EA006229B1 - Fuel composition - Google Patents

Abstract

Unleaded blend compositions, as well as formulated gasolines containing them have a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising at least 2 % of component (a), which is at least one branched chain alkane of MON value of at least 90 and of boiling point 15-160 degree C or a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery stream, of MON value of at least 85, at least 70 % in total of said stream being branched chain alkanes, said stream being obtainable or obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a cut having Initial Boiling Point of at least 15 degree C and Final Boiling Point of at most 160 degree C, said Boiling Points being measured according to ASTM D-2892, and as component (g) at least 5 % of at least one paraffin, liquid hydrocarbon or mixture thereof e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon compound or olefinic hydrocarbon of BP 60-160 degree C, especially of MON value at least 70 and RON at least 90 or as component (g) at least 20 % of one or more refinery streams. The component (a) gives rise to reduced emissions to the composition or gasoline on combustion.

Description

The present invention relates to methods for reducing exhaust emissions from burning unleaded motor gasoline, unleaded composition, ready unleaded gasoline, and a method for preparing at least two compositions suitable for producing gasolines.

For many years, the efforts of manufacturers of spark ignition engines are aimed at achieving increased efficiency in order to optimize the use of hydrocarbon-based fuels. But such engines require the use of gasoline with a good octane number, which is sought, in particular, by adding lead-organic additives, and recently, with the advent of unleaded gasoline, by adding MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether). But the burning of any gasoline causes emissions in the exhaust gases, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (ΝΟ _Χ ) and toxic hydrocarbons, therefore such emissions are undesirable.

Unleaded motor fuels have been created, forming little emissions during combustion.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method is proposed for reducing exhaust emissions when burning unleaded gasoline fuel with an OCM of at least 80, which comprises introducing at least 10% of component (a) into gasoline, which is at least one of the following materials: ( I) almost aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery material with the value of OCM (octane number determined by the motor method) of at least 85, and at least 70% of this product, in general, accounted for the share of alkanes with branched chains, this product can be obtained or obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a fraction, the boiling point of which is at least 15 ° C, and the boiling point does not exceed 160 ° C, these boiling points and boiling point determine in accordance with the standard L8TM Ό-2892, and (II) at least one branched chain alkane, the value of OChM which is at least 90, and the boiling point is in the range from 15 to 160 ° C, excluding 2.2, 3-trimethylbutane and 2,2,3-trime tilpentane, in unleaded gasoline with OCM at least 80 in order to reduce emissions from burning this gasoline.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, an unleaded composition having an octane number determined by a motor method (OCM) of at least 80, comprising at least 2% (of the total composition) of component (a) (1), which is practically aliphatic, is proposed. hydrocarbon refinery material with an OChM value of at least 85, and at least 70% of this product as a whole is branched chain alkanes, this material is a mixture of different distillation fractions, each The stock is obtained by distilling alkylates as a fraction having a boiling point of at least 15 ° C and a boiling point not exceeding 160 ° C; these boiling points and boiling point are determined in accordance with standard L8TM-2892 and at least 5 % component (d), which is at least one paraffin, aromatic hydrocarbon compound or olefinic hydrocarbon with a boiling point of 60-160 ° C, and the composition as a whole includes no more than 5% of the total hydrocarbon composition with boiling point her than 160 ° C and less than 5% 2,2,3trimetilbutana or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane and volume content of aromatics in the composition equal to 2-40%. The claimed composition may include at least 5% (by volume of the entire composition) of component (a) (1), 15-65%, or 20-35% of the volume of said component (a) (1).

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a ready-made unleaded gasoline is proposed that includes at least one additive for automobile gasoline and a composition as defined above.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for preparing at least two pure compositions suitable for producing gasolines, comprising the following steps:

I) the separation into fractions of the product of alkylation with obtaining the first fraction, at least partially boiling in the range from 90 to 106 ° C, the second fraction, boiling at a lower temperature than the first fraction, and the third fraction, boiling at a higher temperature, than the first faction

II) mixing the first fraction, which is practically an aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery material with an OChM value of at least 85, at least 70% of this product as a whole falls to branched chain alkanes and has a boiling point of at least 15 ° C and boiling point not exceeding 160 ° C, these boiling point and boiling point are determined in accordance with standard L8TM-2892, with component (d), which is defined in paragraph 3, to produce first high-octane unleaded gasoline th composition having a RON value at least 97 and MON value at least 86, with low emission of combustion and

III) combining these second and third fractions as components (a) (1) with component (e), both of which are defined above, to obtain at least one other high-octane unleaded gasoline composition, characterized by an ohm value of at least 92 and OCM value of at least 80 with low emissions during combustion and with less than 5% 2,2,3-trimethylbutane or

2,2,3-trimethylpentane and a volume content of aromatic substances in the composition, equal to 2-40%.

- 1 006229

In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the compositions and gasolines are substantially free of oxygen-containing products.

So, the application describes practically pure aliphatic refinery material, which includes at least 90% aliphatic hydrocarbons (for example, not less than 95%) and not more than 10% in total (for example, not more than 5%) non-aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cycloaliphatic , in particular cyclopentane, cyclohexane, alkenes, such as linear or branched, for example butenes, pentenes, hexenes, heptenes and octenes, and possibly aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene and toluene (but preferably without them). The value of OCM of such a product is at least 85, for example at least 87, 90 or 92, in particular less than 100, for example from 85 to 96 or from 87 to 95, in particular from 87 to 90 or from 90 to 95. such a product may exceed the value of OCM by an amount equal to from 0.5 to 3.5 units, in particular from 1.0 to 3.5 or from 0.5 to 2.5 units; RON values are, in particular, from 88 to 98 or from 89.5 to 96. At least 70% of the total amount of this product falls to alkanes with branched chains, and the product includes 1 or at least 2, for example, from 2 up to 10 such alkanes, in particular, include from 2 to 4 such alkanes, and the content of each of them is at least 10%, in particular 20%, for example from 20 to 60%. Thus, the product may include at least 70% isopentane or at least 10% (for example, from 10 to 40%) of each of such compounds as 2,3-dimethylbutane (for example, from 20 to 40%), isopentane, 2,3-dimethylpentane (for example, from 20 to 40%) and 2,4-dimethylpentane (for example, from 20 to 40%) or at least 10% (for example, from 10 to 40%) of each of such compounds as 2,3-dimethylbutane, 2,3- and 2,4-dimethylpentanes (for example, from 20 to 40%) and isooctane (for example, from 20 to 40%). Products containing less than 30% isopentane, for example from 5 to 25% isopentane, may be preferred, especially if the composition includes at least 5% triptane or 2.2.3 trimethylpentane. The total content of alkanes with branched chains in such a product is at least 70%, in particular from 70 to 85%, and the rest falls to linear alkanes, if they are contained, such as n-butane, n-pentane and / or non-aliphatic compounds, as stated above.

Aliphatic refinery material is usually obtained from the product of oil refining, which is a product of alkane conversion obtained by the reaction of one or more alkanes or alkenes, for example, each containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, in particular branched compounds, in particular, by alkane and alkene reaction, for example isobutane and isobutene. Examples of such a conversion product are alkylation products that can be obtained by this reaction. Alkylation products are known products of petroleum refining (see, for example, the work of Oig 1pbi1 Heathrow, published by πΐίδΐι Pe1go1eis So., London, 4th edition, 1970 publication, p. 187). Acid catalysts are commonly used to conduct such reactions. They can serve as soluble catalysts, such as arrhenic acids, such as hydrofluoric, sulfuric and phosphoric acids, or insoluble catalysts, such as zeolites or heteropoly acids based on Mo or Usually, these alkylation products boil in the range from the boiling point (MNC) at a lower measure 15 ° C to boiling point (TV) in the range from 170 to 210 ° C, for example from 175 to 190 or from 185 to 205 ° C. Preferred for use in the compositions according to the invention, the oil refining product is obtained in the form of a distillation fraction of the above-mentioned material, for example an alkylation product, and this fraction is taken at temperatures from 15 to 60, for example from 30 to 60, from 60 to 80, from 80 to 90, from 90 to 95, from 95 to 100, from 100 to 103, from 103 to 106, from 106 to 110, from 110 to 115, from 115 to 125, from 125 to 140 or from 140 to 160 ° C; can be used a mixture of different fractions, for example from 15 to 60, at least one of the fractions from 60 to 80, from 80 to 90, from 90 to 95 and from 95 to 100 or from 60 to 80, or at least one of the fractions from 80 to 90, from 90 to 95, from 95 to 100, from 100 to 103 or from 103 to 106 ° C, or a combination, for example from 80 to 106 or from 90 to 106 ° C. The preferred fraction is a product obtained by distillation from an alkylation product in the temperature range from 15 to 160 ° C or from 15 to 140 ° C, in particular from 15 to 100 or from 30 to 100 ° C, or from 60 to 160 ° C, from 60 to 140, for example from 60 to 100 or from 90 to 125 ° C. It was found that using fractions with boiling points in the range from 15 to 160 ° C, in particular from 90 to 125 ° C or from 15 to 100 ° C, such as from 60 to 100 ° C, it is possible to produce unleaded gasolines, which during combustion, they form generally reduced amounts of hydrocarbon emissions and reduced amounts of carbon monoxide, such as CO2 emissions, unlike those derived from an alkylation product as a whole or from specific fractions with temperatures above 160 ° C. The fraction obtained from the alkylation product at temperatures above 160 ° C can be used in the composition of jet fuel, diesel fuel or kerosene, while the fraction obtained from the alkylation product at lower temperatures, ranging from 160 or 100 ° C, can be used as part of gasoline. Due to the reduced elasticity of their vapors according to the Reid, the fraction with boiling points from 60 to 160 ° C can be used as part of summer gasolines. Fractions with boiling points below 100 ° C can also be used to increase the volatility of unleaded gasolines, for example, in order to simplify the preparation of gasolines with a percentage of components evaporating at 100 ° C at least 46.

- 2 006229

The boiling points of the suitable fraction for use are at least in a part of the range from 90 to 106 ° C, for example from 90 to 95 ° C, from 95 to 100, from 100 to 103 or from 103 to 106 ° C, since it causes the optimum octane combined with reduced emissions. These fractions can be used as such in compositions and gasolines according to the invention, but they can be mixed with at least one fraction with an increased 1 _kip , for example, from 106 to 110, from 110 to 115, from 115 to 125, or from 125 to 140 ° C , in particular from 106 to 125 ° C (preferably in ratios from 5: 1 to 1:30) or with at least one fraction with reduced 1 _kip , for example from 60 to 80 or from 80 to 90, in particular from 60 to 90 ° C (preferably in ratios from 9: 1 to 1: 9, in particular from 5: 1 to 1: 1).

However, in the preferred embodiment, the fraction, the boiling point of which lies at least in part of the range from 90 to 106 ° C, is used as the sole or main component (a) of the compositions, gasolines and for other purposes of the present invention together with the component (g ); such fractions provide pure high-octane unleaded gasoline, in particular gasoline that does not include oxygen-containing products, with an EHR value of at least 97, an OCM value of at least 86, and low emissions. Examples of such compositions and gasolines are fuels with EYC from 97 to 99.5 or from 97.5 to 99, OCM from 86.5 to 89, vapor pressure according to Reid (UPR) from 55 to 65 kPa, for example from 55 to 60 kPa , the percentage of components evaporating at 70 ° C, from 12 to 35%, the percentage of components evaporating at 100 ° C, from 46 to 62%, the percentage of components evaporating at 150 ° C, from 95 to 100%, percentage the proportion of components evaporating at 180 ° C, from 97.5 to 100%, density from 0.715 to 0.74, for example from 0.72 to 0.738, kg / l, benzene content from 0.5 to 1.5%, for example from 0.5 to 1%, aromatic compounds from 16 to 28%, for example from 16 to 23%, olefins from 3 to 14%, in particular from 4 to 12%. They can be prepared from butane mixtures in an amount of 0 or from 0.5 to 6.6%, an alkylation product with the entire range of boiling points in an amount from 1 to 25%, for example, from 5 to 20%, a light hydrocracking product in an amount of 0 or from 15 to 25%, gasoline product of cracking with water vapor with the whole range of boiling points in the amount of 10 to 45%, gasoline-ligroin fraction in the amount of 0 or from 0.5 to 5%, gasoline product of catalytic cracking with the entire range of boiling points in the number of 0 or from 1 to 5%,

2,2,4-trimethylpentane in an amount of 0 or from 0.5 to 25%, in particular from 0.5 to 5%, and the alkylate fraction (fractions) is usually in the total amount from 25 to 45%. The amount of the latter can be in the form of fractions with a boiling point (90-95, 95-100, 100-103, 103-106 ° C) used for one of the fractions 25-45%, or for mixtures of one or several fractions with a boiling point 15 -60, 60-80 ° С (in particular, 315%) and by-product 106-110, 110-115, 115-125 ° С (in particular, 7-40%, for example, 7-20%).

