EA008054B1 - Method for manufacturing ornamental road metal (macadam) and ornamental road metal - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of manufacturing of the ornamental road metal (macadam), comprising the producing a grain mixture of a given particle size, preparing a surface of each grain of the mixture by washing and drying and a decorative covering application on a surface of each grain of the mixture by coloring with mixing with the subsequent drying, in which after producing a grain mixture, if necessary, mechanical working of a surface of each grain of the mixture is carried out additionally, coloring is carried out, at least, in two stages directly one by one, a surface of grains of road metal (macadam) being painted by diluted with organic vehicle paint during 2 - 4 minutes at the first stage at the rate of 0,015 kg to 0,025 kg on 1 kg of a grain mixture, and a varnish is being applied on the painted surface during about 1 minute at the rate of 0,002 kg to 0,003 kg on 1 kg of a grain mixture at the second stage is suggested.It is also suggested an ornamental road metal (macadam), comprising the mixture of grains of road metal (macadam) of the certain fractions, preferably the fractions of from 4,0 mm up to 10,0 mm, the decorative covering containing, at least, one internal and, at least, one external decorative layers of a paintwork material being applied on a surface of each of grains.

Description

The invention relates to methods of applying liquid or other fluid substances on the surface, in particular, to a method of sequential application of paint coatings on the surface of rubble and can be used primarily for the manufacture of decorative rubble.

The invention relates also to the material for the device pavements, made on site, namely, to rubble, in particular to the decorative rubble, which can be used as a material in landscape design, ritual design, etc. At the same time, decorative crushed stone can be used not only as a material for arranging tracks, but also when creating various compositions, including mosaic ones, as well as as a material for the production, for example, of concrete.

It is known to use as a decorative material for arranging tracks, creating compositions, including mosaics, etc., of natural material such as colored pebbles, marble chips, etc. [one]. Such a decorative material has high strength, durability and resistance to adverse environmental factors. At the same time, such a natural material, which can be used as a decorative rubble, cannot provide a wide range of colors, brightness and saturation of colors, as well as a certain grain size distribution of the grain mixture. In addition, due to the sufficiently limited mining sites for such a natural material, depending on the distance between the mining site and the place of use, the cost of such decorative rubble may significantly increase.

Also known is the use of decorative rubble, obtained by crushing rocks that have decorative properties [2]. As in the case described above, decorative crushed stone obtained in this way is durable and highly resistant to adverse environmental factors, but its decorative properties are also not high enough, which is also caused by a number of natural causes: the inability to get bright saturated colors, the inability to get a grain mixture uniform in color, etc. In addition, the cost of such decorative crushed stone is quite high, because, firstly, the cost of the rock itself, from which decorative crushed stone is obtained, is high, and secondly, the cost increases when the place of use of decorative crushed stone is removed from the place of its extraction.

To reduce the cost of the material, in particular, for the arrangement of the tracks and the possibility of using local material, various mixtures were proposed, including mineral filler (granite screenings, brick chips, cupola slag), and hydrolyzed lignin [3]. However, these solutions are characterized by insufficient strength and durability, as well as low decorative properties (the resulting colors are brown, light brown, brick, gray).

Thus, none of the known solutions using natural natural material without staining does not allow to obtain decorative crushed stone with a wide range of colors.

There are also various methods of coloring natural natural stone, among which the method of coloring crushed stone for decorating mosaic gardens [4], which is the closest to the claimed one in terms of essential features, should be highlighted. In accordance with this method, crushed natural stones are washed, dried and painted by mixing with two-component polyurethane-based coating materials. In this case, the liquid coating material is taken with a clear excess, since the method involves placing crushed stones immediately after dyeing onto a cellular plate with an appropriate cell size to remove (draining) excess liquid, after which a color film of the coating is formed on the surface of each stone. As follows from a brief description of the method, its disadvantages include at least the use of an excess amount of film-forming solution of a polyurethane polymer, as well as its strictly defined, special chemical composition (prepolymer of urethane polymer, catalyst and curing agent at a certain weight ratio).

The present invention is the creation of a method of manufacturing decorative crushed stone, which would include the coloring of crushed stone and provide a significant increase in the durability of the paint applied to the crushed stone, a higher resistance of the coating to adverse environmental influences, as well as an increase in the decorative properties of crushed stone (expansion of the color spectrum, obtaining glossy coatings, obtaining a grain mixture of the same color, a specific particle size distribution and geometric shape s, etc.), which, in turn, would significantly expand the possible areas of application of decorative rubble. To implement the method should be applicable to a wide range of existing paints and varnishes.

