treated section is described in comparison with the untreated section of the insulating board as soft, pliable and easily compressible, despite the way in which fiber adhesion is separated.

Elastification of sections of insulation boards is also designated as a shift in the state of the material beyond the usual hysteresis curves of the corresponding insulation material. It is produced, as a rule, by processing individual plates in suitable devices for this purpose. So, for example, the insulating plates are moved using two pressure transmitting tapes or corresponding rollers, and in this case, compression is performed between the pressure rollers which are adjustable or reciprocate across the direction of movement. No reports were made about the frequency of these lateral movements, which partially relieve tension in the lateral surfaces. Pinch rollers are always placed in pairs on both opposite sides of the insulation boards. It is further provided that several rollers are arranged one after another and act on the lateral surfaces to be softened. The pressure rollers can consist of simple cylindrical rollers or of bodies in the form of a truncated cone and have a concave or semi-elliptical longitudinal cross section, as well as oval or polygonal cross sections. The surfaces of the pinch rollers can be made with a pronounced structuring or profiling. The depth of the indentation of the rollers is about 7.5 cm.

Mineral fiber standard facade insulating panels are usually flat. Already one-sided gluing of a non-shrinking canvas itself with an unoriented arrangement of fiberglass can lead to a slight increase in the edges of the plate in the longitudinal direction. This effect occurs especially after the shrinkage of paint layers applied on one side, glued thermoplastic laminated films or highly heated planar structures of polymer fibers.

The deviation of the plane of the insulating material in accordance with the standard ΌΙΝ ΕΝ 825 is defined as the maximum distance between the test specimens located on a flat substrate with the convex surface pointing upward and this flat substrate. For insulating materials made of mineral fibers, a maximum deviation of 6 mm is allowed.

At one time, they refused to clad external walls with intermediate ventilation on the back of various metals, natural stones, fiberglass, fiber cement, wood, wood materials and other artificially made materials in the form of plates with an insulating core with and without an air gap on the back of two-shell external walls from various building materials according to ΌΙΝ 1053.

The standard ΌΙΝ 18516-1 “Cladding of external walls, ventilation from the back, part 1” in relation to thermal insulation says: insulating boards must be laid tightly butt, with dressing and so that no cavities arise between the base and the insulating layer. They must be fixed on average with five brackets for insulation boards per 1 m ² and tightly adjacent to the boundary building elements. Insulation boards that are glued to the base must comply with type \ UU in accordance with ΌΙΝ 18516-1, that is, have a transverse tensile strength of the order of> 1 kPa.

Based on these data, three fasteners are usually provided for one standard size insulating board. These fasteners are distributed in such a way that one is located in the center of the insulation plate, one at all four corners respectively and one in the center of each longitudinal side. The holders of insulating plates consist of a solid rod, the tip of which is made in the form of a dowel, and at its other end a predominantly round dismembered disk is made, which is often provided with a spring ring. The fastening element is made of impact-resistant plastic materials, for example polyamides, and it can be driven through the insulating material into a pre-drilled hole, on the walls of which a dowel made with the corresponding configuration is stuck.

To prevent excessive immersion of the disk disk in the surface of the insulating material in the event that the rods are driven deep into the corresponding drilled holes, the rods may be provided with stops. If the insulation thickness is more than about 140 mm, a stronger bending fastener for the insulation plate is used, through the hollow core of which they drive in most cases a steel nail lined with synthetic material, which expands the dowel and at the same time serves as a flexible anchor. The most common disc diameter is 60 or 90 mm.

For fasteners with a plate diameter of 60 mm, disc mounted

- 7 012151 strips with an outer diameter of 90 mm. Fasteners with rectangular metal disk discs are also used.

The maximum effect, that is, the maximum resistance to pulling, is provided by fasteners for insulation in the event that they are located at a distance of about 5 cm, but preferably at a distance of 10 cm from each edge in the undisturbed surface of the insulation plate. A significantly lower holding effect of a kind of half plate on the edge of the plate, while both quarters of the plate acting on the corners of the insulating plate do not have any effect on stability and only press the edges of the plates that are possibly convex and / or protruding relative to each other.

The standard fiberglass façade insulation boards available on the market are mostly delivered with a range of apparent densities of between 12 and 25 kg / m ³ . In the plates, a pronounced layered arrangement of the fibers is observed, so that although they have relatively low thermal conductivity in the vertical direction relative to large surfaces, they only have an insignificant tensile strength in the transverse direction. The insulation boards can already be compressed at a slight pressure, so the plates must be pressed into the very surface of the insulating layer to ensure a force circuit. A canvas glued on the outer surfaces with an unoriented arrangement of fiberglass with a surface unit weight of about 17 to 50 g / m ² is able to distribute tensile stresses caused by fasteners on a large surface, and thus prevent breaking off of layers around the edges of the plate. However, this does not lead to any changes with respect to surface deformation and does not increase bending stiffness in the direction of both main axes. In the area of tightening fasteners for the insulating material, as well as its plates pressing the outer surface of the plates, the insulating plate is tightly attracted by the rod of the fastening element to the base, however, as a result of delamination of the adjacent sections, the edge sections again rise from the base.

Even if the insulation boards are pressed tightly against each other, this will not change the deformation of the insulation boards sufficiently.

Mineral fiber insulating panels with a thermal conductivity group of 040 in accordance with ΌΙΝ 4108 are made in the range of the apparent specific gravity of about 23 kg / m ³ , and with large thicknesses it is still preferably about 27-35 kg / m ³ with a thermal conductivity group of 035 with an apparent specific gravity about 40 kg / m ³ , preferably about 45 to 55 kg / m ³ , and for special purposes even up to about 70 kg / m ³ . The apparent specific gravity of the effective pulp, including the binder, in the preferred range is only about 19 to 39 kg / m ³ . Insulating boards coated on large external surfaces are also offered on the market using fiberglass with an unoriented arrangement of fibers.

Facade insulating boards are also known in which an outer zone with a greater degree of compaction is provided on the insulation side. In such plates, the combination of the apparent specific gravity is, for example, 70/35 kg / m ³ in plates with a heat conductivity group 040 and 90/95 kg / m ³ in plates with a heat conductivity group 035, while the thickness of the densified outer zone is exceeded by about 2 cm .