In addition, the remaining fractions, i.e., those whose boiling points are above and below the boiling points of the fraction are from 90 to 106 ° C, especially those whose boiling points lie in a part of the range from 15 to 80 ° C, and those boiling which lie in part of the range from 106 to 125 ° C, can be combined, for example, in proportions from 5: 1 to 1: 5, and this combination is used as component (a) in compositions, gasoline and for other purposes the invention together with component (d); such fractions provide pure low-octane unleaded gasolines, in particular gasolines that do not include oxygen-containing products, with an EHR values of at least 92 and OCM values of at least 80 and also low emissions. Examples of such compositions and gasolines prepared from a mixture of fractions with high and low boiling points are fuels with OChI from 92 to 98, for example from 92 to 95 or from 95 to 98, OCM from 80 to 88, for example from 80 to 84 or 84 to 88, UPR from 50 to 65 kPa, for example from 50 to 55 or from 55 to 60 kPa, the percentage of components evaporating at 70 ° C, from 12 to 35%, the percentage of components evaporating at 100 ° C, 46 to 62%, the percentage of components evaporating at 150 ° C, from 94 to 100%, the percentage of components evaporating at 180 ° C, from 97.5 to 100%, density from 0.715 to 0.74, on Example from 0.72 to 0.738, kg / l, benzene content from 0.5 to 1.5%, for example from 0.5 to 1%, aromatic compounds from 13 to 28%, for example from 13 to 20%, olefins from 3 to 14%, in particular from 3 to 10%. They can be prepared from butane mixtures in an amount of 0 or from 0.5 to 3%, an alkylation product with a whole range of boiling points in an amount from 10 to 40%, for example, from 15 to 30%, a gasoline product of steam cracking with a whole range of points boiling in an amount of from 15 to 50%, for example from 15 to 35%, gasoline oligroin fraction in the amount of 0 to 10-20% and alkylate fraction (fractions) are usually in the total amount from 25 to 45%. The amount of this last can be from 5 to 25% (of the total amount of the composition) in the form of one or several fractions with boiling points from 15 to 60, from 60 to 80 and from 80 to 90 ° C and from 10 to 30% in total ( from the total amount of the composition) in the form of fractions with boiling points from 106 to 110, from 110 to 115, from 115 to 125 ° C, in particular from 110 to 125 ° C.

With this tool, virtually the entire alkylation product can be converted into 2 pure fuel products with high and low octane numbers.

Distillation of the above-mentioned reaction product, for example, an alkylation product, to obtain the first fraction with a boiling point above 160 ° C and the second fraction with a boiling point below 160 ° C; Mixing this first fraction with other liquid mixed hydrocarbon components allows producing jet fuel, diesel or kerosene. Confusing this second

- 3 006229 fractions with other liquid gasoline mixed components results in motor gasoline.

As component (d) contained in the compositions according to the invention, at least one paraffin, aromatic and / or olefinic hydrocarbon with! _Kip below 160 ° C. Examples of such components are the components described below from (b) to (e), and each of these components may contain either 2 or more of them.

Examples of branched chain alkanes (usually containing from 4 to 12, for example from 4 to 8 carbon atoms each), which serve as component (a), are isoalkanes, each of which contains from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular isobutane, isopentane and isooctane, as well as dimethyl alkanes, such as 2,3-dimethylbutane. A branched alkane typically contains at least one, preferably two methyl groups at the 2nd carbon atom in the alkane chain. This branched alkane is usually at least 30%, for example from 30 to 80%, in particular from 50 to 80%, of the total amount of the saturated component of the composition or of the total amount of the saturated component of the alkylation product fraction, and the rest is essentially other alkanes with branched chains that do not meet the above definition, for example with! _kip from 100 to 160 ° C or low OCM value, and / or to linear hydrocarbons, each of which contains from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, as indicated above. The saturated component may also include small amounts of cycloalkanes, as mentioned above.

The compositions of the invention generally include less than 5% triptane or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane, in particular less than 4.9 or 1%, and are in particular practically free from triptane or 2,2,3trimethylpentane (for example, include in general less than 0.5 or 0.1% of these both components, if they are contained). However, if necessary, especially in cases of fractions boiling at temperatures above 60 ° C, for example, from 60 to 160 or from 60 to 100 ° C, triptan and / or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane can be contained in such a composition in the amount of at least 5 or 8%, in particular from 5 to 20%.

In the composition according to the invention, component (e) can be component (b), which is at least one saturated liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon containing from 4 to 12, from 4 to 10, in particular from 5 to 10, for example from 5 to 8 carbon atoms. Alternatively, component (b) is contained in at least one of such materials as an isomerization product, a full-range alkylation product with a TB above 170 ° C, straight-run gasoline, a light reforming product, a light hydrocracking product, and an aviation alkylation product. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises at least one of such materials as olefin (for example, in an amount of from 1 to 30%, in particular from 8 to 18%) and / or at least one aromatic hydrocarbon (for example, in an amount from 1 up to 50%, in particular from 3 to 35%), and / or less than 5% benzene. The preferred composition may include from 5 to 40% of component (a), less than 1% of benzene and be characterized by the Reid vapor pressure at 37.8 ° C, determined according to A8TM Ό-323, from 30 to 120 kPa. This composition is typically a mixed composition based on unleaded gasoline.

As branched chain alkanes, for example compounds A, alkanes can be used, each of which contains from 8 to 12 carbon atoms (mainly from 8 to 10 or 8 or 10 carbon atoms) with 3 methyl and / or ethyl side groups . Methyl side groups are preferred. These compounds are characterized by the longest chain of carbon atoms, hereinafter called the main chain, containing from 4 to 6 carbon atoms (in particular, 4 or 5), to which the methyl and / or ethyl side groups are linked. In the preferred embodiment, especially with regard to the first to tenth rows, which are described later, there are no side groups that comprise branches other than methyl or ethyl, and the backbone of carbon atoms essentially has no any linear alkyl groups with more than 2 carbon atoms, no 1,2-ethylene or 1,3-propylene groups in the chain, and in particular any methylene groups in the chain, unless they are part of ethyl group. Thus, there are no n-propyl or n-butyl groups forming part of the main chain. When the composition includes at least one compound (A), an alkane containing from 9 to 12 carbon atoms, for example 9 or 10 carbon atoms, in the preferred embodiment, it usually also includes less than 50% or 10% alkane compound (A) with 8 carbon by atoms.

Such compounds may include 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl groups bound to the same backbone carbon atom, in particular 1 or 2 methyl groups and 0 or 1 ethyl group. The carbon atom in the main chain, which contains branches, is not terminal, i.e. represents the internal carbon atom of the main chain, in particular the carbon atom of the main chain, which is assigned the number 2, 3 and / or 4. Thus, the compound contains geminal methyl substituents at the carbon atom in position 2, 3 or 4, especially in position 2 but particularly in position 3.

The first row of compounds A has one pair of methyl methyl side substituents that are in position 2.

- 4 006229

Compounds A of the second row have one pair of heminyl methyl side substituents in the main chain containing from 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Preferred compounds of this second row are characterized by an OCM value of at least 100.

The third row compounds have one group of geminyl methyl side groups, i.e. -SMe ₂ - in the main chain, while one of the adjacent carbon atoms of the main chain has a methyl or ethyl branch, in particular, a methyl side group.

The fourth row compounds have one pair of gemini methyl branches at the carbon atom in position 2 of the main chain and there is one methyl branch at the carbon atom in position 3 of the main chain. The value of the EMI of such compounds is at least 111. Preferred compounds contain 8 or 10 carbon atoms.

Compound A of the fifth row contains 3 methyl or ethyl substituents at various carbon atoms of the main chain, in particular at adjacent carbon atoms.

The sixth row compounds include linear backbones containing 4 or 6 carbon atoms and include 3 methyl branches, one pair of which makes up one geminal group (CMe ₂ ), in particular in the absence of a 1,2-ethyl group in the main chain.

Compounds of the seventh row include linear backbones containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and 3 branches, one pair of which makes up one geminal group, at 25 ° C they are usually liquids and usually show an RH value above 105. They, in particular, have only methyl side groups; the value of OCM of such compounds is usually at least 101.

Preferred compounds A of the eighth group contain one chain of carbon atoms with geminal methyl side groups, with one branch with a carbon atom adjacent to the geminal atom, and any group with an ethyl C chain in the main chain contains 5 carbon atoms, i.e. represents (ethyl) ₂ CH or ethyl-CME ₂ -.

A particularly preferred subclass (ninth row) of compounds A is alkanes comprising 3 methyl or ethyl substituents that are (I) with adjacent internal carbon atoms containing a total of 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms in these substituents; or (II) with a total content of 3 carbon atoms in these substituents and one terminal group of CHMe ₂ , or (III) with a total content of 3 carbon atoms in these substituents and the content of only secondary internal carbon atoms in the longest chain of carbon atoms.

Among the compounds of this subclass, variants (I) and (II) are preferred, especially with geminal methyl groups with an internal carbon atom in the chain.

So, the application describes an unleaded mixed composition, characterized by an OCM value of at least 81 or 85 and an OCM value of at least 91 or 94, which includes as component (a) in general at least 15% of one or more branched alkane compounds A ¹ containing from 8 to 12 carbon atoms each (in particular, from 4 to 6 carbon atoms in each main chain) with 3 methyl or ethyl side groups and at least 2 carbon atoms of the main chain, which are secondary and / or tertiary carbon and atoms (the goal is that the main chain contains no more than one tertiary carbon atom), provided that if there are only 2 such carbon atoms, then one of them is tertiary, and the minimum content of at least one individual compound A is not less than 10% (of the volume of the composition), and component (b), the nature and amount of which are presented in the present description preferably under the above condition. In the main chain of the aforementioned component A ¹ , which may be the same as or different from compound A, and thus belongs to the tenth row, internal (i.e. non-terminal) carbon atoms may be contained, of which ( I) 1 is tertiary and 1 is secondary, in particular (II) in the presence of tertiary and secondary adjacent carbon atoms, or (III) 1 is tertiary, 1 is secondary and 1 is primary, especially in the presence of adjacent tertiary and secondary carbon atoms or non-adjacent secondary carbon atoms, or (IV) in the presence of 3 W ary carbon atoms, of which at least 2, such as 3, are adjacent. Compounds A ¹ usually do not contain 2 primary internal carbon atoms of the main chain at the sites of adjacent carbon atoms, i.e. as in the 1.2 ethylene group. In the preferred embodiment, all primary internal carbon atoms of the main chain are not between, for example, adjacent on both sides with respect to the tertiary or secondary carbon atom, on the one hand, and the secondary carbon atom, on the other hand. At least 2 of the above-mentioned carbon atoms of the main chain in compounds A ¹ are adjacent.

Another category, the eleventh row, consists of compounds А ¹ , which contain (provided that they have only 3 branched groups) (I) as one end of the main chain a group of the formula СНВ'В ² . where each of B ¹ and B ² , which are the same or different, denotes a methyl or ethyl group, and (II) as one end of the main chain a group of the formula SNB ¹ B ² B ³ , where B ¹ and B ² have the meanings indicated above and B ³ is methyl or ethyl. Compounds A ¹ are preferred which contain groups of both (I) and (II), especially when the START group ^! In ² represents

- 5 006229

SNMe ₂ when the compound contains 8 carbon atoms or a main chain with 5 carbon atoms and when all internal carbon atoms in the main chain are secondary or tertiary (provided that there are a total of 3 branched groups).

Under pressure of 1 bar, the boiling point of compounds A or A ¹ can be from 129 to 150 ° C, from 110 to 129 ° C, or from 90 to 109 ° C. The preferred boiling point is in particular at least 105 ° C, for example from 105 to 175 ° C, provided that the compound A or A ^{1 is} not 2,2,3 trimethylpentane, or at least 112 ° C, in particular from 112 to 175 ° C.

Compounds A or A ^{1 of} another category may include 3 methyl and / or ethyl side groups on the main chain containing from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, especially when the ratio between the numbers of carbon atoms in the branches and the carbon atoms in the main chain is at least 0.55 : 1, for example from 0.55 to 0.9: 1, in particular from 0.63 to 0.9: 1. If the value of the above ratio is not at least 0.63 or 0.75, these compounds usually include 9 carbon atoms.

The preferred compounds are 2,2,3-trimethylpentane (A3), 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) (A4), 2,2-Me ₂ -3-ethylpentane (A5), 2,3,3-trimethylpentane ( A6), 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane (A8) and

2,3,4-trimethylpentane (A9). The branched hydrocarbon may also not be 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and / or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane.