The task is solved by a method of manufacturing decorative crushed stone, including obtaining a grain mixture of a given particle size, preparing the surface of each grain of the mixture by washing and drying and applying a decorative coating on the surface of each grain of the mixture by dyeing with stirring followed by drying due to the fact that after receiving the grain mixture , if necessary, additionally carry out mechanical processing of the surface of each grain of the mixture, dyeing is carried out with stirring, less th least two stages directly one behind the other, wherein in the first stage for 2-4 min rubble grain surface stained

- 1 008054 organic paint with a flow rate of 0.015 to 0.025 kg per 1 kg of the grain mixture, and in the second stage, for about 1 minute, a varnish is applied to the painted surface with a flow rate of 0.002 to 0.003 kg per 1 kg of the grain mixture.

Optimal, providing the most effective achievement of the stated technical results, the values of the parameters of the technological process of dyeing were determined by the authors of the present invention according to the results of numerous experiments. At the same time, taking into account the above ranges of consumption of organic paint and varnish, we can talk about the solution of the above mentioned in connection with the description of the prototype problem of the formation of excess paintwork material. In addition, the experiments conducted by the authors showed that with such a paintwork material consumption, due to the correct selection of technological regimes, including due to the separate application of paint and varnish during specified time intervals, with constant mixing, high-strength, durable, resistant to adverse effects can be obtained. environmental factors of the coating on each grain of a grain mixture of rubble with high decorative properties, including those characterized by bright saturated and flowers of many colors and a glossy finish. In this case, any organ-paint paints can be used, the most preferable of which will be listed below.

Depending on the purpose of use, a mixture of grains from 4.0 to 10.0 mm is preferably obtained. The most preferable, providing a more homogeneous fractional composition is to obtain in one mixture of grains belonging to a narrow range of fractions, for example, 4.0-6.3 mm, 6.3-10.0 mm, etc.

In some preferred forms of implementation of the proposed method, the mechanical treatment is carried out with obtaining grains of crushed stone cuboid shape. To do this, use traditional, well-known specialists in the field of methods and equipment, which, because of its well-known in the framework of the present invention will not be considered in detail. At the same time, the grain mixture acquires additional decorative properties due to its composition, not only aligned with the grain size, but also according to their geometric shape.

As mentioned above, during the implementation of the proposed method can be used various paints and varnishes, including paint, which can be classified as organic. High technical results obtained by the authors using dyes belonging to the following group: alkyd, acrylic, alkyd-styrene, alkyd, urethane, alkidnoepoksidnye, glyptal, rosin, rubber, organic silicon oil, maslyanostirolnye, melaminalkidnye, urea, nitrocellulose, polyacrylic, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyester, pentophthalic, perchlorovinyl, copolymervinylchloride, epoxy, epoxyether, etriftale, bitumen, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl acetate, phenolalkidnye, phenolic paints and varnishes.

The task is also solved decorative gravel, including a mixture of grains of crushed stone of certain fractions, and on the surface of each of the grains applied decorative coating, due to the fact that the decorative coating contains at least one inner and at least one outer decorative layers of paint material.

With reference to the method of manufacturing crushed stone described above, the inner decorative layer “forms” a color that is uniform over the entire surface of the crushed grain, and the outer decorative layer gives the glossiness of the surface of the crushed stone grain. However, in other forms of implementation of decorative rubble, each of the layers may carry a different decorative load.

Preferred for the claimed decorative crushed stone are those forms of implementation in which grains of crushed stone belong to fractions from 4.0 to 10.0 mm. In this case, as well as for the method, the most preferred are forms of implementation in which grains of crushed stone fall into a narrower range of fractions, for example, 4.0-6.3 mm, 6.3-10.0 mm, etc. .

As well as for the method described above, when forming the decorative layer (s), the paint material is preferably selected from the group including alkyd-acrylic, alkydoliness, alkyd-urethane, alkyd-epoxy, glyptal, rosin, rubber, organic silicon, oil, oil-styrene, melamine, urea, nitroalkidnye, polyacrylic, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyether, pentophthalic, perchlorovinyl, copolymernovinylchloride, epoxy, epoxyether, etrifale, bitum polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl acetate, phenol-alkyd, phenolic paints.

The most preferred forms of realization of the claimed decorative crushed stone, as mentioned above, are those forms in which the inner decorative layer is made of paint, and the outer decorative layer is made of varnish.

The inventive method of obtaining the claimed decorative crushed stone will be described in more detail in some possible examples of implementation and illustrated using the drawing, which schematically shows an enlarged view of the decorative crushed stone grain, including the grain of 1 crushed stone from natural stone (granite) of arbitrary shape, internal the decorative layer 2 of paint and the outer decorative layer 3 of varnish.

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The inventive method is as follows.