The surfaces of fiberglass insulation boards are less resistant to atmospheric components than mineral fiber insulation boards, so that their surface erodes faster and flakes of fibers stand out from the surface or at least protrude from the surface and, naturally, fibers are also released if the insulation layer was exposed to the weather for several weeks or months. Long-term exposure to the surface of the insulating material can be observed, for example, for the relatively wide seams of the natural stone cladding. For this reason, they began to use as standard the cladding of the outer large surfaces of fiberglass with an unoriented arrangement of fibers of natural color, black color or any color behind the glass cladding with print. Since, in most cases, fiberglass insulation boards are also protected by the cladding after a short time, it is therefore possible to use light and thin fiberglass with an undirected arrangement of fibers, the surface unit weight of which is from about 18 to 60 g / m ² . In the description of the invention to ΌΕ 35 19 752 C2, in particular, it is indicated that for laminating insulating plates that are located between two wall sheaths, hydrophobic fiberglass sheets with an undirected arrangement of fibers are used.

In the information issue “Exterior Thermal Insulation - Part 1: Continuous Thermal Protection of Exterior Walls with Suspended Facades of Natural Stone, Concrete Blocks, etc.,” Sgip / \ us1d + Knightapi AS, Ludwigshafen on the Rhine, July 1968, also it is indicated that the surfaces of brick and concrete walls should be smooth and enclosed and that it is necessary to carefully remove the protruding parts of the mortar or formwork. Insulating boards of their mineral fibers of brand 8ΙΕΤΑΝ with the trade name 8Р / Р 100 in the format of 50 cm x 100 cm with a high degree of apparent density of 100 kg / m ³ but with a small thickness of 30 to 60 mm have already been used. These isolates

- 8 012151 slabs were glued to the base using cement-diluted synthetic glue or other suitable building glue, which was previously applied in stripes to the back of the insulating slabs.

Since it is not possible to perform perfect bonding at relatively low temperatures, a proposal was made to fix additional mineral fiber insulating boards at corner points using the fasteners embedded in the base, which in this case are referred to as 8x8 plastic plates. On smooth concrete and metal surfaces, glue for contact bonding with a notched trowel is applied both to the base and to the back side of 8ΙΕΤ-марки brand insulation boards.

For fiberglass facade panels 8PP 2, grade 18OUER. assigned to the thermal conductivity group 035 in the information issue “С + Н ΙδΟνΕΚ, Insulation Application - Facades with Rear Ventilation with Facade Insulation Boards ΙδΟνΕΚ”, December 1979 issue of the company С + Н ΙδΟνΕΚ Сhipпс / usst + Knightapi AS, Ludwigshafen on the Rhine, They suggested using mechanical fastening and, depending on the circumstances, with preliminary application of construction or contact glue.

As an optimization, one-sided canvas lamination of ныхδΟνΕΚ facade insulating slabs of 8ΡΡ / ν fiberglass was advertised. The advantages of laminating with fiberglass canvas in the information publication “C + H Facade Insulation Plates ΙδΟνΕΚ 8ΡΡ / ν Optimal Facade Insulation Plates with Lamination of Nonwoven Fabric” published in 1985 are described as follows. Fiberglass canvas increases the tensile strength when bending plates without reducing their elasticity, making it easier to align with the unevenness of a building wall without decoration. Facade insulating boards have a solid, flat surface, as a result of which it is possible to prevent the formation of thermal bridges, as well as the point-by-point reduction in insulation thickness at the attachment points. Mounting at intersections and junctions reduces problems. Non-woven material increases weather resistance during installation work and before the final lining is applied. Insulation boards have a continuous water-repellent property and sound absorption.

The statement that an open canvas with an unoriented arrangement of fiberglass in accordance with the description of the invention to ΌΕ 3519752 C2 <110 g / m ² , that is, an open canvas with an unoriented arrangement of fiberglass with a thickness of less than 0.7 mm increases the tensile strength in bending of the insulating plate, is erroneous in accordance with the generally accepted theory of strength. However, a more tensile canvas with an unoriented arrangement of glass fibers compared to an inhomogeneous surface of the insulating material can distribute the tensile forces that arise under the action of fasteners embedded in the insulation boards with a force short circuit, thereby achieving a more convenient reduction in the effect of irregularities. Along with this, the optical effect also improves as a result of the use of black-painted canvases with an unoriented arrangement of fiberglass.

At present, a significant positive factor has been established for the fiberglass facade insulating panels renamed during this time (for example, Koiit P8R 1-035) from this manufacturer, which is expressed in the fact that the insulated fiberglass panels coated with a protective canvas with an unoriented arrangement of black fiberglass have a through water repellent property. Due to the optimum elasticity, the insulating plate smoothes out the unevenness of the base and thus prevents adverse structural and physical flow around the back of the insulating plate. Despite the fact that in this case the insulation board itself is not active, another manufacturer of fiberglass offers IV8A ΡΌΡ 1 / ν and ΡΌΡ 2 / ν products with a classic arrangement of fasteners in the center, at the transverse seams of the longitudinal edges and, accordingly, at four corners and thus provides only the fastening of additional fasteners in the surface.

Inadvertent, albeit inevitable, pressing of the disk plate of the fastener into the surface of fiberglass insulation boards is prevented in mineral fiber insulation boards by using an outer layer, which is more compacted compared to the body of the insulation material, of a thickness of about 2 cm. The apparent specific gravity of these layers in the insulation boards thermal conductivity group 035 in accordance with the 4108 standard ΌΙΝ was increased from about 85 to 95 kg / m ³ and a thermal conductivity of insulating plates group 040 rimerno from 65 to 75 kg / m ^3, while the remaining volume of insulating material were sealed with a much lesser extent just only about 50 to 57 kg / m ³ in the first case and from 27 to 40 kg / m ³ in other group. Based on its higher flexural strength, the outer layer compensating the pressure perceives a higher pre-tensioning force of the fixing element of the insulation plate. As a result, the insulating material will evenly adhere to the base, and also compensate for small irregularities, for example, from the remains of the solution.

However, the idea that the back surface of the insulation boards will be flat, then

- 9 012151 there is evenly pressed against the base, and on the other hand to balance the remnants of the solution, they were not confirmed at all by the insulating plates of the heat conductivity group 035. The remnants of the solution can not easily be pressed into a solid base, moreover, the insulating plates are wrung out from the surface under a greater or lesser arc in height and length. The same is true for small irregularities on the surface of the wall, to which the surfaces of the insulating plates do not adhere in accordance with their contour, but are adjacent to their heights.

In the information issue “Insulation of Exterior Walls - Modern Thermal Insulation of Exterior Walls”, published by оскοιιίκοΐιο Eosk \\ oo1 Mshega11 ^ o11 STN, April 1999, the number and location of fasteners for insulation boards are again indicated. In accordance with this information release, the usage amount of three fasteners per one insulation plate and their location is called to provide sufficient strength under wind loads. In areas of external walls in which large peak wind loads occur in the form of a choke, which include edge and corner sections, it is recommended to bring the number of fasteners to four or even five. In this case, as a rule, four fasteners are located at corner points, respectively, at a distance of 100 mm from the edges. The fifth fastener is located just in the center of the insulation plate. Although the fasteners here, taking into account the material, are distributed within the surface of the insulating plate, it is nevertheless strongly indicated that non-joined seams have a decisive influence on the reliability of the arrangement, since only as a result of this are sufficiently high friction forces that prevent tearing out under wind loads insulation boards from dressings.