Compounds a or a ¹ are either known compounds that can be obtained in accordance with published methods in the literature, or new compounds that can be obtained in accordance with methods known from the literature (for example, as outlined in the work of K1gk Oyipsg Syet1sa1 Tesypo1odu, 3rd Edition, Riy XVPSU). Examples of acceptable methods of obtaining are known methods for producing alkanes by carbon-carbon combination reactions. Such methods may include the reaction of one or several, usually 1 or 2, alkyl chlorides, bromides or iodides with an elemental metal of groups 1A, 11A, ΙΒ or ΙΙΒ of the Periodic Table, as described in Abuapseb 1 when Syet181guyyyu E.A. Soyop + 6. νίΚη ^ η, RiTshegaaepse, New York, 2nd edition, 1966, in particular with sodium, magnesium or zinc. As an alkyl halide, a branched-chain compound is usually used, containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular with methyl or ethyl side groups, in particular with a halogen atom associated with the CMe2 group in one of the alkyl halides. The preferred halide corresponds to the formula MeCMe2X or E1CMe2X, where X is C1, Br or I, and the other halide is a secondary halide, for example, of formula BB ¹ CH-X, where each of B and B ¹ is methyl or ethyl, in particular isopropyl or vtorbutyl -, or sec-amyl halide, or a primary branched alkyl halide, for example, of formula B ^P CH2X, where B ¹¹ denotes a branched alkyl group containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, with methyl or ethyl branches, such as isopropyl, isobutyl and iso-amyl. In another embodiment, both halides can be secondary, for example, the formulas BB ¹ CHX, as presented above, and B ^W B ^1U CHX, where B ¹¹¹ is methyl or ethyl, and B ^1U has the same meanings as indicated for B ¹¹ , such as isopropyl, one of them can be secondary (as mentioned above), and the other can be primary, for example methyl or ethyl halide. The optimal combination methods for any particular compound A or A ¹ depend on the availability of the alkyl halide (α-halides) as a precursor, as a result of which, in addition to the methods of the above types, you can also resort to a combination with methyl or ethyl halides with branched alkyl halides, each containing from 6 up to 9 carbon atoms. Alkyl halide (α-halides) are capable of interacting together in the presence of a metal (as in the reaction with sodium according to Wurtz) or they can first interact with the metal to form an organometallic compound, for example, a Grignard reagent, or an organozinc compound, followed by a reaction of the organometallic compound with another alkyl halide, if the target reaction of a Grignard reagent can proceed in the presence of a metal of group or 11B, such as silver, zinc or copper (in particular, highly active copper) , if the target Grignard reagent from one or both alkyl halides is able to interact with this last metal to produce other metal alkyl species, for example alkyl silver or alkyl copper compounds, which can be disproportioned to the reaction product of the alkane combination. Grignard reagent (s) can also react with monovalent copper halide to form a copper-containing material for the disproportionation reaction. Finally, it is possible to carry out the reaction of combining an organometallic compound, the metal of which belongs to group 1A or 11A, for example B1 or Md, with a copper-containing monovalent complex to produce the alkane coupling product.

The above reactions involving organometallic compounds are usually carried out under inert conditions, i.e. in anhydrous conditions and in the absence of oxygen, for example in an atmosphere of dry nitrogen. They are usually carried out in an inert solvent, for example in a dry hydrocarbon or ether. Upon completion of the reaction, all residual organometallic material is decomposed by adding a compound with an active hydrogen atom, such as water or alcohol, and alkanes are distilled off either directly or after distribution between the organic and aqueous phases.

- 6 006229

Examples of the preparation of highly branched alkanes are described by P.L. But ^ Agy et al. In RR5. №11. Whig 81aiiYJ5 Kekeags Rareg YAR 1779, vol. 38, March 1947, p. 365-395. The contents of this document are incorporated into this description by reference.

The crude alkanes obtained by the above methods can be used in the mixtures according to the invention as such or can be further purified, for example, by first distillation.

If necessary, compounds, in particular containing 8 carbon atoms, can be obtained by fractional distillation of refinery materials, such as straight-run gasolines, or alkylation products, such as isoalkanes, containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms each, alkanes, containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms (as stated above).

Other known methods for producing alkanes A or A ¹ include the reaction of metal alkyl compounds, such as Grignard reagents, with carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, esters and anhydrides, to produce branched chain carbinols that dehydrate to the corresponding olefin that is hydrogenated to alkane. For example, 2,3,4trimethylpentane can be obtained from isopropylmagnesium bromide and methylisopropyl ketone (with subsequent dehydration and hydrogenation), and 2,2-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane from ethylmagnesium chloride and diisopropylketone.

The composition described in the application and at least one additive for gasoline, for example an additive for automobile or aviation gasoline, may be included in the finished unleaded automobile gasoline.

Component (a) may be contained in an amount of from 5 to 95% by volume or from 8 to 90% by volume, in particular from 10 to 90% by volume, or from 15 to 65% by volume, for example from 20 to 55% by volume. % or from 10 to 40% by volume, in particular from 20 to 35% by volume, or from 40 to 90% by volume, in particular from 40 to 55% by volume or from 55 to 80%, or from 8 to 35 %, in particular from 8 to 20 vol.%. In all cases, unless otherwise indicated, the percentage in the present description is indicated as a volume, and the number of intervals given in the composition or gasoline for 2 or more components includes the content of all combinations with all intervals for all components.

Instead of fractions of alkylation products, which serve as an example of refinery material as component (a), other fractions can also be used.

As component (b), the composition according to the invention may also include at least one liquid saturated hydrocarbon containing from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular advantageously C ₇ - or C ₈ -branched compounds with branched chains, for example, iso-C ₇ - or iso-C ₈ -connection. This hydrocarbon can be an essentially pure substance, for example, n-heptane, isooctane or isopentane, or a mixture, for example, a distillation product or a reaction product as a result of a reaction during oil refining, in particular an alkylation product. The octane value determined by the motor method (OCM) of such a hydrocarbon can be from 0 to 60, but the preferred OCM value is from 60 to 96, in particular for the isomerization product (from 1 _kip to 25 to 80 ° C). The octane number determined by research (OCI) can range from 80 to 105, for example from 95 to 105, while the value of the CWMI (average value for OCM and OCI) can be from 60 to 100.

Component (b), which is different from component (a), may include a hydrocarbon component having a boiling point (preferably a boiling point) of at least 82 ° C, in particular from 85 to 150 ° C, but below 225 ° C, for example below 170 or 160 ° C, and usually an octane number determined by the motor method (OCM), at least 92, for example, from 92 to 100; such components are usually alkanes containing from 7 to 10 carbon atoms each, in particular, 7 or 8 carbon atoms, and in particular containing at least one branch in their alkyl chain, for example, from 1 to 3 side groups each, preferably at an internal carbon atom, in particular, containing at least one group —C (CH3) 2-.

The total volume of the component (b) or the volume of the mixtures that represent component (b), in particular, as a combination, each of the following components (if present) from (i) to (iv): (i) the catalytic reforming product, (Ii) heavy catalytic cracking gasoline, (iii) light catalytic cracking gasoline, and (iv) straight-run gasoline included in the composition typically ranges from 10 to 80%, for example, from 25 to 70%, from 40 to 65%, or from 20 to 40%, and this percentage is higher, the lower the percentage of com onenta (a).

Component (b) can be a mixture of liquid saturated hydrocarbons, for example, a distillation product, in particular, a gasoline ligroin fraction, or straight-run gasoline, or a reaction product obtained as a result of reactions during oil refining, for example, an alkylation product, including an alkylation product with the entire range of points boiling (from 1 _kip from 30 to 190 ° С), isomerization product (from 1 _kip from 25 to 80 ° С), light reforming product (from 1 _kip from 20 to 79 ° С) or light hydrocracking product. The mixture may contain at least 60 wt.% Or not less than 70 wt.%, For example from 60 to 95 or from 70 to 90 wt.%, Of a liquid saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon.

The compositions can also include mixtures of component (a), for example, alkylation product fractions with boiling points from 15 to 100 ° C, and alkylation product with the entire range of boiling points (i.e., TV above 170 ° C, for example 190 ° C) in ratio from 9: 1 to 1: 9, in particular 5-9: 5-1 or 1-3: 9-7. With

- 7 006229 of necessity, such mixtures can be prepared by dividing the alkylation product with the whole range of boiling points into the first and second portions, the first portion being distilled in order to obtain the target fraction, and then this fraction is mixed with the second portion. The residue after selection of the fraction can be used for any other purpose, as described above.

In this composition, the volumetric amounts as component (b) of mixtures {mainly saturated liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon fractions, for example, the total amount of the isomerization product, the alkylation product with the whole range of boiling points, gasoline-ligroin fraction and straight-run gasoline [in each case present in the composition (if they are contained)]} can be from 4 to 60%, in particular from 4 to 25%, or preferably from 10 to 55%, in particular from 25 to 45%. In the preferred embodiment, the alkylation product with the entire range of boiling points and straight-run gasoline as component (b) are not necessarily contained together, but preferably one in the absence of the other, in particular from 2 to 50%, in particular from 10 to 45%, for example from 10 to 25%, from 25 to 45% or from 25 to 40%. The compositions of the invention may also include a gasoline oligroin fraction, for example in a volume of from 0 to 25%, in particular from 2 to 25%, from 10 to 25% or from 2 to 10%.

As a component (c), the compositions may include a hydrocarbon component, which is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, the boiling point of which under atmospheric pressure is less than 80 ° C, in particular from 20 to 50 ° C, preferably from own value of the octane number determined by the motor method is greater than 88, in particular at least 90, for example, from 88 to 93 or from 90 to 92. Examples of such a hydrocarbon component include alkanes containing 4 or 5 carbon atoms in, in particular, isopentane, which can serve as practically pure or crude hydrocarbon fraction from the product of reforming or isomerization, containing at least 30%, for example from 30 to 80%, in particular from 50 to 70%, and the main impurities contain up to 40 % monomethylpentane and up to 50% dimethylbutane. The hydrocarbon component may be an alkane with a boiling point (at atmospheric pressure) from -20 to + 20 ° C, for example, n- and / or isobutane, optionally in mixtures with a C ₅ alkane in a ratio from 99.5: 0.5 to 0, 5: 99.5, for example, from 88:12 to 75:25. Preferred n-butane alone or in a mixture with isopentane, mainly in the above proportions, and the volume of butane in the composition is, in particular, up to 20%, in particular from 1 to 15%, for example from 1 to 8, from 3 to 8 or from 8 to 15%.

Cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons may be present, each containing from 5 to 7 carbon atoms, such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, but usually in amounts less than 15% of the total, for example, from 1 to 10%.

In the composition, the total volumetric amounts of the isomerization product, the alkylation product with the whole range of boiling points, gasoline ligroin fraction, gasoline of direct race, liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons containing from 4 to 6 carbon atoms each (as described above), and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons (in each subject to availability, they can range from 5 to 60%, in particular from 8 to 25%, from 15 to 55%, in particular from 30 to 50%.

Preferably, these compositions also include as component (6) at least one olefin (in particular, with one double bond per molecule), which is a liquid alkene containing from 5 to 10, for example from 6 to 8, carbon atoms, such as a linear or branched alkene, for example pentene, isopentene, hexene, isohexene or heptene or 2-methyl-2-pentene, or a mixture comprising alkenes, which can be obtained by cracking, for example, by catalytic or thermal cracking of the residue from direct distillation of crude oil, for example wasp Atka from distillation of crude oil under atmospheric pressure or vacuum; this mixture can be a heavy or light catalytic cracking gasoline (or a combination thereof). Cracking can contribute to water vapor. Other examples of olefin-containing mixtures include C ₆ L18oteg, a product of catalytic polymerization, and 6a-1e. Typically, olefin mixtures include at least 10 wt.% Olefins, in particular at least 40 wt.%, In particular from 40 to 80 wt.%. Preferred mixtures are (XI) gasoline cracking with steam, (XII) catalytic cracking gasoline, (XIII) C ₆ L18oteg, and (XIV) catalytic polymerization product, although gasoline is not necessarily the preferred catalytic cracking. In the composition, the total amounts of olefin mixtures, in particular, the total amounts of components (XI) to (XIV) (if they are contained at all) can be equal from 0 to 55, for example from 10 to 55, or from 18 to 37, in particular from 23 up to 35, or from 20 to 55, in particular from 40 to 55%, or from 23 to 40%. The preferred total content of components (XI) and (XII) (if present) in the composition is from 18 to 55, in particular from 18 to 35, from 18 to 30, or from 35 to 55% by volume.

Such an olefin or mixture of olefins is typically characterized by an OChM value from 70 to 90, an OChM value from 85 to 95, and a SMMI value from 80 to 92.

The total content of olefin (s) in the gasoline composition of the invention may be 0% or from 0 to 30%, for example from 0.1 to 30%, in particular from 1 to 30%, for example from 2 to 25, 5 to 30 ( in particular, from 3 to 30%), from 5 to 18.5, from 5 to 18, or from 10 to 20%. Preferred composition

- 8 006229 includes at least 1% olefin, and a maximum of 18% or, in particular, a maximum of 14%, but may not contain olefin.

The compositions as component (e) may also include at least one aromatic compound, preferably an alkyl aromatic compound, such as toluene, o-, m-, and p-xylene, and their mixture, or trimethylbenzene. Aromatic compounds can be added in the form of individual compounds, for example toluene, or can be introduced in the form of a mixture of aromatic compounds, comprising at least 30 wt.% Aromatic compounds, in particular from 30 to 100%, mainly from 50 to 90%. Such mixtures can be prepared from catalytic reforming or cracking gasoline derived from heavy naphtha. Examples of such mixtures are (XXI) catalytic reforming product and (XXII) heavy reforming product. The amounts of individual compounds, for example toluene, in the composition can be equal to from 0 to 35%, in particular from 2 to 33%, for example from 10 to 33%, while the amounts of mixtures of aromatic compounds, in particular the totality of reforming products (XXI) and ( XXII) (if they are contained at all), the composition may comprise from 0 to 50% by volume, in particular from 1 to 33% by volume, for example from 2 to 15% by volume or from 2 to 10% by volume, or from 15 to 32 vol.%, And the total amount of reforming products (XXI), (XXII) and added individual compounds (for example, toluene) can be equal to from 0 to 50 o b.%, for example from 0.5 to 20% by volume or from 5 to 40% by volume, in particular from 15 to 35% by volume or from 5 to 25% by volume.