Crushed stone fractions are preferably from 4.0 to 10.0 mm, more preferably from 4.0 to 6.3 mm or from 6.3 to 10.0 mm or another narrower range of fractions ranging from 4 to one grain mixture, 0 to 10.0 mm. Depending on the purpose of making decorative crushed stone, crushed stone is obtained either with grains of an arbitrary geometric shape, either cubic, or mechanically processed crushed stone with grains of an arbitrary geometric shape to obtain a cubical shape. In the general case, the grains of crushed stone, if necessary, can be subjected to mechanical processing and with purposes other than obtaining cubic crushed stone. In each case, a specialist in this field establishes the need and selects the type of machining, taking into account certain goals. Next, the resulting grain mixture is washed to remove dust and other minor impurities, dried and poured into the mixer. Organizer paint is also poured into the mixer at a rate of 0.015 to 0.025 kg per 1 kg of grain mixture. The specific brand of paint and its color is chosen in each particular case on the basis of the purposes of manufacturing decorative rubble, taking into account the above-mentioned preferred paint brands (paints and varnishes). The contents of the mixer (grain mixture of rubble and paint) are mixed for 2 to 4 minutes. Upon completion of the first staining cycle with mixing, varnish is added to the mixer at the rate of 0.002 to 0.003 kg per 1 kg of the grain mixture. Lacquer is also chosen in each case, taking into account the above recommendations for paints in particular and paints and varnishes in general. After the varnish is added, a second mixing cycle is carried out for about 1 minute. At the end of the second mixing cycle, the grain mixture for the subsequent drying is fed from the mixer to the hopper of the drying machine and then poured in a thin layer onto the conveyor belt and fed to the drying chamber. Time, drying temperature, and layer thickness are determined in each particular case depending on a number of conditions, including, for example, the brand of paintwork materials used, the ambient temperature, etc. After leaving the chamber, crushed stone is poured into plastic bags, for example, 1, 8, 25 kg, etc. and after weighing sealed.

In more detail, the advantages and advantages of the inventive method for the production of decorative crushed stone and decorative crushed stone will be illustrated with the help of the following examples.

Examples

Examples 1-5.

Decorative crushed stone was produced with grains of fractions 4.0-6.3 mm of arbitrary geometric shape in the manner described above under the conditions given in table. one.

Table 1

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Paint, brand AU Au PF ML nts Colour According to According to According to According to According to file cabinets file cabinets file cabinets file cabinets file cabinets Paint consumption, kg / kg 0.02 0.02 0,018 0.025 0.015 Mixing time on 1st cycle, min 2 four 2 four four Varnish, brand AU, AU, PF, GF AU, AU, PF, GF AU, PF, Gf ML nts Varnish consumption, kg / kg 0,0022 0,0022 0,003 0,002 0,0025 Mixing time on 2nd cycle, min one one one one one Drying time, min 8-10 8-10 8-10 8-10 8-10 Drying temperature, ° С 80 100 120 140 80

Abbreviations:

AU - alkyd-urethane

AC - alkyd-acrylic

PF - pentophthalic

ML - melamine-farmaldehyde

NC - nitrocellulose

GF - glyptal

The decorative coating obtained on the rubble was subjected to a series of tests according to established procedures. The test results below are shown in Table. 3

Examples 6-10.

Decorative crushed stone was produced with grains of fractions 6.3-10.0 mm of cubic form in the manner described above under the conditions given in table. 2

table 2

Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Paint, brand Ur EP Mch KO Gf Colour According to According to According to According to According to file cabinets file cabinets file cabinets file cabinets file cabinets Paint consumption, kg / kg 0,019 0.02 0.021 0.02 0,019 Mixing time on 1st cycle, min four four four four four Varnish, brand Ur, AU EP MCH, PF, Gf KO, PF, Gf PF, GF, AU Varnish consumption, kg / kg 0,0024 0,0024 0,002 0,0025 0,0025 Mixing time on 2nd cycle, min one one one one one Drying time, min 8-10 8-10 8-10 8-10 8-10 Drying temperature, ° С 100 80 80 80 80

Abbreviations:

AU - alkyd-urethane

PF - pentophthalic

UR - urethane

EP - epoxy

MCH - urea-formaldehyde

KO - organosilicon

GF - glyptal

The decorative coating obtained on the rubble was subjected to a series of tests according to established procedures. The test results below are shown in Table. 3