Insulating boards made of mineral fibers of the same type of purpose AC are also offered in accordance with ΌΙΝ 18165, part 1 with heat conductivity groups 040 and 035, which have such high bending strength and reliability against tearing that they are fixed only with two longitudinally distributed axis of fasteners, which are sufficient to withstand wind loads. At the same time, neither the indicators of pulling out the fasteners from the base, nor the size of the disk disks were changed.

From the informational issue “Insulation of Exterior Walls - Modern Thermal Insulation of Exterior Walls”, published by the company Eeyesie Eosk \\ 'oo1 Mtega11 \\' o11 STN & Co. starting with a thickness of 8 cm, you can reduce it to just one fastener. It must be placed in the center of the insulation board. In more heavily loaded edge areas, insulating boards must be fastened with two fasteners, which should be placed on the middle axis at a distance of 150 mm, respectively.

The type of fastening of insulation boards on the outer walls of heated, and in summer, if necessary cooled buildings, has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the insulation layer and thereby on the duration of the heating period and the resulting heat loss during transmission, as well as on energy demand. In the summer, the heating of the building through the opaque surface of the wall and the necessary energy for artificial cooling have an effect. The high efficiency of insulating materials leads to the use of exterior walls, subjected to high loads and at the same time possessing high thermal conductivity of building materials.

Effective in terms of heat engineering, the fastening of insulating plates is gluing over the entire surface to the outer walls. Partial bonding is hardly inferior to this type of fastening if the adhesive mass is applied in the form of a closed edge roller on the back of the insulation plate. In the first case, they do not form at all, and in the second case, cavities closed in themselves form between uneven wall surfaces and often smooth surfaces of the insulating material.

When using fasteners, they must, in particular, be firmly pressed against the wall surface in the upper edge region of the insulating board.

When using facade cladding with rear ventilation, a gap is provided between the rear side of the facade cladding and the insulating layer, which allows the air flow to move and reduce the formation of melt water on the facade cladding or to drain already condensed condensate. At the same time, as a result of this, temperature differences in the facade cladding materials and thereby internal stresses are also reduced. The gyrothermally determined lifting force depends on the static pressure, which itself is directly proportional to the height and the difference in the density of air in the gap and the outside air. The lifting movement is most pronounced in tall buildings and behind closed facade claddings. It is superimposed on wind loads that act on the corresponding surface of the building. With a positive wind load on the upper sections of the breathable facade cladding, the upward air flow may linger in the air gap or even be rotated. In this case, the very extreme layers of the insulating layer streamlined in this way may also be affected. It goes without saying that, on the one hand, there is a decrease in heat transfer resistance, and, on the other hand, energy transfer under the effect of forced convection can increase in breathable insulation materials. Further in the open

- between the insulating plates the joints or in the area of areas with a pierced through insulating layer there are additional large energy losses. They increase to a special extent in the event that air gaps are formed between the uneven surface of the outer wall and the insulating layer pressed inadequately.

Energy transfer deposited on a vertical wall by an insulating layer occurs, of course, not only across large surfaces, but also in the vertical direction and here also under the influence of enhanced and upward-directed free convection. As a drive here, for the most part, steep, temperature changes in insulating materials made of mineral fibers are directed from the inside to the outside. In insulating boards with fibers oriented relatively large over surfaces, this effect is stronger than insulating elements with folded fibers or bundles of fibers. Here, the flow resistance across the direction of the main folds is much higher compared to the parallel direction. However, with a standard arrangement of insulating plates made of mineral fibers, the axes of the main folds nevertheless pass in the vertical direction, so that the effect that inhibits the vertical convective movement is clearly reduced. The reverse temperature differences that occur in summertime at elevated outdoor temperatures with respect to the possible cooling capacity of the building, although they are important, do not play a significant role. In most cases, the thickness of the insulating layer is calculated with a sufficient margin. The described effects increase the total heat loss of the external walls during transmission and thus lead to increased energy demand. Failure to observe and taking into account the existing very clear classification of heat conductivity groups, an incorrect assessment of the practical effectiveness of various insulating materials occurs.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing elasticized, at least in the region of one side of the insulating elements, in particular insulating plates, which allows a simple and cost-effective manufacturing of elasticized, at least in the region of one side of the insulating elements, in particular insulation boards. A further object of the invention is to provide a device suitable for implementing the method.

In accordance with the method according to this invention, the solution is carried out in such a way that the elasticization is carried out by local sealing and / or local separation of at least one side surface and / or at least a portion of the side surface of the insulating element, in particular the insulating board. In the device according to the present invention, elements for increasing elasticity are provided as a solution by which elasticity is increased by local compressions and / or local partitions of at least one lateral edge or a portion of the lateral edge. The dependent claims relate to individual methods for implementing the present invention.

The purpose of elasticizing the side surfaces is to compensate for differences in the width of the insulating boards, as well as deviations in the squareness between the individual boards. Due to this treatment, the insulating plates can be joined without gaps between them, as a result of which an insulating layer closed in itself may form. Further, the elasticization of the side surfaces makes it possible to increase the apparent density in a narrow zone. As a result of the increase in apparent density and at the same time the reorientation of individual fibers in these zones, the flow resistance increases. As a result of this, in particular, braking of convective flows vertically directed into the insulating boards occurs, thereby reducing heat loss and, in this case, the efficiency of the insulating layer.

The insulating element according to the present invention is, in particular, an insulating plate of mineral fibers or an insulating sheet of mineral fibers, mainly with two large, preferably parallel to the passing surfaces and with four side surfaces, which are directed mainly at a right angle relative to each other friend and large surfaces. At least one lateral surface can be placed covering at least partially the lateral surface and mainly breathable layer, while the made breathable layer serves as an air barrier to provide braking of the thermal lifting force in the insulating layer or completely eliminate the impact of this strength. Accordingly, the insulating element in its intended state is arranged so that the air-permeable layer extends mainly horizontally.