Such aromatic compounds are usually characterized by an OCM value from 90 to 110, for example, from 100 to 110, an EHR value from 100 to 120, in particular from 110 to 120, and a CMVI value from 95 to 110. The volumetric content of aromatic compounds in the composition is usually 0% or from 0 to 50%, in particular less than 40% or less than 28%, or less than 20%, in particular from 1 to 50%, from 2 to 40%, from 3 to 28%, from 4 to 25%, from 5 up to 20% (mostly from 10 to 20%), from 4 to 10% or from 20 to 35%, mainly toluene. Gasoline compositions may also contain practically no aromatic compounds. Preferred amounts of aromatics are less than 42%, for example less than 35% or preferably less than 30%. The preferred amount of benzene is less than 5%, more preferably less than 1.5 or 1%, for example from 0.1 to 1%, of the total volume or less than 0.1% of the total weight of the composition.

Compositions as a component (ί) may also include at least one oxygen-containing product as an additive that increases the octane number, usually with an octane number determined by the motor method, at least from 96 to 105, for example, from 98 to 103. This oxygen-containing the product can be any organic liquid substance, comprising, and preferably consisting of, CH and at least one oxygen atom, for example, from 1 to 5, with 1 _kip below 225 ° C. Usually, an ether is used as an octane-increasing additive, for example, a dialkyl ether, in particular an asymmetric ether, preferably in which each alkyl contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and in particular, one alkyl is branched-chain alkyl, ranging from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular tertiary alkyl, preferably comprising from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, such as tert-butyl or tert-amyl, and other alkyl contains from 1 to 6, for example from 1 to 3, carbon atoms, mostly linear minutes, such as methyl or ethyl. Examples of such oxygen-containing products include methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether and methyl tert-amyl ether. Alcohol containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, ethanol, can also serve as such an oxygen-containing product. As the oxygen-containing product, it is also possible to use an organic carbonate, for example, a dialkyl carbonate comprising in each alkyl from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, for example, dimethyl carbonate.

The volumetric amount of oxygen-containing product may be 0 or from 0 to 25%, in particular from 1 to 25%, from 2 to 20%, from 2 to 10% or from 5 to 20%, preferably from 5 to 15%, but less expediently 3%, in particular from 1 to 3% (mainly MTBE and / or ethanol). The composition or gasoline can also be practically free of oxygen-containing product.

Thus, an unleaded mixed composition is obtained with an OCM value of at least 81 or 85 and an EMI value of at least 91 or 94, which includes (a) in general at least 15% of one or more branched hydrocarbon compounds A or A ¹ , and the minimum content of at least one individual compound A or A ¹ is at least 5%, and (b) at least 20% of at least one of the other liquid hydrocarbons from 1 _kip from 60 to 160 ° С, characterized by the value of OCM by at least 70 and the value of the EYE At least 90, mainly when component (b) does not meet the definition of compound A or A ¹ , in particular when trimethylpentane serves as component (a). Examples of liquid hydrocarbons are paraffins, such as linear and branched alkanes containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms each, such as isobutane, butane, isopentane, dimethyl alkanes, such as 2,3-dimethylbutane, cycloalkanes, such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, aromatic compounds and olefins.

Another unleaded mixed composition according to the invention with an OCM value of at least 81 or 85 and an EHR value of at least 91 or 94 includes component (a), as described above, and as component (b) of at least 20% of at least one gasoline ligroin fraction of direct race, product of isomerization of alkylation product (from 1 _kip from 25 to 80 ° C), heavy product

- 9 006229 reforming, light reforming product (c! _Bale from 20 to 79 ° C), hydrocracking product, aviation alkylation product (c! _Bale from 30 to 190 ° C), straight-run gasoline, gasoline cracking, such as heavy and light catalytic cracking gasoline, or steam cracking gasoline. Straight race products are obtained directly from crude oil by distillation at atmospheric pressure. The gasoline ligroin fraction can be a light gasoline ligroin distillate with! _Kip from 30 to 90 ° C, the average gasoline ligroin distillate with! _kip from 90 to 150 ° C or heavy ligroin with! _kip from 150 to 220 ° C.

In such mixtures, the amount of at least one individual compound A or A ^{1 is} usually at least 5% or at least 10 or 15%, in particular from 5 to 60%, for example from 15 to 60% or from 8 to 25% , from 20 to 35%, or from 30 to 55%, or from 2 to 10%. The amount of compound A4, if present, is usually at least 10% of the composition. The preferred total content of trimethylpentanes in the mixture is less than 69% of the mixture, but at least 26% is advisable (especially when the amount of aromatics is less than 17%). If the component (a) is an alkane with 9 or 10 carbon atoms, the amount of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is preferably less than 70 or 50%. It may be possible to have more than one such compound A or A ¹ , for example, with high and low OCh values in mass ratios from 9: 1 to 0.5: 99.5, in particular from 0.5: 1 to 5: 1 or from 5 : 95 to 20:80, especially for mixtures with higher or lower boiling points (at atmospheric pressure), for example, in which compounds A and / or A ¹ have boiling points that differ by at least 10 ° C, for example at least 40 ° C., in particular from 10 to 70 ° C or from 20 to 50 ° C, and their relative amounts are as indicated above. The cumulative amounts of all compounds A and A ¹ (if they are contained) in a mixture can range from 15 to 70, for example, from 15 to 60, from 15 to 40, or from 30 to 55%, or from 40 to 60%.

The mixture may also comprise predominantly aliphatic refinery materials such as naphtha, straight run gasoline (also known as light naphtha distillate! _Heated from 25 to 120 ° C), alkylate and isomerate. Their cumulative amount may be from 10 to 70%, in particular from 10 to 30, from 30 to 70, or from 35 to 65%. The amount of gasoline ligroin fraction can be equal to from 0 to 70% or from 1 to 70%, in particular from 10 to 30, from 30 to 70% or from 35 to 65%, while the amount of light gasoline ligroin distillate can be 0 or from 1 to 70, in particular from 1 to 20, or preferably from 30 to 65%, and the amount of the average gasoline ligroin distillate can be 0 or from 1 to 55, in particular from 3 to 20 or from 15 to 55%. The volume ratio between light and medium gasoline ligroin distillates can be from 50: 1 to 1:50, in particular from 0.5 to 20: 1 or 1: 0.5 to 50. The amounts of the alkylation product and the isomerization product (if they are contained) can be from 0.5 to 20%, in particular from 1 to 10%, while the amounts of the hydrocracking product can be from 0.5 to 30%, for example from 10 to 30 %

These mixtures usually contain a total of at least 70% saturated compounds, in particular from 70 to 98% or from 70 to 90%, or from 90 to 98%.

If necessary, especially for aviation gasoline, mixtures may include a hydrocarbon component, which is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and which is characterized by a boiling point under atmospheric pressure below 80 ° C, in particular from 20 to 50 ° C, especially the eigenvalue value of the octane number determined by the motor method, is above 88, in particular at least 90, for example, from 88 to 93 or from 90 to 92. Examples of the hydrocarbon component include alkanes containing 4 or 5 carbon atoms, in particular isopentane, which can be practically pure or crude hydrocarbon fractions from the product of reforming or isomerization, containing at least 30%, for example from 30 to 80%, in particular from 50 to 70%, and the main pollutants impurities contain up to 40% monomethylpentanes and up to 50% dimethylbutanes. The hydrocarbon component may be an alkane with a boiling point (at atmospheric pressure) from -20 to + 20 ° C, for example, n- and / or isobutane, optionally in mixtures with a C ₅ alkane in a ratio from 99.5: 0.5 to 0, 5: 99.5, for example, from 88:12 to 75:25. Preferred n-butane alone or mixed with isopentane, mainly in the above proportions, and the volume of butane in the composition is, in particular, up to 20%, in particular from 1 to 15%, for example from 1 to 8, from 3 to 8 or from 8 to 15%, mostly from 1 to 3.5%.

The hydrocarbon component boiling at a temperature below 80 ° C, in particular isopentane, can also be included in the compositions according to the invention, which include at least one compound A or A ¹ containing at least 10 carbon atoms. The relative content of such compounds A or A ¹ and a low-boiling component, for example isopentane, can be from 1 to 9:91, in particular from 5 to 9: 5-1, mainly when the content of compounds A or A ¹ in the composition is less than 20%.

Cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons may be contained, for example, each containing from 5 to 7 carbon atoms, in particular cyclopentane or cyclohexane, but usually in amounts less than 15% of the total, for example, from 1 to 10%.

- 10 006229

The mixture may also include at least one component (a) and component (d), as well as optional components from (c) to (), and the finished unleaded gasoline also includes at least one gasoline additive, such as an additive to gasoline or to aviation gasoline, in particular, such as those included in the list of components according to A8TM Ό-4814 standard, which is included in the present description by reference, or specifically mentioned by the authorities, for example, Sashoksha A1g Vekoigsek Voyagy (CABB) or the Environmental Protection Agency Environment (DOE). These additives are different from liquid fuel components such as MTBE. Such additives can serve as those that do not contain lead, presented in the work of Sakoupe apy 01ek1 Bie1 Ayyvek, K. O \ '' en. published I. ^ 11eu, Chichester, UK, 1989, chapters 1 and 2, I8 3955938, EP 0233250 and EP 288296, the contents of which are included in the present description as references. These additives can be pre-chamber combustion additives or combustion additives. Examples of additives are antioxidants, such as amine and phenol type additives, corrosion inhibitors, anti-icing additives, such as glycol ethers or alcohols, engine wash additives such as succinic acid imide, polyalkylamine and polyetheramine types, and antistatic additives, such as ampholytic surfactants, metal deactivators, such as thioamide-type deactivators, flame retardants from contact with a hot surface, such as organic phosphorus compounds, combustion aids, such as alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, as well as sulfuric acid monoesters and higher alcohols, additives against increased valve seat wear, such as alkali metal compounds, such as sodium salts or potassium, such as borates and carboxylates, for example sulfosuccinates, and coloring agents, such as azo dyes. You can apply one or more additives (for example, from 2 to 4) of the same or different types, in particular a combination of at least one antioxidant and at least one detergent additive. Preferred are antioxidants such as one or more sterically hindered phenols, for example, compounds with a tertiary butyl group in one or both of the ortho positions to the phenolic hydroxyl group, in particular, such as those shown below in example 1. Each of these additives may, in particular, contain in the composition in amounts from 0.1 to 100 ppm, for example, from 1 to 20 ppm, usually an antioxidant, preferably as one or more sterically hindered phenols. The total amount of additives usually does not exceed 1000 ppm, for example, from 1 to 1000 ppm.

Such compositions and gasolines are free from organo-lead compounds and usually from manganese additives, such as manganese carbonyls.

These compositions and gasolines may comprise up to 0.1% sulfur, for example, from 0.000 to 0.02 wt.%, In particular from 0.002 to 0.01 wt.%.

Automobile gasoline compositions, in particular compositions based on distillate fractions, for example fractions during the distillation of alkylation products, are usually characterized by an OCM value from 80 to less than 98, in particular from 80 to 95, from 83 to 93, from 85 to 90 or from 93 to 98 Their RON values are usually from 90 to 115, for example from 102 to 115 or, preferably, from 90 to 102, preferably from 90 to 100, for example from 90 to 99, in particular from 90 to 93, for example 91 or 93 to 98, for example, from 94.5 to 97.5 or from 97 to 101, while the value of the SMMI is usually from 85 to 107, for example, from 98 d 106 or, preferably, from 85 to 98, in particular from 85 to 95, for example from 85 to 90 or from 90 to 95, or from 95 to 98. Preferred gasoline compositions are characterized by OCM from 80 to 83, OCHI from 90 to 93 and SCFMI from 85 to 90, or OCM, from 83 to 93, LEP, from 93 to 98, and SMMI, from 85 to 95, or OCM, from 85 to 90, LEA, from 97 to 101 and SUMM, from 91 to 96. The net calorific value of gasoline (also referred to as specific energy) is typically at least 18,000 brit. warm units / lb, for example at least 18,500, 18,700 or 18,900, in particular from 18,500 to 19,500, in particular from 18,700 to 19,300 or from 18,900 to 19,200; the calorific value may be equal to at least 42 MJ / kg, for example at least 43.5 MJ / kg, in particular from 42 to 45 or from 43 to 45, in particular from 43.5 to 44.5 MJ / kg. Such gasoline is characterized by boiling range (according to standard A8TM Ό-86) from 20 to 225 ° C, in particular with a fraction of not more than 5%, for example, from 0 to 5% or from 1 to 3%, boiling in the range from 161 to 200 ° WITH. At 70 ° C, at least 10% of this gasoline is usually evaporated, while 50% evaporate when it reaches a temperature in the range from 77 to 120 ° C, preferably from 77 to 116 ° C, and at 185 ° C at least 90% evaporate. Usually this gasoline has such properties that from 8 to 50%, for example from 10 to 50%, can evaporate at 70 ° С, from 40 to 74% - at 100 ° С, from 70 to 99.5%, for example from 70 up to 97% - at 150 ° С and from 90 to 99% can evaporate at 180 ° С. In a preferred embodiment, at 100 ° C. at least 46% is evaporated, for example from 46 to 65%. The vapor pressure of Reid of this gasoline at 37.8 ° C, determined according to the standard A8TM-323, is usually from 30 to 120, for example, from 40 to 100, in particular from 61 to 80 or preferably from 50 to 80, from 40 to 65, for example from 40 to 60 or from 40 to 50 kPa.