Table 3

Name of the indicator, test method Norm Example one Example 2 Example 3 Example four Example five Example 6 Example 7 Example eight Example 9 Example ten The appearance of the film *) norm norm norm norm norm norm norm norm norm norm Film gloss by photoelectric gloss meter,%, no less than GOST 896 60 63 65 62 65 63 62 64 61 64 60 Conditional viscosity on the VZ 246 viscometer at a temperature (20 + 0,5) ° C, with GOST 8420 60 -150 128 89 104 77 105 132 96 120 110 104 Mass fraction of nonvolatile substances,% GOST 17537 52-70 68 58 66 54 65 63 61 68 66 55 The degree of milling, microns GOST 6589 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Hookability of the dried film, g / m ² GOST 8784 50-80 67 72 65 59 68 73 62 60 73 55 Drying time to degree 3 at a temperature (80 + 2) ° С, min, not more than GOST 19007 ten ten ten ten ten ten ten ten ten ten ten Film hardness by pendulum device TML m.A., cu, not less than GOST 5233 0.25 0.27 0.36 0.27 0.39 0.28 0.3 0.33 0.31 0.28 0.34 Coating frost resistance, cycles, not less than GOST 7025 50 50 50 50 50 1 ⁵⁰ 50 I 50 50 1 50 | 50

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Name of the indicator, test method Norm Example one Example 2 Example 3 Example four Example five Example 6 Example 7 Example eight Example 9 Example ten Resistance to variable temperatures, cycles, not less than GOST 27037 ten ten ten ten ten ten ten ten ten ten ten Coating resistance to climatic factors, cycles, not less than GOST 9.401 Method 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

*) After drying, the enamel should form a smooth, homogeneous without exfoliation, pock marks, smudges, wrinkles and foreign inclusions

The above experimental data confirm the achievement of the above technical results for different values of the parameters of the technological process of dyeing and different conditions within the stated claims and are intended only to illustrate the merits and advantages of the claimed method of making decorative gravel and decorative rubble. The possibility of achieving the above technical results for different values of parameters and other conditions should be obvious to a person skilled in the art from the above description.

Literature.

1. Natural river rock and rock. Limited Liability Company "ZHANNA" [found 2004.10.07]. Found from the Internet 11ir: // \\ \\ \\: | Appal1 | pk.gi / §ot_kat.1it.

2. GOST 22856-89 Crushed stone and decorative sand from natural stone. Technical conditions.

3. Copyright certificate 8I № 1294899 A1, publ. 03/07/1987.

4. Application 1P number 09-363990, publ. 06/29/1999, publication No. 11-171665.

Claims (8)

CLAIM 1. A method of manufacturing decorative crushed stone, including obtaining a grain mixture of a given particle size distribution, preparing the surface of each grain of the mixture by washing and drying, and applying a decorative coating to the surface of each grain of the mixture by coloring with stirring, followed by drying, characterized in that the coloring is carried out at least in two stages directly one after the other, and in the first stage for 2-3 minutes the surface of the grains of crushed stone is painted with organo-diluting paint with a flow rate of from 0.015 to 0.025 kg per 1 kg of grain mixture, and in the second stage for about 1 minute, varnish is applied to the painted surface with a flow rate of 0.0025 to 0.0035 kg per 1 kg of grain mixture. 2. The method according to π. 1, characterized in that a mixture of grains of fractions from 4.0 to 10.0 mm 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that after receiving the grain mixture, an additional mechanical treatment of the surface of each grain of the mixture is carried out. 4. The method according to any one of pi. 1-3, characterized in that the machining is carried out to obtain grains of crushed stone cubical shape. 5. The method according to any one of pi. 1-4, characterized in that as an organo-dilutable paint use a paint selected from the group including alkyd-acrylic, alkyd-styrene, alkyd-urethane, alkyd-epoxy, glyphthalic, rosin, rubber, organic silicon, oil, oil-styrene , melamine alkyd, urea, nitroalkide, polyacrylic, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyester, pentophthalic, perchlorovinyl, copolymer vinyl chloride, epoxy, epoxy ether, etriftal, bituminous, polyvinyl acetal, nye, fenolalkidnye, phenolic paints. 6. Decorative crushed stone, comprising a mixture of grains of crushed stone of certain fractions, moreover, a decorative coating is applied to the surface of each of the grains, characterized in that the decorative coating contains at least one inner and one outer decorative layers of the paint material, the inner decorative layer made of paint, and the outer decorative layer is made of varnish. 7. Crushed stone according to claim 6, characterized in that the grains of crushed stone refer to fractions from 4.0 to 10.0 mm. 8. Crushed stone according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the paint material is selected from the group consisting of alkyd-acrylic, alkyd-styrene, alkyd-urethane, alkyd-epoxy, glyphthalic, rosin, rubber, organic silicon, oil, oil-and-oil , melamine alkyd, urea, nitroalkide, polyacrylic, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyester, pentophthalic, perchlorovinyl, copolymer vinyl chloride, epoxy, epoxy ether, etriftal, bituminous, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl acetate lalkidny, phenolic paints and varnishes.