The breathable layer is preferably in the form of a film or a gas-phase deposited metal layer. The film is preferably made of a material with low thermal conductivity, such as plastic, or the like, since the breathable layer itself should not form additional thermal bridges. The film should be easy to form and not fold, so as not to adversely affect the closing of the joints between adjacent insulation elements. Suitable breathable films are, for example, smooth plastic films <100 μm thick, preferably

- 11 012151 specifically in the range from 20 to 40 microns. Laminated films of plastic metal material can also be used, with the metal layer being preferably sprayed onto the plastic film. As an example, mention may be made of polyester films sprayed with metal layers or metal foil, for example, of aluminum or of laminated films of aluminum-polyethylene. The metal layer preferably has a thickness in the range of 5 to 15 μm.

Preferably, the film is glued to the side surface of the insulating element, and films with self-adhesive layers can be used, which in turn are coated with removable protective films.

The film can be applied with a smaller width than the width of the side surface on which it is applied, and placed on the corresponding side surface. Due to the fact that the thermal lifting force acts primarily in the areas from the wall as additional heat transfer and thus acts as a loss of thermal energy, the breathable layer can, for example, end at a distance of 10 to 20 mm in front of the edge between large surface and side surface.

According to the present invention, the side surface of the insulating element, in particular the side surface of the insulating element opposite the breathable layer, has undergone elasticization, the elasticization being carried out by felting, crimping or impact of the forming elements of the products or in another way. The increased elasticity of the side surface serves to compensate for deviations in the size of the insulating elements caused by the technological process, as well as during the manipulation of the insulating elements, if this side surface adjoins the side surface. When laying the insulating elements according to the present invention, side surfaces provided with breathable layers are laid in such a way that they are in contact with the elasticized side surfaces of the insulating elements.

It is advisable to provide at least one side surface and / or at least one side surface of the insulating element, for example, in order to mark an elasticized surface or a surface with a breathable layer applied. The marking may include auxiliary lines that facilitate the separation of parts of the insulating element, for example auxiliary lines that run parallel to the marked side surfaces of the insulating element. So, for example, if the insulating element will need to be reduced by a small amount, then in this case the auxiliary lines will serve as a guide for separation at right angles.

According to the method of the present invention, it will be advisable to increase the elasticity of at least one side of the insulating element, in particular, the side surface opposite the breathable layer by means of felting. Alternatively, at least one side of the insulating element, in particular the side surface opposite the breathable layer, can be elasticized with local compressions and / or with local disconnections of the side surface. This can be done, in particular, by compressing the side surface using a molding and / or cutting pressed into it. For this purpose, in particular, needle-shaped and / or wedge-shaped, and / or serrated, and / or pyramidal, and / or in the form of a truncated cone, and / or in the form of a scalenehedron, forming elements that are preferably cut and / or pressed into elasticized side surfaces. The forming elements can penetrate into the side surfaces at different depths, as a result of which the sections of the side surfaces are elasticized to various degrees. The forming elements are preferably driven into the side surface, and the forming elements can act on the side surface at different angles. Also in this case, several insulation elements can be elasticized at the same time, for example by stacking the insulation elements during elasticization. The insulating element is preferably partially compressed during the process of elasticizing the side surfaces. Further, at the same time, several side surfaces of the insulating element can be elasticized. The increase in elasticity can be made after curing the insulating element. The increase in elasticity can also be done during the preliminary compaction of the insulating element, while already during the preliminary compaction a more favorable compression of the side surfaces is achieved. In the event that the elasticity is increased with the help of profiled pressure rollers, the profiles of which do not have rails with sharp edges or corresponding sections, or sharp forming elements are not mounted on the perimeter, elasticization can also be carried out after coating one or more insulating elements from packaging material. For this purpose, the package is compressed in the vertical direction, and the side surfaces are accordingly treated.

However, the possibilities of exposure are still less significant in comparison with uncoated stacks of insulating elements, especially if the shrink film forms thickenings on partially open end surfaces. Therefore shrink film

- 12 012151 must be made smooth and slightly extensible, for example, by forcing warm air before the action of the pressure rolls on the film and the side surfaces of the insulating element. Due to this effect, shrink films can be heated to such an extent that after cooling they will keep the stack of insulating elements in its compressed state.

Further, at least one large surface and / or at least one side surface is provided with a marking that indicates, for example, a side surface with a breathable layer or a side surface with increased elasticity, the marking may include auxiliary lines that facilitate separation parts of the insulating element. The marking can be applied by local heating of the binder of the insulating element, and / or by lamination, and / or by applying organic components of the dyes. The heating is preferably carried out using a laser. Alternatively, marking can also be done by applying paint.

Facade insulation boards are cut from an endless sheet of insulation material with edges bordered on both outer surfaces. Both large surfaces of the insulating boards initially differ in characteristically arranged bulges on both large surfaces. However, façade insulating boards may have flat lamination and coating on one large outer surface. Further, the fibers can have a greater degree of compaction in one large surface, as well as in a close-fitting layer located beneath it, in comparison with the core of the insulating board. Also, this densified to a greater extent layer may be provided with lamination or coating.

For economic reasons, facade insulation boards are often made two-layer using horizontal separation of an endless sheet of insulation material, so that outer surfaces having elevations on the surface, lamination, coating or high apparent density, respectively, coincide with the upper and lower large surfaces of the endless sheet of insulation material. While maintaining their distribution, these insulating boards are stacked in pairs relative to each other, so that both large outer surfaces of the stack of insulating boards differ, as a rule, by laminating, coatings or seals.

Insulation boards are usually laid with dressing, that is, each row of boards must be displaced relative to the previous row, in order to eliminate cross-seams. Insulating boards usually with their longitudinal sides should be vertically located one above the other, and the sides should be close to each other as close as possible to prevent the formation of open joints.

When attaching insulation boards, for example, to the outer surfaces of buildings, the boards are sequentially taken from the package and, accordingly, after removal of the casing, they are removed from the stack of insulation boards. Thus, every second plate must be rotated 180 °. This is also true in relation to those insulating plates, the large surface of which is not closed, since in this case they tend, as a rule, to ensure that surfaces having the imprint of the ribbons of the heating cabinets are directed outwards and so that the interface is not alternately oriented outward, formed by sawing.

The two-sided edging of the endless web and its cutting in the direction of manufacture is in most cases carried out using stationary circulation saws, so that these interfaces are usually smooth and oriented parallel to each other. Of course, large deviations from the right angle between large surfaces and the corresponding side surfaces can occur if the circulation saws are not exactly aligned in the vertical direction.

Longitudinal separation and bordering of an endless web of insulating material can also be done using high-pressure water nozzles. In this case, for example, depending on the apparent density of the insulating material, the content of the binder material and the location of the fibers, wavy surfaces are less or less pronounced.

Soft fiberglass insulation boards themselves can be separated using single-tooth milling cutters located across the processing line so that deviations can hardly occur. As a single-tooth mill moves with the speed of movement of an endless web of fibrous material, slight differences in length may occur from step to step, which will cause corresponding differences in width or also in length depending on whether the insulation boards are cut according to their widths or their lengths.