In addition, the application describes unleaded motor gasolines, which include component (a) and are characterized by an RON value of at least 98, an OCM value of at least 87.8, an NPR less than 60 kPa, for example, from 40 to 60 kPa, a content of less than 35% aromatic compounds

- 11 006229, less than 15% of olefins, evaporation from 10 to 45% of material at 70 ° C, evaporation from 46 to 60% at 100 ° C and evaporation more than 88% at 150 ° C. In a preferred embodiment, their density is at least 0.71, for example from 0.71 to 0.78, in particular at least 0.7122, or at least 0.72, in particular from 0.7122 to 0.7264 kg / l.

Gasoline compositions, in particular those prepared on the basis of branched chain alkanes in the form of component (a), are usually characterized by a value of OCM from 80 to 94, in particular from 85 to 90, or from 90 to 94. The RON value is usually from 90 to 105, for example, from 98 to 102, or from 93 to 98, for example, from 94.5 to 97.5, or from 97 to 101, while the value of the CMVI is usually from 85 to 102, for example, from 98 to 102, or from 85 to 95. Preferred gasoline compositions are characterized by OChM from 83 to 93, EYE from 93 to 98, and the AGMI from 85 to 95 or OCHM from 85 to 90, OCHI from 94 to 101 and the AGMI from 89 to 96. Low heat The petrol's ability to steal (also called specific energy) is usually as stated above. The same can be said with regard to boiling limits, determined in accordance with standard Л8ТМ Ώ-86, and UPR.

When gasoline compositions are free of any oxygen-containing products, the H: C atomic ratio in them is at least 1.8: 1, for example, at least 2.0: 1, or at least 2.1 or 2.2: 1 in particular from 1.8 to 2.3: 1, or from 2.0 to 2.2: 1. Appropriate gasoline composition meets the following criteria.

The atomic ratio of H: C x [1 + acid.] X [lower calorific value + CWMI] y

200 where the atomic ratio H: C is the ratio between the atoms of hydrogen and carbon in the hydrocarbons of the composition, acid. means the molar fraction of oxygen-containing products, if they are present in the composition, lower calorific value means the energy obtained by burning 1 pound (454 g) mass of fuel (in gaseous form) in oxygen to produce gaseous water and carbon dioxide, expressed in British thermal units / pound [MJ / kg times 430.35], and the value of y is at least 350, 380, 410 or 430, in particular from 350 to 440, for example from 380 to 420, preferably from 400 to 420.

Automobile gasoline contains from 10 to 90% of component (a), from 10 to 80% of component (b), from 0 to 25% of the gasoline-ligroin fraction, from 0 to 15% of butane, from 5 to 20% of olefins, from 3 to 28% of aromatic compounds and from 0 to 25% of oxygen-containing products, in particular from 5 to 20% of aromatic compounds and from 5 to 15% of olefins.

In a preferred embodiment, such automobile gasoline comprises from 8 to 65% of component (a) (preferably from 15 to 35%), from 0.1 to 30%, in particular from 2 to 25% of olefins, preferably from 3 to 14%, and from 0 to 35% of aromatic compounds, in particular from 0 to 30%, for example from 5 to 35, from 5 to 20 (preferably from 5 to 15%) or from 20 to 30%, and from 5 to 50% of blends as component (b), for example from 10 to 45%, in particular from 20 to 40%. These gasolines may also include oxygen-containing products, such as MTBE, mainly in amounts less than 3%, for example, from 0.1 to 3%, and mainly include less than 1.0% benzene, for example, from 0.1 to 1%, and mostly less than 18% olefins, for example, from 0.1 to 15%. In a preferred embodiment, such gasolines are characterized by OCI values from 96 to 99, OCM from 86 to 90, and SMMI from 91 to 94.5.

Examples of motor gasolines are those that include from 5 to 25% of component (a), from 5 to 15% of olefins, from 15 to 35% of aromatics and from 40 to 65% of component (b), in particular from 15 to 25% component (a), from 7 to 15% of olefins, from 15 to 25% of aromatics, and from 45 to 52% of component (b) as a mixture with an RON value from 96.5 to 97.5, or from 5 to 15% of component (a), from 7 to 15% of olefins, from 15 to 25% of aromatics, and from 55 to 65% of component (b) with the value of the LEC from 94.5 to 95.5.

Examples of motor gasolines are also those that include from 1 to 15%, for example from 3 to 12%, butane, from 0 to 20%, for example from 5 to 15%, ether, for example MTBE, from 20 to 80, for example 25 to 70% of mixed liquid refinery materials (usually C ₆ -C ₉ products, except for the gasoline ligroin fraction) [such as the aforementioned mixtures of products (I) to (IV)], from 0 to 25%, for example, from 2 to 25 % gasoline-ligroin fraction, from 5 to 70%, for example from 15 to 65%, component (a) with RON from 93 to 100, for example from 94 to 98, OCM from 80 to 98, for example from 83 to 93 or 93 to 98, and UPR from 40 to 80, in part from 40 to 65 kPa. Such gasolines typically include from 1 to 30%, for example, from 2 to 25%, olefins, and from 2 to 30%, for example, from 4 to 25%, aromatics. Amounts of olefins from 15 to 25% are preferred for values of EMI from 94 to 98, for example, from 94 to 96, and from 2 to 15%, for example, from 2 to 7%, for values of EMI from 96 to 100, for example, from 96 to 98 .

Other examples of fuel compositions include from 8 to 18% of component (a), from 10 to 50%, for example from 25 to 40%, the total mixture of component (b), from 5 to 40%, for example from 20 to 35%, total mixture aromatics, from 15 to 60%, for example from 15 to 30% or from 40 to 60%, the total mixture of olefins and from 0 to 15% of the oxygen-containing component in general, for example from 3 to 8% or from 8 to 15%. Particularly preferred compositions include from 8 to 18% of component (a), from 25 to 40% of the total mixture as a mixed component (b), from 20 to 35% of the total aromatics mixture, and from 15 to 30% in total of olefins or 8 to 18% of component (a), from 15 to 40%

- 00 006229 total mixture as a mixed component (b), from 3 to 25% of the total mixture of aromatic compounds and from 40 to 60% of the total mixture of olefins.

In addition, examples of fuel compositions include from 20 to 40% of component (a), from 8 to 55% of the total mixture of component (b), for example, from 5 to 25% or from 35 to 55%, and 0 or from 5 to 25% , for example, from 18 to 25%, the total mixture of aromatic compounds, from 0 to 55%, preferably from 10 to 55 or from 40 to 55%, the total mixture of olefins, with particularly preferred compositions comprising from 20 to 40% of component (a), from 5 to 25% of the total mixtures of component (b), from 3 to 25% of the total mixture of aromatics and from 40 to 60% of the total mixture of olefins, or from 20 to 40% of component (a), from 35 up to 55% of the total mixture of component (b), from 15 to 30% of the total mixture of aromatics and from 0 to 15%, for example from 5 to 15%, of the total mixture of olefins, or, in particular, from 20 to 40% of component (a ), from 25 to 45% or from 30 to 50% of the total mixture of component (b), from 2 to 15% of the total mixture of aromatics and from 18 to 35% of the total mixture of olefins, and mostly from 3 to 10% or from 5 to 18% olefins and from 10 to 35%, in particular from 10 to 20%, of aromatic compounds (for example, from 10 to 18%).

Other examples of fuel compositions include from 30 to 55%, for example from 40 to 55%, component (a), from 5 to 30% of the total mixture of component (b), from 0 to 10% of the total mixture of aromatic compounds, from 10 to 45% a mixture of olefins, from 0 to 15% oxygen-containing products, mainly with a total amount of oxygen-containing products and a mixture of olefins from 20 to 45%. Other examples of fuel compositions include from 55 to 70% of component (a), from 10 to 45% of the total component (b), for example from 10 to 25% or from 35 to 45%, and from 0 to 10%, for example 0 or from 0.5 to 5%, the total mixture of aromatics, and from 0 to 30% of the total mixture of olefins, for example 0 or from 15 to 30%, mostly from 55 to 70%, of component (a), from 10 to 25% the total mixture of component (b), 0, or from 0.5 to 5% of the total mixture of aromatics and from 15 to 30% of the mixture of olefins.

Particularly preferred examples of fuel compositions include from 15 to 35%, for example from 20 to 35%, component (a), from 0 to 18.5%, for example from 2 to 18.5%, olefins, from 5 to 40%, for example from 5 to 35%, aromatic compounds, from 25 to 65% of saturated compounds and less than 1% benzene and from 18 to 65%, for example, from 40 to 65%, component (a), from 0 to 18.5%, for example, from 5 to 18.5%, olefins, from 5 to 42%, for example, from 5 to 28%, aromatics, from 35 to 55% of saturated compounds, and less than 1% benzene.

Another fuel composition may include from 25 to 40%, for example, from 30 to 40%, in particular 35%, of the alkylation product (mainly with the whole range of boiling points, with TNC 30 ° C or higher and TV above 165 ° C), from 10 up to 25%, for example from 15 to 25%, in particular 20%, of the isomerization product, from 10 to 25%, for example from 15 to 25%, in particular 20%, of the light hydrocracking product and from 20 to 35%, for example from 20 up to 30%, in particular 25%, of component (a) and optionally from 0 to 5% of butane. In a preferred embodiment, such a composition is substantially paraffinic and substantially free of olefins and aromatics.

Another gasoline composition comprises from 2 to 20%, for example, from 5 to 15%, of component (a), mainly the fraction of alkylation product in the temperature range from 15 to 100 ° C, in an amount of from 20 to 40%, for example, from 25 to 35% of the alkylation product with the whole range of boiling points, for example, with TV from 175 to 200 ° C [with total content of component (a) and alkylation product from 35 to 45%], from 25 to 40% of mixtures of olefins, in particular gasoline cracking with water vapor, from 5 to 20%, for example from 7 to 15%, of the reforming product, from 10 to 25%, for example from 12 to 20%, toluene and from 0.1 to 3%, nap Example from 0.5 to 2.0%, butane. Preferred gasoline according to the invention, for example, the latter, is usually characterized by OCHI from 98 to 101, OCM from 86 to 89, evaporation (I) at 100 ° C (the proportion of material evaporating at 100 ° C,%) from 45 to 55, for example from 48 up to 52, aromatic content from 30 to 40%, in particular from 30 to 35%, olefins from 3 to 15%, for example from 5 to 10%, and aggregate of saturated compounds from 50 to 65%, for example from 55 to 60% . This composition is free of added oxygen-containing products. Toluene can be replaced by an equal volume of heavy reforming product.

Another gasoline composition of particular interest includes from 0.5 to 5%, for example, from 2 to 4%, butane, from 10 to 30%, for example, from 15 to 25%, of an alkylation product with the entire range of boiling points (for example, TV from 175 to 200 ° C), from 10 to 40%, in particular from 20 to 35%, of component (a), mainly the fraction of the alkylation product in the temperature range from 110 to 115 ° C, from 115 to 125 ° C, from 15 to 160 ° C or from 15 to 100 ° C [in particular, with a total content of the alkylation product and component (a) from 35 to 60%, for example, from 40 to 55%], from 30 to 50% of the catalytic reform product ha and from 5 to 15% and characterized Ykoshet RMN 87 to 90 RON 98 to 101 and SCHMI from 93 to 95. Such a composition is free from oxygen-containing products.

Other compositions of motor fuels may be characterized by other limits of the anti-knock indicator (also known as the indicator of the CWMI), which is the average for OCM and OCM.

- 13 006229

For indicators of the SMMI from 85.5 to 88.5, the compositions may include from 8 to 30% of component (a), for example, from 15 to 30%, and from 10 to 50%, for example, from 20 to 40%, in the aggregate of the component mixture B) from 5 to 30%, for example from 5 to 20% in total of olefins and from 10 to 40%, for example from 15 to 35%, in total of aromatics or from 8 to 30% of component (a), from 10 to 50% of the total mixture as component (b), from 5 to 40% of total mixtures of aromatics, for example, from 20 to 30%, and from 10 to 60%, for example, from 30 to 55%, total mixtures of olefins.

For indicators of SMMI from 88.5 to 91.0, such compositions may include from 5 to 25% (or from 5 to 15%) of component (a), from 20 to 45% of the total mixture of component (b), from 0 to 25 %, for example from 1 to 10 or from 10 to 25%, a total of olefins and from 10 to 35%, for example from 10 to 20% or from 20 to 35%, a total of aromatic compounds or from 5 to 25% ( from 5 to 15%) of component (a), from 20 to 45% in the aggregate of mixtures of component (b), from 0 to 35% of total mixtures of aromatics, for example, from 1 to 15 or from 15 to 35%, and from 5 to 65%, for example, from 5 to 30, or from 30 to 65%, total mixtures of olefins.

For indicators of SMMI from 91.0 to 94.0, the fuel compositions of the invention may include from 5 to 65%, for example from 5 to 20, from 20 to 30, from 30 to 65, or from 40 to 65%, of component (a) and from 5 to 40% (from 5 to 35%), for example from 5 to 12 or from 12 to 40% (from 12 to 30%) in the aggregate of the mixture of component (b), from 1 to 30%, for example from 1 to 10 or from 10 to 25%, a total of olefins and from 5 to 55%, for example from 5 to 15 or from 15 to 35, or from 35 to 55%, a total of aromatic compounds or the above amounts of component (a) and from 0 to 55%, for example, from 0.5 to 25%, for example, from 10 to 25%, or from 25 to 55%, aromatic shares and 0 or from 10 to 60%, for example from 10 to 30% or from 35 to 60%, a total olefin fractions.

For indicators SMMI from 94 to 97.9 such fuel compositions can include from 20 to 65% of component (a), for example from 40 to 65% of component (a), from 0 to 15%, for example from 5 to 15%, of olefins , from 0 to 20%, for example from 5 to 20%, a total of aromatic compounds and from 5 to 50%, for example from 30 to 50%, in the aggregate mixture of component (b) or the above amounts of component (a) and the aggregate mixture component (b), from 0 to 30%, for example from 10 to 30%, aromatic fractions and from 0 to 30%, for example from 5 to 30%, olefin fractions, or the above amounts of component (a), for example, from 20 to 40% of component (a), and the aggregate mixture of component (b), the aggregate of olefins, and the aggregate of aromatic compounds containing from 2 to 15% of aromatic fractions and from 18 to 35% of olefin fractions.

Among the preferred mixtures are unleaded mixtures, comprising as component (a) at least 10% of at least one individual compound A or A ¹ and component (b) as described above, provided that (i) when compound A or A ¹ is trimethylpentane, the mixture includes from 10 to 65% of a total of trimethylpentanes and at least 10% alkane with 6 or 7 carbon atoms, an OCM value of at least 70 and an EHR value of at least 90, and in the preferred embodiment includes less than 5% 2,2,3-trimethylpentane and 2,2,3trimetilbutana and (II) when the compound A or A ¹ is an alkane with 9 or 10 carbon atoms, the mixture comprises at least 10% alkane of 6 or 7 carbon atoms, MON value at least 70 and RON value at least 90, and in the preferred embodiment, includes in aggregate less than 5% of 2,2,3-trimethylpentane and 2,2,3-trimethylbutane. If condition (I) is met, in a preferred embodiment, this mixture includes at least 26% (or 30%) of the total alkanes containing 7 or 8 carbon atoms, with an OCM value not less than 70 and an EHF value of at least 90 and / or includes a total of less than 17% of aromatic compounds.

Preferred finished unleaded gasolines include at least one gasoline additive, and the unleaded mixture is preferred according to the previous paragraph, provided that (III) when Compound A or A ¹ is trimethylpentane, the mixture includes from 10 to 65% of the total of trimethylpentanes and less 5% 2,2,3-trimethylpentane and 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, and (IV) when Compound A or A ¹ is an alkane with 9 or 10 carbon atoms, the preferred mixture includes less than 5% for a total of 2.2 , 3-trimethylpentane and 2,2,3-trimeti butane.

Preferred mixtures and gasolines can be characterized by OChM values from 80 to 94, for example, from 80 to 85 or from 90 to 94, OCM values from 90 to 105, for example, from 90 to 95 or from 97 to 105, with a values of CWMI from 85 to 102, content compounds A or A ¹ from 30 to 60%, for example, from 40 to 60% (including 1 or 2 compounds A or A ¹ ), the total content of the gasoline-ligroin fraction from 35 to 65% (for example, from 35 to 55%) and 1 to 5% butane, and such mixtures include from 1 to 8%, for example, from 2 to 6%, aromatics, from 0 to 1% olefins, and from 91 to 99% (for example, from 94 to 98%) of saturated compounds. They are practically aliphatic mixtures and gasolines with high octane numbers, free from oxygen-containing products, such as MTBE, and also practically saturated.

Other high-octane mixtures and gasolines can be characterized by OChM values from 80 to 95, for example, from 85 to 95, OCM values from 90 to 100, for example, from 95 to 100, HFM values from 85 to 97, the content of Compound A or A ^{1 is} from 30 to 60 %, for example from 30 to 50% (including 1 or 2 compounds A or A ¹ ), the content of the average gasoline-ligroin distillate from 5 to 30%, the total content

- 14 006229 olefin fraction, such as gasoline cracking with steam, from 30 to 50% and from 1 to 5% butane, and such mixtures include from 10 to 25 aromatic compounds, for example from 12 to 18% aromatic compounds, from 4 to 14% olefins, for example from 6 to 12%, and from 60 to 90%, in particular from 70 to 80%, of saturated compounds. These high-octane materials are obtained without the use of oxygen-containing products.

Other mixtures and gasolines may have an OCM value from 84 to 90, an OChM value from 93 to 98, a CMFI value from 86 to 94, and include compound A or A ¹ in an amount from 15 to 35%, in general from 40 to 65% petrol ligroin fraction, olefin fractions, such as gasoline cracking with steam, in an amount of from 15 to 45% and 0 or from 1 to 5% of butane together with aromatic components in an amount of from 5 to 25%, in particular from 10 to 18%, olefinic components in the amount of from 2 to 14% and saturated components in the amount of from 70 to 90%.

Other mixtures and gasolines can include from 10 to 35% of compound A or A ¹ , a gasoline-ligroin fraction in an amount of from 30 to 50%, a hydrocracking product in an amount of from 10 to 30%, an alkylation product and / or an isomerization product in an amount of 2 up to 10% and the product of the reformer in an amount of from 3 to 12%.

The mixture may also include component (a) and usually at least one additive for motor gasoline, for example as described above, in particular a mixture containing not more than 5% in general, for example less than 1%, of a hydrocarbon component with 1 _kip above 160 ° C and preferably less than 5%, for example less than 4%, of triptane or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane. Examples of component (a) are presented above, but the fraction of the alkylation product is preferred, in particular, the fraction with boiling points from 15 to 100 ° C.

So, thanks to the invention, it is possible to obtain gasolines, for example, automobile or aviation gasoline, in particular with RPC values of 91, 95, 97, 98, with target high octane numbers, but with small amounts of emissions during combustion, in particular, at least one of the total mass hydrocarbons, ΝΟ _Χ, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, preferably as an all hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. Thus, according to the invention, it is also proposed to use component (a), in particular compounds A or A ¹ , for example A3, -4, -6 or -9, or alkylation product fractions with boiling points from 15 to 160 ° C, for example, with 1 boil from 15 to 100 ° C, preferably from 15 to 60 ° C or from 90 to 106, in the composition of unleaded gasoline, for example motor or aviation gasoline, with OCM at least 80, for example from 80 to less than 98, for example as an additive to gasoline or its component, in order to reduce emissions during combustion, mainly at least one of the combination of hydrocarbons, ΝΟΧ, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, mainly as all hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide. The invention also relates to a method for reducing exhaust emissions from the combustion of unleaded gasoline, such as automotive or aviation gasoline fuels with OCM of at least 80, which includes the introduction of at least 10% of component (a), in particular compound A or A ¹ , for example A3 , -4, -6, or -9, or alkylation product fractions from 1 boil from 15 to 160 ° C or from 15 to 100 ° C, preferably from 15 to 60 ° C or from 90 to 106, to the fuel that is proposed according to the invention gasoline. Unleaded gasoline can be used in a spark ignition internal combustion engine to reduce exhaust emissions. The compositions according to the invention can be used in engines with supercharging and turbocharging, as well as in engines with natural aspiration of air. The use of component (a), preferably of compound A or the fraction of the alkylation product from 1 _kip from 15 to 160 ° C or from 1 _kip from 15 to 100 ° C, preferably from 15 to 60 ° C or from 90 to 106 ° C, makes it possible to reduce the amounts of emissions of one or several of the above components are more successful than with those quantities of the alkylation product or a mixture of aromatic compounds and oxygen-containing products, at which a similar octane number is reached, and usually also reduce fuel consumption.

Car exhaust emissions vary greatly depending on the vehicle's technology and whether the engine is hot or cold, even in cases of engines whose exhaust gases pass through the catalytic converter before being discharged into the environment. In a cold engine, the influence of the same characteristics in a hot engine, among other things, on the nature of fuel evaporation, is unpredictable, and it is cold engines that produce the greatest amount of emissions coming from the exhaust pipes of mufflers, which is due to air mixture, and in the case of cars with catalytic converters - low efficiency of catalytic converters, which increased with a decrease in emissions walks when the engine gets hot. In more modern cars, a lambda sensor installed in front of the neutralizer allows you to adjust the ratio of the components of the working fuel-air mixture entering the engine, but when the engine is cold, this regulation is also ineffective (the ratio of components of the working air-fuel mixture becomes unregulated). The efficiency of the sensor is quickly restored (the ratio of the components of the working air-fuel mixture becomes adjustable) only after a period of starting the cold engine,

- 00 006229 even when the catalyst is not heated enough for normal operation. Thus, cold start processes are different from processes in a hot state, which causes large amounts of emissions coming from the exhaust pipes of silencers. Duration or mileage is associated with a cold start period, which can vary depending on driving and / or environmental conditions, for example, up to 2 km or 4, or 2 minutes, or how coolant temperature is (for example, water temperature in the radiator) below 50 ° C. An automobile engine can also be considered cold if it was idle for 4 hours before start-up, usually at least 6 hours before starting.

Gasolines with component (a), mainly as such, which is the product obtained or obtained by distillation in the form of a fraction with boiling points from 15 to 100 ° C, during cold start, produce less emissions than the base fuel.

Thus, the present invention also proposes a method for reducing exhaust emissions from the combustion of unleaded gasoline fuels with an OCM of at least 80, for example, from 80 to less than 98, during a cold start of a spark ignition internal combustion engine, including the introduction of component (a) into fuel which is a gasoline according to the invention. In the preferred embodiment, in compositions, gasolines, methods, and in applying the invention, component (a) is used in an amount that effectively reduces emissions, particularly during cold start.

The gasolines described in the application can be used in spark ignition internal combustion engines. They can be used for mechanical propulsion of vehicles on land and / or sea and / or in air.

Engine displacement for automobiles is usually at least 45 cm ³ , for example, from 45 to 10,000 cm ³ , for example at least 200 cm ³ , such as from 500 to 10,000 cm ³ , in particular from 950 to 2550, such as from 950 up to 1550 or from 1250 to 1850 cm ³ , or from 2500 to 10,000 cm ³ , such as from 2500 to 5000 or from 5000 to 9000 cm ³ . Engines include at least one cylinder, but preferably at least 2 or 3 cylinders, for example, from 3 to 16, preferably 4-6 or 8 cylinders; the volume of each cylinder is usually from 45 to 1250 cm ³ , for example from 200 to 1200 cm ³ , in particular from 240 to 520 cm ³ or from 500 to 1000 cm ³ . Engines can be 2-stroke engines, but preferably 4-stroke engines. You can use rotary engines, such as the type of Wankel engine. Engines can be used to drive vehicles that have at least 2 wheels, for example, 2 to 4 drive wheels, such as motorbikes, motorcycles and 3-wheeled cars, vans and cars, in particular those vehicles that are legitimized. for use on public roads, as well as off-road conditions, such as 4-wheel driven vehicles, sports cars for operation on public roads and race cars, incl. Go ahead with racing cars for leading races and racing cars for participating in circuit racing. In the preferred embodiment, to transfer from a stationary to a moving state, the engine energy is usually transferred to the driving wheels through a gearbox and a clutch mechanism or a gear system of another type. The engine and gear system provide the best opportunity to vary the actual speed of the vehicle on the road in the range from 1 to 350 km / h, preferably in the range from 5 to 130 km / h, and allow you to constantly vary the speed of its movement. The speed of the car on the road is usually reduced with the help of the brake mechanism with which the car is equipped, and braking is generally carried out by friction. The engine can be either air or water cooled, and air movement caused by the movement of the vehicle is used for direct or indirect engine cooling. The vehicle has a device that simplifies changing the direction of movement of the vehicle, such as a steering wheel or handle. Typically, at least 10% of the distance the vehicle runs at a speed exceeding 5 km / h.

Aviation gasoline engines are commonly used on reciprocating aircraft, i.e. with at least one propulsion means for mechanically driving air, such as a propeller. Each engine typically drives at least one shaft to drive a propeller with 1 or 2 propellers. An aircraft can have from 1 to 10 propellers, for example from 2 to 4. Aircraft engines usually have at least 2 cylinders, for example from 2 to 28 cylinders, each of which preferably has a capacity of more than 700 cm ³ , in particular from 700 to 2000 cm ³ , for example 1310 cm ³ . The total working volume of such an engine is usually from 3,700 to 50,000 cm ³ , for example, from 3,700 to 12,000 cm ³ , for a single or twin-engine passenger aircraft, from 12,000 to 45,000 cm ³ for use on 2- or 4-engine cargo or commercial aircraft vessel (for example, to carry from 15 to 200 passengers, in particular from 50 to 150 passengers). These engines can be characterized by a ratio between power and mass of at least 0.3 hp / lb, for example from 0.3 to 2 hp / lb, and can be characterized by the ratio between power and volume of a cylinder of at least 0, 5 (hp / cubic inch), for example, from 0.5 to 2. Cylinders can be placed in rows, in the form of a Υ-shaped con

- 16 006229 shape, H-configuration, in the same plane (horizontally opposite each other) or radially around the common propeller drive shaft. You can apply one or more rows / circles of cylinders, such as plane 2, plane 4, plane 6, U12, 2 or 3 circles of 7 cylinders, etc. Each cylinder is provided with one or several, and more preferably at least two spark plugs. To bring the propeller and / or compressor, you can, but not necessarily, use a gear system. In another embodiment, it is also possible to provide for the presence of a suction turbo unit. The exhaust pipe for exhaust gases may be individual or converge into a common manifold, and in the preferred embodiment, they face the opposite direction of flight. Radiator plates can be placed outside the engine for air cooling. Over 90% of the distance the engine travels during its operation, it usually travels at an altitude of 500 feet or more above ground level. As a rule, more than 90% of the time the engine is used falls to the engine at a speed of over 1000 rpm, for example, between 1,000 and 3,500 rpm.