Cutting off individual insulating boards from an endless sheet of insulating material is carried out in more rigid mineral fiber insulating boards using synchronously moving cross-cut saws or using high-pressure water nozzles moved accordingly. Due to the regulation and direction of the transverse cut-off devices, deviations from a right angle with respect to dimensions and relative to thickness occur.

Below are described in more detail examples of the implementation of the insulating element according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

- 13 012151 FIG. 1 is a general view of an embodiment of an insulating element according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 1 insulating element;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a strip of insulating material according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of FIG. 1 strip of insulating material;

FIG. 5 is a general view of a sheet of insulating material;

FIG. 6 is a general view of FIG. 3 canvases of insulating material, which is covered with shrink film;

FIG. 7 is a general view of FIG. 4 and insulated material cut into disks;

FIG. 8 is a front view of an embodiment of an insulation structure according to the present invention; FIG. 9 is a view of a oblique insulating board;

FIG. 10 shows the location of the insulating board according to FIG. 9 in the insulation structure;

FIG. 11 is a first embodiment of an element made in the form of a shock and pressure rail for processing the side surfaces of an insulating element;

FIG. 12 is a view of several elements combined into one tool;

FIG. 13 is a side view of the tool of FIG. 12 in section;

FIG. 14 is a side view of a first embodiment of the invention; FIG. 15 is a side view of a second embodiment of the invention; FIG. 16 is a side view of a third embodiment of the invention; FIG. 17 is a side view of a fourth embodiment of the invention; FIG. 18 is a side view of a fifth embodiment of the invention; FIG. 19 is a side view of a sixth embodiment of the invention; FIG. 20 is a plan view of the element of FIG. eighteen;

FIG. 21 is a top view of a base plate with elements;

FIG. 22 is a plan view of a second embodiment of a base plate with elements;

FIG. 23 is a top view of a third embodiment of a base plate with elements;

FIG. 24 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a manufacturing plant site; FIG. 25 is a top view of a second embodiment of a portion of a production plant; FIG. 26 is a side view of a device for processing insulating boards;

FIG. 27 is a plan view of an apparatus for processing insulating boards.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of an embodiment of an insulating element 10 according to the present invention in the form of an insulating plate 11 of mineral fibers, which was obtained from an insulating sheet of mineral fibers. In FIG. 2 is a corresponding top view of that shown in FIG. 1 of the insulating element 10. The insulating plate 11 includes two, mainly parallel to the large surface 12 and 14, as well as four side surfaces 16, 18, 20 and 22, which are directed mainly at right angles to each other and relatively large surfaces 12 and 14.

On the lateral surface 18 of the insulating plate 11, a completely overlapping lateral surface 18 and made essentially breathable layer 24. is placed. The breathable layer 24 is made in the form of a smooth polyethylene film with a thickness of 30 μm, on which a 10 μm thick aluminum layer is deposited, which in this case is directed outwards . An adhesive layer is deposited on the inwardly turned surface of the sealed layer 24, by which the sealed layer 24 is glued to the side surface 18 of the insulation plate 11.

Of course and it is obvious that the sealed layer 24 may have another structure. So, for example, you can use other synthetic films, which can optionally be provided with a metal layer. As the breathable layer 24, it is also possible to use strips of a thermoplastic layer reinforced with a fiberglass or canvas fabric with an unoriented arrangement of fiberglass, for example a plastic film, an aluminum multilayer film or the like, which is welded to the side surface 18 of the insulation plate 11 or fixed with glue , in particular using hot-melt adhesive. Further, as an alternative, water-soluble coating materials can be used as the breathable layer 24, in particular, spray dispersible silicate paint, synthetic dispersion paint, plasto-elastic dispersion paint, silicone emulsion paint, dispersion enamel paint, polymer plaster or the like coating materials. Further, solvent-containing varnishes can be used, for example, polymerization resin varnish, epoxy varnish, polyurethane varnish, etc.

The breathable layer 24 is designed to inhibit or completely eliminate the thermal lifting force in the insulating plate 11 arranged in accordance with the purpose and in the insulating layer consisting of insulating plates, for example in a heat-insulating layered system consisting of insulating plates 11. For this, the insulating plate 11 in the located according to the purpose, the state is positioned so that the breathable layer 24 extends mainly

- 14 012151 zom in the horizontal direction.

The side surface 22 of the insulating plate 11 located opposite the side surface 18 in the indicated dashed line 26 of the region 28 is made with increased elasticity compared to the rest of the insulating plate 11, so as to compensate for the unavoidable during the laying of the insulating plate 11 during the work or during the manipulation of the insulating plate 11 deviations from the sizes.

The increase in elasticity of section 28 can be achieved, for example, using the felting process, therefore, under the action of repeated compression and release of section 28, for example, when using pressure rollers or the like. Thus, the strength of the portion 28 is reduced, thereby improving the elastic ability to align the portion 28 with the irregularities of the side surface of the adjacent insulation board 11 or other building structures.

Further, it is possible to increase the elasticity of the insulating board portion 28 by means of local crimping and / or local trimming of the side surface. Compression and / or trimming can be carried out with the help of forming elements that are pressed or clogged into the side surface 22 of the insulating plate 11. By forming elements should be understood, in particular, needle-shaped, wedge-shaped, toothed, pyramidal, shaped like a truncated cone or scalenehedron forming elements, which cut and press into the side surface 22. For the manufacture of sections with different elasticities, you can use various forming elements that penetrate at a time ary depth of the side surface 22 of the insulating plate 11. The forming elements may also act on the side surface at different angles, resulting in a different degree of elasticity.

Elastification using forming elements is preferably carried out at a time when the side surface 22 of the insulation plate 11 is compressed parallel to the normal to the plane of the large surfaces 12, 14. For example, the entire insulation plate 11 can be compressed in a vertical direction between two adjacent large surfaces 12, 14 by pressure plates, after which, in conclusion, the side surface is treated with forming elements. Alternatively, the insulating plate 11 can be compressed using pressure tapes in the direction parallel to the normal plane of the large surfaces 12, 14 and at the same time be passed through the forming elements that act on the side surface 22. In the implementation of both options, several stacked insulating plates 11. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the installation of insulating plates occurs as far as possible without displacement, since the depth of processing by forming elements is limited to a narrow range. The stack of plates 11 is then compressed vertically between the pressure plates or pressure tapes and processed using forming elements.

Alternatively, the treatment of the side surface 22 of the insulation board 11 can also be carried out after curing the insulation board 11.