An aircraft usually has at least one tank whose capacity is at least 100 liters, and the total capacity of the tanks is preferably at least 1000 liters.

Gasolines can be prepared in a refinery unit by mixing components with a gasoline output of at least 200,000 liters / day, in particular from 1 to 10 million liters / day. Gasoline can be distributed through multiple dispensers for retail sale of motor gasoline, optionally via intermediate dispensers for wholesale or dispensing large quantities, for example, using modular tanks such as tanks with a capacity of at least 2 million liters each, for example, from 5 to 15 million liters . Deliveries can be made by pipeline or in tanks transported by highway, rail or water, with the capacity of each tank being at least 5,000 liters. In retail locations, such as gas stations, gasoline is distributed among multiple consumers, i.e., vehicle drivers, for example, with a frequency of at least 100 or 1000 different consumers per day. For use in aviation, gasoline is usually prepared in a refinery unit with a capacity of at least 1000 barrels per day (or 100,000 liters / day), in particular from 0.1 to 2 million liters / day. Aviation gasoline is usually delivered in tanks on highways, rails, water or through pipelines directly to transfer or prefabricated tanks at an airport, for example, with a capacity of at least 300,000 liters, from a source where it is distributed through a pipeline or in a tank, for example, using a mobile tanker. for refueling multiple aircraft, for example, at least 5 / day per tank. An aircraft may be equipped with one or more airborne tanks, the capacity of each of which is at least 100 liters.

Preferred aviation gasolines, including component (a), are characterized by SIR from 38 to 49 kPa, evaporation from 10 to 40% at 75 ° C, evaporation of at least 50% at 105 ° C, evaporation of at least 90% at 135 ° C and the total evaporation temperature of 10% and the evaporation temperature of 50% above 135 ° C.

The present invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

The alkylation product with TNK 31.9 ° C and TB 191.3 ° C is a product of oil refining of this grade, which was obtained industrially by the NB catalyzed reaction involving isobutene and isobutane from varieties of oil refining products. Further, this alkylation product was distilled in accordance with A8TM-2892 standard, obtaining a series of fractions with boiling points indicated in Table 2 below. 1 together with the results of the analysis on the content in mass percent of the main components, the concentration of which was at least 1 wt.%.

Table 1

BUT B AT R d E F Pace. 15-60 60-80 80-90 90-95 95-100 100-103 103-106

3 AND TO L M H Pace. 106-110 110-115 115-125 125-140 140-160 160-TV

Analysis results

A. Butane: 9.1, isopentane: 74.8, n-pentane: 5.9, 2,3-dimethylbutane: 5.6, 2-methylpentane: 1.8.

B. Isopentane: 12.9, n-pentane: 3.8, 2,3-dimethylpentane: 20.7, 2-methylpentane: 7.4, 3-methylpentane: 3.8, 2.4-dimethylpentane: 26, 8, benzene: 1, 2,3-dimethylpentane: 12.2, isooctane: 8.0.

B. Isopentane: 2,3, 2,3-dimethylbutane: 10.4, 2-methylpentane: 3.8, 3-methylpentane: 2.1, 2.4-dimethylpentane: 23.4, 2.3-dimethylpentane: 20.4, isooctane: 31.5.

G. 2,3-Dimethylbutane: 3,5, 2-methylpentane: 1,3, 2,4-dimethylpentane: 16.5, 2,3-dimethylpentane: 19.9, isooctane: 51.5.

- 17 006229

D. 2,4-dimethylpentane: 7.2, 2.3-dimethylpentane: 14.3, isooctane: 67.1, 2.5-dimethylhexane: 1.8, 2.4dimethylhexane: 2.0, 2.3, 4-trimethylpentane: 2.1, toluene: 1,2, 2,3,3-trimethylpentane: 1.0.

E. 2,4-Dimethylpentane: 1,8, 2,3-dimethylpentane: 7.5, isooctane: 68.2, 2.5-dimethylhexane: 4.1, 2.4dimethylhexane: 4.7, 2.3, 4-trimethylpentane: 6.0, toluene: 1,4, 2,3,3-trimethylpentane: 3.1, high-boiling products: 1.3.

G. 2,3-Dimethylpentane: 4.5, isooctane: 57.8, 2.5-dimethylhexane: 6.0, 2.2.3-trimethylpentane: 1.3, 2.4dimethylhexane: 7.0, 2, 3,4-trimethylpentane: 11.4, toluene: 1.3, 2,3,3-trimethylpentane: 6.3, high-boiling products: 3.0.

Z. 2,3-Dimethylpentane: 1.3, isooctane: 39.5, 2.5-dimethylhexane: 7.9, 2.2.3-trimethylpentane: 1.7, 2.4dimethylhexane: 9.2, 2, 3,4-trimethylpentane: 20.1, toluene: 1.1, 2,3,3-trimethylpentane: 12.1, high-boiling products: 6.9.

Isoparaffin n-paraffins Aromatic compounds Other products and 92% C ₈ 7% C ₉ - 0.6% with ₇ to 58.8% C ₈ 38.8% C ₉ - 1.7% C ₈ l 7.8% C ₈ 72.8% C ₉ 5.6% C ₁₀ - 11.8% C ₈ 1.9 total m 28.0% C ₉ 46.5% C ₁₀ 12.4% C _p Total 1.2 6.8% C ₈ 4.9% C ₉ n 8.0% С | 0 37.5% С _п Total 1.2 1.2% C ₈ 1.6% from ₉ Total 49.9% more high boiling point products> C _AND

Examples 2 and 3.

The base fuel was prepared by mixing 3.0 parts of butane, 22.0 parts of the full-range alkylation product (which was used as feedstock in approx. 1), 40 parts of catalytic reforming products, 10 parts of L18, then 75 parts of this base the fuels were mixed with 25 parts of the fraction And the alkylation product to obtain a mixture of approx. 2, and also separately from 25 parts of the K fraction of the alkylation product to obtain a mixture of approx. 3 and 25 hours of heavy product reforming to obtain compare. mixes.

Received 3 ready gasoline, each of which included one of the above mixtures and 15 mg / l of phenolic antioxidant from at least 55% of 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, at least 15% of 4methyl-2,6-di-tert- butylphenol, and the rest - a mixture of monomethyl and dimethyl-tert-butylphenols. Gasoline approx. 2 and 3 met the European technical requirement 2005 for gasoline without oxygen-containing products.

In each case, the gasolines were tested for OChM and OCHC values, as well as for their vapor pressure according to Reid at 37.8 ° C. The results are shown in Table. 2, in which these properties of the alkylation product fractions from A to M are also presented. In accordance with standard Л8ТМ-86, distillation characteristics of the mixtures were estimated to be ca. 2 and 3 and compare. mixtures, which are shown in Table. 3

- 18 006229

table 2

Boiling points, ° С UPR, kPa Lumen ohm T heat capacity, Brit. Warm units / lb Benz., May. % Compare, mixture from 35 to 185 59.7 102.2 89.4 18339 1.86 Mixture approx. 2 from 34 to 172 57.2 99.6 89 18734 1.95 A mixture of approx.3 from 32 to 172 57.4 99.7 88.5 18733 1.94 Fraction A from 15 to 60 - 90,8 87,8 19433 0.14 Fraction B from 60 to 80 - 88,8 86.3 19088 1.07 Fraction B from 80 to 90 - 91.2 89.7 19044 0.67 Fraction G from 90 to 95 - 93.5 92.6 19010 0.33 Fraction D from 95 to 100 - 95.5 94.8 18968 0.08 Fraction E from 100 to 103 - 95.7 94.8 18935 0.01 Fraction F from 103 to 106 - 94.9 93.6 18958 0.00 Fraction 3 from 106 to 110 - 94.2 92.0 19010 0 Fraction And from 110 to 115 - 91.8 87,8 19156 0.01 Fraction K from 115 to 125 - 92.2 85,8 19157 0.01 Fraction L 125 to 140 - - - 18949 0 Fraction M from 140 to 160 - - - 18898 0 Fraction H from 160 to tv - - - 19005 0

Table 3

Compare Mix Note 2 Note Starting point of boiling, ° С 34.7 34.2 31.6 grad.S Is allocated 0.5% 56,4 57.9 57.1 grad.S 10% allocated 68,6 68.7 68,6 grad.S 20% allocated 87.4 84.4 85.1 grad.S 30% allocated 101.8 94.7 96.0 grad.S 40% allocated 113.8 101.5 103.5 grad.S 50% allocated 124.9 107.1 109.3 grad.S 60% allocated 135.5 111.6 114.1 grad.S 70% allocated 145.1 116.1 118,8 grad.S 80% allocated 154.5 122.1 124.8 grad.S 90% allocated 165.0 137.8 137.5 grad.S 95% allocated 173.9 155.4 154.2 grad.S Boiling point, ° С 185.2 171.9 171.6 grad.S Losses, vol.% 2.3 1.4 1,3 about.% Allocated share, about. % 96.6 97.3 97.5 about.% Balance,% 1.1 1,3 1.2 about.% Volume of material evaporated at 70 ° C 12.7 11.9 11.9 - The amount of material evaporated at 100 ° C 30.5 38.5 36.1 - Volume of material evaporated at 150 ° C 77.1 94.9 95.2 - UPR, kPa - 57.2 57.4 - Density, kg / l - 0.7415 0.7423

- 19 006229

Example 4

Compared the characteristics of emissions from the combustion of finished gasoline compare. mixes, ca. 2 and 3 and fractions from A to N.

The fuel was tested in a single-cylinder experimental engine with a speed / load ratio of 50 / 14.3 v / s / Hm with a specified value of the ratio of the components of the working fuel-air mixture to 1.01 and the ignition time set for the comparative mixture was optimized. In the exhaust gases were determined emissions of CO, CO ₂ , hydrocarbons in general and ΝΟ _Χ . Results were averaged. Received the following results, presented in table. 4, expressed as changes in emissions versus a comparative mixture and, moreover, gravimetric changes in fuel consumption, expressed as percentages.

Table 4

Note with from ₂ Hydrocarbons in general (ACC) ΝΟ _χ Consumption Compare 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2 -3.1% -4.1% -4.0% -3.7% -2.3% 3 -3.0% -3.1% -3.1% -2.5% -2.1% BUT -38.6% -10.8% -33.1% -11.1% -7.2% B -31.4% -9.1% -17.7% -14,5% -6.1% AT -21.9% -9.7% -10.5% -18.2% -5.7% R -18,4% -8.9% -8.1% -19.3% -5.3% D -9.4% -9.2% _] -4.0% -22.1% -4.9% E -4.1% -9.3% -1.7% -22.2% -4,8% F -5.1% -9.7% 0.6% -20.7% -5.5% 3 2.0% -9.3% 0.9% -18.7% -5.0% AND -3.0% -9.0% -5.0% -18,0% -5.4% to -3.2% -9.2% 1.4% -16.7% -5.5% l 0.2% -6.1% 3.0% -15,0% -3.6% m -3.5% -7.2% 3.1% -18,5% -4.2% n -1.3% -4,8% 43.7% -18.2% -1.9%

Since the exhaust pipes of the experimental engines were not equipped with catalytic converters, a reduction in emissions is an indicator of improvements consisting in reduced emissions from the catalytic converter before the latter is heated and the working state is reached. This corresponds to the cold start condition.

Examples 5 and 6.

The mixture was prepared similarly approx. 2 and 3 of 75 parts of base fuel and 25 parts of fraction A to obtain a mixture of approx. 5 and separately from 25 parts of the combined fractions from B to D to obtain a mixture of approx. 6. Finished gasolines were produced similarly approx. 2 and 3. Compared with the comparative mixture, they formed reduced amounts of emissions.

Example 7

The mixture was prepared using the following components: 32.0% steam cracking gasoline, 30% full-range alkylation product (which served as the starting material in approx. 1), 10% of fractions from A to D, 11.0% of the reforming product, 16, 0% toluene and 1.0% butane. The finished gasoline also included 15 mg / l antioxidant approx. 2 and 3. The properties of the fuel are given in table. five.

- 20 006229

Table 5

Lumen 99.8 OCM 87.9 Heat Conditions, UK Heat Pack / Pound 18616 8 ppm 7.3 At PR, kPa 56,8 Benz., Wt.% 0.75 Material evaporated at 70 ° C 18.9 Material evaporated at 100 ° C 50.0 Material evaporated at 150 ° C 93.5 Material evaporated at 180 ° C 98.0 Aromatic compounds 34.2 Olefins 8.2 Saturated compounds 57.6 Oxygen-containing products 0.0

This gasoline also forms reduced amounts of emissions.

Examples 8 to 11 and comparative approx. BUT.

Mixing each of the following compounds: A4, A6, A9 and 2,2,5-trimethylhexane with different in each case the products of oil refining, which are presented in table. 5, preparing various unleaded mixtures, and also comparing the composition. approx. And with a heavy reforming product.

Received 6 finished gasoline, each of which included one of the above mixtures and 15 mg / l of phenolic antioxidant, which is used in approx. 2 and 3.

In each case, the gasolines were tested for OChM and OCHC values, as well as for their vapor pressure according to Reid at 37.8 ° C. The results are shown in Table. 5, which also presents the results of their analysis and the distillation profile (in accordance with standard Л8ТМ Ώ-86).

When burning finished gasoline approx. from 8 to 11 and compare. mixture A determined the emission characteristics.

Fuel tested similarly approx. 4 in a single-cylinder experimental engine with a speed / load ratio of 20/7/2 v / s / Nm with a specified value of the ratio of the components of the working fuel-air mixture 1.01 and optimized the ignition time set for comparative mixture A. The emissions of CO, CO2, the total amount of carbon oxides, hydrocarbons in general and ΝΟ _Χ , and fuel consumption (expressed in g / h ¹ ShKg) were determined in the exhaust gases. The results were averaged and compared with data for a comparative mixture of approx. A. The degree of change is presented in Table. 6

Table 5

Comp. mixture A eight 9 ten eleven Base fuel Composition,% by volume Butane 3 3 3 3 3 Catalytic cracking full range gasoline 20 20 20 20 20

- 21 006229

Comp. mixture A eight 9 ten eleven Alkyl product 40 40 40 40 40 Light Hydrocracking Gasoline 7 7 Ί 7 7 Full-range steam cracking gasoline ten ten ten ten ten Heavy product reformer 20 2,2,5-trimethylhexane (A17) 20 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (A4) 20 2,2,3-trimethylpentane (A6) 20 2,3,4-trimethylpentane (A9) 20 Density, kg / l 0.7487 0.7159 0.7122 0.7192 0.7176 C: H 1: 1,889 1: 2,085 1: 2,090 1: 2,091 1: 2,091 C, wt.% 86.4 85.2 85.17 85.16 85.16 H, wt.% 13.6 14.8 14.83 14.84 14.84 Lumen 97.0 96.6 97,8 97.1 OCM 86.3 87.0 86.9 86.2 UPR, kPa 54.7 57.1 56.1 56.1 T boilout temperature 10%, ° С 52.9 56.3 57.2 57.2 Temperature boiling 50%, ° С 107.0 93.6 97.7 97.4 Temperature boiling 90%, ° C 166.1 146.3 146.3 146.3 Benzene, vol.% 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Aromatic compounds, vol.% 29.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 Olefins, vol.% 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0

Table 6

Example WITH CO ₂ with _x Carbohydrate, in general ΝΟ _χ Fuel economy Compare. And 0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% ten 11.8% -2.8% -2.4% -13,0% -7.7% -1.4% eleven 14.0% -3.0% -2.6% -15.4% -4.1% -1.5% eight 21.9% -2.8% -2.2% -9.0% -4.6% 1.3% 9 14.0% -4,4% -4.0% -14,4% -4,8% -1.8%

The numbers show the change in consumption as a percentage compared to that achieved in the case of base fuel (compare mixture A).

Examples 12 to 23.

The mixtures were prepared using the following components: butane, an alkylation product with the entire boiling point range (which served as the starting material in approx. 1), a catalytic reforming product, a light hydrocracking product, steam cracking gasoline with the entire boiling point range, a gasoline ligroin fraction , straight race gasoline, full-range catalytic cracking gasoline and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. In addition, most mixtures included one or more fractions of the alkylation product, as set out in approx. 2 and 3. The results of analyzes of mixtures and their properties are presented in table. 7

- 22 006229

Table 7

EXAMPLE 12 13 14 15 sixteen 17 Butane 0.99 1.87 4.09 2.68 5.37 5.66 Full Range Alkylation Product 20 20 9.35 ten ten ten Catalytic Reformed Product 16.72 4.5 12.83 17.44 21.16 15.38 Light hydrocracking product Full-range steam cracking gasoline 47.69 53.63 35.1 42.52 16.05 20

EXAMPLE 12 13 14 15 sixteen 17 Gasoline ligroin fraction 3.39 0.76 Gasoline straight race 0.97 Full range catalytic cracking gasoline 2.93 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 14.6 20 1.26 The fraction of the product of alkylation from 15 to 60 ° Alkylation Product Fraction 60 to 80 ° C The fraction of the product of alkylation from 80 to 90 ° The fraction of the product of alkylation from 90 to 95 ° 38.63 The fraction of the product of alkylation from 95 to 100 ° 27.36 The fraction of the product of alkylation from 100 to 103 ° C 42.77 Alkylation product fraction from 103 to 106 ° C 44.3 Alkylation product fraction from 106 to 110 ° С Alkylation product fraction from 110 to 115 ° C Alkylation product fraction from 115 to 125 ° C Properties Lumen 99.2 99.1 98 98.8 98 98 OCM 87 87 87 87 88.4 87.9

- 23 006229

EXAMPLE 12 13 14 15 sixteen 17 UPR, kPa 60 60 60 60 60 60 Share in about. % evaporating at 70 ° C 30.2 32.4 28.7 28.2 16.5 16.3 Share in about. % evaporating at 100 ° C 52.2 56.5 60 54.4 49 49 Share in about. % evaporating at 150 ° C 93.7 94.8 98.5 96.3 100 99.8 Share in about. % evaporating at 180 ° C 97.9 98 98.6 98.2 100 99.8 Density, kg / l 0.7404 0.7301 0.7254 0.7376 0.726 0.7236 Benzene, vol.% one 0.51 0.76 one one 0.78 Aromatic compounds, vol.% 27.8 22.2 20.8 26.4 19.9 17.9 Olefins, vol.% 12.4 13.9 9.1 N, 1 4.7 6.4

During combustion, these mixtures form reduced amounts of emissions.

Table 7 (continued)

EXAMPLE 18 nineteen 20 21 22 23 Butane 4.56 3.03 4.06 1.13 Full Range Alkylation Product 17,54 22.35 19.93 1.76 5.29 Catalytic Reformed Product 8.51 17.18 12.17 18.06 21.03 1.81 Light hydrocracking product 19.75 Full-range steam cracking gasoline 32.85 30.29 29.8 38.12 17 26,15 Gasoline ligroin fraction 0.79 Gasoline straight race 0.97 Full range catalytic cracking gasoline 2.98 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

- 24 006229

EXAMPLE 18 nineteen 20 21 22 23 The fraction of the product of alkylation from 15 to 60 ° five 12.34 Alkylation Product Fraction 60 to 80 ° C five five The fraction of the product of alkylation from 80 to 90 ° The fraction of the product of alkylation from 90 to 95 ° five five 32 The fraction of the product of alkylation from 95 to 100 ° five five 32,69 39.1 The fraction of the product of alkylation from 100 to 103 ° C five 9.04 Alkylation product fraction from 103 to 106 ° C 3.44 2.15 five Alkylation product fraction from 106 to 110 ° С 33.1 Alkylation product fraction from 110 to 115 ° C ten 15 Alkylation product fraction from 115 to 125 ° C ten Properties Lumen 98 98 98 98.7 98 98 OCM 87 87 87 87 87.9 87 At PR, kPa 60 60 60 60 60 60 Share in about. % evaporating at 70 ° C 20.5 22.6 21.4 30.4 27.8 22.1 Share in about. % evaporating at 100 ° C 49 49 49 59.3 59.4 54.4

EXAMPLE 18 nineteen 20 21 22 23 Share in about. % evaporating at 150 ° C 98.4 96.4 97.3 98 100 99.7 Share in about. % evaporating at 180 ° C 100 99.2 99.7 98.5 100 99.8 Density, kg / l 0.725 0.731 0.7253 0.7334 0.7219 0.7295 Benzene, vol.% 0.56 0.92 0.7 one one one Aromatic compounds, vol.% 17.2 21.8 18.5 25.2 20.3 22 Olefins, vol.% 8.5 7.9 7.7 9.9 5.6 6.8

During combustion, these mixtures form reduced amounts of emissions.

Examples 24 through 28

The mixtures were prepared using the following components: butane, an alkylation product with the entire boiling point range (which served as the starting material in approx. 1), a catalytic reforming product, steam cracking gasoline with the entire boiling point range, and a benzino oligroin fraction. In addition, the mixture included two or more fractions of the alkylation product, as set out in approx. 2 and 3. The results of analyzes of mixtures and their properties are presented in table. eight.

- 25 006229

Table 8

EXAMPLE 24 25 26 27 28 Butane 0.14 1.76 Full Range Alkylation Product 37.7 28.47 17.19 23.81 Catalytic Reformed Product 11.12 12.64 19.4 8.97 2.03 Full-range steam cracking gasoline 23.57 28.75 28,59 24.17 44.56 Gasoline ligroin fraction 13.05 13.41 The fraction of the product of alkylation from 15 to 60 ° five five five Alkylation Product Fraction 60 to 80 ° C five five five five five

EXAMPLE 24 25 26 27 28 The fraction of the product of alkylation from 80 to 90 ° ten ten ten The fraction of the product of alkylation from 90 to 95 ° The fraction of the product of alkylation from 95 to 100 ° The fraction of the product of alkylation from 100 to 103 ° C Alkylation product fraction from 103 to 106 ° C Alkylation product fraction from 106 to 110 ° С Alkylation product fraction from 110 to 115 ° C 17.61 15 3.06 five Alkylation product fraction from 115 to 125 ° C five 15 15 15 Properties Lumen 96.7 96.9 97.3 93 93 OCM 86.3 85,8 85.7 83 81.2 UPR, kPa 60 60 60 52,8 56,8 Share in about. % evaporating at 70 ° C 24.1 24.9 22.9 20.9 30.2 Share in about. % evaporating at 100 ° C 49 49 49 49 56.5 Share in about. % evaporating at 150 ° C 95.5 95.2 95.3 95.1 95.3 Share in about. % evaporating at 180 ° C 99.5 100 100 100 100 Density, kg / l 0.72 0.7257 0.7336 0.7254 0.7293 Benzene, vol.% 0.62 0.71 one 0.53 0.35 Aromatic compounds, vol.% 15.6 18.4 22.6 15.6 18.6 Olefins, vol.% 6.1 7.5 7.5 6.3 11.5

During combustion, these mixtures form reduced amounts of emissions.

- 26 006229

Claims (7)

1. A method of reducing exhaust emissions from the burning of unleaded motor gasoline with an OBM of at least 80, which comprises introducing at least 10% of component (a) (1) into said gasoline, which is a practically aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery material with an OBM value of at least 85, with at least 70% of this product as a whole accounted for by branched chain alkanes, this material is a mixture of different distillation fractions, each fraction obtained by distillation lkilatov, as a fraction having a boiling point of at least 15 ° C and a boiling point not exceeding 160 ° C, these boiling point and boiling point are determined in accordance with standard A8TM Ό-2892, and where this fuel further includes at least at least one additive to motor gasoline and at least 5% of component (d), which is at least one paraffin, aromatic hydrocarbon compound and olefinic hydrocarbon with a boiling point of 60160 ° C, and the composition as a whole includes not more than 5% of the composition hydrocarbons with a melting point of more than 160 ° C and less than 5% tryptane or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane and a volume content of aromatic substances in the composition equal to 2-40%. 2. The method according to claim 1, where the gasoline comprises 15-65%, preferably 20-35% of the volume of the specified component (a) (ί). 3. An unleaded composition having an octane number determined by the motor method (OFM) of at least 80, including at least 2% (of the total composition) of component (a) (ί), which is a practically aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery material with a value of at least 85, with at least 70% of this product as a whole accounted for by branched chain alkanes, this material is a mixture of different distillation fractions, each fraction obtained by distillation of alkylates, as a fraction, having a boiling point of at least 15 ° C and a boiling point not exceeding 160 ° C, these boiling points and boiling points are determined in accordance with A8TM Ό-2892 standard and at least 5% of component (d), which is at least one paraffin, aromatic hydrocarbon compound or olefinic hydrocarbon with a boiling point of 60-160 ° C, and the composition as a whole includes not more than 5% of the total hydrocarbon composition with a boiling point of more than 160 ° C and less than 5% 2.2 3-trimethylbutane or 2,2,3-trimethylp ntana and volume content of aromatics in the composition equal to 2-40%. 4. Unleaded composition according to claim 3, comprising at least 5% (of the total composition) of component (a) (1). 5. The unleaded composition according to claim 4, where the composition comprises 15-65%, preferably 20-35% of the volume of the specified component (a) (ί). 6. Ready unleaded gasoline, which includes at least one additive for motor gasoline and a composition as defined in one of claims 3-5. 7. A method of preparing at least two pure compositions suitable for producing gasoline, comprising the following steps: I) fractionation of the alkylation product to give a first fraction at least partially boiling in the range of 90 to 106 ° C., a second fraction boiling at a lower temperature than the first fraction, and a third fraction boiling at a higher temperature, than the first fraction, II) mixing the first fraction, which is a practically aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery material with an ORM value of at least 85, with at least 70% of this product as a whole accounted for by branched chain alkanes, and has a boiling point of at least 15 ° C and a boiling point not exceeding 160 ° C, these boiling points and boiling points are determined in accordance with A8TM Ό-2892 standard, with component (e), which is defined in paragraph 3, to obtain the first high-octane unleaded gasolines oh composition, characterized by the value of the MPI of at least 97 and the value of the OMF of at least 86, with low emissions during combustion, and III) the combination of these second and third fractions as components (a) (1) with component (e), both of which are defined in claim 3, to obtain at least one other high-octane unleaded gasoline composition, characterized by an OCR value of at least at least 92 and an OBM value of at least 80 with low emissions during combustion and with less than 5% of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane and a volume content of aromatic substances in the composition of 2-40%.