Further, there is also the possibility of increasing the elasticity of the side surface 22 in the event that the insulating plate 11 or the stack of insulating plates 11 are already wrapped with a shrink film used as packaging material. This is especially possible if profiled pinch rollers are used to increase elasticity, the profiles of which do not have rails with sharp edges or corresponding sections or there are no sharp forming elements on their outer surface that destroy the film. In this embodiment, the degree of increase in elasticity is still less in comparison with the elasticization of an uncoated stack of insulating plates, in particular when the shrink film forms protuberances on partially open surfaces. Elastification can also be done after compaction of the packaging units that are coated and shrink-wrapped, after the entire packaging unit has been sealed. The heat-shrinkable film hangs down in the form of folds and it is necessary, for example, to carefully level it out and give it the ability to slightly stretch before the pressure rollers act on the film and side surfaces 22 of the insulation plates 11 of the insulation element 10 or of the stack of insulation plates 11 After this treatment, the shrink film can be heated, as a result of which after cooling it will keep the insulating element 10, the insulating plate 11 or the stack of insulation compressed nnyh plates 11.

Also in the case shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the insulating element will have only one lateral surface 22 or 18 that is elasticized or provided with an air permeable layer 24, it should be obvious that, if necessary, more than one side surface 16, 18, 20, 22 can also be elasticized or provided with an air permeable layer 24 .

Further, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the above-described embodiment of the insulating element 10 in accordance with the present invention is not restrictive. On the contrary, modifications and / or changes are possible within the scope of protection of the present invention, which are defined in the attached claims. So, for example, the insulating element 10 may be

- 15 012151 is made in the form of a sheet of insulating material, plate plate or plate plate, while in the plate sheet and plate plate, the mineral fibers are located mainly at right angles to their large surfaces 112.

In FIG. 3 shows a general view of an example embodiment of the invention in the form of an elastic insulating strip 110 in an insulating structure. Insulation strip 110 consists mainly of mineral fibers. The elasticity and, accordingly, the ability to shape the insulating strip 110 can be based on the low apparent density of mineral fibers, which is, in particular, in the range from 10 to 50 kg / m ³ .

The low content of the binder holding the mineral fibers can also lead to insufficient elasticity, while the content of the binder is preferably kept in the range from 0.5 to 2 wt.%. And, in conclusion, the elasticity of the insulation strip 110 can be drastically reduced by one-time or repeated compression in excess of the elastic region, as this, in particular, can be done by felting the insulation strip 110. It goes without saying that a combination of the above measures is possible, to provide the necessary elasticity of the insulation strip 110.

The insulation strip 110 has two large surfaces 112 (FIG. 4) and four side surfaces 114, which extend mainly at right angles to each other and relatively large surfaces 112. On one of the large surfaces 112 of the insulation strip 110 an adhesive layer is attached with adhesive 116, which completely covers the entire large surface 112 of the insulation strip 110. The breathable layer 116 serves primarily to inhibit or completely eliminate the thermal lifting force of the insulation system of the present invention, as will be discussed in more detail with reference to FIG. 8. On the opposite side of the breathable layer 116 of the large surface 112 of the insulation strip 110, a layer of glue 118 is applied, which, in turn, is covered by an easily removable film 120. The layer of glue 118 serves for subsequent attachment of the strip of insulation material 110. The strip of insulation material 110 has a selectable thickness ά from 10 to 50 mm, preferably in the range of 15-30 mm.

With reference to FIG. 5-7, an embodiment of the manufacturing method of FIG. 1 and 2 of insulating strip 110.

In FIG. 5 shows a sheet of insulating material that has the same layered structure as that shown in FIG. 3 and 4, a strip of insulating material 110, which, however, in FIG. 5 is not shown. In contrast, the width B of the web of insulating material 122 is several times greater than the width b of the strip of insulating material 110.

For the manufacture shown in FIG. 3 and 4 strips of insulating material 110 shown in FIG. 5, the web of insulating material 122 rolls into a roll 124 with a high degree of compaction. The roll is subsequently fixed by shrinkage of the heat-shrink film 126, resulting in the formation of FIG. 6 product structure. Shrink film 126 has a preferred shrink direction, which is oriented parallel to the direction of rolling of the sheet of insulating material 122. The roll 124 fixed with the help of shrink film 126 finally cuts at a substantially right angle (radially) longitudinal axis of the roll 124 into discs 128, while the width of the discs 128 corresponds to the thickness ά shown in FIG. 3 and 4 strips of insulating material 110. Based on the condition that the preferred shrink direction of the shrink film 126 is oriented parallel to the rolling direction of the roll 124, the condition is prevented in which the casing, which remains in the form of a parcel, pulls together the respective disks 128 in the axial direction and the parcel in As a result, it jumps off the narrow disk 128.

Insulating sheets 122 of large thickness can be cut parallel to their large surfaces 112, so as to obtain strips of insulating material 110 with a thickness of <50 mm. Several wandering discs 128 are preferably combined into one unit. The wrapper may consist, alternatively, of paper, plastic bags, nets of polymer film strips, or flat structures consisting of synthetic fibers or cardboard.

Shown in FIG. 5, the sheet 122 of insulating material can alternatively also have, in particular, a layered structure with a middle insulating layer of mineral fibers and adhesive layers located on both sides of the large surfaces of the insulating layer, which are respectively coated with an easily removable film. For the manufacture of strips of insulating material 110, the sheet of insulating material 122 is first divided in a horizontal direction and after that the parts are separately folded under a large seal. Then heat-shrink film is placed and finally the obtained rolls are cut into disks. The horizontal separation of the web of insulating material 122 can be carried out in this case in the center, as a result of which insulating strips of the same thickness получают are obtained. Alternatively, horizontal division can also be done off-center to thereby obtain insulating strips of different thicknesses ά.

Instead of insulating strips 110 several meters long, insulating strips can also be made in accordance with the lengths and widths of those insulating elements in which insulating strips 110 will later be laid. For this purpose, elastic

- 16 012151 cited sheet material.

It goes without saying that the insulating strips 110 can also be obtained from insulating sheets or insulating boards with a higher apparent density. However, in this case, the cost of providing the necessary soft-elastic characteristics of the insulation strips 110 will be higher.

The width of the insulating strips 110 may in principle be the same, greater or less than the thickness of the insulating element with which the insulating stripe 110 is later laid. If wider insulating strips 110 are used, then the protrusion must be cut off preferably flush with the surface of the obtained insulating layer . Insulation strips 110 may also slightly deepen relative to the outer surface of the resulting insulating structure. To do this, they must be pressed tightly to the surface of the insulated wall in order to interrupt any available air gaps. Insulation strips 110 can also be stacked to pass up and back behind horizontally adjacent insulation elements and, respectively, insulation boards. In order to ensure here a sufficient clamping action of the insulating elements in the horizontal direction, they must be rigid and be pressed tightly and evenly with the entire surface to the insulated wall.

In FIG. 8 shows an example of an insulating structure 130 according to the present invention. The insulation structure 130 includes adjacent insulation elements 132 in the form of insulation boards. Each insulating element 132 includes two large surfaces 134 and four side surfaces 136, which are directed mainly at right angles to each other and relatively large surfaces 134. To compensate for deviations and deviations from the right angle of the insulating elements 132 between the insulating elements 132 between the production and manipulation of the insulating elements 132 between the side surfaces 136 of the insulating elements 132 are provided with insulating strips 138, which may be, for example, insulating strips of Agen FIG. 3 and 4 types. Due to the high elasticity of the insulation strips 138, these deviations from the size and deviations with respect to the right angle of the individual insulation elements 132 are compensated. For this purpose, the side surfaces 136 of the individual insulation elements 132 are positioned with slight pressure near the insulation strips 138.

The horizontal insulating strips 138 preferably have a substantially breathable layer, as described with reference to FIG. 3 and 4. This airtight layer of insulation strips 138 should inhibit or completely eliminate the thermal lift force of the insulation structure 130.

The surface 12 of the insulating element 10 has elevations extruded by the ribbons of the heating cabinet.

In the event that several insulating elements 10 are made in the form of insulating plates, as shown in FIG. 10 will be located longitudinally end-to-end, for example, on the surface of the building, then wedge-shaped seams are formed. For comparison, in the lower row of insulating elements 10 according to FIG. 10 shows single-layer insulation boards 12, which, of course, can be installed in the same direction.

By increasing the elasticity of at least one lateral side 16, 18, 20, 22, the insulating plates 12 can be laid close to one another with such a density that deviations are compensated for the length and width, as well as in the direction of the thickness of the plate, and thus can a closed insulation structure 130 occurs.

Elasticization of the side surfaces 16, 18, 20, 22 of the insulation boards is carried out using elements 200, which clearly reduce the internal adhesion of the fibrous structure and, respectively, of the insulating material inside and outside the treated side surface 16 and, respectively, of the side surfaces 18, 20, 22. In this treatment, it is necessary minimize the amount of torn fibers and / or their separation from the insulating material.

The element 200 used for this purpose must therefore penetrate to a certain depth into the insulating material and unclench the fibrous structure both up and to the sides. In the insulating plates 12 with a pronounced lamellar structure, the center of gravity of the expansion of the fibers is located in the vertical direction.

In FIG. 11 shows a gear shock and pressure rail 202 with teeth 204. The teeth 204 of this gear shock and pressure rail extend at an acute angle so that the angle at the base is, for example, 45 °. The height of the teeth 204 depends on the required penetration depth. The teeth 204 may form an isosceles or oblique triangle. Asymmetric design has an advantage especially when using roll-shaped forming elements.

The tooth profiles 204 are flat or beveled or may be sharpened in the form of a prism. The thickness of the shock and pressure rail is typically less than 10 mm, preferably 5 mm.

The impact and pressure rail 202 is provided with round holes for attaching to a drive system not shown in the drawing or for attaching a processing tool with several shock and pressure strips located one after another and parallel to each other

- 17 012151 of action 202. Between the strips of shock and pressing action 202, spacers 207 can be located that are connected by bolts 208 to the strips of shock and pressing action 202. At the end 209, plates 209 are provided that allow fastening to the drive system. A processing tool is provided for percussion.

In FIG. Figures 14-20 show tenon-like elements which clog or press into the insulating material.

In FIG. 14 shows a sharp pin 210 with a nut 211 that is screwed into the base plate 212 or into the side surface of a roller not shown or soldered or welded to it. The diameter of the pin 210 can be reduced by a few millimeters, so that the pin can be made in the form of a needle.

In FIG. 15 shows a truncated cone element with a rounded tip 214. FIG. 16 shows a combination of a truncated cone element of metal or a viscous plastic material. The base of the element 213 is, for example, in the form of a screw 216, so that it can be attached to the base plate 212 with the help of a nut 211.

In FIG. 17 shows a pyramidal element 217, the main axis of which may be larger than the transverse axis. The base of this element 217 can go into the groove 218 made by milling in the base plate 212, in order to thereby position the pyramidal element 217, for example, at a dihedral angle with respect to a large surface adjacent to the insulating plate, and secure it against slipping in this position.

Instead of a rectangular or square base, the element 213, 217 may also have a polygonal base.

In particular, when used on the side surface of the pinch rolls, it is acceptable to combine a carbide needle 215 with a partially elliptical side view element 219, which allows entry into the insulating material taking into account the material properties, as shown in FIG.

18. This part of the inserted element can also be made trapezoidal. Since the elements in accordance with FIG. 18 are screwed into a roller, and are preferably fixed in their position or direction with a groove or a longitudinal hole.

In FIG. 20 is a plan view of the push-in member 219 of FIG. 18. The base of the element 219 is elliptical. The side surfaces visible from above can also be flat and in this case extend parallel to one another.

In FIG. 19 shows a top view of an element 213 in the form of an arrowhead, the blades of which at the base may be the same or not the same in width.

In FIG. 21 shows, by way of example, the arrangement of the elements 210, 213, 217, 219 on the base plate 212. Here, the elements 210, 213, 217, 219 are fixed in a hexagonal and overlapping overlap position. The distance of the elements 210, 213, 217, 219 from each other and their location relative to each other, as well as the height and width of the percussion instrument depend on how many strokes are required per unit of time and, accordingly, allowed, as well as on the relative speed with which surfaces to be treated can be passed through a percussion instrument or with which the tool can be moved with respect to it. Further, the percussion instrument, along with the horizontal movement, can also simultaneously move up and down. A comparative embodiment of the elements 213 with arrowheads is shown in FIG. 22.

In FIG. 23 shows a top view of the wedge-shaped elements 210 with a rectangular surface that is positioned offset on the base plate 212 or similarly on a reamer of the side surface of the cylinder.

Wedge-shaped elements 210 may also have an oblique parallelepiped as a base. Instead of a blade or a narrow upper surface, element 210 may also end with a tip.

In FIG. 24 shows a section immediately following a flow cabinet 220 of a portion of a conventional insulating material production line. The endless web of insulating material 221 is trimmed on both sides, for example, by means of saws 222. Waste during cutting is crushed and taken to the side. One or more saws 223 or high pressure water nozzles are located across the width of the endless web of insulating material 221 and cut into several partial strips 224. The partial blades 224 are moved in the form of hard partial strips close to each other in a lying position. If we are talking about elastic fibrous insulating materials, such as fiberglass, then in this case, the partial web 224 can already be wrung out from each other.

Using, for example, a horizontal saw 225, an endless insulating sheet 221 can be cut into thinner sheets.

On both sides of the endless web of insulating material 221, percussion instruments in accordance with FIG. 11-20. The drive can be carried out electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically. The frequency and amplitude are set depending on the requirements and the tools or push-in elements used. In one embodiment, the tools may also shift in the vertical direction during oscillatory movements.

Tools in the transport direction can also be placed in front of the saws 222, so

- 18 012151 that these segments are simultaneously elasticized, and this facilitates the possibility of their reuse.

Tools can also be located behind horizontal saw 225 and act on sequentially supplied insulating boards if they are sufficiently heavy or, if necessary, using clamping devices are fixed from lateral displacement.

In FIG. 25 above that shown in FIG. 24, a device 226 is shown for cutting individual insulation boards 11 from the partial webs 224 shown here. As conveying devices, driven rollers 227 are shown here that naturally receive an endless sheet of insulation material 221 behind the cabinet 220.

Lateral elasticization is carried out using clamping rollers 228 with fixed tools and correspondingly equipped teeth, which, for example, depending on the resistance of the material by means of a hydraulic drive, are pressed more or less firmly and thereby deeply into the side surfaces 16, 18 of the endless web (webs ) 221 or into insulation boards 11. On one side, one or more pressure rolls 228 can be arranged.

In FIG. 26 shows a cross-section of a stack of insulating boards 11, which are provided with a lamination or coating, have a sealed surface or a sealed surface area, and if necessary, laminations and coatings. The stack of insulating plates 11 moves horizontally between the upper conveying device 229 and the lower pressure conveying device 230, while on both sides of the elements 200 act on the side surfaces 16, 18.

Instead of or in combination with elements 200, gear pinch rollers can also be used.

It is envisaged that this effect was carried out only on one side surface 16 of the stack of insulating plates 11 using a pressure plate 231 mounted on the table, while, depending on the circumstances, the element 200 and / or one or more pressure rollers move from one or of the two lateral sides 16, 18. It goes without saying that processing of the individual insulation boards 11 before stacking can also be carried out.

It goes without saying that the embodiments described above are not limiting. Moreover, many modifications and changes are possible without going beyond the protection of the present invention, which is defined by the attached claims.

List of items

10 - insulating element; 211 - a nut; 11 - an insulating plate; 212 - base plate; 12 - a large surface; 213 - element; 14 - a large surface; 214-point; 16 - side surface; 215 - carbide needle; 18 - side surface; 216 - screw; 20 - side surface; 217 - element; 22 - side surface; 218 groove;

- 19 012151

24 - airtight layer; 26 - dashed line; 26 - section; 110 insulating strip; 112 is a large surface; 114 side surface; 116 is an airtight layer; 118 - adhesive layer; 120 film; 122 - insulating cloth; 124 - roll; 126 - shrink film; 128 - disks; 130 - insulating structure; 132 - insulating elements; 134 - large surface; 136 - side surfaces; 138 - insulating strips; 200 - element; 202 - shock and pressure rail; 204 - tooth; 206 - a round hole; 207 - an intermediate layer; 208 - screw; 210 - pin; 219 - element; 220 - a heating cabinet; 221 - insulating cloth; 222 - saw; 223 - saw; 224 - partial canvas; 225 - horizontal saw; 226 device; 227 - roller; 228 - pressure roller; 229 - conveying device; 230 - conveying device; 231 - pressure plate B is the width of the insulating strip; In - the width of the insulating cloth; 4 - thickness of the insulating strip;

CLAIM

Claims (23)

CLAIM 1. A method of manufacturing insulating boards made of mineral fibers with at least one elasticized side surface and / or at least one elasticized section of the side surface, characterized in that the elasticization is carried out by locally cutting at least one side surface and / or at least at least one portion of the side surface of the insulation board. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the locally separated side and / or locally separated portion of the side surface of the insulation plate is additionally locally crimped. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the side surface and / or the portion of the side surface using at least one pressed into them, made in the form of a needle and / or wedge-shaped, and / or serrated, and / or pyramidal, and / or a truncated cone, and / or the scalenhedron of the forming element, are compressed and / or separated. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the forming elements cut into and / or are pressed into the side surface and / or the portion of the side surface. 5. The method according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the forming elements are pressed at different depths into the side surface and / or the portion of the side surface. 6. The method according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the forming elements are pressed and / or clogged into the side surface and / or the portion of the side surface. 7. The method according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the forming elements at different angles act on the side surface and / or a portion of the side surface. 8. The method according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the side edges and / or portions of the side surface of several insulation boards are simultaneously elasticized. 9. The method according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the insulating plate during - 20 012151 increase elasticity is compressed, at least in part. 10. The method according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the side surfaces and / or portions of the side surface of the insulation plate are simultaneously elasticized. 11. The method according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the elasticization is carried out after curing the insulating board. 12. The method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the elasticization is carried out during the preliminary compaction of the insulation plate. 13. The method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the elasticization is carried out after wrapping the insulating board with packaging material. 14. A device for the manufacture of mineral fiber insulating boards with at least one elasticized lateral surface is characterized by elasticizing elements, with which elasticization is performed by locally separating at least one lateral surface and / or a portion of the lateral surface. 15. The device according to p. 14, characterized in that the elements for elasticization are equipped with one or more percussion elements to be hammered into the processed insulating plate, in particular percussion rails on which or on which the forming elements are located with a protrusion. 16. The device according to clause 15, wherein the shock elements have a width of from 1 to 1.5 mm 17. The device according to one of paragraphs.15-17, characterized in that the forming elements of the individual impact elements with respect to the work surface are offset from each other. 18. The device according to one of paragraphs.15-17, characterized in that the shock elements in their intended state are located mainly at right angles to the main surfaces of the insulating boards to be treated. 19. The device according to one of paragraphs.15-18, characterized in that the shock elements in the state intended for them are located at different angles relative to the main surfaces of the processed insulating plates. 20. The device according to one of paragraphs.15-19, characterized in that the shock elements are made in such a way that they are pressed into the processed insulating plate to a depth of 25 mm. 21. The device according to 14, characterized in that the device is equipped with one or more rotating pinch rollers, on which and, accordingly, on which the forming elements are located with a protrusion. 22. The device according to item 21, wherein the forming elements extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of each pinch roller or in a spiral along the side surface of each pinch roller. 23. The device according to one of paragraphs.15-22, characterized in that the forming elements are made of needle, wedge-shaped and / or serrated, and / or pyramidal, and / or in the form of a truncated cone, and / or in the form of a scalenhedron.